A R YA N MAOR I .

E D W AR D T EE G E AR .

0 3777 6 9 61) 6 8 93 S ék erp o v .

W E LL I NGT ON
G E OR GE D I D S B UR Y, G O VER NMENT PR I NTE R .
 C O NTENT S .

P AG E
CH APTER I .

I N TR O D U C T O R Y

CH APTER II .

L AN G UAG E

CHAPTER III .

AN I MAL S , C U S T O M S , E TC .

CHAPTER I VJ

MYTH O L O G Y

CH APTER V .

T I ME OF MI G R ATI O N ET C
, .

CH APTER V

AN E S O T ER I C L AN G UAG E

C O N C L U S I ON

APPE ND I !
 T HE
7
A
YR Y A N
M AO R I .

C H A P T ER I .

I N TR OD U C TOR Y .

”
TH E di scovery of
a new wo rld is the exp ression
u se d by a great German thinke r in regard to the

wonderful widening o f hum a n knowledge which arose

with the birth o f Philolog y T o learn that m any
.

nations separated by distance by a ges of strife and

, ,

bloodshed by differing religious cre eds and by

'

.
, ,

ancient custo ms yet had a co mmon sou r ce of birth

, ,

that their forefathers spoke the same tongue and ,

s at in one council hall wa s as delightful to the man

-
,

o f pure intellect as it w a s v a luable to the student o f

,

history. N e w fields of thought endles s paths o f ,

inquiry Opened before the feet o f the worker bring

, ,

ing rew a rd at every ment al step and promising ‘

alw ays new delights beyond Co mp a r ative Philology

.

and Co mparative Mythology are t he two y oungest and

fairest daughters o f Knowledge .

The rese arches o f these twin sisters have resulted

,

in arranging the peoples o f the civiliz ed w orld into

three great families : l s t those speaking th e m
,
ono
syllabic l angu ages the Chinese S i amese &c ; 2 nd
—
, ,
.
,

those using the Turanian o r no madic forms o f speech

( a gglutinated) the T artar s Lapps and oth er s 3 rd
—
, , ,
 2 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

the S pe ake rs of the inflected languages of the S emitic

and Ar yan r a ces The S em itic co mprises the H ebrew
.
,

Ch alde an Ph oeni ci an E thiopic &c

,
the Ar y a n o r , , .

Indo E uropean includes S anscrit Zend G reek Latin

-
, , , ,

Celtic S clav o nic and minor tongues

,
It is with the
,
.

Ary an branch that this book h a s to do .

N orth of the H imal aya R ange , on the high table :

land tow ard Tart ary lay the gre a t birthpl a ce o f the ,

Ary an people Meru is the name given to it by H indu

.

writers who a fter a tho u sand ye ars of tradition s aw

, , ,

it through the mist of poetry and legend as a mighty

, ,

peak the centre of the J amb ud v ip a

,
”
the known -
,
”
world : it was supposed to stand in the midst o f the
six other d vip a s or continents which they believed to ,

co mprise the whole earth But a part from myth it .

, ,

is now well known that the wide plains to the e a st of

t h e Caspian S e a w e re the ho m e o f a n a tion which was the

mother o f modern civiliz ation a n a tion of m any tribes ,

but speaking one langu age and h a ving a community ,

“
of custom s an d habits They c alled the mselves Ary a .
,
”
fro m a word root ar noble well born they like
-
, , ,
- —
,
“
m ost other communities thinking they were the ,

people and all outsiders b rbari ns

a a
* As years .

passed either their pastor al lands became too narrow

,

for the gre at increase of population o r else that , , ,

w onde rf ul spirit of enterprise and colonization which

has a lways distinguished their race pro mpted them ,

to migrate in vast nu mbers fro m their n ative soil .

Two thousand years before Christ one great wave o f

men went flowing west wa rd into E urope fighting ,

their way through the dense forests and the deep

morasses crossing bro a d rivers overrunning and
, ,

absorbing the settlements of the a borigines Thus .

,

* “
S eeing a ll thi ng s wh e th e r S ud a o r Ary a
,
rS ud . ra is a

b e in g of low c as t e a vil e wre t c h

, ( S e e Ath arn a Ve da IV
.
-
.
, 20, 4
! I! .
, 6 2,
 I N T R O D U C T O RY .
3

the G r eeks , the R omans the C e ltac the Slav s and, , ,

the Teutons had their origin supe r seding the

speakers o f the primitive langu ages until we have t o ,

seek in the Basque tongue of the dweller in the

Pyrenees o r in the Arnautic s peech of the Albanian
,

mount aineer for the o ld sporadic languages of E urope

, ,

pr ese r ved among barren r ange s whithe r it was not

”

worth the while o f the A ryan to follow and ej ect

them .

Let us r eturn to the fountain head in Asia As a-

, .

wave had passed O ff westwa rds s o a nother s wept ,

towards the south down through the d e file s o f the

,

H indu Kush O ver India Persia Media B actri a spread

.
, , ,
”
the noble people until Aryan o f the Ar y an s wa s
,
.

o n e o f the proudest titles o f D arius a n d Persia was ,

“ ” “ ”
Ira n in the E ast as Irel and was B irin in the West
,
.

T his new dominion was divided into two p arts di s ,

t inguis he d in course o f ti me b y difference o f l anguage

, , ,

o n e speaking the Zend in which the Zend Avesta wa s

,

wr itten b y Zoroaster the other branch using the

,

S anscrit with the V ed a s for their holy book

,
S an .

s crit was spoken in India until about the fifteenth

century before Christ ; but the Brahmins had m ade it
a s a cred language and it was kept from the common
,

people . It was however unwritten the e a rliest in

, ,

(
s c rip t ion s kn own in D ev a n a gari the S anscrit character )

are those o f Kin g Asoka about 2 50 B C

.
,
At that . .

ti me the S anscrit was the priestl y possession s o al , ,

though the inscriptions were written in S anscrit

characte r they are in Prakrit ( common )words
,
The .

S anscrit o f the V ed as is very o ld the first o r R ig V eda, ,

-
,

is supposed to have been composed about 2 4 00

It is valuable to philologists ( as will be s hown par
t icula rly further o n) from its giving olde r forms of
words than can be obtained from mode r n S anscrit ,

an d it ha s been us ed in compar ison with the E ur opean

4 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

sister language s in a very v aluable manne r

- Besides .

the V ed a s and the U panishads India posse s ses two ,

great poems the Mahab arata and the R amayana but

,

they are much later than the e a rly V edas .

I must impre s s u p o n my reader the necessity of

r emembering that the Ary ans who became the ruling ,

and exclusive people of Indi a were not the original ,

owners o f the soil The ma gnificent te mples the

.
,

great cities the wonderful syste ms o f religion and

,

philosophy w ere not the w ork of the first inh abitants

o f H industan They were the outco m e o f that tribal
.

intelligence that vitality o f m ind and body which

, ,

evolved the art o f Greece the strength of R o me the , ,

c o mm erce of Britain In the forests o f Ceylon on

.
,

the hills of Assam in the recesses of the H i malaya

,

d well the descendants Of those s av a ge people whose

ancestors fled before the Aryan tidal wave T hese -
.

aborigines were c alled N a g as the serpent worship ,

pers N aga me aning great serpent

—
.

They were supposed in the poetry of the later ,

S anscrit to be demons and gi ants and to inh abit a

, ,

pl a ce c alled Patala ; their king Anant a is s aid to , ,

h ave had a thousand hooded he ads on e a ch of which ,

”
w as the S wastik a the mystic cross They are
,
.

a l w ays m entioned wi th a bhorrence as the ene mies of

gods an d men Although we seem here to be de aling

.

w ith f ables it is cert ain that there w a s an a borigin a l

,

r a ce so c alled N ag a d v ip a w as one of the s even

.
—

d ivisions of O ld Indi a a n d kings of this race ruled at,

Mathur a P ad in at i 85 0 N a gpur is a n ame derived

, ,
.

fro m N ag a They were prob abl y a S cythic race and

.
,

derived their n ame fro m their de adly mode of fi ght

ing an d their worship of the serpent There are about
,
.

sixty thous and N a gas still living in the N a ga H ills of

Assam India ,
.
 I N T R O D U C T O RY .
5

I have made this brief historical sketch concise as ,

it coul d possibly be written in orde 1 to present ,

to the general reade 1 a vie w of the early rel ations of

the race I will n o w proceed to state ce 1 tain f a cts
.
,

o n which I have such reliance that I feel positively

assured if any o n e will ta ke the trouble to f ollow my

,

h h
'

rea s onin
g e will
,
s a re my convictions before he
reaches the end o f this small book however in cre d u ,

lous he may be at the outset .

”
In using the name Maori I shall confine it gene
rally to the Maori o f N e w Ze al and as being the typ e ,

best kno wn to myself y e t in its l arger se nse I in , ,

c lud e the Maori spoken of in the following extract ,

wherein Mr S terndale treating o f the light coloured

.
,
-

branch of the Polynesian isl a nders and comp aring

“
the m with those o f N ew Ze al and s ays Their lan , ,

guage is so f ar identic al that they readily under

stand o n e another without the intervention of an in
,

t e rpre t er Their social custo ms a re analogous ; their

.

traditions an d habits of thinking are the sam e They .

have but o ne ancient na me whereby they distinguis h

themselves from the rest of hu manity
I now proceed t o a ssert
Positively ,

1 Th at the Maori is an Aryan

. .

2 . Th at his l angu age an d tr aditions prove him t o

be the descendant o f a p astoral people ,

a fterwards w a rlike and migrator y .

3 . That his language has preserved in an almost ,

inconceivable purity the speech o f his ,

Ary a n forefathe rs and co mpared with ,

which the G reek and Latin tongues are

mere corruptions .

S outh S ea Is l an d s R e p o t
r , N Z
. . G ov e rnmen t , 28 th March , 1884 .
6 T H E A RY AN MAO R I .

4 . T hat thi s language has embalmed the memory ,

of animals i mplements &c the actual

, ,
.
,

sight of which has been los t to the Maori

“

for centuries .

P robably ,

1 . That he left Indi a about four thousand years

ago.

2 . T hat he has been in N ew Zealand almos t as

long as that time .

To prove these bold ass e r tions i s task in the

following chapter s .
 L A N G U AG E .
7

C H A P TER II .

L A NG U A G E .

W E mu s t r emember that although S an s c r it ha s been

,

proved to be the dearest and faire s t of all the chil

dren o f the Aryan tongue yet she he r self is n o t the
,

mothe r o f o ur E urope a n l anguages T he migrating.

tribes had left centuries before wh at we call S ansc r it

had g r own to m a turity and those tribes took with
the m in man y ca s es forms o f speech m
,

, ,
ore closely
a llied to the archaic t y pe than any S a ns crit has n ow

to s how . Let me give an example The S anscrit .

word for dog is svan o r evan that the c was n ot

,

o ri g inally pronounced as if written with the ce dilla ,

“
making the s ibillant s s ound is proved b y the
,

E uropean paron y ms ( p a rallel words ) In Latin it is .

,

c anis once kanis ; in Greek it is kuon S o wi th pic

,
.
, ,

Ary an for sharp 5 Greek p ik ro s E nglish pike & c In

, , , .

the early forms o f all languages a pauci ty o f letters

is observable I will t reat o f this in regard to the
.

Maori further on but it i s cert ain th a t letters rep re ,

s enting shades o f sound g rO w with civilization

,
I do .

n o t include the Chinese variety o f langu a ges where ,

each letter represe n ts a word but I mean the tone

letter only The reas on Comp arative Philology is such
.

a modern birth is th a t o f o ld this w a s n o t understood ,

and the l aws o f transference have only l ately been laid

down . The l aws need s tudy and attention to master ,

the res ults appear doubtful to those who have n ot

p a s sed the initi ation but certain to those who have
,
8 TH E A RYAN MAO R I .

done so every word h as its proper parentage nor is it ,

”
evolved fro m no where Who could believe o n the .
,
“
word o f any o n e but M uller that a uj ourd hui ,
’

“ ”
French for to day contained the Latin word
- e

*
dies twice ! H ow dif erent o i o s
f n G reek fo r ,
”
wine looks from the L atin vinum ; yet the di s
,

c ov e ry of a di alect o f G reek the E olic using a , ,

letter ( the dig amm a) w ith the sound of F made com

parison easy : o in os o r o in on P o in on vinu m , ,
.

These examples are as sh ado w s of what the student

o f E uropean tongues must look for My task is an .

easier and m ore delightful one : the re ader w ill be

able to follow the deriv a tions with ease and ple a sure .

But he must remember that M a ori is a langu age o nly

written dow n about forty years ag o this writing being ,

done by E nglishmen with whom Maori was n o t ,

the m other tongue an d wh o laboured under other

-
,

disadvantages H ere let m e pause one moment and

.
,

as the humblest follower o f s mence th ank those ,

mi s sIO n arie s and others who h ave preserved the

language even a s it is the faithf ulness and beauty o f
—

their work will be a herit age for their d escend a nts .

