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Geometry I Assignment
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GEOMETRY ASSIGNMENT 1
GEOMETRY
LEVEL – 1
ANGLE CHASING
1. Of the three angles of a triangle, one is twice the smallest and another is three times the smallest.
Find the angles.
2. The sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are produced to P and Q respectively. If the
1
bisectors of ∠PBC and ∠QCB intersects at Ia then prove that BlaC = 90 A
2
3. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AO and BO are the bisectors of ∠A and ∠B respectively, prove that
1
∠AOB = C D
2
4. Can two internal angle bisector in a triangle be perpendicular?
5. The interior angle of a n sided regular polygon is 48° more than the interior angle of a regular
hexagon. Find n.
6. If all exterior angles of a polygon are obtuse then find the number of sides of the polygon.
7. In the adjacent diagram, Find ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F + ∠G.
8. In ∆ABC, AB = AC. D is a point on BC such that AB = CD. E on AB such that DE ⊥ AB. Prove that
2∠ADE = 3∠B.
9. In ∆ABC, the angle bisectors of the exterior angles of ∠A and ∠B intersect opposite sides CB
produced and AC produced at D and E respectively, and AD = AB = BE. Then find angle A.
10. The sum of all interior angles of a convex n-sided polygon is less than 2007°. Find the maximum
value of n
GEOMETRY 2
11. (CHINA/1997) In a right angled ABC, ACB = 90° , E, F are on AB such that AE = AC, BF =
BC, find the ECF in degrees.
12. (AHSME/1978) In ADE, ADE = 140° . The points B and C are on the sides AD and AE
respectively. If AB = BC = CD = DE, then EAD, in degrees, is
(a) 5° (b) 6° (c) 7.5° (d) 8° (d) 10°
13. (AHSME/1977) In ABC, AB = AC, A = 80°. If the points D, E, F are on the sides BC, CA and
AB respectively, such that CE = CD; BF = BD, then EDF , in degrees, is
(a) 30° (b) 40°
(c) 50° (d) 65° (e) None of preceding
14. (AHSME/1996) Triangles ABC and ABD are isosceles with AB = AC = BD, and AC intersects BD
at E. If AC is perpendicular to BD, then C + D is
(a) 115° (b) 120°
(c) 130° (d) 135° (e) not uniquely
15. In ABC, AB = AC, D, E, F are on AB, BC, CA such that DE = EF = FD. Prove that DEB = 1/2
(ADF + CFE)
CONGRUENCY & INEQUALITY
16. In ABC, D and E are midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively. If the perpendiculars at D and
E to the sides AB and AC meet at O, prove that OA = OB = OC.
17. If two straight line segments AB and CD bisect each other at right angles, show that the sides of a
quadrilateral ACBD are all equal.
18. ABC and DBC are two triangles on the same base BC and on the same side of it such that BA =CD
and BD = CA. If AC and BD meet at O. prove that OBA is congruent to OCD
19. If in a parallelogram ABCD, the diagonal AC bisects A then prove that ABCD is a rhombus.
20. Show how to find point D and E on the side AB, AC of ABC such tat DE||BC and DE = BD
21. Let ABCDE be regular pentagon. If the internal angular bisectors of angles A and B meet O. Prove
that OC,OD, OE also bisect angles C, D and E.
22. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which diagonals bisect each other. Show B and D are equidistant from
AC.
23. If two triangles are congruent prove that the straight lines joining the vertices to the midpoints of
their bases are equal.
GEOMETRY 3
24. AU is the bisector of BAC and SUT is drawn perpendicular to AU meeting AB and AC at S and T
respectively. Prove that ASU is congruent to ATU.
25. Equilateral triangles ABX and ACY are described on sides AB, AC of a ABC externally to ABC.
Prove that CX = BY.
26. ABCD is a parallelogram and O is any point. The parallelograms OAEB, OBFC, OCGD and ODHA
are completed. Show that EFGH is a parallelogram
27. Through C the midpoint of a straight line segment AB, a straight line is drawn. Perpendiculars AD
and BE are dropped upon it from A and B. Prove that AD = BE.
28. AB and CD are two straight lines meeting at O and XY is another straight line. Show that in general
two points can be found in XY which are equidistant from AB and CD. When is there only one such
point?
29. ABC is an isosceles triangle. The base BC is produced on either side to D and E so that BD = CE.
Prove that AD = AE
30. If the hypotenuse AC of a right angled ABC is of length 2AB. Prove that BAC = 2ACB.
31. ABC is an isosceles triangle having B = ∠C = 2∠A. If BD bisecting B meets AC in D, prove that
AD = BC.
32. In ABC, ACB = 60°, BAC = 75°, AD BC at D, BE AC at E, AD intersects BE at H. Find
CHD in degrees.
33. In the figure, given that in ∆ABC, AB = AC, D is on AB and E is on the extension of AC such that
BD = CE. The segment DE intersects BC at G. Prove that DG = GE
34. In a given quadrilateral ABCD, AB = AD, ∠BAD = 60°, ∠BCD = 120°. Prove that BC + DC = AC.
35. ABCD is a square. C' is a point on BA and B' is a point on AD such that BB' and CC' are
perpendicular. Show that AB'B and BC'C are congruent.
GEOMETRY 4
36. ABC is a triangle and O is any point in it. Prove that BOC > BAC
37. In quadrilateral PQRS, diagonals intersect at O. Show that
(i) PQ + QR + RS + SP > PR + QS
(ii) PQ + QR + RS + SP < 2 (PR + QS)
38. In ∆ABC, AD ⊥ BC if DC > DB prove that AC > AB.
39. Given that the lengths of three sides, a, b, c of a triangle are positive integers, where a < b < c. Find
the number of the triangles with b = 2.
40. In a right-angled triangle, if the length of a leg is 21, and the lengths of the other two sides are also
positive integers, find the minimum value of its possible perimeter
MID POINT, BPT and SIMILARITY
41. Prove that in any quadrilateral, the midpoints of the sides form the vertices of a parallelogram.
42. Suppose the straight line AB is bisected at C and the perpendiculars AX, BY, CZ are drawn to any
straight line OP. Prove that
(i) If A, B are on the same side of OP, then 2CZ = AX + BY
(ii) If A, B are on the opposite sides of OP, then 2CZ = difference of AX and BY
43. Let X be the midpoint of the side AB of ABC. Let Y be the midpoint of CX. Let BY cut AC at Z,
Prove that AZ = 2ZC.
44. Prove that the mid-point of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equidistant from all its
vertices.
GEOMETRY 5
45. (CHINA/1997) ABCD is a quadrilateral with AD || BC. If the angle bisector of DAB intersects CD
at E, and BE bisects ABC, prove that AB = AD + BC.
46. Let ABCD is a parallelogram. X is mid-point of AB. DX intersect AC at Y. Prove that AC=3AY.
47. In figure DE || BC and CD || EF. Prove that AD2 = AB×AF
48. Let ABCD be a parallelogram and P be any point on AC. The line XPY|| DA meets DC at X and AB
at Y. Again the line QPR ||DC meets AD at Q and BC at R. Prove that PX.PQ = PY .PR
(ii) Take AD = a, AB = b, XP = x and QP = y. Show that x/a + y/b = l
49. ABCD is a trapezium with AB||CD. If the diagonals meet at O, prove that AO : OC = BO : OD.
50. ABCD is a parallelogram X divides AB in the ratio 3 :2 and Y divides CD in the ratio 4 :1. If XY
cuts AC at Z, prove that 7AZ = 3AC.
51. ABCD is a trapezium with AB||CD and AB = 2CD. If the diagonals meet at O, then prove that 3AO
= 2AC. If AD and BC meet at F, then prove that AD = DF.
52. (CHNMOL/1991) ABCD is a trapezium with AB || CD and AB < DC. AC and BD intersect at E, EF
|| AB, intersecting BC at F . Given that AB = 20; CD = 80; BC = 100, then EF is
(A) 10, (B) 12, (C) 16, (D) 18.
53. P is any point with ABC. Q is a point outside ABC such that CBQ = ABP and BCQ =
BAP. Show that the triangles PBQ and ABC are similar.
GEOMETRY 6
54. (CHINA/1990) In the isosceles right triangles ABC, B = 90°, AD is the median on BC. Write AB =
BC = a. If BE AD, intersecting AC at E, and EF BC at F then EF is
1 1 2 2
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) a
3 2 3 5
55. (CHINA/1997) ABC is an isosceles right triangle with C = 90°,M, N are on AB such that MCN =
45°.Write AM = m, MN = x, BN = n. Then the triangle formed by taking x, m, n as the lengths of it
three sides is
(a) An acute triangle (b) A right triangle
(c) An obtuse triangle (d) Not determined
56. In ABC, D is the midpoint of BC, E is on AC such that AC = 3EC. BE and AD intersect at G. Find
AG:GD.
57. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || CD and the diagonals meets at O. If XOY ||AB meets AD and BC at
X and Y then prove that XO = OY.
58. ABCD is a parallelogram. A straight line through A meets BD at X, BC at Y and DC at Z. Prove that
AX : XZ = AY : AZ
59. In an isosceles ABC, the bisectors of the base angles B and C meet the opposite sides at E and F
respectively. Prove that FE || BC
60. If A’ is the midpoint of BC and if the internal bisectors of AA’B and AA’C meet AB and AC at P
and Q respectively. Prove that PQ ||BC.
61. ABC is triangle with AB > AC. The bisector of A meets BC at U and D is the midpoint of BC.
Prove that DU : DB = (AB - AC) : (AB + AC)
AF AC
62. In ABC, BE and CF are the angular bisector of ∠B and ∠C meeting at I. Prove that
FI Cl
63. If in quadrilateral ABCD, AC BD, show that AB2 + CD2 = BC2 + DA2
64. (CHINA/1195) In ∆ABC, A = 90°, AB = AC, D is a point on BC. Prove that BD2 + CD2 = 2AD2
65. Given that Right angle ∆ABC has a perimeter of 30 cm and an area of 30 cm 2. Find the lengths of its
three sides.
GEOMETRY 7
66. In the right triangle ABC, C = 90°, E & D are points on AC and BC respectively. Prove that AD2 +
BE2 = AB2 + DE2
67. ABC is a right angled triangle right angled at A. AD is the altitude through A, E is a point on AC such
that AE= CD and F is a point on AB such AF = BD. Prove that BE = CF
68. In right angled ABC, C = 90°, E is on BC such that AC = BE. D is on AB such that DE BC.
Given that DE + BC = 1, BD = ½, find B in degrees
AREA
69. ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of CD. Prove that area of ADE = 1/4 the area of
parallelogram ABCD.
(ii) Consider the family R of parallelograms on equal bases whose areas are all equal. Prove that
in R that which is a rectangle has the least perimeter.
70. (i) If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are given, show that its area is greatest when the angle
between the sides is a right angle.
(ii) ABC is a fixed triangle. P is any point on the same side of BC as that of A such that PAB and
ABC have equal areas. Find the locus of P.
71. (CHINA/1996) Let the heights on three sides of ABC ha, hb, hc respectively and 2b = a + c. Prove
2 1 1
that
hb ha hc
72. If ABC and XYZ are two triangles such that AB : BC = XY : YZ and the angles B and Y are
supplementary prove that [ABC]/[XYZ] = AB2/XY2
73. (i) In the given figure, what is the ratio of the areas of the two shaded triangles?
(ii) In the given figure, what is the ratio of the shaded area to the area of one of the five
congruent triangles?
GEOMETRY 8
LEVEL II
1. Given a quadrilateral ABCD, E is a point on AD. F is a point inside ABCD such that CF, EF bisects
1
∠ACB and ∠BED respectively. Prove that CFE 90 CAD CBE
2
2. (CHINA/1998) In triangle ABC, A = 96°. Extend BC to an arbitrary point D. The angle bisectors
of angle ABC and ACD intersect at A1, and the angle bisectors of A1BC and A1CD intersect
at A2 and so on. The angle bisectors of is A4BC and A4CD intersect at A5. Find the size of A5
in degrees.
3. The difference between two angles of a triangles is 24°. All angles are numerically double digits.
Find the number of possible values of third angle.
4. Two regular octagons and one square completely cover the part of a plane around a point without
any overlapping shown in the figure. Find all the other possible combinations of three regular
polygons, two of which are congruent and one different.
5. Quadrilateral ABCD has ∠BDA = ∠CDB = 50°, ∠DAC = 20° and ∠CAB = 80°. Find angles ∠BCA
and ∠DBC.
6. Given BE and CF are the altitudes of the ABC. P, Q are on BE and the extension of CF
respectively, such that BP = AC, CQ = AB, Prove that AP ⊥ AQ.
7. In the square ABCD, E is the mid-point of AD, BD and CE intersect at F. Prove that AF ⊥ BE
8. Each side of square ABCD has length 1 unit. Points P and Q belong to AB and DA, respectively.
Find ∠PCQ if the perimeter of ∆APQ is 2 units. The square is shown in the figure.
GEOMETRY 9
9. In the figure, ABD and BEC are both equilateral with A, B, C being collinear, M and N are
midpoints of AE and CD respectively, AE intersects BD at G and CD intersects BE at H. Prove that
(i) ∆MBN is equilateral, (ii) GH || AC.
10. Squares ABDE and BCFG are drawn outside of triangle ABC. Prove that triangle ABC is isosceles if
DG is parallel to AC. [Leningrad MO, 1988]
11. In ∆ABC, If AD, BE, CF are the medians then prove that
3
AB BC CA AD BE CF AB BC CA
4
12. As shown in the figure, in ∆ABC, D is the mid-point of BC, ∠EDF = 90°, DE intersects
AB at E and DF intersects AC at F. Prove that BE + CF > EF
13. If the lengths of three sides of a triangle are consecutive positive integers, and its perimeter is less
than or equal to 100, how many such acute triangles are there?
14. Let each side of the triangle is a prime number and divisor of 2001. Find the number of such
triangles.
15. If a, b, c be the sides of a triangle prove that a , b and c will also represents sides of a triangle.
16. Find a point P, inside a convex quadrilateral ABCD, such that PA + PB + PC + PD is minimum.
GEOMETRY 10
17. (i) Prove that in a convex quadrilateral ABCD, max{AB + CD, AD + BC} < AC + BD <
AB + BC + CD + DA.
(ii) Also prove that if, AB + BD ≤ AC + CD, then AB < AC
18. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane. Find P on the line such
that AP + PB is minimum. Give your answer in two cases separately A, B on same side of the line or
on opposite side of the line.
19. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane such that AB not
perpendicular to line l. Find P on the line such that |AP - PB| is minimum. Give your answer in two
cases separately A, B on same side of the line or opposite side of the line.
20. In an acute angle there is a fixed point A, locate points B and C, one on each arm of the angle such
that perimeter of the ∆ABC be minimum.
