TECHNO MAIN SALT LAKE

NAME- DEBANSHU CHAKRABORTY

ROLL- 13000721067

SEMESTER- 5TH

YEAR- 3RD

SECTION- B.

GROUP- 2.

SUBJECT- PROJECT.

TOPIC- VALVES
(VOCATIONAL TRAINING AT TATA POWER SKILL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, MAITHON)
(18.07.2022 - 01.08.2022)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
With a sense of deepest gratitude we do express immense
indebtedness to Dr. ADITI MAJUMDAR, Lecturer, Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, for his able guidance, kind cooperation, constructive
criticism and above all, his unfailing and amiable behavior and
incessant help in the preparation of the manuscript. We thank him
for giving us the chance to work on this topic, his continual support,
encouragement, the full supervision and invaluable guidance
throughout the study. She has provided us with the best of the
facilities available and immense help throughout this study.
We express special thanks to Dr. SUDAY KUMAR GHOSH, HOD of
Mechanical Engineering, for his whole hearted support rendered in
carrying out of project work. We put our respect and reverence to all
faculty & staff members of Department of Mechanical Engineering
for giving us strength and affection.
 ABSTRACT
Valves are manufactured in numerous sizes, body styles, and pound
ratings to meet a wide variety of application needs. Valves are also
manufactured with varying types of end preparations that allow
them to be readily mated to flanges or pipes of the same size and
rating. The gate valve is the most frequently used valve in piping
systems. It is a general service valve that is used primarily for on–off,
non throttling applications. When fully opened, the gate valve
creates minimal obstruction to the flow. Gate valves control the
commodity flowing through the pipe with a flat, vertical wedge, or
gate, that slides up or down as the valve's hand wheel is turned. As
the hand wheel is rotated, the wedge slides through the valve body
to block or release the flow. Designed to be either fully opened or
closed, the gate valve should not be operated in a partially
opened/closed position. A partially opened gate valve hastens
erosion caused by the commodity within the pipe and ruins the valve
seat in a short period of time. Turbulence from the commodity also
causes the wedge to vibrate, creating a chattering noise when the
valve is partially opened
 INTRODUCTION
Various types of valves are required in any piping system in order to
regulate the fluid flow within that system. Valves can be manually
operated or they can have an actuator to change and control
the valve opening. The actuator may be pneumatically, hydraulically,
or electrically operated. The valves represent a considerable
percentage of the overall expenditure of the chemical process
industry and, therefore, must be carefully selected.

Valves are installed on equipment/piping to perform any of the

following functions,

 Isolation

 Reglation

 Non Return

 Special Purpose

It is imperative that process piping engineer should be familiar with

all types of valves and the advent of any new designs. Thorough
knowledge of the operation, maintenance, and adjustment of valves
is equally important since the success of the process plant and its
total activity will depend on it. In this article we are going to study
the overview of few most common valves used for isolation and
regulation purpose. These include the gate valve, globe valve, needle
valve, butterfly valve, ball valve, plug valve, and check valve.
VALVES

A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a

fluid (gases,liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or
partially obstructing various passageways.

FUNCTION OF VALVES

Control of the water system

Start or shut down a system

Regulate pressure

Check backflow

Control the direction of water

Valves have many uses, including controlling water for irrigation,

industrial uses

for controlling processes, residential uses such as on/off and

pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home.
Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors
 TYPES OF VALVES

1)Globe valve

2)Gate valve

3)Plug valve
4)Ball valve
5) Needle valve
6)Butterfly valve
7) Diaphragm valve
8)Pinch valve
9)Check valve
10) Safety/relief valve
Globe Valve

A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve which opens by

lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid.

Application

Globe valves are usually used in applications where constant flow of

fluid is not required. Even when the valve is fullv open, the baffle can
sometimes restrict fluid flow. The valves are usually used as sample
valves i.e. opened only when a sample of a fluid is needed.
GATE VALVE

A gate valve is generally used to completely shut off fluid flow or, in
the fully open position, provide full flow in a pipeline. Thus it is used
either in the fully closed or fully open positions. A gate valve consists
of a valve body, seat and disc, a spindle, gland, and a wheel for
operating the valve.

APPLICATIONS

Gate valves are used in many industrial applications including the oil
and gas industry, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, automotive, and
marine. Non-rising stem gate valves are very popular on ships, in
underground applications, or where vertical space is limited because
they don't take up extra space. Gate valves can be used in
demanding environments such as high temperature and high
pressure environments. They are often seen in power plants, water
treatments, mining, and offshore applications.

ADVANTAGES
THE FLUID RESISTANCE IS SMALL
THE TORQUE REQUIRED FOR OPENING AND CLOSING IS SMALL
DISADVANTAGE
Generally, gate valves have two sealing surfaces, which add some
difficulties to processing, grinding and maintenance.
The opening and closing time is long.
PLUG VALVE

Plug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically tapered "plugs"

which can be rotated inside the valve body to control flow through
the valve.

APPLICATIONS

Plug valves are highly effective as tight shut-off & on valves, which is
better suited for the use with the hazardous liquids & gas corrosive
in nature. Valve Suppliers and Valve Manufacturers ensure that that
the plug valves are used in the following applications:

Oil piping systems

High-pressure & Extreme temperature flow systems

Chemical servicing

Corrosive substances processing

Ball Valve

A Ball valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve that uses a ball-

shaped disk to stop or start the flow. Most ball valves are quick-
acting, requiring a 90° turn of the valve handle to operate the valve.
The ball valve is Smaller and lighter than a gate valve of the same size
and rating.

APPLICATIONS

Ball Valves are mainly used for flow and pressure controlling
purposes and it acts as an shut off for corrosive fluids, scurries,
normal liquid and gases. Ball Valves are used in oil,natural gas
industries, manufacturing sectors, chemical storage, and even for
residential uses.

Butterfly Valve

A Butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve used to stop,

regulate, and start the flow. The butterfly valve has a short circular
body. Butterfly Valve is suitable for large valve applications due to its
compact, lightweight design that requires considerably less space
than other valves.
APPLICATIONS
Independently on the applications, the butterfly valve is used to
interrupt the flow of a product. The main applications of these types
of valves are in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industry or in
the water flow control in dams and hydroelectric power plants. In
the latter two applications, butterfly valves are either used with a
control function or a protection function.
These valves are used with a control function in the regulation of the
water intake at the bottom of outlet lines on the water side of dams
or in gravity lines leading to hydro-power plants.
Alternatively, these valves are used as a safety protection to allow
maintenance to other sections of the site of the dam or the power
plant thanks to their on-off effect to the water flow. More
specifically, butterfly valves are frequently exploited as a protection
for the penstock, the turbine and the water discharge line.

ADVANTAGE
It has simple structure, small volume, light weight and low
consumption, and is not used in large caliber valve.
The opening and closing are quick, and the flow resistance is small.
DISADVANTAGE
The flow regulation range is not large, when the opening reaches
30%, the flow will enter more than 95%.
Due to the limitation of butterfly valve structure and sealing material,
it is not suitable for high temperature and high pressure pipeline.

CONCLUSION
In order to control the speed in both directions, flow control valves
are connected to the inlets on both sides of the cylinder. The
direction of the flow control valve is opposite to that of the release
of air by the flow control valve of the single acting cylinder.
Compared to the throttle inlet, the flow control valve is tougher and
more stable. Connecting the circuit in this way allows the input of
sufficient air pressure and energy to drive the piston

REFERENCES
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