I t does not follo w bec ause two peoples h ave (even

,

m any ) w ords in comm on th a t they are closel y con ,

n e c t e d by descent The E nglish a re absorbing every

.

d ay w ords from othe r languages such as the French ,

“ ” “ ”
words chaperon badin age 85 0 At one time unde r
, ,
.
,

the pressure of the N orman Co n quest th ey received ,

many w ords But at its heart the n ational tongue

.
, ,

remained unch anged The word s man wo man sun .

, , ,

m oon star God w ife & c never became co nfused

, , , , .
,

I mus t h ere a p ol ogi ze t o th e c l a s s i ca l re a d er f or w itin g my

. r

G re e k word s in th e L a ti n l e tt er ma ki n g th e m h a rd t o re co gn i e
s, z .

B ut a l a
, o ur P a rn a s s i an
s,
“
f oun t of G e e k l e tt ers run s e xce e d
”
r

ing sma ll .
 L AN G U A G E .
9
‘

with homme fem me s oleil lune etoile D ieu femme

, , , , , ,

had they done so it would have been merel y a transfer

from on e Ar yan tongue to another But if there be .
,

two nations all whose vita l words come of the same

s tock the n the r e are two nations whose ances tor s
,

were brothe rs .

With thi s b r ief necess ar y digression I will introduce ,

the r eade r to two sister tongues To those wholly -

.

unacquainted wit h the Maori language I would s ay ,

that the following simple rules must be reg a rded

The vowels are to be pronounced as in French thu s ,
” “ ”
Me r e like the E ngl ish M ar y ; Kati as if
“

, ,

” “ ”
writte n Kah tee ; and the u like 00 as patua
-
, ,
“ ”
like p a too ah -N ext th a t wh ak a prefixed to a
-
.
, ,

word is causative thus : t ak o to to lie down wh ak at a

, , ,
“
koto to lay down ; haere ( the
,
ac like E nglish
to go o r come ; wh ak ah aere to cause t o go ,
.

” “
La s tly that ng ,
and k are interch ange able in
diff erent d i alects thus : t ang at a and tak at a Kainga
, ,

and Kaika Waitangi and W aitaki are si milar

,
.

Th e bb revi ati on s use d are

a f r S an s crit ( G r )f or Gre e k o , . ,

( L a t )f or L atin ( M )f or M a ori ( Eng )f or E n gli sh ( c f )f or c on tero

.
, .
, , . ,

comp a re & c ( p an ) f or p ar n y m p a ra ll e l wo d in an o th e r lan

, .
, o —
r

guage ( M p r )M aori p ron unc i a ti on

, . . .

to grow increase : (M pr ) tu , . . .

Ta pu t o grow , .

Ka tua full grown ,

-
.

Ma tutu to grow health y , .

Tutu to assemble, .

W hak a tupu to nourish -

, .

Turuk i to grow up in addition

,

sucker o f a tree ) .

Tit h e a overgrown , .
IO TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

M
( )H
. ilt i a ra
y o f the S im
,
.

H iko to b e gin t o shin e

,
.

H iko dist a nt lightnin g

,
.

H inat o re to t winkle ,
.

Ihi the dawn

,
.

H ika t o rub sticks fo r fi r e

, .

Ihi ihz a ray o f the sun

’

-
.
,

Vevi, to obtai n : ( M .

( M ) Whiwhi to receive
.
,
.

Awhi to embrace
’

.
,

Awhin a to benefit ,
.

H awhe t o surround ,
.

R awk i, to grasp s eize ,

.

Tawhz food
’

.
,

P a, to protect : ( M p r ) pa ( G r ) Pagos a . . . .
,

hill ( Lat ) p a gus a village ; ( H indu) pu r,

.
,

a town as N a gpu r 85 0
, ( H indu) pahar a ,
.
,

hill .

P a a fortified town
,
.

P ap a a f ather
, .

P a h a o to enclo s e ,
.

P a ra bravery ,
.

P ap a t u a bulwark ,
.

P a kuku to s creen f r om the wind

, .

P a e to surround with a borde r

, .

P a re to ward o ff
,
.

R ip a a bound a ry
, .

T aup a fat covering the inte s tine s

, .

K aup a re to ward Off , .

Kop a ni to enclose , .

Tup a ru to th atch ,
.

P a re t u a a p ad under a load
, .

Kop a ki the envelope , .

And many othe r s .

 L AN G U AG E . I I

Va r, wate r : ( M pr ) wa . . .
( Ge rman ) wa sser

( E ng ) w a ter
. and we t . Latin and Greek
from anothe r r oot .

M
( ) . W a i water ,
.

Awa a rive r ,
.

A wha r a in ,
.

Wa re s aliv a ,
.

K akawa s weat ,
.

R e wa to flo a t ,
.

Wa ri a watery potato , .

Kowa neap tide ,

-
.

El m, to be ( M pr ) pu ( G r ) phuo . . . .
;
f uo ; (cf Gr ) pneum a .
,
. .

P u a tribe
,
.

P u to blow
,
.

P uak i to co me forth ,
.

P uhip uhi gro w ing in bunche s ,

.

P up uhi to swell ,
.

H ap u pregn ant ,
.

P uk ahu abund ant ,

.

P uku the a ffections,

.

P una a spring , .

P unu a young of ani mal s ,

.

P ua s eed ,
.

P a rap ura seed ,

.

H ap u a sub tribe ,
-
.

M ap u to pl ant ,
.

P ap ua fruitful ,
.

Tup a hi to nurse ,
.

Tup ua a spirit ,
.

T ip a n a an a ncestor (producer)
,
.

And m any others .

Th e fi rs t sen s e o f
“
to b e
”
is t o b rea th e or b l ow, th e se con d
th at of i ncre as e , as ( G r )p h uo . .
1 2 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

( ) ( )
’

S k . Vrt , to choose
M pr wiri : . . .

M
( )
’ ’

.Vt riwhzré to select choose , ,

.

K o wi nrz to select
' '

.
,

( S k ) Ay a s
. the dawn : ( M pr ) 51
,
. . .
( G r ) E os . an d

a os ( Lat ) eos d awn .

, .

(M )AO the d awn

.
,
.

Mare e a o t he dawn , .

H a ea t a the dawn ,
.

( S k .
) j
R a ,to shine : ( M pr ) ra . . .

(M )R a the sun (common to all ancient peoples )

.
,
.

R a m a a torch ,
.

R a ngi the heavens ,

.

T i ra the r ay,
.

R a whiti the e ast (sun rising) ,

-
.

B a ra p a to fl a sh forth , .

B a t ara ta red hot ,

-
.

Kura red brilliant , , .

T ara r ays ,
.

R a umati sum mer , .

And m any others .

( S k ) Ag ni fire : the god of fire

.
, ( Lat ) ignis ; . .

(E ng ) ignite . .

(M ) All i fi re s a cred of a chief

.
, ( S ee nex t —
, .

word ) .

Kap ila a certain holy personage : (M pr )

,
. .

Kapir a .

K apil a a celebrated anchoret ,

.

The gre at reverence in which K apil a was held

may be presumed fro m the fact th at he is
so meti mes considered as an inc arnation o f
the god Agni or ,

B h a g a va d -
G it a : ( T homson ) p ,
. 187 .
I4 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

(Sk .
) an
Va s h, opening ( M pr ) wah a . . .

M
( ).W a ha the mouth ,
.

Ku wa ha the doorway ,
.

Wa hapu the mouth o f a river

,
.

(S k noble (M pr ) A
) Ar, . . .

M
( ).A riki a chief ,
.

R iks hi (V edic spelling) a priest : (M pr riki ,

. . .

( M )Ariki
.
,
a noble priest or s acred person fro m ,

ar a n d rik shi .

The seven R ik shis (modern R ishi ) w ere ,

those to who m the s a cred Ved a s w ere reve aled .

They were deified an d bec ame the s even stars ,

in the northern constell a tion of the G reat

Bear H ence the Maori words for no r th
.
“ ”

t u arik i and raki .

Ma to me a sure : (M pr )ma ( Lat )machin ari;

,
. . . .

(E ng )make
. .

(M ) Ma ma light
.
,
.

Taumah a heavy ,
.

Ma ro a fatho m
,
.

Ma t ak e to inspect ,
.

T u ma a n o d d nu mber
,
.

Ma t au to know ,
.

Fro m this root (ma to measure to set , ,

in order) all philologists are agreed in saying

that m atar and m atri the S a nscrit words for ,

mother h ave been Obt a ined A !mothe r is

,
.

“ ”
o n e who sets in order (besides that o f
suckling mamm ae) and this is the origin of
—
,

the M a ori word matu a a parent one who ,

—

a rr anges affairs .
 L AN G U A G E . I 5:

( S k .
) Ma the,
moon ( time mea s urer ) -
( M p r ) ma
. . .

(M )Ma r ama t he moon

.
,
.

T his is compounded o f ma the moon and , ,

rama light R ama a nd Krishn a (black )

,
.

light and darkness were the twin sons Of —

Aditi the Infi nite Mother

,
R ama is often -
.

called R ama Chandr a Chand r a being another

-
,

S ansc r it name f or moon .

(S k ) Ad iti ( late r At h it i) ( M pr )atiti . . .

Aditi was the Ineffable a n d In c o mp rehe n

sible P arent (N ature) O nly known in M a ori .

b y atiti to st r a y to wander
, , .

( S k .
) G one an angle : ( M pr ) koni
,
. . .

an angle ; ( Lat )a ngulus . .

(M ) Kokong a an angle
.
, .

K ona e a turning in a path

, .

K ona lcet an g a a co r ner , .

K onana slanti n g ,
.

Kononi crooked , .

K onumi t o fold , .

Ta n, t o stretch o ut extend : ( M p r ) tan , . .

( Lat ) tendo ; ( G r ) t an uo
. . .

(M ) Ta ngo to take (extend hand)

.
,

Ta tang o to snatch , .

Ta nu to plant ( extend cultivation)

, .

Ta niwha a water m onster ,

-
.

Ta ngan a stragglers ,
.

Ta ngar a loose , .

( S k )B il to split divide : ( M p r ) pir ( a)

, , . . .

(M ) P irahu and p irak au fi r ewood

.
, .

P irar a t o be divid ed , .
1 6 TH E A R Y AN MAO R I

secret : (M pr ) kuha
G a ha, . . .

M
( ).Ka il a to conce a l ,
.

Q0, to sha r pen : ( M p r ) k o . . . cos, a

W hetstone .

M
( ). K oi sharp ,
.

Koing a point o r edge ,

.

K oiat a to throw up a new ,

Kati to cut ,
.

G iza -
s, to eat : (M p r )k a . . .

Ka mu to e at ,
.

Ka me to e at ,
.

K a i to eat (with a hundred comp ound

,

words ) .

K a muri cooking shed ,

-
.

Ka uta cooking shed ,

-
.

H a ka ri a fe a st ,
.

H e ng a food for a working p art y

,
.

maize .

K a o dried kumar a
,
.

Taina o k u cooked ,
.

W h ang a i to feed ,
.

Manas the heart or mind : ( M pr ) mana

, . . .

(M )Ma no the heart

.
,
.

Ma naw a the heart (with its compound

,

w ords ) .

Maa noa a pet fondling , , .

Ma na ko to s et o ne s he art on ,
’
.

Mina mina desire , .

A mene desire ,
.

Ma na a D ivine eman ation

, .

This last is a very impo r t a nt word ; some

o f the best Maori schol a rs
* have been unable

S ee O ld New Z e a l an d ,
”
b y J ud g e M a nin g .
 L AN G U A G E . I7

M continued
a ntle— .

to define it ex a ctly but i t is in its original , ,

meaning mind intelligence ,

It was after ,
.

w a rds in Indi a used as the subtle force o f

, ,
”
the creative power o f Brah ma ; thence it
dropped down to the meaning of magic The .

M aoris have k ept its r eal s en s e better

J fire : ( M pr ) ata wera

a ta -ve d a s , . .
-
.

Ata in M a ori is the reflection o f light It

, , .

appears as a ta reflected light ; a ta mara ma , ,

moonlight ; wh ak a a ta a mirror ; a n d a ta rau -

, ,

the moon It possessed however anothe r sense

.
, ,

in the V edas meaning poss essing all things

, ,
”
knowing all things T he state m ent th at .

the V ed a s were m ilked out from fire air and , ,

the sun expl a ins the connection of ata and

wera (M ) (ved a) he a t o r warmth
.
, .

Ka shine : ( M pr ) k a
-
s, to . . .

M
( ) H i.ka to kindle fire ( by r
,
ubbing sticks ) .