21. Let A, B, C be an acute angled triangle in which, D, E, F are points on BC, CA, AB
respectively, such that AD ⊥ BC, AE = EC, CF bisects ∠C internally. Suppose CF meets AD and DE
in M and N respectively. If FM = 2, MN = 1, NC = 3, show that the perimeter and area of this
triangle are equal numerically.
22. ABCD is a rectangle, E is the mid-point of AD. F is the mid-point of EC. [ABCD] = 120 cm 2; FIND
[BDF]
23. P is a variable point on a given straight line and A is a fixed pint. Q is a point on AP or AP produce
such that AQ : AP = constant. Find the locus of Q.
24. In the trapezium ABCD, AD || BC; B = 30, c = 60°, E; M; F; N are the midpoints of AB; BC;
CD; DA respectively. Given that BC = 7; MN = 3. Find EF.
25. (CHINA/2000) Given that AD is the median on BC of ABC, E is a point on AD such that AE =1/3
AD. The line CE intersects AB at F. If AF = 1.2cm. Find the length of AB.
26. ABCD is a rectangle with AD = 2; AB = 4. P is on AB such that AP : P B = 2 : 1, CE DP at E.
Find CE.
GEOMETRY 11
27. Given that three congruent squares ABEG; GEFH; HFCD are of side a. Prove that AFE + ACE =
45°
28. OA, OB, OC are three given line segments and P is any point on OC. If PM and PN are the
perpendiculars from P on OA and OB respectively, prove that PM : PN is a constant.
29. ABC is a triangle and DAE is a straight line parallel to BC such that DA = AE. If CD meets AB at X
and BE meets AC at Y, prove that XY ||BC
30. Given four points A, B, C, D in a straight line, find a point O in the same straight line such that OA :
OB = OC : OD
31. (i) If in triangles ABC and DEF, we have A = D and AB : DE = BC : EF. Then prove that C =
F or C + F = 180°
(ii) In two obtuse angled triangles, an acute angle of the one is equal to an angle of the other, and also
the sides about the other acute angles are proportional. Prove that the triangles are similar.
32. ABCD and AECF are two parallelograms and side EF is parallel to AD. Suppose AF and DE meet at
X and BF, CE meet at Y, then prove that XY||AB
33. In ∆ABC, AB=c, BC=a, CA=b.
(i) If the bisector of A in ABC meets BC at D, prove that BD = ac/ (b+c) and DC = ab/(b+c)
(ii) If the external bisector of A in ABC with AB > AC meets BC produced at D’ prove that BD’
= ac/(c-b) and CD’ = ab/(c-b)
(iii) Prove that DD’ = 2abc/(c2 –b2)
34. From A, perpendicular AX, AY are drawn to the bisectors of the exterior angles of B and C of
ABC. Prove that XY||BC
35. ABC is a triangle right angled at A; AP and AQ meet BC or BC produced in P and Q and are equally
inclined to AB. Show that BP : BQ = PC : CQ
36. In ABC, we have AB > AC. If A’ is the midpoint of BC, AD is the altitude through A and if the
internal and external bisectors of A meet BC and X and X’ respectively. Prove that
(a) A’X = a(c-b)/2(c+b)
(b) A’X’ = a(c+b)/2(c–b)
(c) A’D = (c2 – b2)/2a
37. In the right triangle ABC, C = 90°, BC = 12 cm, AC = 6 cm, the perpendicular bisector of AB
intersects AB and BC at D and E respectively. Find CE.
GEOMETRY 12
38. (CHNMOL/1993) When extending the sides AB, BC, CA of ABC to B', C', A' respectively, such
that AB'= 2AB, CC' = 2BC, AA' = 3CA. If area of ABC is 1, find the area of A'B'C'
39. (CHINA/2000) In ABC, D, E, F are on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively, such that AD, BE and
CF are concurrent at a point G, BD = 2CD, the areas S1 = |GEC| = 3 ,S2 = |GCD| =4. Find the area of
ABC
40. (AIME/1988) Let P be an interior point of triangle ABC and extend lines from the vertices through P
to the opposite sides. Let a, b, c, and d denote the lengths of the segments indicated in the figure
below. Find the product abc, if a + b + c = 43 and d = 3.
41. (CHNMOL/1998) In the isosceles right triangle ABC, AB = 1; A = 90°, E is the midpoint of leg
AC. The point F is on the base BC such that EF BE. Find the area of CEF
42. (IMO/Shortlist/1989) In the convex quadrilateral ABCD, the midpoints of BC and AD are E and F
respectively. Prove that [EDA] + [FBC] = [ABCD].
43. (AIME/1984) A point P is chosen in the interior of ABC such that when lines are drawn through P
parallel to the sides of ABC, the resulting smaller triangles t1,t2 and t3 in the figure, have areas 4,9
and 49 respectively. Find the area of ABC.
44. In ABC, D, E, F are points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Also A, B, C are points on YZ,
ZX, XY of ∆XYZ respectively for which EF || YZ, FD || ZX, DE || XY. Prove that area of [ABC] 2 =
[DEF]. [XYZ]
45. InABC, find points X, Y, Z on AB, BC, CA such that AXYZ is a rhombus. Show that
1
AXYZ ABC
2
GEOMETRY 13
46. In rectangle ABCD, G and H are trisection points of AD, and E and F are trisection points of BC. If
AB = 360 and BC = 450, compute the area of PQRS.
BD CE AF m
47. Let D, E, F be points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively such that .
DC EA FB n
Prove that if AD, BE and CF are joined then they will form a triangle by their intersections, whose
area is to that of the triangle ABC as (m–n)2/(m2 + mn + n2)
LEVEL III
1. There are four points A; B; C; D on the plane, such that any three points are not collinear. Prove that
in the triangles ABC; ABD; ACD and BCD there is at least one triangle which has an interior angle
not greater than 45
2. Prove that a convex polygon cannot have more than three acute internal angles.
3. Prove that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors form an
equilateral triangle.
4. (AHSME/1961) In ABC, AB = BC. The points P and Q are on the sides BC and AB respectively,
such that AC = AP = PQ = QB. Then the size of B (in degrees) is
5 1
(a) 25 (b) 26
7 3
(c) 30 (d) 40 (e) not determined
5. (CHINA/1991) In ∆ABC, A = 70°, D is on the side AC, and the angle bisector of A intersects
BD at H and BC at E, such that AH : HE = 3 : 1 and BH : HD = 5 : 3. Then C in degrees is
(a) 45° (b) 55° (c) 75° (d) 80°
GEOMETRY 14
6. (MOSCOW/1952) In ABC, AC = BC, C = 20°, M is on the side AC and N on the side BC, such
that BAN = 50°, ABM = 60°. Find NMB in degrees.
7. Prove that, in n point star sum of all the angles at its vertices is (n-4 ) × 180°
8. The interior angles of a convex polygon are in Arithmetic Progression. The smallest interior angle is
120° and common difference is 5°. Find the number of sides.
9. Three regular polygons have one vertex in common and just fill the whole space at that vertex. If the
1 1 1 1
number of sides of the polygons are a, b, c respectively, prove that Also find all
a b c 2
possible (a, b, c) with a ≤ b ≤ c
10. ABC is equilateral, D is an inner point of ABC and P is a point outside ABC such that AD = BD;
AB = BP , and BD bisects CBP . Find BPD.
11. Given that the side of the square ABCD is 1, points P and Q are on AB and AD respectively, such
that the perimeter of DAPQ is 2. Find PCQ in degrees by use of congruence of triangles.
12. (CHINA/1999) In the square ABCD, AB = 8, Q is the midpoint of the side CD. Let DAQ = a. On
CD take a point P such that BAP = 2a. If AP = 10, find CP
13. (CHINA/1992) In the pentagon ABCDE, ABC = AED = 90°; AB = CD = AE = BC + DE = 1.
Find the area of ABCDE.
14. (CHINA/1996) Given that the segment BD is on a line l . On one side of l take a point C and
construct two squares ABCK and CDEF respectively outside the DCBD. Let M be the midpoint of
the segment AE, prove that the position of M is independent of the choice of the position of C.
15. (CHINA/1998) In Rt ABC, C = 90°,CD ^ AB at D, AF bisects A, intersects CD and CB at E
and F respectively. If EG is parallel to AB, intersecting CB at G, prove that CF = GB
16. ‘O’ is the circumcentre of ∆ABC. M is the mid-point of the median through A. Join OM
and produce it to N such that OM = MN. Show that, N lies on the altitude through A.
17. In ABC, ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 80°. The point P is on AB such that ∠BPC = 30°.Prove that AP = BC.
18. D is an inner point of an equilateral ∆ABC satisfying ∠ADC = 150°. Prove that the triangle formed
by taking the segments AD, BD, CD as its three sides is a right triangle.
19. If the perimeter of a triangles 17 and the lengths of its three sides are all positive integers, find the
number of such triangle.
20. An ant sits on one vertex of a solid cube. Find the shortest path on the surface to reach opposite
vertex.
GEOMETRY 15
21. An ant sits on the circumference of a right circular cone. Without changing its sense of motion about
the axis of cone, it completes one round trip and reaches the starting point. Find the shortest possible
path. The semi vertical angle of cone is 𝜭.
22. An ant sits at P, on the circumference of a right circular cone of semi-vertical angle such that
1
sin1 Without changing its sense of motion about the axis of cone, it completes one round trip
4
and reaches on the line OP where ‘O’ is the vertex of the cone. Find the shortest possible path
23. Given that ABCD is a quadrilateral, E and F are midpoints of the sides AD and BC of ABCD.
Suppose that AB ≠ CD. Prove that EF < 1/2 (AB + CD)
24. In a square ABCD, let O be the intersection point of the diagonals AC and BD. Let the angle bisector
of ∠CAB intersect BD at E and BC at F. Prove that 2OE = CF
25. In ABC, let E be the midpoint of BC and let D be the foot of the altitude from A to BC. Suppose
AB = 2DE. Prove that B = 2C
26. In the ABC, BE is the angle bisector of the ABC, AD is the median on the side BC, and AD
intersects BE at O perpendicularly. Given BE = AD = 4, find the lengths of three sides of ABC
27. Show that there is a unique triangle, whose side lengths are consecutive integers and
one of whose angles is twice the other.
28. Find the angle x in adjacent figure.
29. (CHINA/1993) ABC is equilateral, D is on BC such that CD = 2BD. If CH ^ AD at H, prove that
DBH = DAB
30. In ABC, A = 2B. Prove that AC2 + AB.AC = BC2
31. (APMO/1993) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral such that all sides have equal length and angle ABC is
60° Let l be a line passing through D and not intersecting the quadrilateral
(Except at D). Let E and F be the points of intersection of l with AB and BC respectively. Let M be
the point of intersection of CE and AF. Prove that CA2 = CM.CE.
32. (CHINA/1979) in a RTABC, C = 90°, BE is the angle bisector of B, CD ^ AB at D and CD
intersects BE at O. Through O introduce FG || AB such that FG intersects AC; BC at F; G
respectively. Prove that AF = CE.
33. (CHINA/1998) In the quadrilateral ABCD, AC and BD intersect at O, the line l is parallel to BD,
intersecting the extensions of AB; DC; BC; AD and AC at the points M; N; R; S and P respectively.
Prove that PM . PN = PR . PS.
GEOMETRY 16
34. (CHINA/1996) Given that P is an inner point of the equilateral triangle ABC, such that PA = 2, PB =
2 3 ,PC = 4. Find the length of the side of ABC.
35. (CHINA/1996) ABCD is a rectangle, P is an inner point of the rectangle such that P A = 3; PB = 4;
PC = 5, find PD.
36. Determine whether such a right-angled triangle exists: each side is an integer and one leg is a
multiple of the other leg of the right angle.
37. (CHINA/1998) ABCD is a rectangle. AD = 12; AB = 5. P is a point on AD, PE ^ BD at E,
PF ^ AC at F. Find PE + PF
38. (CHINA/1996) Given that the point P is outside the equilateral triangle ABC but inside the region of
ABC. If the distances from P to BC, CA, AB are h1, h2 and h3 respectively, and
h1 – h2 + h3 =6 find the area of ABC.
39. (CHINA/1958) Let AD, BE, CF be the three angle bisectors of the triangle ABC, prove that the ratio
2abc
of area of DEF to area of ABC is equal to , where a = BC, b= CA and c = AB
a bb c c a
40. In a trapezium ABCD, AD || BC, the extensions of BA and CD intersect at E. Make EF || BD where
EF intersects the extension of CB at F. On the extension of BC take G such that
CG = BF. Prove EG || AC.
41. (JAPAN/1991) Given that G is the centroid of ABC, GA = 2 3, GB 2 2 , GC 2 . Find the area
of ABC.
42. (Ceva’s Theorem) P is an inner point of ABC. Extend the lines AP; BP; CP to intersect the opposite
BD CE AF
side at D; E; F respectively, then . . 1
DC EA FB
43. (AIME/1992) In triangle ABC, A’, B’ and C’ are on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Given
AO BO CO AO BO CO
that AA’, BB’ and CC’ are concurrent at point O, and 92 find . .
OA ' OB OC' OA ' OB' OC'
44. (AIME/1989) Point P is inside ∆ABC. Line segments APD; BPE, and CPF are drawn with D on
BC, E on CA, and F on AB (see the figure below). Given that AP = 6; BP = 9; P D = 6; PE = 3,
and CF = 20. Find the area of ∆ABC.
GEOMETRY 17
45. P is in the interior of ∆ABC. The lines AP, BP, CP meet the opposite sides BC, CA, AB in D, E, and
F respectively.
AP BP CP
6
(i) PD PE PF
(II) When does the equality hold?
GEOMETRY 18
LEVEL I
1. 30, 60, 90 5. 30 6. 3 7. 540 9. 36 10. 13 11. 45
12. d 13. C 14. D 32. 45 39. Zero 40. 70 52. C
54. A 55. B 56. 4 65. 5, 12, 13 68. 30ᵒ 73. (i) 9/4 (ii) 3/2
LEVEL II
2. 3 3. 45 4. (12,12,3), (8,8,4), (5,5,10) 5. ∠BCA = 60°, ∠DBC = 10°.
8. 45° 13. 29 14. 7
16. Point of intersection of diagonals AC and BD
19. P is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisector of AB with the line in both cases.
22. 15cm2 24. 4 25. 6 26. 12/5 37. 4.5cm
38. 18 39. 30 40. 441 41. 1/24 43. 144 46. 4500
LEVEL III
4. a 5. b 6. 30 8. 9
9. (a,b,c) = (3,7,42), (3,8,24), (3,9,18), (3,10,15), (3,12,12), (4,5,20), (4,6,12), (4,8,8), (5,4,20), (5,5,10),
(6,4,12), (6,6,6)
10. 30 11. 45 12. 2 13. 1 19. 8 20.