K a to be lighted ,
.

Ka ka red hot ,
-
.

K a n ak u fire ,
.

Ka n ap a bright ,
.

K a n apu lightning ,
.

Ka tore gli mmering ,

.

K a wain g a st a rs w hich p recede the d a wn

,
.

And others .

( S k ) Kes /ia h a iry ( M pr ) keha

,
. . only found o n ce ,

and in co m position .

( M ) Ma kekeha light haired

.
-
,
-
.

H i n d u C l as . D ic .
1 8 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

to le ave : ( M pr ) ha
H a, . . . .

M
( ).H a ere to go ,
.

H aif a to seek ,
.

H a pa gone by ,

H a p ain g a to St a rt ,
.

H a wh e to go round ,
.

Ko na parting instr uctions ,

.

Hi, to go (M pr ) ri . - . .

( M H ae re to go ,
.

R iro gone ,
.

H o ri to be gone by ,
.

K o riri to s a il together ,
.

Ko ri to move ,
.

Ke ri to rush violently ,
.

Pi ri to skulk o ff ,
.

R iu a to be gone ,
.

H a e reere to go a bout ,
.

P e ri ( 113 i a ledge fence enclosure : ( M pr )

-
, , ,
. .

p ari ri -
.

M
( ) P a ra k ii i innermost fence of a p a
.
’

,
.

P a i i d na to encompas s wrap round : ( M p 1 )

'
-
, ,
.

p ari ra -
.

(M ) P a ra ha ra lza
. hoop iron or anythin g ,
-
,

si mil a r .

‘
vVhit i a fl a t cord .

P ara /za ra lza a n y tool of thin iron ,

.

P a ri ta s around about
-
, ,
a ll round : (M .
p r .
)
p arita .

M
( ) P. 07 0ta /ca ro un d'

,
.
 LA N G UAG E . Ig ‘

(S k .
) P a ri la s hit a round
- the sky ( a st ron o m
,
ically ) ,

ar it o wh it ( a )
( M pr )p . . .

( M ) P oro whita the circle

.
,
.

D it a , to shake : ( M pr ) ru . . .

R a to r u mbl e
,
.

R am to shake ,
.

R a an e a rthqu ake
,
.

H a ra ra to ru mble ,
.

H orzr to snor t
'

.
,

M u ra to rub ,
.

Para ru to ru b togeth e r ,
.

T arara to sh ake ,
.

R a ra t ak e shiverin ,
g

N g ai ne to sh a ke'

, .

And m any o thers .

(S k .
) P la va ka , a ship : ( M pr ) p arawak a (G r ) . . . .

plo io n a ship ,
.

( M ) PV
. a lca a canoe an d its compounds
,
Al , .

lud e d to after wa rds more fully .

( Gk Va r
,
to cover clothe ( M pr )wa r ( e ) ,
. . .

(M ) . M i a re a house ,
.

Wiza reu mu, cooking shed -

.

VAa rik i co v ered with a c a rpe t or m a t

T , .

to cut ( M pr ) ro : . . .

H a re to chop s mooth
,
with an
H o ro a l andslip ,
.

INh ak a iro to c ar v e -
,
.

’
Tarot a ro to cut one s ,

H ap e ro to c ut off ,
.
20 TH E A R YA N M AO R I
-
.

( S k . grow : ( M pr )hi
) H i, t o . . .

M
( ) P.ih i to grow ,
.

Mahit i to spring up ,
.

Sk .
) M a li a gre at :
, ( M pr ) m aha . . .

( M ) Ill a/2a many

7
.
.
,

Wa lt i abund ance
I
,
.

(S k .
) K ayaa a narr a tion :
, ( M pr ) ke w a or ka w a . . .

(M ) K a zzwf a u to recite old legends

’

z .
,

K a a wa i pedigree lineage , ,
.

”
From this w ord co m es K awi the ,

s a cred l an gu a ge of the priests of Jav a .

(S k .
) S id /5to be fulfilled ,perfected : ( M pr ) hir ( a )
,
. . .

( M ) “h ak a izira lzira to extol one s self cl ai m

T ’ ’
- -
.
, ,

perfection .

D e va , deity : ( M pr ) rewa
a . . .

Ahu rewa a shrine holy place , , .

Marewa ele v a ted high up , ,

.

P o re wa rew a , m a d .

T a re wa r a ised on high ,
.

R ewa eleva ted ,

.

to purify : ( M pr ) p u . . .

P ure a cere mony fo r r emoving the

,
tap u .

H e ip a ju s t proper , , .

P a a t a at u clear , .

P a roto cle a r , .

T up u genuine ,
.

(Sk the thunder god

Twa ciztrei, -
.

(M ) VVhatit iri t hunder

.
, .
22 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

(S k ) . Ti! ,
to s h arpen : (M pr ) ti ( G r ) s tizo . . . . .

Tto sh a rp p ie rc m g
, ,
.

Tia a peg or stake

,
.

Titi a pin or peg

,
-
.

Tirou pointed stick used as a fork

, .

Vri, to turn : (M pr ) w (i )ri . . .

( L a t ) ve rtex
. .

IViri an a uger gi mlet

'

.
, ,

Wiri to bore , .

W h ak a wiri to t w ist , .

K o ii iiri to writhe
’
'

, .

to obtain get : (M pr ) , . .

R ap i to cl u tch
,
.

Ap o to gr a sp
,
.

H ap a i to c a rry ,
.

T ap a e to present , .

Tap ik i to lay hold of , . .

( S k ) P ri to j oin together : ( M pr )p (i )ri

.
,
. . .

( M ) P iri t o stick
.
,
.

P ip iri co me to clos e quarters ,

.

P iriho n g o keep close ,

.

T a up iri w alk arm in arm ,

( S k ) P iny a d ark : ( M pr ) ping a

.
, . . .

(M ) P a ng o black or d ark ,
.

P a /ra scorched ,
.

( S k B ha ira , terribl e ( M pr ) paira . . .

( M ) P a iri afr aid And next

.
,
.

( S k ) B huta a gh ost
.
, ,
a ghoul : ( M pr ) put a . . .

( M ) P a ta p a e re
.
,
a s pirit goblin ,
.
 L AN G U AG E .
2 3

( S k .
) N a , to perish
g (M .
p r .
) ak ( )
u (
11 Lat )nocere . .
,

to hurt .

( M )N a Icu na /cu to red uce to frag ments

.
-
, .

Na /cu to scratch,
.

N one /Ce t o strugg le together

, .

( S k .
) K a rbure ,spotted : ( M p r ) kapure . . .

( M ) P ure in spots or patches

.
, .

P ure i isol a ted tufts of gr a ss

, .

Op are spotted with patches O f colour

, .

virtuous ( M pr ) hate or ate

S a te, . .
,
.

( M ) Ate heart (poetically ) the liver

.
,

among the R omans .

A ta true ,
.

A ta ahua good ple a s a nt , , .

A tawhai showing kindness ,

.

A tam ai liberal ,
.

ZV to die : ( M pr ) m ( o )ri to die

l ri, . .
,
.

m ors m o rio i & c

, ,
.

( M ) Morimori shorn of branches

.
,
.

Ma re a cough ,
.

W hak a mo mori t o co mm it suicide

-
,
.

Morcmoren g a the end ,

.

Ma rtta t o die ( M p r ) mat a

,
. . .

( M )Ma te to die
.
,
.

Ma ta medium o f communication with a

,

spirit .

M a tak u afr a id ,
.

Ma te ro t o abortion ,
.

Ma ti a a spear ,
.

Ma tak it e to p r actice divination ,

.
24 TH E A RY AN MAO R I .

to hold (M pr ) ri
D hri, . . .

M
( ).Pup u ri to hold ,
.

B ia k a t o s t r a in put forth strength

, , .

R iriwai net st akes in bed of river , .

R iro to be obt a ine d

,
.

R o ri to bin d ,

Tari a noose ,
.

bound confined (M p r ) par a

B a d d ha , ,
. . .

( )
M P a ra u slavery ,
.

P a ra k au a sl ave ,
.

P a ra u ri dark in colour , .

“
S o the M a oris had niggers once
the off spring of bond a ge .

( S k ) Ve t o weave : (M pr ) we or whe
.
,
. .
,
.

(M ) W/ en u the w arp of cloth

.
z

,
.

Whiri to pl ait ,
.

Whit au fl ax prep ared for weaving ,

.

VV hiwlzi to b e entangled ,
.

Tak awli e circ u itous ,

.

W h ak awlziwhi to w ind rou nd ,

.

Whek awliek a a gar ment ,

.

Ewe and Whe nua h ave a mystic a l and

wonderful meaning in their double connection
an allusion t o N ature we a ving at the loom of
’
the world ( S ee G oethe s Fau s t )
'

. .

( S k ) AS to breathe ; a s a vit al breath : ( M p r )

.
, ,
. .

and ahu .

(M )W h ak a a ea ea to pant for breath

.
-
,
.

Ai to beget procre a te
, ,
.

W hak a a hua to form f a shion -

, ,
.

A l ma pregnant ,
.

Au a hi s moke ( lite r ally

-
fi re brea th
, ,
-

H a n the wind ,
.
 L ANG U AG E . 2 5

( S k .
) S iv, to s ew : ( M pr ) hui . .
,
or tui .
( Lat ) .

s u e rc to sew ,
.

M
( ) . T a i to se w ,
.

Tui a string ,
.

Ko ta i to lace up ,
.

(S k N a hma n, a name : ( ) ( ( G
.
) M pr n aman a
) r
) . . . .

ono ma ; ( Lat ) no men . .

( M ) In g o a, a n am e
. .

This is a useful co mparative , unlike a s it

looks at first sight All pri mitive peoples re .

j oice in n g, and mb , a n d n k , an d th a t class

of sounds difficult for civiliz ed tongues to ,

speak But the E urope an Ary ans see m t o

.

h ave written their n g as gn ; th a t no men

( Lat ) was. once gno men is proved by c o

gno men that the G reek ono ma h ad the g s ound

is show n in g ig n o sco Thus the M a ori in g o a .

is ig no a only an d agrees with the E urope a n ,

-

form This is shown perh aps better in (M )

.
, , .

ng au to bite ; it is j ust the E nglish gn aw

, ,

with t h e letters turned (M ) k au a e the . .

,

j aw was once spoken as ng aua e the gnaw e r

, ,
-
.

( S k .
) Hve to call : (M p r ) hue
, . . .

(M ) H a a to n ame
.
,
.

H ui to congregate ,
.

(S k ) Khara desire : ( M pr )karu

, . . .

(M ) Ka re a roto object of passionate affection

.
- -
,
.

( S k ) R i a foe : ( M pr ) ri
.
, . . .

M
( ) R iri to be a ngry
.
,
.

H o a riri an ene my —
,
.
26 T H E ARY AN MAO R I .

( S k ) P i to drink : ( M pr )pi ( G r ) pino I d rin k ;

'

.
, . . . .
,

pinon beer ; ( Lat ) bibo I drink

, .
,
.

( M ) In u to drink
.
,
.

K Op ih a a pool of w ater , .

K op iro to d uck the he a d unde r wate r

, .

K op iro steeped i n w ate r , .

Iin u to drink f re q uently

, .

This l a st word shows that i and not p i i s

the real ro Ot .

( S k ) Q a to cut
.
, (M pr ) k a ( Lat ) S ic an i a tribe
: . . . .
,

n amed fro m their being reapers ; the s ic kle

has a fine s aw edge -
.

( M ) Ka ni a s aw
.
,
.

K a lca n o the grain of wood ,

(Sk .
) H a ne,to kill : (M pr ) hane . . .

(M )H a ni a we apon ( like t aiaha )

.
,
.

H a nu m i to be s w allowed up ,
.

VVh ak a iza na to shake weapons in defiance

-
, .

H a rita -
s, green (M pr ) h arit a . . .

( M ) K ak a riki
.
,
a green paroquet .

Kak a riki ,
a green lizard .

Although perh aps ev en a M a ori might

translate K aka riki as “
little p arrot ”
tha t
-
,

this was not the origin of the word is proved

by its being a pplied a lso to the liz ard T hat .

the liz a rd h a s n o t been c alled k ak ariki in -

an
y sense of being t a pu to the pries t and
gods is sho wn by the p arrot being si milarl y
n a med I think the bird w as once k ak a rita
.
,

the green c o ok o r crow kak a T he rep .

tile was n g ak arit a t he green snake o r lizard ,

 L AN G U AG E . 2 7

Ma ra a destroyer : ( M pr ) mara
,
. . .

( M ) M a ra mara
. a chip splinte r , ,
.

Ill a ra ra sc a ttered ,
.

Ma re h c rche trouble ,
.

d f a rc re t o fall ,
.

Marutunu worthle ss
'
,
.

( S k .
) N a bizi, a we a ver :
( M p r ) napi . . .
( G r ) nape ,

he mp ; (En g ) n ap ( of cloth ) .

( M ) N ap e, to w eave
. .

( S k )Any a the body the form : ( M pr ) ang a

.
, ,
. . .

M
( ) A ny a the a spect
.
,
.

A ng a ng a the a spect ,
.

A ng a a ng a the skull ( of animal s gener a lly ) , ,

.

( S k ) to nurse
S ic, :
( M pr ) ()
hik i . . .

( M ) H iki to carry in the arms

.
,
.

There a re m a ny points o f resemblance in the

gram mars of S anscrit an d of M a ori such as both ,

possessing the du al nu mber a s well as singul a r an d

plural also the for mation o f co mp a ratives in ad je c
,

t ive s & c
,
M a n y w ords in the sister Aryan lan
.

guages h ave close resemblance in the Maori form ,

such as the
S AN s c R I T . E NG L I SH . MAOR I .

A ham I A h au
s am i
( G r )h e m i. h a lf b e ma ng a ( b a s k e t h a lf
£ 11 11)
p akau
a ( to d iv e )
r

k ak ara ( a s wee t
s a v o ur)

g aura ; ( G r )k uro s . y e ll o w s p l en did

, k ura ( e d ) r

II to m e lt re wa

n an a
( Ve di c ) m o th e r ( a n urs e )
n an a
are t o we a ve , with e s wi wi ( rus h e s )
-
2 8 TH E A RY AN MAO R I

S ANS OR IT . MAOR I .

t awe ra ( th e e v en i ng
s ta ) r

th e ft h a ra ( a s in )
a c ra c kling fi re mum ura ( bl a ze )
th e fa c e mo k o ( t a tt o o e d f a c e )
y es ae

t o a s c en d a ra ( to i
r s e up )
a wa te j
r- ar p ap a p a ( a c a l ab a sh )
to b oa s t pepeha
p a l m o f h an d k a p u (h ol lo w o f h an d )
th e o wl k uk u
o o

gi th c ord
r , k a h a ki (s t ra p f o l o a d ) r
‘

t o l a ugh kata
b e wild e i n g r m umuh a u ( a n e dd y o f
w in d )
bew ild e ri n g mu ( g ame of d ra ught ) s

a ja k a l
o p e ro ( a d o g)
a fl ower p ua
to d e s t oy kill
r ,
p ut a ( a b a ttl e fie ld ) -

t o e mit p ure h ua t o e m ( it gas )

G R EE K . E NG L I S H . MAO R I .

b ut a ra

th a t t en a

v e il y
r r it a ( c orre c t )
b e it s o ae (y e s )
n e ar p i ri
a s p oon s h ov e l
,
kota i ( a s i ev e )
r

d un g k o p iro ( s t in ki n g
w a t e r)
k a re k a ru
ka re k ra ua
a

a rk e ak e ( on wa rd s )
gyn e ( S k )jan i
. hi n e
h o a ( wa hi n e ) .

L AT I N . E NG L I S H . MAO R I .

o pu ( a co mp a n y of

v l un t e e r wo k e rs)
o r

p apap a
he re (to bi n d )
ia ( h e o r sh e ) .

‘
Th e ll y p ri e d n a tiv e d og was k u i
re a z
“ r
” -
th c th er n am e
o ,

”
p e rh a p s f or a wild s p e c i e s wa s p e rop ero ( Th e
, .
S a n s crit ph is
“

n ot p ron oun c e d as
 30 TH E A RYAN MAO R I .

I took the f r og as my firs t subj ect T here w as n o .

Maori word for it nor an Aryan word until I tried , ,

S a nscrit .

B izelci, the frog H e was .

P elre leaping over

, .

P ep e lce draw ing up his a rms and legs

, .

Tup eke j umpin g up ,

.

H up eke bending his ar m s a n d legs

, .

P e ki chirping or twittering
,
.

P elee all gone w ithout exception

, ,
.

This wa s the frog t h e re c o uld be no d o u bt of it —

.

“
E ncour a ged by this I tried the c o w I found , .

ka ap a re to turn in a d ifi e re n t direction and wa s

, ,

struck by its rese mbl ance to ( S k ) g O Tp ala a herds .

,

man .I looked at Ira / t a the surf a ce an d found it , ,

“ ”
illustrated by the example lea /m 0 te ra ng i At ,
7
.

once I recognized th e old f amili ar expression Cow of ,

”
he a ven a s entence to be met with in every work
,

concerning the Ary ans Let me q u ote one extract : .

S ince the chief w ealth of the Ary ans was in their

cattle each m an would do his ut most to incre ase the
,

nu mber of his flocks and herds The cow w as the .

‘

cre at u re m ost prized for her m ilk fed h is household , ,

and every calf th at w a s born m a de him richer

The he ave nwas to the Ary a n a gre at pl ain over which
ro a med bulls an d cows for such the clouds see med to ,

him to be J u st as the c o w yielded him milk s o

.
,“

thos e co ws o f he aven dropped upon the earth rain and

”
dew heaven s milk
,
’
.

The ( S k )g a it the cow .

, ,
an d the ( G r )y e the earth .
, ,

co me fro m the s ame root . T he earth w as the great

3 cc
C hildh oo d o f R e ligi o n s .
—
( E C lo d d )
. .
 AN I MA LS , C USTOM S ,
ET C .
3I

c w
o -
mothe r of all In the V eda U shas
.
, ,
t he d awn is ,

“
described as the mother of cows .

T he cow was
Ka i mi in herds ,
.

Ka / wra ng i u nsettled sk y cow moving about

,
-
,

like clouds ) .

*
Ka ka k u clothes for him ; his d r ess was leather
,
.

“ ”
Ka nnoa a litter ( c ow friend ) s o the y used
,
-

cattle to ride o n .

“
Ka k up ap a a brid ge A bridge was a fl at cow
,
.
,

o n which he c r ossed streams .

K a nilca it lay in a heap

,
.

Ka ni uki smoke The word he r e is cow dung

'

,
.
-

s o they once used the dried dung for fuel a s ,

is done everywhe r e by pastor a l tribes now .

Ma ta ka ntete -
It gave him the shape of his
weapon sharp teeth o f flint lashed firmly
”
to a piece o f w ood This wa s .

”
the cow titty from wh ak at e te to milk r -
, ,
.
’

I will now u s e the G reek o r Latin paronym s

instead o f the S anscrit T he Western peopl e seem .

t o have kept the term s used for o u t door s life best -

.

The Maoris once kne w the bull by a word like

the L atin T a urus a bull ,
.

Tara he had cour a ge ,

.

W hak a tara he ch allenged , .

Ta ra hono he lay in a heap ,

.

Ta ra ra n he m a de a loud noise , .

Ta ra rua he h a d t w o points o r pe aks ( horns )

, .

Ta ra wa i he broke the horizon line,

-
.

Ta ra weti he was hostile ,

.

G a uh , c o w, is us e d in th e V e da n o t on ly f or m ilk b u t
, e v en
f or l e a th er E n c y c l B rit
.
”—
. .

I I f thi s sh u ld b e e x p l a i n e d b y k a h u an d titi it
o , will a pp e ar
h e r a ft e r t h a t titi c ame fro m th e c a t tl e t erm
e .
3 2 T H E A RY AN MAO R I .

Ta re/t a ,he was red .

Ta reha he thre w the e ar th over him

,
.

Ta reha he caught o n e unawares

,
.

Ta rita ri he provoked a qua r rel

,
.

Ta ring a he was obstinate ,

.

Ta rore he had a noose put o n him

,
.

Ta ra he ate gras s ,
.

Ta ra lf e they lay dead in numbe r s

,
.

They knew him best a s ( Lat ) bos the bull He .

,
.

was not the ox the word generally used for trans ,

lating bos he was the lordly male G au wa s u s ed f o r .

cattle generally but bos for the bull ,

.

P oha ha , he ripped up .

W h ak ap ohe he threw dust in the eye s ,

.

P oha l m there were swarms o f them

,
.

P ok a ta he spl a shed
,
.

P o ip oi he tossed swung about

, ,
.

P o ike he had a tuft o n hi s head

,
.

P onini was red ,

.

P onong a w a s a c a ptive so m etim es

,
.

P op e crow ded round

,
.

P oria they f a stened him with a ring on his leg

,
.
*

P o ta ka he t wisted round
,
.

P o te te he was curly
,
.

P owhiri he whisked his tail (whiore )

,

There is a good test word here a word so short - —

t h a t we h ave n o extra letters hiding the roots t he —

w ord p o a . Poa means to allure by b a it in modern ,

M a ori . If as I believe p o me a ns bull ( bos ) then we

, , ,

h ave only a left In S a ns crit aj is to go or drive .

,

represented by M a ori a t o urge o r drive If urge ,

.

”
h ull is the old word for enticing alluring by b a it , ,

( C f ) ( G r )P ori s .
, a h e i f er ; ( G r )p orkis
.
, a rn i g .
 AN I MA LS , C U S TO M S ,
ETC .
33

wh at wa s it ! An Ary a n w ord the ( G r ) p o a g rass ,

.
, ,

is the ex a ct wo rd Th a t w a s wh a t t h e y co a xed the

.

hull wit h an d in a fte r ce n t uries w hen they ha d f o r

,
-
,

gotten gr a ss a s p ast u re ( only knowing it as weeds )

a n d the a ni ma ls w hich f e d 011 i t t h e O ld b ull co a x ,
-

”
graft word w as kept for all uring by b a it
-
.

H ere I must remark upon the bull s mor a l influence

’
.

H e see ms to h ave been the terror a n d annoy a nce of

this people ; not like the cow, sheep , & c , w ith mild .

a ttri butes They did not use s o f ar as I h a v e been

.
,

a ble to discover a single w ord derived fro m the r oot

,
“ ”
whence w e get night The ( S k )n akt a (G r )nux .
,
.
,

( L a t ) nox a re a ll unrepresented
. They u s e their old .

cattle word p o the b u ll in G re ek p o res blind d a rk

-
, , , , ,

in E nglish bo gey the de mon of d a rkness

,
-
,
He .

was the evil bull of night to the m not the mild ,

b e n e fi c e n t cow o f he a ven They n ever s eem to .

have lost this si mple p a stor a l tal k in the origin of

their w ords : the s tudent who h as enough kno wledge
of cl a ssic al tongues to be a ble to underst and the
a ffixe s will find the voca bu l a ry full o f the m This .

le ads me to digres s for o n e sentence I a m de aling .

with the langu a ge o f an ancient people wh o d id n ot ,

by any me a ns call a sp a de an a g ric ultur a l im le

p
”
m ent . S o me o f my best exam ples I a m co m pelled
t o keep b a ck on a ccount of their not b eing fi t f o
u s e here : the st udent c a n find the m for hi mself the ,

gener al reader m u st t ake the m for granted .

The horse is m entioned but once ; an d that not as

( G r ) hippos but ( Lat ) equus e a rly pron u nci a tion
.
,
.
—
,

e k us The M a ori word is eke to mo unt a horse Al

.
,
.

though they ha d lost the a ni ma l they kept the m e a ning

“ ”
of this The M a ori expression k a i eke hoiho
. a ,

rider h as str ange to s a y the L atin a n d the Anglo

, , ,

Ma ori expressions together .

3
34 T H E A RY AN M AO R I .

The pig was an a nimal unclean in the E a s t and ,

v ie w ed by these herds men w ith d isgust H e was not a .

p at with the m a s w ith the m odern M a ori : he was ,

( G r ) c h o iro s
.
(M ) koeo o ff e n s1 v e I n s mell ; k o e ro .
, ,

c a using sickness .

They kne w h im better by his L a tin na me p o rcu s

n o t the p akeh a Maori po a ka
) H e was -
.

P o ke k e s m all ,
.

P oke k e sullen ,
.

P oke dirty ,
.

P okei e he makes pitfalls '

,
.

P okere in the d ark .

P okap olca he m a kes a lot of holes ,

.

P oka i he brings s w ar ms ( Of flies ) ,

.

P oka uoa he goes a t r a ndom ,

.

IVh ak a p okarekare he disturb s the surf a ce o f the-

,

water .

C Ould des cription of porcine h abits be better !

a

O f t h e sheep ( G r ) o is they recorded ,

.
,

O na a n d oha olza it w a s generous ( in food a n d ,

wool ) .

s iti it w as c au tious on its g u a rd , , .

I Nh ak a oiti they w a rned one a noth e r -

.
,

IVh ak a ob o it w a s e a s ily s t a rtled -

,
.

O no ma uri it st a rted su d denly ( literally

-
sheep ,

hearted
O no rere it st a rted suddenly ,
.