21. 22. l 26. AB= , BC= , CA=
28. 20 34. 35. 36. No such triangle 37. 60/13
38. 41. 43. 94 44. 108
45. Equality hold, when p is at centroid.
GEOMETRY 19
LEVEL - I
ANGLE CHASING
1. Of the three angles of a triangle, one is twice the smallest and another is three times the smallest.
Find the angles.
Sol. Let smallest angle = x
ATQ angles are x,2x and 3x.
x+2x+3x=180 ⇒ x=30
Angles = 30,60,90
2. The sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are produced to P and Q respectively. If the
1
bisectors of ∠PBC and ∠QCB intersects at Ia then prove that BlaC = 90 A
2
Sol.
Bla bisects PBC and Cla bisects QCB
Let IaBP = IaBC = x and IaCB =IaCQ = y
ABC = 180° –2x and ACB = 180° – 2y
In ABC, A + B + C = 180°
A + 180° – 2X + 180° –2Y = 180°
x + y = 90° + 1/2 A
In BlaC, x y la 180
1
90 A la 180
2
GEOMETRY 20
1
la 180 90 A
2
1
BlaC 90 A
2
3. In a quadrilateral ABCD, AO and BO are the bisectors of ∠A and ∠B respectively, prove that
1
∠AOB = C D
2
Sol: In quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A + ∠B +∠C +∠D = 360°
2X + 2Y + C + D = 360°
1
x + y=180° C D
2
In AOB, x + y + 1 = 180°
1
180 C D 1 180
2
1
1 C D
2
4. Can two internal angle bisector in a triangle be perpendicular?
Sol.
We know that BIC = 90° +1/2 A
If BIC =90 then A=0 not possible.
GEOMETRY 21
5. The interior angle of a n sided regular polygon is 48° more than the interior angle of a regular
hexagon. Find n.
Sol.
n 2 180 48 6 2 180
n 6
n 2 180 168n
n 2 45 42n
3n 90 n 30
6. If all exterior angles of a polygon are obtuse then find the number of sides of the polygon.
Sol. Let no of sides = n
Each exterior angle grater than 90
Sum of angles > 90n
360 > 90n
n<4n=3
7. In the adjacent diagram, Find ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F + ∠G.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 22
A + G + B + P + Q = 540
A + G + b + C + D + E + F = 540 (as P = C + E and Q = D + F
8. In ∆ABC, AB = AC. D is a point on BC such that AB = CD. E on AB such that DE ⊥ AB. Prove that
2∠ADE = 3∠B.
Sol.
B = C = x & A = 180 – 2x
180 x x
CAD = ADC = 90
2 2
EDB = 90 – B = 90 –x
EDB + ADE + ADC = 180
x
90 – x + ADE + 90 – 180
2
2ADE = 3x = 3 B
9. In ∆ABC, the angle bisectors of the exterior angles of ∠A and ∠B intersect opposite sides CB
produced and AC produced at D and E respectively, and AD = AB = BE. Then find angle A.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 23
AB = BE ⇒ ∠E = ∠CAB = y
AB = AD ⇒ ∠D = ∠ABC = x
x
2y 90
In ∆ABE, 2
y
2x 90
In ∆ABD, 2
Solving these, we get
540
x 36
15
y = 36
10. The sum of all interior angles of a convex n-sided polygon is less than 2007°. Find the maximum
value of n
Sol. From (n–2) × 180 < 2007° we have n –2 < 12 i.e. n < 14. When n = 13, the sum of interior
angles of convex 13 –sided polygon is 11 × 180° = 1980°, so the maximum value of n is 13.
11. (CHINA/1997) In a right angled ABC, ACB = 90° , E, F are on AB such that AE = AC, BF =
BC, find the ECF in degrees.
Sol. From AE = AC and BC = BF, we have
AEC = 1/2 (180° – A) = 90° – 1/2 A,
BFC= 1/2 (180° – B) = 90° – 1/2 B,
Therefore
ECF = 180° – AEC – BFC
1
= A B 45
2
12. (AHSME/1978) In ADE, ADE = 140° . The points B and C are on the sides AD and AE
respectively. If AB = BC = CD = DE, then EAD, in degrees, is
(a) 5° (b) 6° (c) 7.5° (d) 8° (d) 10°
Sol.
GEOMETRY 24
Let x = BAC = BCA, y = CBD = CDB, z = DCE = CED, then
y = 2x, z = x + y = 3x (Exterior angle property)
In ∆ADE, x + 140° + z = 180°
140° + 4x = 180°,
x = 10°, i.e. EAD = 10°
13. (AHSME/1977) In ABC, AB = AC, A = 80°. If the points D, E, F are on the sides BC, CA and
AB respectively, such that CE = CD; BF = BD, then EDF , in degrees, is
(a) 30° (b) 40°
(c) 50° (d) 65° (e) None of preceding
Sol. From A = 80° and AB = AC, we have B = C = 50°. Then
CDE = 1/2 (180° – 50°) = 65°
FDB = 1/2 (180° – 50°) = 65°
EDF = 180° – 2 × 65° = 50°
The answer is (C)
14. (AHSME/1996) Triangles ABC and ABD are isosceles with AB = AC = BD, and AC intersects BD
at E. If AC is perpendicular to BD, then C + D is
(a) 115° (b) 120°
(c) 130° (d) 135° (e) not uniquely
Sol In ABC and ABD since AB = AC = BD, we have
1
C 180 BAC ,
2
1
D 180 DBA ,
2
1
C D 180 BAC DBA
2
GEOMETRY 25
Q BAC + DBA = 90°
C + D = 180° – 45° = 135°
The answer is (D)
15. In ABC, AB = AC, D, E, F are on AB, BC, CA such that DE = EF = FD. Prove that DEB = 1/2
(ADF + CFE)
Sol. ADE = B + DEB
ADF + 60 = C + DEB [ B = C]
ADF + 60 = (FEB – EFC) + DEB
ADF + 60 = DEB + 60 – EFC + DEB
2DEB = ADF + EFC
CONGRUENCY & INEQUALITY
16. In ABC, D and E are midpoints of the sides AB and AC respectively. If the perpendiculars at D and
E to the sides AB and AC meet at O, prove that OA = OB = OC.
Sol
OD ar bisector of AB
OA = OB &
OE ar bisector of AC
OA = OC
⇒ OA = OC = OB
17. If two straight line segments AB and CD bisect each other at right angles, show that the sides of a
quadrilateral ACBD are all equal.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 26
AB ar bisector of CD
AB = AD
BC = BD
Similarly CD ar bisector of AB
AD = BD
& AC = BC
AC = BC = AD = BD
18. ABC and DBC are two triangles on the same base BC and on the same side of it such that BA =CD
and BD = CA. If AC and BD meet at O. prove that OBA is congruent to OCD
Sol.
ABC DCB Bysss
A = D
AOB & COD
AOB = COB [VO]
AB = CD
A = D
By AAS
AOB DOC
GEOMETRY 27
19. If in a parallelogram ABCD, the diagonal AC bisects A then prove that ABCD is a rhombus.
Sol.
As AB||CD
y = x (alternate interior angles]
AD = CD
AB = BC = CD = AD [as AD = BC & AB = CD]
20. Show how to find point D and E on the side AB, AC of ABC such tat DE||BC and DE = BD
Sol. from diagram it is clear that point E, we get from angle bisector of B
21. Let ABCDE be regular pentagon. If the internal angular bisectors of angles A and B meet O. Prove
that OC,OD, OE also bisect angles C, D and E.
Sol.
AOB COB By SAS
OCB 54
GEOMETRY 28
OCD 54
OC is bisect angle
Similarly we can prove the remaining
22. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which diagonals bisect each other. Show B and D are equidistant from
AC.
Sol.
Since its diagonal bisect each other. ABCD is a parallelogram. Consider the following figure
Essentially, we have to show that BF = DE compare BFG with DEG
1. BG = GD (diagonals bisect each other)
2. BGF = DGE (vertically opposite angles)
3. 1 = 2 (alternate interior angles)
By the ASA criterion the two triangles are congruent, which means that BF =DE. Thus, B and D
are equidistance from AC
23. If two triangles are congruent prove that the straight lines joining the vertices to the midpoints of
their bases are equal.
Sol.
Let ABC PQR
& D & S are mid points of BC & QR
BC QR
AB = PQ; BD = QS
2 2
GEOMETRY 29
B Q
By SAS
ABD PQS
AD = PS [CPCT]
24. AU is the bisector of BAC and SUT is drawn perpendicular to AU meeting AB and AC at S and T
respectively. Prove that ASU is congruent to ATU.
Sol.
1 = 2
AUS = AUT
AU = AU
AUS AUT
25. Equilateral triangles ABX and ACY are described on sides AB, AC of a ABC externally to ABC.
Prove that CX = BY.
Sol.
AX = AB
AY = AC
XAC = 60 + A = BAY
XAC YAB
XC = BY [CPCT]
GEOMETRY 30
26. ABCD is a parallelogram and O is any point. The parallelograms OAEB, OBFC, OCGD and ODHA
are completed. Show that EFGH is a parallelogram
Sol.
OA = DH = EB [||gm property]
DG = DC = BF [|| gm property]
OA || DH || EB
OC || DG || BF
HDG = EBF
EBF HDG
HG = EF
Similarly FG = HE
ERGH is a ||gm
27. Through C the midpoint of a straight line segment AB, a straight line is drawn. Perpendiculars AD
and BE are dropped upon it from A and B. Prove that AD = BE.
Sol.
ACD = BCE [V.O]
AC = BC [C is mid point]
D = E = 90°
By AAS
ACD BCE
AD = BE [CPCT]
GEOMETRY 31
28. AB and CD are two straight lines meeting at O and XY is another straight line. Show that in general
two points can be found in XY which are equidistant from AB and CD. When is there only one such
point?
Sol.
Any point equidistance from AB & CD lies on angle bisectors of BOD and BOC
In general XY cut bisectors at two points.
For one point XY must be parallel to one of the bisectors.
29. ABC is an isosceles triangle. The base BC is produced on either side to D and E so that BD = CE.
Prove that AD = AE
Sol.
ABD = ACE = 180 – x
AB = AC & BD = CE
ABD ACE By SAS
AD = AE
30. If the hypotenuse AC of a right angled ABC is of length 2AB. Prove that BAC = 2ACB.
Sol. Extend AB to D , such that BD = BA
ABC DBC [By SAS]
GEOMETRY 32
CD = AC = 2x [C.P.C.T]
AD = CD = AC
∆ADC is equilateral ∆
A = 60 & ACB = 30
31. ABC is an isosceles triangle having B = ∠C = 2∠A. If BD bisecting B meets AC in D, prove that
AD = BC.
Sol.
DAB = DBA = x
AD = BD …(I)
BDC = x + x [Exterior angle properties]
BDC = DCB = 2x
BD = BC …(II)
FROM (1) & (2)
AD = BC
32. In ABC, ACB = 60°, BAC = 75°, AD BC at D, BE AC at E, AD intersects BE at H. Find
CHD in degrees.
Sol.
ABC = 180° – 75° – 60° = 45°, we have BAD = 45°,
Therefore AD = BD. Since
HBD = 90° – ACB = CAD,
We have HBD CAD (ASA) hence
GEOMETRY 33
HD = CD, CHD = 45°
33. In the figure, given that in ∆ABC, AB = AC, D is on AB and E is on the extension of AC such that
BD = CE. The segment DE intersects BC at G. Prove that DG = GE
Sol. Draw Perpendiculars DM and EN on BC
∠B = ∠C
∠C = ∠ECN (V.O)
BMD CNE (by AAS)
DM NE
DGM EGN (byAAS)
DG = GE (by CPCT)
34. In a given quadrilateral ABCD, AB = AD, ∠BAD = 60°, ∠BCD = 120°. Prove that BC + DC = AC.
Sol. ABCD is cyclic.
GEOMETRY 34
A = 60
C = 120
ADB = DBA = 60 (As AD = AB)
AB = BD = AD
Rotate ∆BCD about B by 60
D⇒A, C⇒Cˈ, B⇒B
AC1 = CD
& BCC’ is equilateral
CC' = BC
AC = CC’ + AC’ = BC + CD
35. ABCD is a square. C' is a point on BA and B' is a point on AD such that BB' and CC' are
perpendicular. Show that AB'B and BC'C are congruent.
Sol.
x = 90 – y
z = 90 – y
GEOMETRY 35
⇒z=x
AB = BC
A = B = 90
ABB' BCC '
36. ABC is a triangle and O is any point in it. Prove that BOC > BAC
Sol. Draw AO
a = x + z (Exterior angle property)
a>x (1)
b = y +w (Exterior angle property)
b>y (2)
Add (1) & (2)
a+b>x+y
BOC > BAC
37. In quadrilateral PQRS, diagonals intersect at O. Show that
(i) PQ + QR + RS + SP > PR + QS
(ii) PQ + QR + RS + SP < 2 (PR + QS)
Sol: Proof: Since the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side
(i) In PQR, PQ + QR > PR
In QRS, QR + RS > QS
In PRS, RS + SP > PR
In PSQ, PS + PQ > QS
GEOMETRY 36
Adding all four we get, 2 PQ QR RS SP 2 PR QS
PQ + QR + RS + SP > PR + QS
(ii) In OPQ, OP + OQ > PQ
In ORQ, OQ + OR > RQ
In ORS, OR + OS > RS
In OPS, OS + OP > PS
Adding all the above four inequality we get,
2(OP + OR + OQ + OS) > PQ + QR + RS + SP
2(PR + QS) > PQ + QR + RS + SP
Or PQ + QR + RS + SP < 2 (PR + QS)
38. In ∆ABC, AD ⊥ BC if DC > DB prove that AC > AB.
Sol. Construction: Take a point E on DC such that DB = DE. Join AE.
Proof: ∆ABE ≅ ∆ADE
1 = 2 (CPCT)
Now 1 + 3 = 180°
Also 1 + 4 < 180°
1 +4 < 2 + 3
4 < 3
In AEC , AC > AE
AC > AB (As AE = AB)
39. Given that the lengths of three sides, a, b, c of a triangle are positive integers, where a < b < c. Find
the number of the triangles with b = 2.
Sol. When b = 2 then a = 1. From a > c – b we have c = b.
Since b < c, we have no required solution. Thus the answer is 0.
GEOMETRY 37
40. In a right-angled triangle, if the length of a leg is 21, and the lengths of the other two sides are also
positive integers, find the minimum value of its possible perimeter.
Sol. Let the lengths of two legs of the right angle be a and b where a = 21, and let c be the length of the
hypotenuse.
Then c2 – b2 = 212, i.e. (c–b) (c + b) = 32.72.
To let the sum 21 + b + c be minimum b + c should minimum, therefore c – b should be maximum.
Thus c–b = 9, c + b = 49 i.e. the perimeter is 21 + 49 = 70
MID POINT, BPT and SIMILARITY
41. Prove that in any quadrilateral, the midpoints of the sides form the vertices of a parallelogram.
Sol.