Th e d rivin g th e word s ( s o f a r a s I h a v e y e t a s c e t i n e d
ru e l f or e r a

it)i th t a ll w o d b gi n n i n g with p h a d in their origin s om

s, a r s e o e

thi n g t d o w ith b ull o ith p hy s i c a ll y o r mo a ll y ( a s bo g y ) ,

”
e er r -
e ,

F m th s mu t b e x c p t d t h e b a u e th e y e f or t h ”
ro e e p k s e e e o , ec s ar e

i
p g B
. u t f ro m t h p ig h a re O f
“
p k m us t b e x c p t d th
e
’
s S o
”
e e e e

“
p ok s a e thi i
,
”
s not p sk b ut p o k (
s b ull w ) As a n e x o —
o -
co .

m pl e p o k o whiwhi t h e l a s t b e i n g p a ron y m
”
p k o wh iwh i is a
- -
a ,
o ,

o f t h e ( S k )v e vi t o re e iv e
.
,
c .
 AN I MA L S , C U S T O M S , ETC .
35

T hus we see wh y the ( M )tau r a a r o p e ( origin ally .

,

t he bull r ope ) when cont r a cted to t an a rope wa s

-
, , ,

the s ame as tau the bark o f a dog : the bar k of the ,

dog was the tether o f the flock .

In speaking o f the habit s o f animals it must be ,

noticed th a t the ( S k ) mih to urinate is the M aori .

, ,

mimi with all its compounds mimira mimiro mi r a

, , , -
,

mira and miti From thi s al s o c ome s the weapon .

mere ( afterward s the ( S k ) mri to die from it s u s e ) .

, , ,

being shaped like what a m odern Maori would call

puru raho but which hi s ance s to rs called p o r a ho
-
,
-
.

From this l ast word comes the name of another we apon ,

the p arao a the Aryan axe called in S anscrit

, ,

(M ) H ani a wooden sword with a

’

.
,

broad tip was used as a weapon ,

han to kill ; '
,

but it was used at fi rs t f o r another pu rpose — like

tai aha .

The Maoris knew the use o f the bow and ar r ow .

( Gr belos an a rrow a d a rt ; M
( ) pere an a rrow
, ,
.
,

this is so metimes ( M ) kopere cow a rrow ”

per .
,
-
,

h aps a d a rt thrown with a loop o r sling (G r ) . .

t a zus to stretch o r extend is the ( M ) k o taha

“
,
cow ,
.
-
,
”
stretched fro m its le ather string
, ( G r )bios a bow . .
,

o r b o w string is the ( M ) piupiu to os cill a te o r p in

-
,
.
, , ,

t o throw o r s wing by a cord perh aps this l a st a —

”
s ling but the G reek form w as a bow
,
.

They had knives ma ripi a knife ; ( S k )ripi , .

,

to cut forks (M )p uro u ( S k )bil to di v ide ( M ) ,

.
, .

t iro u ( S k )tij to point They h ad f ans or fly fl ap s

,
.
,
.
-

I itf h ou ld b s s e rt e d th a t in s t e a d f th e M a ori s c a lli n g t h

S e a ,
o e

s p e m wh l
r -
p oa b e a us e th e y m a d e th i we a p n s f o m it s
a e ara c e r o r

rib s,
th e w e a p on w ll e d a ft t h n ame o f th e wh l t h e
as ca er e a e,

i p v e n b y th e S an it p Th e A ry a n s e t i n l y
”
c a se s ro hu s cr a ra s . c r a

did n t ll th i l ub a ft e t h e wh a l e a s th wh a l e did n t i n h bit

o ca e r c r ,
e o a

C en t a l A si a
r .
36 T H E A RY AN M AO R I .

M
( ) . k o wh iu w h iu liter ally co w s tails ( whio re ,
“ ’
,

t ail ) They h ad buckets

. dron a which w ere —

“
described a s rona confined with co rds ; ron a to , ,

sw allo w up this w a s the mi lk p ail s w allowing the -

milk .

They h ad not only the w ord wh ak a tete to milk -

, ,

but the ( S k )w ord y u ( S k ) y u to milk : ( M pr )u

. . .
, . . .

( M ) u the udder : w ai u m ilk ; uma the bre a st

.
, , ,

(this last not of cattle) .

They did not c all their d aughters milk ma ids ( S k ) . .

Duh it ar d aughter signifies a milk ma id ; but t h e v

, ,

h ad ko tiro a girl looking a fter co w s ; kohin e a c o w

, ,

girl S o in M a ori y o u m ust not s ay E kohin e l

.
, ,

( O h c o w girl
,
Y ou m ust sa
y E
- hine ! ( Y ou n g ,

l ady
They w ere not only a cqu ainted with do mesticated
a nim a ls they kne w of s av a ge cre atures on their own
wide plains an d had m e t with others o n the j ourne y
,

through Indi a They kne w the w olf lupus .

,

R up ah u he w a s wild ,
.

R ap e sh a king anything violently ( the sheep )

, .

R a re sh aking tossing a bout , ,

.

R ure rure m a ltre a ting ,

.

R ui u c a using the m to run together This l a st

‘

.
,

prob a bly at the cry of Lupe ! Lupe !

They kne w ( G r ) G ups the vulture These .
, .

K ap a lcap a stood in a row ,

.

Kap a kap a fl u ttered a n d fl app e d , .

Kap o sn a tched ,
.

Kap e picked o u t ( eyes , ,

Kokila the cro w became ( M ) [co/ca l m; the ,

cro w K ulc/cua the c u ckoo bec a me kulcup a the pigeon

.
’

, ,
‘

, ,

e it h e r fro m it s cry or protecting the c uckoo s young ’

, .

Cf . th e G re e k wo rdk o rc , a gi lr , and
( S k .
)k o p i , a s h ph d
e er e ss .
38 T H E A RY AN MAO R I .

T hey had a boat ( M ) w a ka ; but it was not the

, .

naas o r navi s o f l a ter m aritime Aryan s it was only ,

”
their cow , ( Lat ) vacca as
. in ( S k ) vah
,
to carry ; .
,

and plavak a with which I compared it in the First

,
“ ”
Part is only splashing o r washing c o w their
,
—

beast o f burden by land turned to a w ater beastie -

.

T he Maoris kept both these roots : ( M ) por a a sh ip .

, ,

and ( M w aka a c a noe are the j oint children of pla

, ,

V ak a
,
that is por a waka
,
Plav ak a is one of t he
-
.

most ancient na mes for a ship and is in G reek p lo io n

,
.

If so m e g r eat E uropean philologist would n o w

’

undertake the t ask of rescuing the fast f ading o ld er -

word types of the l angu a ges spoken in these S outhe rn

-

S eas he will have reward as he works an d fa me for

, ,

his guerdon .

These uncivilized brothers of ours h ave kept e m

bal med in their si mpl e speech a kno wledge of t he
habits an d history of our a ncestors th at in the S an , ,

scrit Greek L a tin an d Teutonic tongues h ave been

, , , ,

hidden under the dense af te rgro w th o f li ter a ry o p u

'

r -r

lence .
 MYT H O LOG Y .

C H A P T E R I II .

M YT H O L O G Y .

In this chapter I approach a part of my s ubject

w hich will perh aps prove m ore i nteresting re ading
to s o me tha n any comparison o f word forms could be
,
-
.

The evidence given by common religious belief by ,

com mon superstitions hopes and fe a rs must be of t he

, ,

ut mos t v alue in trying to trace the descent a n d fol

low the footsteps of a people I need not waste time
.

by quoting a uthorities on the subj ect of the fe ar an d

horror entert ained by the M a oris tow a rds the lizar d ,

or reptiles of its ki n d In almost every book tre a t

.

ing of the h abits a nd modes of thought of the M aori

race mentio n is m ade of this speci al abhorrence
,
.

T hat the ng ar a ra l iz ards we re the abo d es of supei

natur al beings po werful t o har m and gener a lly o f
, ,

evil influence a lthough Open to propiti a tion see ms to

, ,

be the m ost concise statement I c a n m ake o f a w ell

known fact . B u t whence this fe a r !
,
The r eptiles
of N e w Ze al a nd n o w nu mber neither sn akes croco ,

diles nor other deadly creatures in their r anks and

,

the question n a rrows itself d own to two issues o n e

is that for merly de adly reptiles did exist among
the m ; the other th a t the Maori r a ce once inh a bited
,

a l and where the serpent o r liz ard form w as clothed

with n atur a l terrors heighte n ed by a superstitious
,

dre a d which has s urvived t he a ctu a l presence of the

creatures c alling it forth The a ns w er to the firs t
.

question is th at no physical proof of the existence of

any large reptile has been de monstrated by the dis
c ov e r
y of osseous o r other re mains .
40 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

Mr Colenso o ur gre atest a uthority on m atters re

.
,

l ating to the N a tives a fter diligent se a rch a mo n g the

,

pl aces to whi ch t r a ditio n pointed a s those w here

gig a ntic s a ur ians h a d been killed in old d ays found ,

no scientific evidence to bear out a ny such t ale The .

appe a r a nce pointed o u t to him by a N a t iv e as t he

actu al ribs of a celebr a ted m onster which had been
killed in old d ays t u rned out to be only the crum
,

bling outcrop of so me c alcite rock And this altho u gh .

,

the a ctu a l bones of an i mmense struthious bird t he ,

hl o a ( extinct perh aps for ce n turies ) h a ve been fo und

, , ,

very freely on the surf a ce of the l and the tr a ditions

a n d proverbs & c,
w hich m ention the m o a not being of
.
,

such a circu m st a nti al ch ar a cter as thos e tre ating of

t h e existence of the G reat Lizard .

We will n o w ex amine the tr a dition al evidence 5 and

to do this thorough ly I must quote at length t h e '

very interesting legends published by Mr Colenso in .

the Tr a n sa ctions of the N e w Ze aland Institute .

1 . TH E S L A Y I N G or H O TU P U K U .

H ere is the t ale of the v ali a nt deeds of certain

m e n of o ld the a ncestors of the chiefs of R otoru a
,
.

Their n a mes w ere P urah o k ura R e re t ai R o ng oh au a , , ,

R o n g o h ap e a n d Pit ak a
,
They were all the children
.

o f one f a ther w hose n a m e was Ta maih ut uro a

,
.

As they gre w up to m anhood they he a rd of several

persons w ho h ad been killed in j ourneying over the
ro ads le ading by Tauhunu i an d Tup oro a n d Tik it ap u
, ,

—
all pl a ces of th a t district People of R otoru a who
.

h a d tr a v elled to Taupo or who went into the hill

,

count ry to m eet their relations were never a g ain ,

he a rd of w hile the folks o f the vill ages who w ere

expecting the m were thinking all manner of things
 M YT H O L O G Y .
41

about their long a bsence concluding that they were

,

still at their respective places o f abode ; b u t as it ,

a fter wa rds turned out they were a ll d e ad in th e

,

wilderness .

At last -a p a rty left Taupo on a visi t to R otorua ,

to travel thither by those s a me ro ads where those

former tr avelling parties h ad been consumed Thei r .

friends at T a upo thought th at they had a rrived a t

R otorua and were prolo n ging their sta y there ; but
, ,

no they too were a lk d e a d lying in he aps in that

, , ,
—

very pl a ce in the wilderness

After wa rds a nother travelling p arty st arted from

R otoru a to T a upo : this p a rty went by the l akes
T a r awera and R o t o mah an a an d they all a rr ived safe
,

at T aupo O n their a rriv a l there m any questions

.

were a sked on both sides respecting the people of

T a u po who h a d gone to R otoru a but nothing wh a t ,

ever could b e le a rned of the m O n hea ring this the

.

people of Ta upo earnestly inquired of the ne wly

arrived fro m R otor ua by w h at re ad they c a me
,
.

They replied ca m e by the open pl a in of K ai

,
”
n g aro a by the ro a d to Ta u h u n ui
,
Then it was th at .

the people of T aupo and the p a rty from R otorua put

their head s together an d t alked an d deeply considered , ,

a n d s a id S urely those missi n g tr a vellers must have

,

f allen in with a ma r auding p a rty o f the ene my ; for

we all w ell know that they h ave no kinsfolk in those
parts . U pon this the T a upo people deter mined on
revenge an d s o they proceeded to g e t together a n
,

ar my for th at purpose visiting the sever a l vill a ges of

,

T a u po to arouse the people All being re a dy they

.

co mmenced their m arch Th ey tra v elled all d a y an d

.

slept at nigh t by the roadside ; and the next m orning

at d aylight they crossed the river W a ikato Then .

they travelled on over the open plain o f Kaingaroa

42 TH E A RY A N MA OR I

until they came to a place called K a penga wher e ,

dwelt a noxious monster whose name was H o t upuk u ,

.