Let P,Q,R,S are midpoints of AB, BC, CD & AD respectively join AC
In ACD, R & S mid points
SR ||AC & SR = 1/2AC …(1)
In ABC
P & Q mid points
PQ || AC & PQ = 1/2 AC …(2)
From (1) & (2)
PQ || RS & PQ = RS
PQRS is a parallogram
42. Suppose the straight line AB is bisected at C and the perpendiculars AX, BY, CZ are drawn to any
straight line OP. Prove that
(i) If A, B are on the same side of OP, then 2CZ = AX + BY
(ii) If A, B are on the opposite sides of OP, then 2CZ = difference of AX and BY
GEOMETRY 38
Sol. (i) Clearly XA ||ZC || YB
Join AY, intersect ZC at M
ZM = 1/2 AX & CM = 1/2 BY [mid point then]
ZM + CM = 1/2 AX + 1/2BY
ZC = 1/2 (AX + BY) ⇒ 2ZC = AX + BY
(ii) Draw BZ’X’ || XYZ
In BAX’
C is mid pint & CZ’ || AX’
1
CZ' AX '
2
CZ+ ZZ’ =1/2 [AX + XX’]
CZ + BY = 1/2[AX + BY]
CZ = 1/2 [AX – BY]
43. Let X be the midpoint of the side AB of ABC. Let Y be the midpoint of CX. Let BY cut AC at Z,
Prove that AZ = 2ZC.
Sol.
Draw XM || BZ
In ABZ
GEOMETRY 39
X is mid point & XM || BZ
AM = MZ
In CXM
Y is mid point & YZ ||XM
MZ = ZC
AZ = 2ZC
44. Prove that the mid-point of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equidistant from all its
vertices.
Sol: Given In ABC, ∠B = 90°, AD = DC
To prove: BD = 1/2 AC
Construction : Draw DE || CB
Proof In ABC, D is a mid-point of AC and DE || CB
By converse of mid-point theorem E is a mid-point of AB, i.e., AE = EB also ∠E = 90° DE ⊥
AB in ∆AED and BED
AE = BE (Proved above)
∠AED = ∠BED = 90°
ED = ED (Common)
By SAS congruence ∆AED ≅ ∆BED
AD = BD
but AD = CD
BD = AD = CD = 1/2 AC.
45. (CHINA/1997) ABCD is a quadrilateral with AD || BC. If the angle bisector of DAB intersects CD
at E, and BE bisects ABC, prove that AB = AD + BC.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 40
Draw EF || AD || BC
1 =5` [alt. interior]
2 = 5 [as 1 = 2]
AF = EF (1)
Similarly BF = EF (2)
AB = AF + BF = 2EF (3)
AF = FB
F is md pint of AB
E is mid point of CD (equal intercept theorem)
In trapezium of ABCD
1
EF AD BC
2
AB = AD + BC
46. Let ABCD is a parallelogram. X is mid-point of AB. DX intersect AC at Y. Prove that AC=3AY.
Sol.
Draw BP ||DX
DPXB is parallelogram
In ABZ
X is mid point & XY || BZ
Y is mid point
AY = YZ
Similarly in CDY
GEOMETRY 41
CZ = YZ
3AY = AC
47. In figure DE || BC and CD || EF. Prove that AD2 = AB×AF
Sol. In triangle ABC, AD/DB = AE/EC ------(1)
In triangle ADC, AF/FD = AE/EC -----(2)
(1) = (2)
AD/DB = AF/FD
Taking reciprocal on both side, so we get
DB/AD = FD/AF
Add 1 on both sides, we get
(DB/AD) + 1 = (FD/AF ) + 1
(DB + AD)/AD = (FD + AF)/AF
AB/AD = AD/AF
AD2 = AB x AF
48. Let ABCD be a parallelogram and P be any point on AC. The line XPY|| DA meets DC at X and AB
at Y. Again the line QPR ||DC meets AD at Q and BC at R. Prove that PX.PQ = PY .PR
(ii) Take AD = a, AB = b, XP = x and QP = y. Show that x/a + y/b = l
Sol.
Given QR || AB || CD
GEOMETRY 42
XY || AD ||BC
AYPQ, PYBR, PRCX & PXDQ all are parallelograms
As PQ || CD
AQ AP PY AP
As, AQ PY & QD PX
QD PC XP PC
As PY ||BC
AY AP PQ AP
[AS AY = PQ & BY = PR]
YB PC PR PC
PY PQ
XP PR
PY PR PQ PX
(ii) Put values in above result
(a -x) (b–y) = xy
ab = bx + ay
x y
1
a b
49. ABCD is a trapezium with AB||CD. If the diagonals meet at O, prove that AO : OC = BO : OD.
Sol
Draw OE || AB ||CD
in BCD
BE OB
.....(i)
EC OD
& in ABC
BE OA
...(2)
CE OC
FROM (1) & (2)
OA OB
...(2)
OC OD
GEOMETRY 43
50. ABCD is a parallelogram X divides AB in the ratio 3 :2 and Y divides CD in the ratio 4 :1. If XY
cuts AC at Z, prove that 7AZ = 3AC.
Sol.
Draw PB || XY
Intersect AC at Q
In ABQ
AX AZ
XB ZQ
3 AZ
….. (i)
2 ZQ
In CYZ
PQ||YZ
CP CQ
..(2)
PY QZ
Clearly BX = PY = 2a
PC = 2a
2
From (i) ZQ AZ
3
2a CQ
From (2)
2a QZ
CQ = QZ = 2/3 AZ
2 2
AC AZ AZ AZ
3 3
3AC 7AZ
51. ABCD is a trapezium with AB||CD and AB = 2CD. If the diagonals meet at O, then prove that 3AO
= 2AC. If AD and BC meet at F, then prove that AD = DF.
GEOMETRY 44
Sol.
AOB COD [By AA]
OA AB
OC CD
OA 2OC
3
AC OA OC OA
2
2AC = 3OA
(ii) FDC FAB
CD FD
AB FA
1 FD
2 FA
FA = 2FD
FD = DA
52. (CHNMOL/1991) ABCD is a trapezium with AB || CD and AB < DC. AC and BD intersect at E, EF
|| AB, intersecting BC at F . Given that AB = 20; CD = 80; BC = 100, then EF is
(A) 10, (B) 12, (C) 16, (D) 18.
Ans (c)
Since BEF ~ BDC and CEF ~ CAB
EF BF EF CF
&
DC BC AB BC
1 1
EF 1,
80 20
EF
1, EF 16
16
53. P is any point with ABC. Q is a point outside ABC such that CBQ = ABP and BCQ =
BAP. Show that the triangles PBQ and ABC are similar.
GEOMETRY 45
Sol. APB CQB By AA
AB PB
BC QB
AB BC
PB QB
ABC ABP PBC
BQC PBC
QBP
ABC PBQ
54. (CHINA/1990) In the isosceles right triangles ABC, B = 90°, AD is the median on BC. Write AB =
BC = a. If BE AD, intersecting AC at E, and EF BC at F then EF is
1 1 2 2
(B) a (B) a (C) a (D) a
3 2 3 5
Sol. (A)
From BAD = EBF we have Rt ABD ~ RtEBF. Then
AB BF
2
BD EF
EFC ~ ABC,
EF FC,
GEOMETRY 46
BF
2
FC
EF FC 1
AB BC 3
1 1
EF AB a.
3 3
55. (CHINA/1997) ABC is an isosceles right triangle with C = 90°,M, N are on AB such that MCN
= 45°.Write AM = m, MN = x, BN = n. Then the triangle formed by taking x, m, n as the lengths of
it three sides is
(a) An acute triangle (b) A right triangle
(c) An obtuse triangle (d) Not determined
Sol (B)
MCN A B 45 , MCN ~ CAN ~ MBC ,
BC xm
xn AC
BC AC
BC 2 x n x m
2BC 2 AB 2
2 x m x n m x n
2
By simplification, we have x2 = m2 + n2, therefore the triangle is a right triangle , the answer is (B)
56. In ABC, D is the midpoint of BC, E is on AC such that AC = 3EC. BE and AD intersect at G. Find
AG:GD.
Sol. (d)
Though D introduce DF || BE. Intersecting AC at F
By the midpoint theorem,
EF = FC.
AC 3EC AE 2EC
AE 4EF
ADF ~ AGE
AG AE
4
GD EF
GEOMETRY 47
the answer is D
57. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || CD and the diagonals meets at O. If XOY ||AB meets AD and BC at
X and Y then prove that XO = OY.
Sol
BOY BDC
OY BO
CD BD
AOX ACD
OX AO
CD OC
AOB COD
AO OB
OC OD
OY OX
CD CD
OX OY
58. ABCD is a parallelogram. A straight line through A meets BD at X, BC at Y and DC at Z. Prove that
AX : XZ = AY : AZ
Sol.
AY CD
BPT ....(i)
YZ CZ
AXB ~ ZXD
GEOMETRY 48
XZ DZ
AX AB
CD CZ XZ
AB AX
CZ XZ
1
AB AX
ZY XZ
1 (from (i))
AY AX
AZ XZ
AY AX
59. In an isosceles ABC, the bisectors of the base angles B and C meet the opposite sides at E and F
respectively. Prove that FE || BC
Sol.
AX AB AY AC
&
XC BC BY BC
As AB = AC
AX AY
XC BY
XY || BC [ Converse of BPT]
60. If A’ is the midpoint of BC and if the internal bisectors of AA’B and AA’C meet AB and AC at
P and Q respectively. Prove that PQ ||BC.
A ' B BP A 'C CQ
Sol. &
A ' A PA A ' A QA
As A ' B A 'C
BP CQ
PA QA
PQ || BC [Converse of BPT]
GEOMETRY 49
61. ABC is triangle with AB > AC. The bisector of A meets BC at U and D is the midpoint of BC.
Prove that DU : DB = (AB - AC) : (AB + AC)
Sol.
BU AB
UC AC
BU UC AB AC
BU UC AB AC
BD UD UC AB AC
BC AB AC
CD UD UC AB AC
BC AB AC
2UD AB AC UD AB AC
2BD AB AC BD AB AC
AF AC
62. In ABC, BE and CF are the angular bisector of ∠B and ∠C meeting at I. Prove that
FI Cl
Sol.
FI BF
…(i)
IC BC
BF BC
AF AC
BF AF
(II)
BC AC
GEOMETRY 50
From (1) and (2)
FI AF
IC AC
63. If in quadrilateral ABCD, AC BD, show that AB2 + CD2 = BC2 + DA2
Sol.
AB2 CD2 OA 2 OB2 OC2 OD2
OA2 OD2 OB2 OC2
AD 2 BC 2
64. (CHINA/1195) In ∆ABC, A = 90°, AB = AC, D is a point on BC. Prove that BD2 + CD2 = 2AD2
Sol. From A introduce AE BC at E. Since B = C = 45°, BAE = CAE = 45°
AE =BE = CE.
BD2 + CD2 = (BE + ED)2 + (CE – ED)2
= BE2 + 2BE. DE + DE2 + CE2 – 2CE. DE + DE2
= BE2 + CE2+ 2DE2
=2(AE2+ DE2) = 2AD2 (By Pythagoars' Theorem )
65. Given that Right angle ∆ABC has a perimeter of 30 cm and an area of 30 cm2. Find the lengths of its
three sides.
Sol. Suppose that C = 90°. Let a = BC, b = AC, c = AB. Then
a b a 2 b 2 30, 1
ab
30 2
2
GEOMETRY 51
From (2) ab = 60, therefore , from (1),
a b 120 30 a b
2
a b 120 900 a b 60 a b
2 2
a b 17
By substituting b = 17 – a into ab = 60, it follows that a2 – 17a + 60 = 0, so a = 5, b = 12 or a = 12,
b = 5.
By Pythagoras. Theorem, c 52 12 2 169 13 i.e. the length of three side are 5, 12, 13
respectively
66. In the right triangle ABC, C = 90°, E & D are points on AC and BC respectively. Prove that AD2 +
BE2 = AB2 + DE2
Sol.
By using the Pythagoras, Theorem
AD 2 BE 2
= AC 2 CD 2 CE 2 BC 2
AC2 BC2 CD2 CE 2
= AB2 + DE2
67. ABC is a right angled triangle right angled at A. AD is the altitude through A, E is a point on AC
such that AE= CD and F is a point on AB such AF = BD. Prove that BE = CF
Sol.
BE 2 AE 2 AB2
GEOMETRY 52
CD 2 AB2
AC 2 AD 2 AB 2
AC 2 BD 2
AC 2 AF2
BE 2 CF 2
BE CF
68. In right angled ABC, C = 90°, E is on BC such that AC = BE. D is on AB such that DE BC.
Given that DE + BC = 1, BD = ½, find B in degrees
Sol.
Let a = DE, b = BE = AC
AC DE b a
and
BC BE 1 a b
b 2 1 a a a a 2 i.e, a 2 b 2 a
2
1
a b
2 2
2
1 1
a BD, thus B 30
4 2
AREA
69. ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of CD. Prove that area of ADE = 1/4 the area of
parallelogram ABCD.
(ii) Consider the family R of parallelograms on equal bases whose areas are all equal. Prove that
in R that which is a rectangle has the least perimeter.
Sol. Draw EF || AD
[ADE] = 1/2 [AFED] = 1/4 [ABCD]
GEOMETRY 53
(ii) [ABEF] = [ABCD]
AF & AD & BE < BC [perpendicular distance is shortest]
AB + BE + EF + AF < AB + BC + CD + AD
70. (i) If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are given, show that its area is greatest when the angle
between the sides is a right angle.
(ii) ABC is a fixed triangle. P is any point on the same side of BC as that of A such that PAB and
ABC have equal areas. Find the locus of P.
Sol. (i) Clearly h < Ac
[ABC] = 1/2AB x h
[ABC]Max when h = AC this happens
When = 90°
(ii) P lies on the line parallel to BC passing through A
71. (CHINA/1996) Let the heights on three sides of ABC ha, hb, hc respectively and 2b = a + c. Prove
2 1 1
that
hb ha hc
GEOMETRY 54
1 1 1
Sol. Let A be area of the ABC. Then A h a a h b b h c c therefore
2 2 2
2A 2A 2A
a , b , c
ha hb hc
4A 2A 2A 2 1 1
Since 2b = a + c, we have i.e.
hb ha hc , hb ha hc
72. If ABC and XYZ are two triangles such that AB : BC = XY : YZ and the angles B and Y are
supplementary prove that [ABC]/[XYZ] = AB2/XY2
Sol Draw Z’Y = ZY
ABC XYZ' BySAS
ABC AB2
XYZ XY 2
XYZ ' XYZ [XY is median]
ABC AB2
XYZ XY 2
73. (i) In the given figure, what is the ratio of the areas of the two shaded triangles?