When the m onster s melt the odour of me n which ,

had been w aft ed tow a rds him fro m the a rmy by th e

wind it c am e out of the cave
,
At this ti me t h e .

band of men were tr ave l ling onwards in the d irection

o f th a t c ave but were unseen by that monster ;
,

while th a t m onster wa s also co ming on to w a rd s the m

unseen by the p a rty S uddenly h owever the me n
.
, ,

looked u p an d lo the monster w as close upon the m

, ,

on which they i mm edi a tely retre ated in conf u sion .

In appe a rance it was like a m oving hill of e a rth .

“
Then the fe a r aw akening cry was he a rd
-
Who is ,

str a ggling behind ! Look out there ! a m onster a ,

”
m onster is co m ing upon you Then the whole .

a r my fled in a ll direct i ons in dire dis ma y an d con

fusion at seeing the dreadful spines an d spe ar like
-
-

crest o f the cre a ture all m oving a nd br andishi n g in

,

anger rese mbling the g athering together of the spines

,
-
,

and spe a rs an d S piny cre sts and ridges of the dre ad

,
.

f ul ma rine m onsters of the oce a n In the u tter rout .

of the a r my they fell foul of e a ch other thro u gh fe a r ,

but o w ing to their number so me escaped alive though

, , ,

so me w ere w o u nded an d died Then alas ! it w as .

,

surely kno w n th a t it was this evil m onster which h ad

co mpletely destroyed all the people who had for mer ly
tr a velled by this w ay .

The news o f this w as s oon c arried to all the

p arts of the R otoru a district an d the br a ve warriors ,

of the se v er a l tribes heard of it They s oon a ssem .

bled together 1 70 all tol d took up their a rms and

, , ,

m a rched even until they c ame to K apeng a in the ,

pl ain a n d t h ere they pitched their c a mp

,
Imme d i .

ately they set to work to pull so me of the le a ves o f

’

the cabb a ge tree ( C ord y lzne a us tra hsj others t o twist

’

-
,

them into ropes Then it wa s that all the v a rious art s

.
 M YTH O L O G Y .
43 .

of r e pe ma k ing we r e seen and developed the ro u nd

- —

mm the flat rope the d ouble t wisted r e pe a n d the

, ,
-
,

four s id ed r e pe
-
At last the r e pe making was ended
.
-
.

T hen the several chiefs a rose to make orations

and speeches encou r aging e ach other to be bra ve to ,

go c a refully to work to be o n the alert a n d to be

, ,

circumspect and s o to perform all the duties o f t h e

,

warrior All this they did according to the o ld

.

est a bli s hed custom when goin g to fight the ene my .

“
O ne in p a rticular o f these chiefs s a id Listen ,

to me Let us go gently to work

. Let us not go to o .

near to the monster but st ay at a dist an ce fro m it

, ,

and w hen we perceive the w ind blo wi ng to wards us

over it then we will get up closer ; for if the wind
,

s ho uld blo w from us to the monster a n d it s mells u s , ,

then it will s uddenly rush out of its c ave a n d our ,

”
work and sche mes will be all upset To this advice .

the chiefs a ll a ssented and then the me n w ere all ,

properly arranged for each an d every side of the big

rope snare they had contrived and m ade s o th a t they ,

m ight all be ready to pull a n d h aul a wa y on the ropes

whe n the proper ti me should co m e .

Then they told o ff a certain number to go to the

entr ance o f the cave where the m onster d welt while ,

others w ere well a r med w ith hardwood digging

sp ades and clubs with long spea r s an d rib bones
,
-

o f wh a les a n d with short wooden cle a vers o r halberts

,
.

Last of all they c arefully placed a n d l a id their ropes

,

and nooses so that the m onster should be comp letely

,

taken a nd snared in them ; and then when a ll wa s ,

ready the men who had been a ppointed to go up to

,

the mouth o f the cave to entice a n d provoke the crea

ture to co me forth went forw a rds But 10 ! before
,
.
,

they h ad g e t near to the cave the monster had alread y

s melt the odou r o f men .
44 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

Then it arose within its c av e and the men wh o had ,

gone forth to provoke it heard the ru mbling o f its

a wful tre a d w ithin the c ave rese mbling the gr a ting,

noise of thunder N otwithst a nding they co u r a ge

.
,

o u s ly enticed it for ward by exposing the mselves to

d anger a n d running tow a rds it that it might come ,

w ell a way fro m its c a ve ; an d when the m onster s aw

the food for its m aw by which it lived it came forth ,

from its d e n r a mping for j oy .

N o w, this monster h ad c o me fe arlessly on w ith open

m o u th a n d with its tongue d a rting forth a fter those
,

men b u t in the m e a n while they ha d the m selves

entered into t h e sn a re of r e pes and h a d p a ssed on an d ,

thro ug h the m an d w ere n ow got beyond the set sn ares

, ,

the ropes a n d the nooses an d sn ares all lying in

, ,

t heir proper positions on the level ground At this .

ti me those m e n w ere all standing a round below when

the huge he a d of the be a st a ppe a red on the top of the
little hill a n d the other me n were a ls o a scending that
, .

hill and closing in g radu ally all a round The m onster .

lo we red his he ad a while and then c am e o n an d then

,

the me n the little a r my o f provokers m oved f u rther

— - !

a w ay on t o the t O of a nother hillock a n d the m onster

p , ,

follo wing the m entered the snares ,

At this the m e n .

on th a t little hill stood still then the m onster m oved

on fu rther an d f u rther tow a rds the m cli mbing u p that ,

a scent a lso s o th at when it s head a ppe ared on t h e t o p

'

of th a t second hillock its fore legs were als o within

'

t h e s e t loops of t h e big snare .

Then it wa s th a t the si multaneous cry a rose fro m

the p a rty w ho w ere st a nding on the top of the little
“
hill w atching intently
,
G ood ! c apit al. It ha s .

”
entered ! it is enclose d Pull ! h aul a way !
. And
th a t other party who were all holding on to th e
,

s ever a l r e pes a nxiously waiting for the word of com

,
4 6 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

and delivered their blows an d the hideous head wa s ,

turned toward s them and they fell b a ck a bit the , ,

other b a nd c a me o n the other side and delivered thei r

battery either p arty always beating in the s a me pl a ce
,
.

After a while the monster became less vigorous ,

although it still r a ged for i ts w hole body w a s fast ,

becoming o n e v a st mass O f bruises through the incess ant “

and he a rty beating it was receiving .

Still the fight was prolonged Prodigies Of strength .

and valour a bility a n d ni mbleness were show n that

,

d ay by th a t v ali a nt b a nd o f 1 70 whose repe a ted ,

blows w ere r a ined upon the monster At last the .

monster yielded quietly and there it lay extended at ,

full length o n the ground stretched o ut like a n im ,

mense w hite l arva * o f the rotten pine wood quite ,

dead By this ti me it w a s quite d a rk indeed night

.
—
,

s o they left it until the m orning When the sun ap .

p e are d they all arose to cut up t h is big fi sh f i There ‘

it lay de a d ! Looking at it a s it lay extended it

, ,

resembled a very large whale ; 1 but its general form ‘

and appe a rance was th a t o f the great lizard ! with ,

rigid spiny crest while the he ad the legs feet and , , ,

c l a ws the t a il the sc ales the skin a n d the gen eral

, , , ,

s piny ridges a ll these rese mbled those of the m ore

,

com mon liz a rd s ( tuat a r a) Its size was th a t O f the .

s per m w h a le ( p ara o a ) .

“
Th e w o r d h uh u
is . I pp o s e thi s l a rg e g rub h a s b e e n
su

l t d
se ec e fo r a c om p a i n r so o w i n g t o its d y i n g h e l p l e s s l y e x t e n d e d ,

a nd its p l um p ,
fa t a pp e a ra n c e .
”

t “
I h a ve t
l t e d thi s w d ( ik ) wh e n e v e r it c u s in
ra n s a or a ,
oc r

th e s to y by fi h thi s b i n g n e f its p i n i p a l m an i n g ; b ut
‘ ’
r ,
s , e o o r c e s

it w uld c y
o v di ff nt
a rr ne t a N w Z e a l an d
a ve r He reit o o e er . e re

w o uld b ju t y n n y m o u s w ith wh a l e o l a rg e m arin e a n i m a l

”
e s s o ,
r .

1 Nui t oh o ra .

Tua t e t e , t h e an g y frightf ul li z ard

r , n ow e x ti n c t .
 M YT H O L O G Y .
47

Then this man d evouring monste r was closely -

looked at and exa mined for the first ti me the wretch -

,

the monster that had des tro y ed so m a ny persons s o ,

many bands Of armed me n and travelling p a r ties !

Long indeed was the g a zing great w as the astonish
ment expressed At las t o ne Of the many chief s
.

“
s aid,
Let us throw of o ur clothing and all h ands ,

turn to cut u p this fish that we may also see it s ,

sto ma ch which has swallowed so m a ny o f the chil

,

dren o f Then they began to cut it Open using ,

Obsidi an and pitchstone knives and saws for cutting ,

’
up flesh m ade o f sharks teeth and the shells o f sea
, ,

an d fresh water mussels ( U nio) O n the outside

-
.
,

bene ath its skin were enormous layers Of belly fat

,
-

( suet ) thick and in many fold s

,
Cutting stil l deepe r .

into its great sto m ach o r maw there w a s an a ma zing , ,

sight . Lying in he a ps were the whole bodies o f men ,

,

o f wo men and o f children

,
S ome other bodies .

were severed in the middle while some h ad their ,

he ads O ff and so me their a r ms and so me their legs no

, ,
—

doubt occ a sioned through the forcible muscul a r a ction

o f its enor m ous thro a t in sw a llo wing when the strong ,

blasts of its breath were e mitted from its c ap a ciou s

and c averno us belly .

And with the m were also sw allo wed all th a t app e r

t ain e d to the m their greenstone w ar clubs their
— -
,

shor t knobbed clubs Of h a rd wood their w e apons o f ,

’
wh a les ribs both long an d short their tr avelling
, ,

st aves Of r a nk their halbert sh a ped w e apons their

,
-
,

st a ffs an d spe a rs there they all w ere w ithin the

—

bow els Of the monster as if the place w a s a reg ular

'

stored a r moury of w ar H ere als o were fo u nd their .

, ,

v arious orn a ments o f greenstone f o r bo t h n e ck an d

U ri T iki
-
O- lit e ra ll y d e s c e n d an t s o f T ik i
, T iki b e i n g in
th e i r my th o l ogy t h e cre a t or or p rog en it or O f man .
4 8 T H E A R Y A N MA OR I .

e a rs a nd sh a rks teeth too in gre at ab und a nce (mako)

,
’
, ,

Besides all t h e s e there were a great variety of g ar

ments found in its m aw fi n e bordered flax m ats ; —

thick i mpervious w a r m ats some with orn amented -

,

borders chiefs w oven garments ma de O f dogs t a ils

’
,
’
,

of alb atross fe athers of ki wi fe athers of red (parrot )

, ,
’ ’
feathers and Of se al s skin an d of white dog s
, ,

skin ; al so white bl a ck a n d chequered ma ts m ade

, ,

of w oven flax a n d gar m ents of u ndresse d flax

,

( P fi ormzum) an d the long le a ved k ah ak ah a ( As te lia

'

-
,

S pecies ) and O f m any other kind s

,
All the dead .

bodies a n d parts of bodies the conquerors s cooped

, ,

out an d threw into a he ap a n d buried in a p it which ,

they dug there And th a t w ork over they proceeded

.
, ,

t o c ut up the fish into pieces ; and when they h ad ,

examined its fat an d suet they expressed its O il bv ,

cl a rifying it with heat w hich w as e aten by the tribe

,
.

And s o they devo u red an d consu m ed in their o wn

sto m a chs their i mpl a c a ble f e e This done they a ll .
,

returned to R otoru a and d welt there .

2 . TH E
K I L L I N G O F P E K EH AU A .

After the d estru ction of the m onster H o tup uk u the ,

fame O f th a t exploit wa s he ard by a ll the m any tribes

o f the district of R otoru a Then a messenger wa s sent
.

t o those heroes by H o ro rit a or by so m e other chief , ,

to inform the m th a t another m an e ating monster d welt -

at a pl a ce c a lled Te Awa ho u a nd th a t the existence Of ,

this m onster w as known j ust a s in the former c a s e

of the one th a t d w el t in the pl a in at K aingaroa The .

trav elling co m p a nies O f the districts of Waik a to and

of P at e t e re w ere ne er he a rd O f a n d so the travelling
v

co mp a nies O f t h e R otoru a d is trict which left for ,

W a ik ato were also s o meho w lost bei n g never a g a i n

, ,

he ard of When t he people of R otoru a he a rd this

.
 M YT H O L OG Y .
49

news those sa me 1 70 heroes arose from o ut O f many

,

warriors and set forth for Te Awah o u

,
Arriving .

there they sought for information and gained all the y ,

could T hen the y asked

. Where does this monste r,
”
d well ! T he people Of the pl a ce replied I t d wells ,

in the wate r o r it dwells o n the d ry land who should

, ,

certainl y know ! According to o ur supposition n o ,

”
d oubt it i s much like that o ne which wa s killed .

H earing this they went to the woods and b r ought

thence a large quantit y o f supplej acks ( R hip og onum
s c a nd ens! with which to m ake w a ter traps o f basket
,
-

work The s e they interl a ced an d bound firmly togethe r

.

with a strong trailing plant ( Muhlenbe ckza comp le t e!

'

-
,

s o th at when they were finished the traps consisted O f

two o r even three l a yers Of c anes or supplej acks
Then they twisted r e pe s where with to set a n d fix the
wate r trap s in order t o snare the monster and these
-
,

we r e all done Then they m ade S i milar plan s and

.

arr angement s f o r themselves as o n the former o cca

sion when the first on e was killed All being read y
, .
,

the band o f heroes set o ut reciting their fo r ms Of ,

spell o r charm s as they went along Tho s e were O f .

various kinds and potencies but all having o n e ten ,

deney to enable them to overcome the monster

, .

O nwards they went and after tr avelling some distance

,
;

they ne ared the place o r water hole w here it w as s aid -

the m onster lived The n a me o f th a t deep pool is Te

.

W aro u ri the black chas m) They travelled o n .

’
until the y gained the high ed ge o f the river s side ,

where they again recited their ch a rms and spells ,

which done the 1 70 proceeded to encamp o n that ver y '

spot. Then they diligently sought o ut among them

selves a fe arless and cour a geous m an when a chie f ,

c alled Pitaka presented hi mself and was s elected H e .

seized the water trap which was decorated o n the t op

- —

4
 5 0 TH E A R Y A N MA O R I .

’
and sides and bel o w w ith bunches Of pigeons fe a thers ;
the r e pes also w ere all f a stened aro un d the tra p t o ,

which stones were also m ade f ast all round it to make

it he avy a n d to ac t a s a n anchor to keep it ste ady
an d h aving seized it he plunged into the w ater w ith
, ,

his co mp a n ons when they bol d ly dived dow n into

i
,

the spring which gushed u p w ith a ro a ring noise fro m

,

be n e a th the e a rth t ile these w ere diving below .

t h e others above w ere diligently e mployed in perfor m

ing their se v er al works v iz Of re citing po w erful —
,

ch a r ms an d spells *
of w hich they uttered all the y ,

k new of various kinds and powers for the purpose o f ,

o vercoming the m onster .

N o w, it ca me to p a ss th a t when the S pines and

spe a r like crest of the m onster had become soft a n d
—

ii ccid through the po w er O f those spells an d ch a r ms

for they had a ll been erect an d a live in full expect a tion ,

o f a r a re c a nnib a l fe a st Pit a k a a nd his chosen c o m —

p a nio n s descended to the very botto m of the ch as m .

There they fo und the m onster dwelling in its Own nice ,

ho me Then the br ave Pit ak a went forw ards q uite

.

u p to it , co a xing a n d entici n g an d bo u nd the rope ,

fi r mly around the m onster w hich h a ving d one lo ! in , ,

U p wa r ki n d s o f s p ll a h
d s of t en a n d in th e p a rt s f e s re e re ,
o r o

th s t i
e e p ti ul ly m n ti n d b y n a m ; b u t a s w e h a v e
s or e s , ar c ar e o e e ,

n thi n g y n n y m u in E n gli h t h i n mes

o s o o s an n t b w ll t ran s s , e r a c o e e

l a t e d a n d it w u ld t k e a m n y p g o f M S t o e xpl a i n th m
, o a s a a es . e .

A m on g th m w p l l c u i ng we a ri n e s s t o th e f p e ll f o t h e
“

e e re s e s a s oe , s s r

s p e a m g o f t a n iw h s ( m n t
r
) p ll f o r th e w di n g O ff a tt k
a o s e rs ,
s e s ar -
ac

an d f or th p t ti n O f t h m n f m th e e n e my p ll s f
e ro ec o e e ro ,
s e or

c a u s i n g b ra v e y f t u n i n g lik f lik e in a tt c k f r up lifti n g

r , o r re r e or a ,
o

f e e t f m g un d f m ki n g p w e l e s & a ll mo e o l e c u i us
ro ro ,
or a o r s , c .
,
r r ss r o ,

b u t m s tl y v y i mp l
o n t e ms
er s O f s p ll a n d h a m e x r i s m s
e i r . e s c r s, o c

a nd in n t a ti o n
ca f g d f r ill lu c k f o bl e i n g a n d u s i n g
s, or oo or o -
,
r ss c r
,

t he a n i nt N w Z
c e l nd e p e d h un d e d
ea a i ng n i u ly n
er osse ss r s, e o s co

t i d f
r ve alm or t v y p u p s f w h o w v if a ny f th m c o uld
os e er r o e e , e e r, ,
o e

b e t e m d p ay
r e S u h f rm a b ulk y hi s t o y of th e m e lv e s
r e rs . c o r s .
 M YTH O L O G Y .
5 I

a twinkling he (Pitaka)had clean e s caped behind it .

T hen his co mpanion s pulled the rope and those at ,

the top kne w the sign and hauled a way and drew u p ,

t o the t o p their companio n s together with the me n ,

s ter so that they all ca me up at o n e ti me N eve r

, .

t h e le s s those above had also r ecited all manner o f

,

ch a rms f o r the purpose o f r aising lifti n g and up , ,

bearing o f heavy weights other wise they could n o t ,

have hauled them all up owing t o thei r very great ,

weight .

For a while ho wever the y were all below ; then

, ,

the y came upw a rds by degrees and at l as t they flo ated ,

all together on the s urf a ce E re long the y had dra gged .

the monster o n s hore o n t o the dry l a nd where it lay

, ,

extended ; then they hastened t o hit and be a t w ith

their clubs the j aws o f this i mmense fish N o w thi s .
,

monster h ad the neare r rese mbl a nce t o a fish bec a use ,

it had its habit a tion in the water .

SO then went forth the loud pe aling call t o all the

towns and vill a ges o f the R otorua district And the .

tribes asse mble d o n the spot t o look at and exa mine

their i m pl a cable f o e There it lay dragged o n to the
.
,

dry l and o f the river s si d e in appearance v ery much

’
,

like a big co mmon wh ale Y et it w as not ex a ctly like

a full grown Old wh ale : it was more in bulk as the
-

calf o f a big w h a le as it there lay They the n c o m .

me n c e d cutting up th a t fish a s food f o r the mselves .

O n l aying its huge bel ly wide Open there every t hing ,

w as seen at o n e gl a nce all in confusion as if it w ere

, ,

f
the centre o a dense forest * .

Th e wo r d s a re K o t e riu O T an e M a hut a ,
!
—
Zit t h e
. h o ll ows o t m a ch
t
o r c e n re o f T a n e M a h ut a t h e go d of f ore s t s ; T a n e M a h ut a
'

b e ing th e god of f t
o re s s .
52 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

For going do wnwa rds into its vast sto m a ch there lay
, ,

the d e ad j ust as if it w ere an O ld bone c ave w ith piles

,
-
,

o f skeletons a n d bones bones O f those it h ad s wallowed

—

in forme r d ays Y es s wallo w ed do wn with all thei r

.
,

garments a bout the m wo men and childre n an d men —

, ,

T here wa s to be seen the enormous heap o f cloth ing

’ ’ ’
o f all kinds : chiefs mats O f dogs t ails a n d of dog s -

skins white black and chequered ; with the beau

, , ,

tiful w oven flax m ats adorned w ith orn a ment a l borders ,

a n d g a r m ents of all kinds There were also ar ms and .

i mple ments O f all kinds *

.

T hen they p r oceeded to ro a s t and to broil and to

set aside O f its flesh and f a t in l a rge preserving c ala e

bashes for food and f o r Oil

,
And s o they d evoured .

their deadly enemy all within their o wn stom a chs but

all the dead they buried in a pit .

Then every on e o f those valiant warriors returned

to their o wn ho mes The name o f that village was .

Mangungu b r oken bones ) .

SOmuch f or the victorious work ! O h th e n all ,

devourin g thro a t o f m an th a t thou shouldst even seek ,

t o hunt afte r the flesh o f m onsters as food for thee

3 . TH E K I L LI NG O F K ATAO R E .

When the fame o f those victors wh o had killed the

monster P e k e h a u a reached the v a rious tow ns a nd vil
lages o f Taraw er a Of R o to k a k ah i and o f O k at ain a,
, ,

“
Te n k ind s a re h e re e n umera t e d all o f h ardwo o d a n d h ard whit e,

wh a l e s b on e c l u b s s p e a rs s t a v e s thi n h a rd wo o d c h o pp i n g k n iv e s
’
- — -
, , , ,

whit e wh a l e b on e c l ub s c arv e d s t a v e s o f ra n k a n d m a n y o th e rs in
, , ,

c l udi n g e v e n d art s a n d b a b e d s p e a rs w hi c h th e m o n s t e r h a d c a rri e d

r ,

o ff w ith it s f o o d
“
T h e re t h o s e a rms a nd i mp l e m e n t s a ll were a s i f
.
,

t h e p l a c e w e re a s t o re h o use o f we a p o n s or a n a rm o ury
”
.
54 TH E, A RY A N MA OR I .

aro s e to bark and growl at them s o t hat what with

'

the loud and fe arful noise o f its m outh and the sharp
r attlings o f its r i ngs and leg circlets great fear c ame
-
,

upon them , and then he fell o n them and ate them

up .

N ow when the multitude everywhere heard of the

,

gre a t valour o f those men the tribes a ll gre atly extolled

,

the m and wondered exceedingly at the prodigiou s

powers o f those fou r chiefs .

T hen it was that the chief s Of R ot o k ak ahi o f ,

T arawera o f O k at ain a an d Of R otoru a began to

, ,
“
underst and the matter and to say ,
O h ! there i s ,

p erh aps a monste r als o dwelling on the road to Tiki

tapu because the travelling parties going from thos e
,

p a rts to R oto r ua a s well a s those co ming fro m

,

R otorua to these five lakes are never heard of ,

Fo r
when the travellers went to R otor ua by th e road Of
O k are k a they reached thei r h o mes in s afety ; but
if the travellers went fro m Tarawera to R otorua b y
the road o f Tik it ap u they ne v er re a ched R otorua at
all
—
s omehow they always g o t lost by that road .

And s o again it was with the pe ople from R oto

, ,

kakahi travelling thence to R otorua if they went by —

t h e road leadin g b y P are u ru they s afely arrived at

R otorua ; and also in r eturning from R otorua if they ,

came back by that s ame r oad they reached thei r

villages at R o t ok ak ahi in s afety S omeho w there was .

s omething o r other in that r oad b y Tik it apu which

’
c aused men s hearts t o dislike greatl y that way ,

bec a use those who tr avelled by it were lost and neve r

heard of T herefore the hearts o f those that re
.

m ained alive began t o stir within them s o that s ome ,

“
e ven went s o far as to s a y Perhaps th a t chief
,

Tan g aro amihi ha s killed and destro y ed both the

 M YT H O L O G Y .
55

t r avelling parties and the ar med parties who tr a velled

”
by the way o f Tik it a pu B ut t ha t c hief T ang a roa
.
,

mihi had sho wn his hospitality a nd ex p ressed his

,

kindly feeling to the inquirers who wen t to his tow n

to seek af te r those who were missing .

N o w ho weve r, when the

,
s u fl e rin g
people heard o f
the exceeding gre a t valour o f those four chiefs in their
s laying o f m o ns ters then they conside red h o w bes t t o
,

fetch t hem to co me and have a look at Tik itap u .

S o their messenger was sent to th o se brave he r oes ,

and when they he a rd fro m him the me s s a ge they a ll

be s tirred the msel ves that s a me l 70 for they were
— —

greatly delighted to he a r o f more work for them in

the line o f sl aying monsters S O they immedi a tely
.

com menced prepar ations f o r their j ou rney to Tik it ap u ,

s ome in pounding fern root s ome in digging u p

-
,

convolvulus roots some in taking whiteb ait ( G a la x ia s

-
,

a tte nua t a s
) an d so me in dredging f resh wa ter mussel s
,
-
,

all to be used a s food o n their j ourney to Taiap u t o ,

the m ou n t a t Moer a ngi for Moer a ng i was the plac e

where that noxious be a st called K ata o re dwelt .

In the mor ning at the b r ea k o f d ay they a r o s e

and st arted taking thei r first meal f a r a way o n the
,

great pl ain at a nice kind o f st e pping place

,
When -
.

they had sc a rcely fi nished their me a l they com mence d

convers atio n w ith the usual t al k Of warriors o n an
expedition for at this time the y did not exactl y kno w
whether it wa s re all y by a monste r o r by the people who
d welt thereabouts that all those w ho h a d t ravelled b y
that r oad whethe r armed par tie s or whethe r singl y
, ,

had been destroyed .