(ii) In the given figure, what is the ratio of the shaded area to the area of one of the five
congruent triangles?
Sol. (i)
GEOMETRY 55
1
5 CE
A1 2 5CE
A2 1
4 BD 4BD
2
BD || CE
ABD ACE
BD AB 5
CE AC 9
A1 5 9 9
A2 4 5 4
(II)
Shaded area 4 3 3 1 2 1 1
1
One Triangle Area 5 4 5 2 5 4 5
4 9 1 1 3
5 20 5 20 2
GEOMETRY 56
LEVEL II
1. Given a quadrilateral ABCD, E is a point on AD. F is a point inside ABCD such that CF, EF bisects
1
∠ACB and ∠BED respectively. Prove that CFE 90 CAD CBE
2
Sol.
A B y
1 = 2 = exterior angle
2
A B y
3 2 y Exterior angle
2
5 6 180 A x B angle sum properties
25 = 180 – (A + B – x)
4 = 5 + 3
24 = 25 + 23
24 = 180 – (A + B –x) + A + B + y
xy
4 = 90
2
2. (CHINA/1998) In triangle ABC, A = 96°. Extend BC to an arbitrary point D. The angle bisectors
of angle ABC and ACD intersect at A1, and the angle bisectors of A1BC and A1CD intersect
at A2 and so on. The angle bisectors of is A4BC and A4CD intersect at A5. Find the size of A5
in degrees.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 57
Since A1B and A1C bisect ABC and ACD respectively A = ACD - ABC = 2 (A1CD -
1
A1BC) = 2A1, therefore A1 A
2
Similarly we have Ak+1 = 1/2 Ak for k = 1,2,3,4 Hence
1 1 1 1 1 96
A5 A4 A3 A 2 4 A1 5 A 3
2 4 23 2 2 32
3. The difference between two angles of a triangles is 24°. All angles are numerically double digits.
Find the number of possible values of third angle.
Sol . 9 < x, y, z < 100
x-y =24 ⇒ x=y+24
9 < x < 100
⇒ -15 < y < 76 & 9 < y < 100
⇒9 < y < 76
X + y + z = 180
z=156-2y
⇒9<156-2y<100
⇒28<y<73.5
Y can take 73-28=45 values
Correspondingly 45 values of z.
4. Two regular octagons and one square completely cover the part of a plane around a point without
any overlapping shown in the figure. Find all the other possible combinations of three regular
polygons, two of which are congruent and one different.
GEOMETRY 58
Sol A.T.Q 2
n1 2 180 n 2 2 180 360
n1 n2
2 2
2 1 1 2
n1 n 2
4 2
l
n1 n 2
4n 2 2n 1 n 1n 2
n 2 4 n1 2n1 8 8
n 2 2 4 n1 8
n1 4 n 2 2 8 8 1,4 2,2 4,1 8
n 1 12, n 2 3; n1 8, n 2 4; n 1 6, n 2 6; n 1 5, n 2 10
12,12,3 ; 8,8, 4 ; 5,5,10 But 6,6,6 is rejected.
5. Quadrilateral ABCD has ∠BDA = ∠CDB = 50°, ∠DAC = 20° and ∠CAB = 80°. Find angles ∠BCA
and ∠DBC.
Ans.
Draw AE, such that ∠CAE = 50
∠CAE = ∠CDE = 50
AECD is cyclic
ACE = 50
EAB = EBA = 30
AE = EB
AE = EC (As EAC = ECA )
GEOMETRY 59
EB = EC
x = y
x = 10
6. Given BE and CF are the altitudes of the ABC. P, Q are on BE and the extension of CF
respectively, such that BP = AC, CQ = AB, Prove that AP ⊥ AQ.
Sol.
CQA BAP (bySAS)
⇒ BAP AQC
AQC QAF 90
90
7. In the square ABCD, E is the mid-point of AD, BD and CE intersect at F. Prove that AF ⊥ BE
Sol. Let ∠DAF = 𝜭
AFD CFD (by SAS)
FCD
CED BEA (by SAS)
ABE DCE
ABO BAO 90 90
AOB 90
8. Each side of square ABCD has length 1 unit. Points P and Q belong to AB and DA, respectively.
Find ∠PCQ if the perimeter of ∆APQ is 2 units. The square is shown in the figure.
GEOMETRY 60
Ans. 45
Sol. Rotate ∆BCP about C by 90˚
∆CBP ⇒ CDPˈ
x + y + PQ = 2
PQ = 1–X + 1 – Y
PQ = DQ + PB
PQ = DQ + PˈD = PˈQ
CQP ' CPQ (By SSS)
(CPCT)
90
90 45
9. In the figure, ABD and BEC are both equilateral with A, B, C being collinear, M and N are
midpoints of AE and CD respectively, AE intersects BD at G and CD intersects BE at H. Prove that
(i) ∆MBN is equilateral, (ii) GH || AC.
GEOMETRY 61
Sol.
BC = BE
AB = BD
ABE = 60 + DBE = DBC
ABE DBC SAS
1 = 3 [CPCT]
2 = 4 [CPCT]
AE = CD = [CPCT]
AE CD
2 2
ME = CN
4 = 2
BE = BC
⇒ BME BNC
BM = BN [CPCT]
∠MBN = ∠MBH + HBN
= NBC + HBN
MBN = 60°
MBN is equilateral
(ii) in BHDBGA
AB = BD
3 = 4
DBH = DBA = 60
By SAS
BHD BGA
GEOMETRY 62
BH = BG & DBH = 60
BHG is equilateral
∠BGH = ∠GBA = 60
GH || AC
NOTE: For (ii) part, similarity is better method.
BE||AD
DG AD
1. ......(i)
GB BF
BD||EC
DH DB AD
2. .....(As BD AD & EC BE)
HC EC BE
DG DH
3.
GB HC
⇒GH||AC
10. Squares ABDE and BCFG are drawn outside of triangle ABC. Prove that triangle ABC is isosceles if
DG is parallel to AC. [Leningrad MO, 1988]
Sol. We prove this by contradiction:
Let y >
BC > AB
As AC||DG
y Co-interior angles
y
Similarly
y > ⇒
GEOMETRY 63
BD > BG
⇒ AB > BC
Contraction y =
M2 Rotate BC about B by 90˚anticlockwise
∆BAC ⇒ ∆BDC
90
In right angle GDC
BG = CB = DB
AB = BC
11. In ∆ABC, If AD, BE, CF are the medians then prove that
3
AB BC CA AD BE CF AB BC CA
4
Sol.
AB + AC > 2AD (proved in class eg.)….(1)
Simiarly, AB + BC > 2BE …..(2)
& AC + BC > 2CF……..(3)
Adding Eqs. (1), (2) and (3),
we get 2(AB + BC + CA) > 2(AD + BE + CF)
AB + BC + CA > AD + BE + CF
GEOMETRY 64
Or AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + CA
Also in DGBC
GB + GC > BC……(4)
Similarly GC + GA > AC …..(5)
& GA + GB > AB……(6)
Adding equation (4), (5) and (6) we get 2(GA + GB + GC) > AB + BC + CA
2 2 2
2 AD BE CF AB BC CA
3 3 3
(As G being centroid of the triangle divides median in 2 : 1 ratio)
3
AD + BE + CF > (AB + BC + CA)
4
3
Thus a b c ma mb mc a b c
4
12. As shown in the figure, in ∆ABC, D is the mid-point of BC, ∠EDF = 90°, DE intersects
AB at E and DF intersects AC at F. Prove that BE + CF > EF
Sol. Construction DE’ = DE
DEB DE ' C (By SAS)
BE E 'C
EDF E 'DF
EF E ' F
E ' F E 'C FC
EF BE FC
GEOMETRY 65
13. If the lengths of three sides of a triangle are consecutive positive integers, and its perimeter is less
than or equal to 100, how many such acute triangles are there?
Sol. n + (n + 1 + (n+2) ≤ 100 yields 1 ≤ n ≤ 32. The triangle inequality means n + 2 < 2n + 1 which
implies n ≥ 2.
The triangle is acute yields n2 + (n+1)2 > (n+2)2
2n2 + 2n + 1 > n2 + 4n + 4
n2 – 2n – 3 > 0
(n–3) (n+1) > 0, n > 3
Thus, there are in total 29 such triangles
14. Let each side of the triangle is a prime number and divisor of 2001. Find the number of such
triangles.
Sol. 2001=3 ⨯ 23 ⨯ 29
(3,3,3), (23,23,23), (29,29,29), (3,23,23), (3,29,29), (23,29,29), (29,23,23)
7 such triangles.
15. If a, b, c be the sides of a triangle prove that a , b and c will also represents sides of a triangle.
Sol. a+b>c ….(1)
b+c>a ….(2)
2
a b a b 2 ab c
a b c
2
b c b c 2 bc a
b c a
16. Find a point P, inside a convex quadrilateral ABCD, such that PA + PB + PC + PD is minimum.
Sol.
PA + PC ≥ AC
GEOMETRY 66
PA + PC = AC if P lies on AC
PB + PD ≥ BD
PB + PD = BD if P lies on BD
P lies of AC as well as BD
P is point of intersection of AC & BD
17. (i) Prove that in a convex quadrilateral ABCD, max{AB + CD, AD + BC} < AC + BD <
AB + BC + CD + DA.
(ii) Also prove that if, AB + BD ≤ AC + CD, then AB < AC
Sol.
OA + OB > AB & OC + OD > CD
OA + OB + OC + OD > AB + CD
AC + BD > AB + CD
Similarly AC + BD > BC + AD
(ii) Given AB + BD ≤ AC + CD (1)
AB + CD < AC + BD (2) (proved)
Adding (1) & (2)
2AB < 2AC
AB < AC
18. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane. Find P on the line such
that AP + PB is minimum. Give your answer in two cases separately A, B on same side of the line or
on opposite side of the line.
Sol. Case : I
If A & B on opposite side
PA + PB > AB
PA + PB =AB When P is at the point where AB segment intersect line l.
GEOMETRY 67
Case : (ii)
When A & B same side plot’A’ mirror image of A about the line
PA + PB = PA’ + PB > A’B
PA’ + PB = A’B when
P is the point of intersection of A’B & line l.
19. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane such that AB not
perpendicular to line l. Find P on the line such that |AP - PB| is minimum. Give your answer in two
cases separately A, B on same side of the line or opposite side of the line.
Sol Case I
If A & B same side
Min |PA – PB| can be zero, if PA = PB. It mean P lies on perpendicular bisector of AB.
P is point of intersection of perpendicular bisector & the given line
Same in the Case II
20. In an acute angle there is a fixed point A, locate points B and C, one on each arm of the angle such
that perimeter of the ∆ABC be minimum.
Sol. Take reflection of A in both arms of the angle and Join reflections. Let this line meets arms of the
angle at B and C respectively. Now make the triangle ABC.
21. Let A, B, C be an acute angled triangle in which, D, E, F are points on BC, CA, AB
respectively, such that AD ⊥ BC, AE = EC, CF bisects ∠C internally. Suppose CF meets AD and DE
GEOMETRY 68
in M and N respectively. If FM = 2, MN = 1, NC = 3, show that the perimeter and area of this
triangle are equal numerically.
Sol: FN = FM + MN = 2 + 1 = 3 and NC = 3
FN = NC ⇒ N is the mid-point of CF.
Also E is the mid-point of AC
⇒ NE || AF (By mid-point theorem)
DE || AB and DE = ½ AB
BD = DC (by converse of mid-point theorem)
Thus, AD is both altitude and median to BC
∆ABC is isosceles ⇒ AB = AC (1)
AFM DNM
AM:MD = FM:MN = 2:1
M is the centroid of ABC.
CF is median as well as angle bisector of ABC
ABC is equilateral triangle.
Let the side of the equilateral triangle be ‘a’.
CF, being the altitude,
3
CF 6 a6 a 4 3
2
Perimeter 3 4 3 12 3
Thus area and perimeter are equal numerically.
22. ABCD is a rectangle, E is the mid-point of AD. F is the mid-point of EC. [ABCD] = 120 cm 2; FIND
[BDF]
Sol. Construction: Draw perpendicular from F to CD and BC to meet them at G and H respectively. Let
the sides of the rectangle have lengths 2a and b.
GEOMETRY 69
Now [ABCD] = 120 That is, (2a) ⋅ (b) = 120 ⇒ ab = 60
Because of Mid-point theorem, FG || ED in CED and F being the midpoint of CE, G will b be the
midpoint of DC; also CG = GD =b/2 & FG=a/2
Now [BDF] = [BDC] – [DFC] – [FBC]
1 a 1 b
60 b 2a
2 2 2 2
1 1 60 60
BDF 60 ab ab 15cm2
4 2 4 2
23. P is a variable point on a given straight line and A is a fixed pint. Q is a point on AP or AP produce
such that AQ : AP = constant. Find the locus of Q.
Ans.
AP AP '
given
PQ P 'Q '
PP ' ||QQ '
Line parallel to given line
24. In the trapezium ABCD, AD || BC; B = 30, c = 60°, E; M; F; N are the midpoints of AB; BC;
CD; DA respectively. Given that BC = 7; MN = 3. Find EF.
Sol. By applying the midpoint theorem to the trapezium, then
EF
AD BC
2
so it is important to find AD
GEOMETRY 70
Through N we introduce N G || AB; N H || CD, intersecting BC at G; H respectively.
Since AD || BC, the quadrilaterals ABGN and NHCD are both parallelograms.
BG = AN = CH = ND and AB || NG, CD || NH
Q NGH = ABH = 30°,and NHG = DCG = 60°
GNH = 180° – 30° –60° = 90°
Q BM = CM GM = HM.
GH = 2NM = 6 (As GM=NM=HM)
AD = 7 – 6 = 1
EF
1 7 4
2
25. (CHINA/2000) Given that AD is the median on BC of ABC, E is a point on AD such that AE =1/3
AD. The line CE intersects AB at F. If AF = 1.2cm. Find the length of AB.
Sol. From D introduce DG || BA, intersecting CF at G. By the
midpoint theorem CG = GF and DG = 1/2 BF
AEF ~ DEG A.A.A
AF AE 1
,
DG ED 2
1 1
AF DG BF,
2 4
AF 1.2 cm
AB 4AF AF 5AF 6 cm
26. ABCD is a rectangle with AD = 2; AB = 4. P is on AB such that AP : P B = 2 : 1, CE DP at E.
Find CE.
PB 1
Sol. Extend DP to meet the extension of CB at F. PAD ~ PBF (A.A.A), BF .AD .2 1 ,
AP 2
therefore CF = CB + BF = 3
GEOMETRY 71
DF DC 2 CF 2 4 2 32 5
DC 2 16
DE
DF 5
CE 2 CD 2 DE 2
256 144
16
25 25
12
CE
5
M2
Join CP
1 8 1 4
DCP 8 2 2
2 3 2 3
[DCP] = 4
2
8 10
DP 2 2
3 3
1
DCP DP EC 4
2
12
EC
5
27. Given that three congruent squares ABEG; GEFH; HFCD are
of side a. Prove that AFE + ACE = 45°
Sol.
AD || BC AFE HAF, it suffices to show ACE FAE, and for this we show that
ACE ~ FAE below.
GEOMETRY 72
AE 2a 2.EF and
CE = 2a = 2 EA,
Besides AEC FEA
ACE ~ FAE. S.A.S
28. OA, OB, OC are three given line segments and P is any point on OC. If PM and PN are the
perpendiculars from P on OA and OB respectively, prove that PM : PN is a constant.
Sol.
PM OP PN
CM ' OC CN '
PM CM ' AOC OB
c ons tan t
PN CN OA BOC
29. ABC is a triangle and DAE is a straight line parallel to BC such that DA = AE. If CD meets AB at X
and BE meets AC at Y, prove that XY ||BC
Sol
BC || DE & AD = AE
BXC AXD & BYC EYA
BX BC XC BY YC BC
&
AX AD XD EY YA EA
BC BC
( AD AE)
AD AE
GEOMETRY 73
BX YC
XY || BC
AX YA
30. Given four points A, B, C, D in a straight line, find a point O in the same straight line such that OA :
OB = OC : OD
Sol. Draw OˈDˈ||OD and corresponding segments of equal length like AB = AˈBˈ etc.
∆POˈAˈ ≈ ∆POC and ∆POˈBˈ ≈ ∆POD
PO ' O ' A ' O ' B ' OA OB
PO OC OD OC OD
31. (i) If in triangles ABC and DEF, we have A = D and AB : DE = BC : EF. Then prove that C =
F or C + F = 180°
(ii) In two obtuse angled triangles, an acute angle of the one is equal to an angle of the other, and also
the sides about the other acute angles are proportional. Prove that the triangles are similar.
Sol.
AB BC
A D & K
DE EF
First case when B E
ABC DEF
C F2
If B E
Construct EF1 EF2
EF1D 180 EF1F2
GEOMETRY 74
= 180 EF2 F1
F 180 C
F C 180
32. ABCD and AECF are two parallelograms and side EF is parallel to AD. Suppose AF and DE meet at
X and BF, CE meet at Y, then prove that XY||AB
Sol.
∆DXA ≈ ∆EXF
DX AX AD
...(I)
XE XF EF
∆BYC ≈ ∆FYE
BY CY BC
...(2)
YF YE EF
AD BC
As AD BC
EF EF
AX BY
XY || AB
XF YE
33. In ∆ABC, AB=c, BC=a, CA=b.
(i) If the bisector of A in ABC meets BC at D, prove that BD = ac/ (b+c) and DC = ab/(b+c)
(ii) If the external bisector of A in ABC with AB > AC meets BC produced at D’ prove that BD’
= ac/(c-b) and CD’ = ab/(c-b)
(iii) Prove that DD’ = 2abc/(c2 –b2)
Sol.
GEOMETRY 75
BD c
(I)
CD b
BD c
BD CD b c
ac
BD
bc
CD b
BD c
CD b
BD CD b c
ab
CD
bc
CD ' AC
(ii)
BD ' AB
CD ' AC
BD ' CD ' AB AC
CD ' b
BC c b
ab ac
CD ' & BD '
cb cb
ab ab
(iii) DD ' CD CD '
bc cb
2abc
c2 b 2
34. From A, perpendicular AX, AY are drawn to the bisectors of the exterior angles of B and C of
ABC. Prove that XY||BC
Sol.
Mirror ABX about AX
PAB = ABC
PA ||BC
Mirror AYC about AY
GEOMETRY 76
CAQ = ACB
QA ||BC
PAQ || BC
Also PX XB [Isoscles property]
QY = YC [Isoscles property]
PX QY
XY || BC
XB YC
35. ABC is a triangle right angled at A; AP and AQ meet BC or BC produced in P and Q and are equally
inclined to AB. Show that BP : BQ = PC : CQ
Sol. Draw AP 'C APC
In ∆APQ
AP PB
..(i)
AQ BQ
In ∆CPˈQ
P 'A P 'C AP PC
…(II)
AQ QC AQ CQ
PB PC
BQ QC
36. In ABC, we have AB > AC. If A’ is the midpoint of BC, AD is the altitude through A and if the
internal and external bisectors of A meet BC and X and X’ respectively. Prove that
(a) A’X = a(c-b)/2(c+b)
(b) A’X’ = a(c+b)/2(c–b)
(c) A’D = (c2 – b2)/2a
GEOMETRY 77
Sol.
XC AC
(i)
BC AB AC
ba
XC
cb
A ' X A 'C XC
a ba a c b
2 c b 2 c b
X 'C AC
(ii)
BC AB AC
ab
X 'C
cb
A 'X ' CA ' CX '
a ab
2 cb
a c b
2 c b
(iii) AD 2 AB 2 BD 2 AC 2 CD 2
AB 2 AC 2 BD 2 CD 2
c 2 b 2 BD CD BD CD
a BA ' A ' D CD
a A ' C A ' D CD
c 2 b 2 a 2A ' D
c2 b 2
A 'D
2a
37. In the right triangle ABC, C = 90°, BC = 12 cm, AC = 6 cm, the perpendicular bisector of AB
intersects AB and BC at D and E respectively. Find CE.
GEOMETRY 78
Sol. Connect AE, let CE = x cm. From AE = EB = 12 – x cm
Since AE2 = AC2 + CE2
(12 -x)2 = 62 + x2
144 + x2 – 24x = 36 + x2
24x = 108,
x = 4.5
Thus CE = 4.5 cm
38. (CHNMOL/1993) When extending the sides AB, BC, CA of ABC to B', C', A' respectively, such
that AB'= 2AB, CC' = 2BC, AA' = 3CA. If area of ABC is 1, find the area of A'B'C'
Sol
BB '. BC '
From AB = BB’ , BC’ = 3 BC, [BB’C’] = ABC 3
AB.BC
Similarly,
AA ' B ' AA '.AB ' 6
[ABC] AC.AB
AA ' B' 6
CC 'A ' CA '.CC ' 8 ,
ABC AC.BC
CC ' A ' 8. Thus
A ' B'C ' 3 6 8 1 18
GEOMETRY 79
39. (CHINA/2000) In ABC, D, E, F are on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively, such that AD, BE and
CF are concurrent at a point G, BD = 2CD, the areas S1 = |GEC| = 3 ,S2 = |GCD| =4. Find the area of
ABC
Sol. A shown in the diagram below, we denote area of the corresponding triangles by S 1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6
respectively. Then BD = 2DC S3 = 2S2 = 8
BG S2 S3 S S5
4 4
GE S1 S6
S4 S5 4S6
S 4 S5 2 S6 S1 2S6 6
4S6 2S6 6 S6 3
S4 S5 12
S4 BF S2 S3
S5 FA S1 S6
12
2
6
We have S4 = 2S5, so S4 = 8, S5 = 4. Thus
[A + B + C] = 3 + 4 + 8 + 8 + 4 + 3 = 30
40. (AIME/1988) Let P be an interior point of triangle ABC and extend lines from the vertices through P
to the opposite sides. Let a, b, c, and d denote the lengths of the segments indicated in the figure
below. Find the product abc, if a + b + c = 43 and d = 3.
Sol. Let ta, tb, tc be the perpendicular distance of P from BC, CA, AB and h a, hb, hc the heights on BC, CA,
AB, respectively
ta tb tc
1 and
ha hb hc
GEOMETRY 80
t a CPF d
h a CAF d a
tb d tc d
,
hb d b hc d c
d d d
1
da db dc
d b d c d a d c d a d b d a d b d c d
d ab bc ca 6 a b c 27
abc 3 ab bc ca 9 a b c 27
abc 9 a b c 54 9 43 54 441
41. (CHNMOL/1998) In the isosceles right triangle ABC, AB = 1; A = 90°, E is the midpoint of leg
AC. The point F is on the base BC such that EF BE. Find the area of CEF
Sol.
From C introduce CD AC, intersecting the extension of EF at D
ABE CED,
RtABE ~ Rt CED,
CED CE 2 1
ABE AB 4
CE AB
And 2
CD AE
Since ECF 45 DCF
CF is the angle bisector of DCE
Therefore the distance from F to CE is equal to that of F to CD, hence
CEF CE 2.Thus
CDF CD
GEOMETRY 81
2 2 1 2 1 1 1
CEF CED . ABE . .
3 3 4 3 4 4 24
M2
[BEC] = [ABC] – [AEB]
1 1
2 4
1
EBC
4
BEF BF
BEC BC
1
EF BE
2 BF
1 2
4
BE
EF BE
2 2
8EF2 8E 2 BF2
8EF2 BE 2 BE 2 EF 2
BE 2
EF2
8BE 2 1
BE
EF2
8BE 2 1
1 1 BE 2
BEF BE EF
2 2 8BE 2 1
5
=
24
1 5 1
CEF
4 24 24
GEOMETRY 82
42. (IMO/Shortlist/1989) In the convex quadrilateral ABCD, the midpoints of BC and AD are E and F
respectively. Prove that [EDA] + [FBC] = [ABCD].
Sol. Let CF, BF intersect DE, AE at P, Q respectively. If suffices to show that S 4 = S6 + S2. Let h1, h2, h3
be the heights of the triangles ABE, FBC, and DEC respectively, then h2 = 1/2 (h1 + h3).Therefore
1
S4 S5 S1 h 2 .BC
2
1
h 1 h 3 .BC
4
1 1
h1 2BE h 3 2EC
4 4
S6 S5 S2 S1
S6 S2 S5 S1
S4 = S6 + S2
43. (AIME/1984) A point P is chosen in the interior of ABC such that when lines are drawn through P
parallel to the sides of ABC, the resulting smaller triangles t1,t2 and t3 in the figure, have areas 4,9
and 49 respectively. Find the area of ABC.
Sol. Since the three triangles t1, t2, t3 are similar, so the ratios of their corresponding sides are
given by
PF : DE : PI
= 4 : 9 : 49
=2:3:7
GEOMETRY 83
CE : DE : BD 2 : 3 : 7,
CE : CB 2 : 2 3 7
= 2 : 12,
GPF : ABC 2 2 :122
=4 : 144
GPF 4, ABC 144
44. In ABC, D, E, F are points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Also A, B, C are points on YZ,
ZX, XY of ∆XYZ respectively for which EF || YZ, FD || ZX, DE || XY. Prove that area of [ABC] 2 =
[DEF]. [XYZ]
Sol.
EF || YZ
1
YEFZ 2 YZ EF h YZ 1 …(I)
AEF 1
EF h EF
2
Similarly
ZFDX ZX 1 .....(ii)
BDF FD
&
DEYX XY 1 …(3)
DEC DE
YZ ZX XY XYZ 1
&
EF FD DE DEF 2
From (1) , (2) & (3)
1 2
YEFZ AEF ….(4)
2
1 2
ZFDX BDF ..(5)
2
GEOMETRY 84
1 2
DEYX DEC ..(6)
2
and (4) + (5) + (6)
1 2
XYZ DEF
2
ABC DEF
2
1 2
2
ABC 2
ABC
1 2 2
2
1 2 ABC
ABC 1 2 EDF XYZ
2
45. InABC, find points X, Y, Z on AB, BC, CA such that AXYZ is a rhombus. Show that
1
AXYZ ABC
2
Sol.
Let AX = XY = AZ = YZ = m
YZ || AB
CZ YZ
AC AB
AC CZ AB YZ
AC AB
AZ AB m
AC AB
m AB m
AC AB
mAB = AB X AC – mAC
GEOMETRY 85
AB AC
m ….(i)
AB AC
ABC ACY AYB
AC AB
AYZ AXY
AZ AX
AC AB
AYZ AYZ AXY
m m
AB AC AC AB AXYZ
=
AB AC 2
AC AB AXYZ
2
AB AC 2
4
AXYZ
2
ABC 2 AXYZ
1
AXYZ ABC
2
46. In rectangle ABCD, G and H are trisection points of AD, and E and F are trisection points of BC. If
AB = 360 and BC = 450, compute the area of PQRS.
Sol.
Clearly ABFH is a rectangle & its’s diagonals intersect at R
BR = RH = AR = RF
ERG || AB || GH
In rectangle ABEG, diagonal intersect at P.
BERM is a Rectangle
GEOMETRY 86
By symmetry [PQR] = [PSR]
PQR EQB
PR PQ
BE EQ
PQ 1 PQR 1 PQR
EQ 2 EQR 1 2 PQR EQR
1 1
PQR PRE 180 75
3 3 2
[PQRS] = 2 x 2250 = 4500
BD CE AF m
47. Let D, E, F be points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively such that .
DC EA FB n
Prove that if AD, BE and CF are joined then they will form a triangle by their intersections, whose
area is to that of the triangle ABC as (m–n)2/(m2 + mn + n2)
Sol. Draw DP||CF
AF AX PF CD n
&
FP XD BF BC m n
AX AF FB m m n m 2 mn
XD FB FP n n n2
n
ADC ABC
mn
m 2 mn
ACX ADC
m 2 n 2 mn
mn
Similarly, ABY BCZ ACX [ABC]
m n 2 mn
2
3mn
XYZ ABC ABC
m n 2 mn
2
m n
2
ABC
m2 n 2 mn
GEOMETRY 87
LEVEL III
1. There are four points A; B; C; D on the plane, such that any three points are not collinear. Prove that
in the triangles ABC; ABD; ACD and BCD there is at least one triangle which has an interior angle
not greater than 45
Sol. It suffices to discuss the two cases indicated by the following figures:
For case (a), since DAB ABC BCD CDA 360 , at least one of them is not less than
90°.Assuming CDA 90°, then in CDA, DCA CAD 90 , so one of them is not greater
than 45°
For case (b), since ADB ADC BDC 360 , one of the three angles is greater than 90°, say
ADB 90 , then DAB DBA 90 , so one DAB and DBA is less than 45°
2. Prove that a convex polygon cannot have more than three acute internal angles.
Sol. We prove this method of contradiction. let us assume there are four acute angles a 1,a2,a3,a4 < 90
a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 < 360
Sum of angles = a1 + a2 + … + an = (n–2) 180
a5 + a6 + ……an > (n–2) 180 – 360°
(n –4) angels > (n–4) 180
Clearly seen atleast one angle greater than 180 which is impossible
M2 Sum of exterior angles = 360
Exterior angle = 180 – Interior angle
If interior angle < 90
⇒ Exterior angle ‘q’ > 90
If more than 3 angles are acute
Then their exterior angles are obtuse
Sum of exterior angle > 360
GEOMETRY 88
Not possible
3. Prove that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle
trisectors form an equilateral triangle.
Sol. Given: AP, AR trisects angle A; BP, BQ trisects angle B; CQ, CR trisects angle C
To Prove: PQR is an equilateral triangle.
Proof: In ABC 3a + 3b + 3c = 180°
⇒ a + b + c = 60°
In ABE, AP, BP are the angle bisectors
P is the incentre of AEB
PE bisects ∠AEB ⇒ ∠PEA = ∠PEB = x (say)
Similarly Q is the incentre of BFC and R is the incentre of ADC.
QF bisects ∠BFC ⇒ ∠BFQ = ∠CFQ = y (say)
RD bisects ∠ADC ⇒ ∠RDA = ∠RDC = z (say)
Also in AEB, 2a + 2b + 2x = 180°
⇒ a + b + x = 90° (From Eq. (1))
⇒ 60° - c + x = 90° (2)
⇒ x = 30° + c
Similarly, y = 30° + a
and z = 30° + b
In APB,
∠APB = 180° - (a + b)
= 180° – (60° –c) (From Eq.(1)
⇒ ∠APB = 120° + c
⇒ ∠BPS = ∠APF = 180° - ∠APB = 60° - c
In BPS,
∠PSQ = 60° - c + b (Exterior angle property)
GEOMETRY 89
In PSE,
∠SPE + (60° - c + b) + x = 180°
⇒ ∠SPE + 60° + b - c + 30° + c = 180°
⇒ ∠SPE = 90° - b
In PDI,
90° - b + z + ∠PID = 180°
⇒ 90° - b + 30° + b + ∠PID = 180°
⇒ ∠PID = 60°
Similarly ∠DIQ = 60°
So ∠PIQ = 120°
Similarly ∠QIR = 120°
∠PIR = 120°
In PID and QID
∠PID = ∠QID = 60°
∠IPD = ∠IQD = 90° - b (From Eq. (3))
ID = ID
By AAS congruency
PID ≅ QID
⇒ PI = QI and PD = QD (CPCT)
DI is the ⊥ bisector of PQ
As DIR is a straight line, DR is the ⊥ bisector of PQ
⇒ PR = QR (4)
Similarly PE is the ⊥ bisector of QR (5)
From Eqs. (4) and (5)
PQ = QR = PR
4. (AHSME/1961) In ABC, AB = BC. The points P and Q are on the sides BC and AB respectively,
such that AC = AP = PQ = QB. Then the size of B (in degrees) is
5 1
25 26
(a) 7 (b) 3
(c) 30 (d) 40 (e) not determined
GEOMETRY 90
Sol.
Let B = x, then AQP = 2x = QAP, so QPA = 180 – 4x
Further,
APC ACP 3x
2 x 3x + x = 180°
180 5
x 25
7 7
Thus, the answer is (A)
5. (CHINA/1991) In ∆ABC, A = 70°, D is on the side AC, and the angle bisector of A intersects
BD at H and BC at E, such that AH : HE = 3 : 1 and BH : HD = 5 : 3. Then C in degrees is
(a) 45° (b) 55° (c) 75° (d) 80°
Sol. Connect CH. As shown in the diagram, let the areas of triangles be S0, S1,….S4 without loss of
generality we may assume that S0 = 1. Since AH/HE = 3
BH 5
Yields S1 = 3, then implies that S2 =
HD 3
3 9
S1
5 5
S2 S3 3 1
Since ,soS4 S2 S3
S4 1 3
S3 S3 3
S4 S0 1
S2 S3 S0 5
3
S3 3
19 5
S3 1
3 5
GEOMETRY 91
6 19 6
Hence , S3 ,S4 1 , So, S0 + S1 = 4, S2 + S3 + S4 = 4, i.e. CE = BE, the triangle
5 35 5
ABC is isosceles. Thus
1 1
C = 180 A 180 70 55
2 2
The answer is (B)
M2 DF || AE
DF || ME
BH BE 5
.(1)
HD EF 3
EH BE 5
(2)
FD BF 8
DF CF
AE CE
AE 4HE
DF CF
4HE CE
DF 4CF
….(3)
HE CE
From (2) & (3)
8 4CF
5 CE
2 CF
5 CE
5 2 CE CF EF
2 CE CE
3 EF
..(4)
5 CE
From (1) & (4)
GEOMETRY 92
CE = BE
AE is angle bisector as well as median
AB = AC
6. (MOSCOW/1952) In ABC, AC = BC, C = 20°, M is on the side AC and N on the side BC, such
that BAN = 50°, ABM = 60°. Find NMB in degrees.
Sol.
From BNA = 180° – 50° – 80° = 50° = BAN,
We have AB = NB. On AC take D such that ABD = 20°, then ADB = DAB = 80°,therefore DB
= AB = NB. Since DBN = 60°, the triangle NDB is equilateral, therefore
ND = DB = NB, MDN = 180° –80° – 60° = 40°
Angle DBM = 60° – 80° = 40°, and
DMB = 180° – 60° – 80° = 40°,
It follows that DM = DB = DN, therefore
DMN = DNM = 70°, so
NMB = DMN – DMB = 70°– 40° = 30°
7. Prove that, in n point star sum of all the angles at its vertices is (n-4 ) × 180°
Sol.
GEOMETRY 93
∠1=∠A+∠b and ∠2=∠A+∠a
add both equations
∠1+∠2=∠A+∠A+∠a+∠b=∠A+180
Similarly ∠2+∠3=∠B+180, ∠3+∠4=∠C+180, ∠4+∠5=∠D+180, ∠5+∠1=∠E+180
Add all thses
2(∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4+∠5)=∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+5⤫180
for 5 point star, quadrilateral is formed inside. For n point star n-1 sided polygon is formed.
therefore 2(∠1+∠2+………..+∠n)=(∠A+∠B+∠C…………)+n⤫180
2⤫(n-2)⤫180 - n⤫180=(∠A+∠B+∠C…………)
(∠A+∠B+∠C…………)=(n-4)⤫180
8. The interior angles of a convex polygon are in Arithmetic Progression. The smallest interior angle is
120° and common difference is 5°. Find the number of sides.
Sol. a = 120
Let no of sides = n
n
A.T.Q 2 120 n 1 5 = (n–2) x 180
2
240n + sn2 – 5n = (n–2) x 360
5n2 – 125n + 720 = 0
n2 – 25n + 144 = 0
n = 16,9
n ≠ 16 as a16 = 120 + 15 x 5
= 195 > 180
GEOMETRY 94
9. Three regular polygons have one vertex in common and just fill the whole space at that vertex. If the
1 1 1 1
number of sides of the polygons are a, b, c respectively, prove that Also find all
a b c 2
possible (a, b, c) with a ≤ b ≤ c
1 1 1 1
Sol. abc
a b c 2
1 1 1 3
a b c a
a6 ...(1)
1 1
a 2a 3
a 2
1 1 1
a=3 6 b c bc
b c 6
bc – 6b – 6c + 36 = 36
(b–6) (c–6) = 36 = 1 36, 2 18, 3 12, 4 9, 6 6
b, c 7, 42 , 8, 24 , 9,18 , 10,15 , 12,12
1 1 1
a 4 4 b c bc
b c 4
b 4 c 4 16 116, 2 8, 4 4
b, c 5, 20 , 6,12 , 8,8
1 1 3
a 5 10 b c 3bc
b c 10
3bc – 10b – 10c = 0
10 100
b 3c 10 3c 10
3 3
3b 10 3c 10 100 2 50,5 20
b, c 4, 20 , 5,10
1 1 1
a 6
b c 3
b, c 4,12 , 6, 6
a, b, c 3, 7, 42 , 3, 7, 24 3,9,18 , 3,10,15
GEOMETRY 95
3,12,12 , 4,5, 20 , 4, 6,12 , 4,8,8 , 5, 4, 20
5, 5,10 , 6, 4,12 , 6, 6, 6
10. ABC is equilateral, D is an inner point of ABC and P is a point outside ABC such that AD = BD;
AB = BP , and BD bisects CBP . Find BPD.
Sol. Connect CD and Connect PD
AD = BD, CD = CD, CA = CB,
CDA CDB, S.S.S ,
DCB = DCA = 30°
BP= BC,and
DBC = DBP,
DBP DBC S.S.S ,
DCB = DCA = 30°
BP = BC, and
DBC = DBP,
DBP DBC S.A.S
BPD = BCD = 30°
11. Given that the side of the square ABCD is 1, points P and Q are on AB and AD respectively, such
that the perimeter of APQ is 2. Find PCQ in degrees by use of congruence of triangles.
Sol. Let a = AP, b = AQ. Extend AD to P’ such that DP’ = PB
then Rt PBC Rt P 'DC S.S , So CP’ = PC and
QP’ = (1–b) + (1–a)
= 2 –(a + b) = PQ,
CQP CQP ' S.S.S ,
PCQ P 'CQ
PCB P 'CD
PCP ' DCB 90
1
PCQ .90 45
2
GEOMETRY 96
12. (CHINA/1999) In the square ABCD, AB = 8, Q is the midpoint of the side CD. Let DAQ = a. On
CD take a point P such that BAP = 2a. If AP = 10, find CP
Sol. Let E be the midpoint of BC. Connect EA, EP and introduce EF ^ AP at F
By symmetry.
ABE ADQ ,
BAE DAQ , so PAE
ABE AFE A.A.S. .
For Rt DEFP and Rt DECP, we have
EF = BE = EC and EP = EP,
EFP ECP S.A.S. ,
PC FP 10 8 2
13. (CHINA/1992) In the pentagon ABCDE, ABC = AED = 90°; AB = CD = AE = BC + DE = 1.
Find the area of ABCDE.
Sol. Connect AC, AD and extend CB to P such that BP = DE. Connect AP.
In right triangles APB and ADE,
AB = AE, and BP = DE
APB ADE, S.A.S.
AP = AD, CP = BC + DE = CD
ACD ACP S.S.S. .
Therefore the height of ACD is equal to AB, i.e.1,
[ABCDE] = 2 [ACD] = 2 × × 1 × 1 = 1.
14. (CHINA/1996) Given that the segment BD is on a line l . On one side of l take a point C and
construct two squares ABCK and CDEF respectively outside the CBD. Let M be the midpoint of
the segment AE, prove that the position of M is independent of the choice of the position of C.
Sol. From the points A, C, E respectively introduce perpendiculars AA1, CC1, EE1 to l , where A1, C1, E1
are on l
It is easy to see that
AA1B BC1C,
GEOMETRY 97
CC1D DE1E,
A1B CC1 DE1
Since the projection on l of M is the midpoint of A1E1 , so is also the midpoint of BD.
On the other hand, the distance from M to l , is the middle line of the trapezium AA 1E1E, so it is
1 1 BD
AA1 EE1 BC1 C1D
2 2 2
Thus, the pint M is fixed even if C is changing.
15. (CHINA/1998) In Rt ABC, C = 90°,CD ^ AB at D, AF bisects A, intersects CD and CB at E
and F respectively. If EG is parallel to AB, intersecting CB at G, prove that CF = GB
Sol. From F introduce FH AB at H. Then ACF = AHF = 90°, hence
ACF AHF S.A.S .
CF FH
ACD 90 A B ,
1
FEC ACD A
2
1
B A CFE,
2
CE CF FH. CE || FH
ECG HFB A.A .S .
Thus CG = FB, so that CF = CG – FG = FB – FG = GB
16. ‘O’ is the circumcentre of ∆ABC. M is the mid-point of the median through A. Join OM
and produce it to N such that OM = MN. Show that, N lies on the altitude through A.
Sol.
OD BC Median from centre
AMN DMO
∠NAM = ∠ODM
OD || AP
GEOMETRY 98
AP BC
17. In ABC, ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 80°. The point P is on AB such that ∠BPC = 30°.Prove that AP = BC.
Sol Draw CQ as shown, Draw QR ||BC, Join BR
By symmetry
RC = BQ & CBR = 60°
QRB = RQC = 60
BOC & ROQ are equilateral ’S
Also AR = RB = CQ = AQ [AS A = QCA = RBA]
Let RC = BQ = a
OC = BC = BC = b
OQ = OR = RQ = c
AR = AQ = BR = CQ = b + c
AS QR|| BC
AR QR bc c
…(i)
AC BC a bc b
CP bisects ACQ
AP AC a b c b
from (1)
PQ QC bc c
AP b AP b
AP PQ b c AQ b c
AP b
AP b BC
bc bc
18. D is an inner point of an equilateral ∆ABC satisfying ∠ADC = 150°. Prove that the triangle formed
by taking the segments AD, BD, CD as its three sides is a right triangle.
GEOMETRY 99
Sol.
Draw DC’ = DC at 60° to DC
DCC’ is equilateral D
Join AC’
ACC' BCD (By SAS))
AC’ = BD
ADC’ is a night angle triangle with sides AD, CD & BD.
19. If the perimeter of a triangles 17 and the lengths of its three sides are all positive integers, find the
number of such triangle.
Sol. Let the lengths of the three sides be a, b, c respectively, where a ≥ b ≥ c
17
c 6 leads a – b < c ≤ 5. We classify the triangles according to the integral value of c for
3
counting.
(i) When c = 1, then a + b = 16, a – b = 0, therefore a = b = 8, c = 1 is a solution
(ii) When c = 2, then a + b = 15, a – b = 1, therefore a = 8, b = 7, c = 1 is a solution.
(iii) When c = 3, then a + b = 14, a – b = 0, or a + b = 14 , a –b = 2, therefore a = b = 7, c = 13 and a
= 8, b = 6, c = 3 are 2 solutions;
(iv) When c = 4, then a + b = 13, a – b = 1, or a + b = 13, a–b = 3, therefore a = 7, b = 6, c = 4 and a
= 8, b = 5,c= 4 are 2 solutions
(v) When c = 5, then a+ b = 12, a – b = 0, or a + b = 12, a – b = 2, therefore a = b = 6, c = 5 and a =
7, b = c = 5 are 2 solutions
Thus, there are 8 such triangles in total.
20. An ant sits on one vertex of a solid cube. Find the shortest path on the surface to reach opposite
vertex.
Sol. Open the cube as shown in the following figure
GEOMETRY 100
This is a flat diagram of a cube net, such that you could cut is out and fold it to make the cube. In the
figure there are two acceptable routes, we can easily see that there are in total six such routes.
Through each route we will travel Ö5 units assuming side of the cube 1 unit.
21. An ant sits on the circumference of a right circular cone. Without changing its sense of motion about
the axis of cone, it completes one round trip and reaches the starting point. Find the shortest possible
path. The semi vertical angle of cone is 𝜭.
Sol. Cut the cone through a generatrix passing through the vertex and make is flat as shown :
(i) For q < 30°
(ii) (iii)
arc 2 l sin
2 sin
radius l
AA ' 2AM 2l sin 2lsin sin
2
Shortest Path is AA’ = 2l sin sin 2l, for 30
Shortest path is AOA ' 2l 2l sin sin , for 30
22. An ant sits at P, on the circumference of a right circular cone of semi-vertical angle such that
1
sin1 Without changing its sense of motion about the axis of cone, it completes one round trip
4
and reaches on the line OP where ‘O’ is the vertex of the cone. Find the shortest possible path
Sol. Cut the cone through a generatrix passing through the vertex and make it flat as shown
GEOMETRY 101
(i) (ii) (iii)
Let AL be perpendicular to OA’ at L
1
Then AL = l sina = l sin 2 sin l, for sin 1
4
AL will be the shortest path.
23. Given that ABCD is a quadrilateral, E and F are midpoints of the sides AD and BC of ABCD.
Suppose that AB ≠ CD. Prove that EF < 1/2 (AB + CD)
Sol. Let P be the midpoint of the diagonal BD. Connect PE, PF. Then by the midpoint theorem
1 1
PE AB, PF CD
2 2
. Applying triangle inequality to PEF , we have
1
EF AB CD
2
24. In a square ABCD, let O be the intersection point of the diagonals AC and BD. Let the angle bisector
of ∠CAB intersect BD at E and BC at F. Prove that 2OE = CF
Sol. From C introduce CG || BD such that CG
Intersects the line AF produce at G. Then
CG = 2OE
CFG AFB 90 22.5
= 67.5°
CGF 180 45 67.5
= 67.5°
CF CG 2OE
25. In ABC, let E be the midpoint of BC and let D be the foot of
the altitude from A to BC. Suppose AB = 2DE. Prove that B
= 2C
GEOMETRY 102
Sol. Let F be the midpoint of AC. Connect DF, EF. From midpoint theorem
1
EF AB ED,
2
DFE EDF
AF FC and ADC 90
DF AF FC,
1 1
C EDF CEF B,
2 2
B 2C
26. In the ABC, BE is the angle bisector of the ABC, AD is the median on the side BC, and AD
intersects BE at O perpendicularly. Given BE = AD = 4, find the lengths of three sides of ABC
Sol. From D introduce DF ||BE, intersecting AC at F. Then
1
EF FC, DF BE 2
2
Since ABO DBO and BO BO
Rt ABO RtDBO S.A
1
AO OD 2, OE DF 1
2
Hence BO = 3
By the midpoint Theorem and the Pythagoras, Theorem
FC EF AE AO 2 OE 2 5
AC 3AE 3 5, AB BO 2 AO 2 13
BC 2BD 2AB 2 13
27. Show that there is a unique triangle, whose side lengths are consecutive integers and
one of whose angles is twice the other.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 103
Let ∠B = 2α
ab bc
The bisector of B intersects AC at B', CB' and AB'
ac a c
Now ABC ~ BB 'C
BC AC
BC 2 AC.B'C
B'C BC
ab ab2
That is a2 b or a2
a c ac
i.e., a (a+c) = b2
According to our assumption of the ∠B > ∠A holds (1)
Either b = (a + 1) or b = (a + 2) (as a, b, c consecutive)
In first case i.e. b = a + 1 b2 =a(a+c)
(a+1)2 = a(a+c), i.e. a2 + 2a + 1 = a2 + ac
2a + 1 =ac a | 1 a = 1 c = 3 and b = 2
Which is impossible thus b a 1
Then, let b = a + 2 then c = a + 1, now (a + 2)2 = a(a + a +1 ) = 2a2 +a
a2 – 3a – 4 = 0
a = -1 or 4, but a 1 (reject)
a = 4, thus b = 6 and c = 5
There is only one triangle satisfying the conditions of the problem, i.e., the
triangle whose measures are 4, 5, and 6.
28. Find the angle x in adjacent figure.
Sol.
GEOMETRY 104
DX || AB & Join AX
ABXD is isosceles Trapezium
ABCD cyclic
AOB & X OD are equilateral D’S
Let AD = BX = a
AB = OA = OB = b
OX = OD = XD = C
C = DBC = 20
CD = b + c
Similarly CX = b + c
CDX CAB
CD DX
CA AB
bc c
abc b
Also AE angle bisector in ∆AXC
XE AX bc
EC AC a b c
XE c
EC b
Also XE EC b c
XE c & EC b
XE = XD = b
XDE DEX
2DEX 100
DEX 50
x 30 50
x 20
29. (CHINA/1993) ABC is equilateral, D is on BC such that CD = 2BD. If CH ^ AD at H, prove that
DBH = DAB
GEOMETRY 105
Sol.
From A introduce AM BC at M. Then Rt ADM ~ Rt CDH, so
AD DM
CD DH
ABC is equilateral
BD + DM = BM = CM = 3/2 BD
DM = 1/2BD, so that
AD AD CD HD
BD 2MD 2HD HD
ADB ~ BDH S.S.S .
Thus DHB DAB
30. In ABC, A = 2B. Prove that AC2 + AB.AC = BC2
Sol. Suppose that the angle bisector of A meets BC at D. Since DAC = 1/2A = B, CAD ~ CBA
(A.A.A)
AC CD
or AC 2 BC.CD
BC AC
AB BD
Since AD Bisects A yield
AC CD
AC2 AB.AC
AB
AC2 1
AC
BD
BC. CD 1
CD
BC CD BD BC 2
Thus, AC2 + AB. AC = BC2
GEOMETRY 106
31. (APMO/1993) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral such that all sides have equal length and angle ABC is
60° Let l be a line passing through D and not intersecting the quadrilateral
(Except at D). Let E and F be the points of intersection of l with AB and BC respectively. Let M be
the point of intersection of CE and AF. Prove that CA2 = CM.CE.
Sol.
ABCD is rhombus implies that EAD = DCF = ABC = 60°
AB || CD, AED CDF, therefore ADE ~ CFD
AE CD
AD CF
AE AC
It follows that
AC CF
EAC ACF 120
EAC ~ ACF S.A.S
FAC CEA
Since ACE is shared by triangles EAC and AMC, C ~ MAC,
CA CM
Therefore , namely CA 2 CE.CM
CE CA
32. (CHINA/1979) in a RTABC, C = 90°, BE is the angle bisector of B, CD ^ AB at D and CD
intersects BE at O. Through O introduce FG || AB such that FG intersects AC; BC at F; G
respectively. Prove that AF = CE.
GEOMETRY 107
Sol.
We define the angels 1 to 6 as shown the diagram below. Then
1 2 3, GO GB and 4 1 90 2 6, so 6 4 5
Which implies CE = CO. Since COG ~ FOC and FG || AB, we have
AF BG GO CO CE
CF CG CG CF CF
Hence CE = AF
33. (CHINA/1998) In the quadrilateral ABCD, AC and BD intersect at O, the line l is parallel to BD,
intersecting the extensions of AB; DC; BC; AD and AC at the points M; N; R; S and P respectively.
Prove that PM . PN = PR . PS.
Sol. Since BD || MN, DOC ~ NPC, BOC ~ RPC , ABO ~ AMP , ADO ~ ASP, therefore we
have
PN CP PR PM AP PS
,
OD CO OB OB AO DO
Therefore we have
PN OD PM OB
,
PR OB PS OD
PN PM OD OB
. .
PR PS OB OD
PN.PM
1
PR.PS
i.e. PM. PN = PR.PS
GEOMETRY 108
34. (CHINA/1996) Given that P is an inner point of the equilateral triangle ABC, such that PA = 2, PB =
2 3 ,PC = 4. Find the length of the side of ABC.
Sol.
Rotate BPA around B in anticlockwise direction by 60°, then A C
Let the image of P be M under the rotation. Then BM = BP,MBP = 60°
So DMBP is equilateral , i.e. MP = 2Ö3. From MC = PA = 2 and
MP2+ MC2 = 12 + 4 = 42 = PC2
so PMC = 90° , BPA = BMC = 150°. Further PC = 2MC implies MPC = 30°, so BPC= 90°,
and BC2 = PB2 + PC2 = 12 + 16 = 28, thus, BC = 28 2 7 .
35. (CHINA/1996) ABCD is a rectangle, P is an inner point of the rectangle such that P A = 3; PB = 4;
PC = 5, find PD.
Sol.
By passing through P introduce the lines QR || BC, where Q and R are on AB and DC
respectively. Then
AP2 + PC2
PQ2 AQ2 PR 2 CR 2
PQ2 RD2 PR 2 BQ2
PQ 2 BQ 2 PR 2 RD 2
PB2 PD2
Thus, PD 2 PA 2 PC 2 PB2
GEOMETRY 109
= 9 + 25 – 16 = 18 i.e. PD 18
36. Determine whether such a right-angled triangle exists: each side is an integer and one leg is a
multiple of the other leg of the right angle.
Sol. Suppose that such a triangle exists Let a and b be the lengths of the two legs of the right angle ,
where b = ka for some positive integer k. If c is the length of hypotenuse. By Pythagoras, Theorem
c 2 a 2 b 2 1 k 2 a 2
2
c c
Since 1 k 2 is integer so a |c. Let = m, then m2 = 1+k2.
a a
However k 2 1 k 2 k 1 indicates that 1+ k2 Is not a perfect square a contradiction
2
Thus there is no a triangle satisfying the required conditions.
37. (CHINA/1998) ABCD is a rectangle. AD = 12; AB = 5. P is a point on AD, PE ^ BD at E,
PF ^ AC at F. Find PE + PF
Sol. Connect PO. PE, PF are the heights of DPO and APO, we can use the area method for getting the
sum of the two heights. Since DO = AO
PE PF .AO PE.DO PF.AO 2 DPO APO
1 12.5
ABCD 30
2 2
1 2
AO 5 12 2 6.5
2
60
PE PF 30 6.5
13
38. (CHINA/1996) Given that the point P is outside the equilateral
triangle ABC but inside the region of ABC. If the distances
from P to BC, CA, AB are h1, h2 and h3 respectively, and
h1 – h2 + h3 =6 find the area of ABC.
GEOMETRY 110
Sol. Connect PA, PB, PC. Le The length of the side of ABC be a then
ABC PAB PBC PAC
1
h1a h 3a h 2a 3a
2
3 2
ABC a , a 4 3
4
ABC 12 3
39. (CHINA/1958) Let AD, BE, CF be the three angle bisectors of the triangle ABC, prove that the ratio
2abc
of area of DEF to area of ABC is equal to , where a = BC, b= CA and c = AB
a bb c c a
AE c
Sol. By the theorem on angle bisector
EC a
bc ab
Therefore AE , EC , Similarly
ac ab
bc ac
AF , BF
ab ab
ac ab
BD , CD
bc bc
[AFE] AF.AE
[ABC] AB.AC
bc
.Simiarly
a b b c
BDF ac
CED ab
,so
ABC b a b c ABC c a c b
DEF 1 bc
ca
ab
ABC a b a c b a b c c a c a
a b b c c a bc b c ca c a ab a b
a b b c c a
2abc
a b b c c a
GEOMETRY 111
40. In a trapezium ABCD, AD || BC, the extensions of BA and CD
intersect at E. Make EF || BD where EF intersects the extension of
CB at F. On the extension of BC take G such that
CG = BF. Prove EG || AC.
Sol. Connect AG, FD. Since AD || BC, we have [ABD]= [ACD]
EBD EAD ABD
EAD ACD EAC
On the other hand, Since EF || BD
EBD FBD ACG ,
EAC ACG , EG || AC
41. (JAPAN/1991) Given that G is the centroid of ABC, GA =
2 3, GB 2 2 , GC 2 . Find the area of ABC.
Sol. Extend AG to P such that AG = GP. Let AP and BC intersect
at D, then D is the midpoint of BC, and GD = DP =1/2 AG.
Therefore BGCP is a parallelogram BP = GC = 2
2
GB2 BP 2 2 2 22
= 12 GP 2 , GBP 90
BGCP is rectangle
1
BGC BGCP
2
1
.2.2 2 2 2
2.
ABC 3 BGC 6 2
42. (Ceva’s Theorem) P is an inner point of ABC. Extend the lines AP; BP; CP to intersect the opposite
BD CE AF
side at D; E; F respectively, then . . 1
DC EA FB
GEOMETRY 112
Sol.
BD ABD PBD ABD PBD APB
Since , and similarly
DC ACD PCD ACD PCD CPA
CE BPC AF CPA
,
EA APB FB BPC
BD CE AF APB BPC BPC
. . . . =1
DC EA FB CPA APB APB
Note : When P the point of intersection of three lines,. Is outside the triangle ABC, the conclusion is
still true, and it can be proven similarly
43. (AIME/1992) In triangle ABC, A’, B’ and C’ are on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Given
AO BO CO AO BO CO
that AA’, BB’ and CC’ are concurrent at point O, and 92 find . .
OA ' OB OC' OA ' OB' OC'
Sol.
Let x = [BOC], y = [COA], z = [AOB]. Since AOC & AˈOC have equal altitudes and AOB and
A’OB so are also
AO AOC AOB
OA ' A 'OC A 'OB
AOC AOB] y z
A 'OC A 'OB x
Thus
GEOMETRY 113
AO BO CO x y y z z x
. .
OA ' OB' OC ' xyz
yz 2 y 2 z x 2 z xz 2 xy 2 yx 2 2xyz
xyz
yz xz xy
2
x y z
AO BO CO
2 92 2 94
OA ' OB ' OC '
44. (AIME/1989) Point P is inside ∆ABC. Line segments APD; BPE, and CPF are drawn with D on
BC, E on CA, and F on AB (see the figure below). Given that AP = 6; BP = 9; P D = 6; PE = 3,
and CF = 20. Find the area of ∆ABC.
Sol.
From D introduce DL || AC, intersecting PB at L.
AP PD and APE ~ DPL, APE DPL
PL PE 3, BL LE 6
D is the midpoint of BC
From D introduce DK ||AB here K is on PC, then PDK PAF
1
PF CF 5, CP 15
4
By the formula for median
BC 2 4PD 2 2 PC 2 PB2
GEOMETRY 114
BC 2 2 15 2 9 2 12 2 468 i.e.BD 2 117 9 2 6 2 PB 2 PD 2
Therefore PD PB at P. Hence [BPD] = 1/2 .6.9 = 27
Based on the area of BPD, we can get [ABC] as follows:
CPD BPD 27, BPA BPD 27 , APC CPD 27
[ABC] 4.27 108
45. P is in the interior of ∆ABC. The lines AP, BP, CP meet the opposite sides BC, CA, AB in D, E, and
F respectively.
AP BP CP
6
(i) PD PE PF
(II) When does the equality hold?
Sol.
Let [APC] = x [ABP]= y & [BPC] = Z
PA APC ABD APC ABP
PD PDC PBD PC PBD
PA x y
PD z
PB y z PC x z
Similarly &
PE x PF y
PA PB PC x y y x x z
PB PE PF 2 x y
x y y z x z
≥ 6
y x z y 2 x
x y
(ii) Equality hold if xy
y x
y z
yz
z y
X=y=z
P is centroid
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