When this a rmed part y took their j ourne y the y al s o

b rought away with them the necessa ry ropes and such
things which had been prev i ou s l y made and got r e ad y
,
.
5 6 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

They kne w that such ( as they h ad heard )was the evil

st a te of all the ro ads and w ay s o f that place ; therefore
they s at awhile a nd considered knowing very well the ,

w ork they h ad in h and .

H owever ,when the eating and t alking w ere ended

they a g a in rose an d reco mmenced their march They .

entered the forest a nd tr a versed it quitting it on the ,

other side Then the priests went before the party

.

to scatter abro a d t h eir spells and charms that is to —

say their M a ori recit ations

,
B ut they a cted just the
.

s a me on this as on for m er occasions al r eady related .

They recited all the ch a r ms and spells they had

used a g ainst both H o t upuk u an d P e k e h au a going o n
*
,

a n d reciting a s they w ent At last they ma de up their

.

minds to h alt so they s at down

,
The n it w a s that the
.

people in the vi ll ages under the chie f Tan g aro amihi

, ,

g a zed w atchf u lly upon th a t a rmed p arty then encamped ,

thinking it wa s a p arty Of their ene mies co ming to fight

a n d to kill ; b u t in this the y were deceived it being alto ,

gether a d ifl e re nt party .

A long ti m e the p a rty rem ained there w atching ,

a n d w aitin g but no t hing c am e

,
At last o n e o f the .

“
ch iefs got up an d s a id Where abouts does this
,
”
noxious beast th a t destroys m en dwell !
'

Then
another of those chiefs replied Who knows where ,

in t he water or in the stony cli ff that overh angs

”
yonder ! O n this they set to work and closely
examined that l ake ; but al a s the m onster was n o t
,

to be found there N evertheless the a ppear a nce Of

.

th a t water w a s O f a forbidding fe arful char a cter that

,
—

is to s ay the fe ar wa s c a used by the peculi a r glitter

,

of the w ater a s if s trangely and d a rkly sh aded having

, ,

T h o ugh n o t o n ce men ti on e d or a ll ud e d to in t h a t s t ory .

 M Y TH O L O G Y .
57

the appearance O f the water whence the greenstone is

Obt ained But not withstanding all that they could
.
, ,

not detect any kind of chas m or d eep dark h ole in all

that lake like the hole in which P e k e hau a was
found .

Then certain O f the chiefs s aid to the priests ,

Begin G O to w ork S elect some Of your p atent

. .

”
char ms and spells S O those w ere chosen and
.

used : the priests recited their charms causing

stinging like nettles an d their ch a rms of stitching
,

together so that the b u bbles mig ht speedily arise to

,

the surface o f the l a ke if so be that the monste r ,

they sought wa s there in the water At this time .

‘

o n e o f the priests a rose upon the word spoken forth

,

by o ne of the chiefs o f the p a rty and s a id It is all , ,

to no purpose : not a single burst o r bubble h as

a risen in the water of Tik it ap u .

Then they turned their attention upwards to the

s tony cli ff which stood before the m ; when before ,

they h ad quite finished their spell causing nettle

s tinging and were reciting their lifting and r aising
,

c harms ,
a voice was he ard ro a ring downw a rds fro m
the overhanging precipice at M oerangi as if it were ,

the cre aking Of trees in the forest when violently

a gitated by the g ale Then they kne w a nd s a id
.
,
“
Alas ! the m onster s home i s 1 n the cave in the
’
-

”
s tony cliff .

U pon this the whole body Of 1 70 arose an d stood

ready for a ction ; for gl a d they als o were th a t the y
had found food for their inner man In their u p .

rising ho wever they were n o t forgetful for they

, , ,

im m ediately co mmenced reciting their powerful

char ms and spells All were u s ed of e a ch and
.
,
58 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

eve r y kind ; none were left unsaid The sever al .

*
priests m ade use o f all that being their peculia r ,

work .

They now set to work and soon they g e t near t o ,

the entrance o f the c ave in the ro ck where thi s

noxious cannib a l beast d welt At last they got up t o .

the c a ve where the whole b and quietly a rranged

,

the msel ves an d took a long ti me to consider how t o

,

act . At length the v a li a nt fe a rless m e n aros e me n ,

—

who had alre a dy bound monsters f a st and seizing —

,

the ropes went forward into the cave

,
There they .

s aw th a t noxious beast sitting an d st a ring full at

them B ut O h s uch fe a rful eyes ! Who c an describe
.
, ,

them ! In appearance like the full moon rising up

over the dist ant d ark m ount a in range ; and when -

gazed a t by the band those hideous eyes gl ared forth ,

upon the m like strong daylight s uddenly fl ashing into

the d a rk reces se s o f the forest And a non l o the y .
,

were in colour as if clea r shining greenstone were

glea ming and scintillating in the midst of the black
eyeb alls B ut that wa s really all that gave rise to
.

the appeara nce of fe a r because the creature s spine s ,

’

and cres t o f living spears had beco me quite flaccid

and powerless through the potent operations o f the
,

m any w eakening spells which ha d been u sed b y tho s e

nu merous warriors that is t o s ay priests —
,
.

Then they m anaged t o put their hands stealthil y

over its huge he ad gently stroking it at the s a m e
,

t ime At len g th the rO p e was got round the me n

.

s t e r s neck and m ade secure

’
Another rope was als o .

s lided furthe r o n below its fore legs and that w a s -

,

firml y fixed T wice did tho s e brave men ca rry r ope s

.

S e ve n or e igh t k in d s o f c h arms and s p e ll s are h ere al so p arti a l

lariz e d , and th e n th e re ma in d e r giv en in a l ump .
 M YT H O L O G Y .
59
into the cave H aving d one all t his they came
.
,

o ut to their friends those o f the 1 70 warrior s

,

wh o had been anxiously w a iting their return a nd ,

wh o when they saw the m e merge inquire d

,
Are , ,
”
y ou r r o p es m ade fa s t ! T hey replied Y es ; the ,

r opes are fastened to the monster o n e round the —

”
ne c k and o ne r ound the middle
,
Then th e inquiry .

“
ar ose ,
H o w shal l the dra gging it forth fro m its
”
cave and its d estruction be acco mplished !
, ,
When
“
s ome o f the chiefs replied Let us c a rry the r e pes
,

o utside o f the tree s which grow around s o that when ,

the monster begins to l a sh a n d bound a bout we sh all ,

be the better able t o make the m f a st to their trunks .

“
T hen others s aid ,
All that is very good but how -

,
”
s hall we man a ge t o kill it ! S ome replied Wh y ,

s hould we trouble ourselves about killing it ! Is it

n o t s o f a stened with ropes that it cannot get awa y !

Just leave it to itself Its o wn gre at strength w ill

.

c aus e i t to ju m p violently about and jerk and knock , , ,

an d beat itself . After th at we having made the,

r opes fas t to the trees the destroyers can easil y

,

run in o n it and kill it ; or if not let us leave

, ,
”
it alone to str a ng le itself in the ropes S O all this .

was car ried ou t b y those 1 70 b r ave war ri o rs .

T hen the several men having been all properl y

,

p laced so a s to hold and h a ndle and drag the rope

“
e fi e c t u ally
,
the word Of com mand wa s given H aul ,
”
aw a y ,
a n d the n they all hauled with a will But .
,

wonderful t o behold entirely o w ing to the cave bein g

,

in the face o f the perpendic ul ar c lifl almost si mul ,

t an e o u sly with the first pull lo ! the mo n ster wa s,

alre a dy outside o f the entrance t o t h e c a ve B ut then .

,

in s o s a ying the poten t work Of the priests in reciting

,

th eir r aising and uplifti n g charm s m ust be also in

cl uded in t he cau s e o f eas y accomplishment The .
60 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

’
moment that the monster s great tail was outside clea r
o f the c ave then its he a d beg a n to rea r a n d toss an d
,

plunge frightful to behold

,
O n seei n g this they
.
,

loosened a little the rope th a t held it by its m iddle

when 1 0 ! its head was close to the trees again s t
, ,

w hich it began to lean while it knocked about its

,

tail prodigiously The me n however were o n the

.
, ,

w a tch and soon the t wo ropes were h a uled tightly up

,

around the trees n ot withstanding the j erkings and

,

wr ithings O f its huge tail There at last it was

.
,

l a shed f a st close to t he tree s o th a t it could only ,

w riggle a little that is to s ay its t a il

—
, .

Then the a r med me n c am e o n T hey banged and .

beat and clubbed away a t the m onster which now lay ,

like a rat cau ght in the snare of a tr ap ; and it was

not long before it was quite de ad partly through the ,

blo ws an d bruises and p artly through the ropes And .

s o it cam e to pass that it was killed .

The fa m e o f this gre a t exploit was soon c a rried

to all those tribes who h a d fetched an d sent P urah o
kur a on his errand to Tik it ap u Then they asse m
bled a t the pl a ce and s aw with astonish ment thei r
,

de adly foe lying o n the ground j ust like a stranded ,

whale on the sea shore ; even s o this noxious monste r

-

n o w la y extended before them Then arose the .

mighty sho u t of derision fro m all both great and ,

small . The noise was truly de a fening loud sounding ,

-
,

like th a t a rising fro m the meeting together Of the -

strong currents O f many waters .

E a rly the next morni n g the people arose to thei r

work to cut up their fish Then was to be seen t he
.

dexterous use o f the v a rious sh a rp cutting in s t ru

’
ments O f the saw m ade o f sh a rks teeth o f the s e a
—
,

mussel shells Of the sharp pitchstone knives of the

-
, ,
“
 62 T H E A R Y A N MA OR I .

of cloth ing an d instru ments as before and the dead —

.

T he d ead they buried in a pit T hen they finished

.

cutting up th at big fi sh S ome Of it they roasted

.

and boiled and some they rendered down in its o wn

f a t and preserved in cal a b a shes And s o it c am e t o
.

p a ss that it w as all eaten up as good food for t h e

,

stomach Of m an .

But wh en the ne w s o f this killin g w as carried t o

the chief Tan g aro amihi to whom this pet s a uri a n
,

belon ged and he he a rd it s a id to him

,
Wh a t is thi s ,
”
th ey have done ! Thy pet has been killed ! the
“ ”
chief inquired ,
By who m ! and they ans were d ,
“
By the tribe o f T a m a ( N g at it a ma) O n he a ring .

this the he art Of Tan g aro amihi gre w d ark with those
wh o had d estroyed his pet and it remained an d grew
t o be a root o f evil f or all the tribe s Thus the stor y .

ends

Mr Colens o remarks
. this story that the name
on

o f Ta n g aro amihi w a s o n e highly s u ited to the event ,

o r it might h a ve been given t o him a t an e a rlier d a te

o n acco u nt o f his h a vi n g a pet reptile ; th a t T a n g a roa

w a s the god Of reptiles a n d fishes ; an d th a t mihi

m eans to sigh for o r l ament over any o n e .

In w eighi n g the m eri t s o f these three very int er ;

esti n g stories it w o uld be best to t ake them si n gly ,

so th a t their individ u ali t y m ay h ave fair p la y First .

,
”
the story o f H o tup u k u Panti n g Belly o r for the , ,
“ ”
s ake o f the poetic a l w e w ill s ay
. Sighi n g H e a rt .

H e i s a fe a rful mo n s t er big as a whale bu t with

, ,

spines like ro ws o f li v i n g spe a rs and furious l a s hi ng

,
.

t a il. The evi d e n ce see ms circu ms tanti a l eno ugh

n a me s of pl a ces are g i v e n a n d n a mes o f me n to wh o m
,

t h e M a oris cou n t u p n am e by n a me a s to their real

, ,

li a in g a ro a t h e place m ight mean “

a ncestors .
, , Eat
 M YT H O LOG Y . 63
”
t he lo n g ones ( but there was only o ne ); it might
“
me a n The long settle ment ; bu t ag ain kno wing that , ,

the M a oris b rought the hatred Of the n a gas with

“
them ( n a ga meaning gre a t. is it not
more likel y th a t the now forgotten na me was once -

”
K ain ag aro a Ea t the long s erpent
,
o r lizard ! T he ,

great s erpent o f the early Asi a tic n a tions was alw ays
“
the footed serpent the liz a rd o r crocodile T he —
, .

H ebre ws tell of the curse th a t fell on their great

“
serpent o n the Tree o f Life as O n thy belly s halt ,
”
thou go as if it was a very b a d thing indeed for him
, .

If we pass to the other names K a penga may mean ,

“ ”
The passing by but t aken in connection w ith the
-
, ,

story it is much more likely to once have been K a

,
” “ ”
p enaga T ake o r c a tch the n ag a
,
T he fight itself .

is all th a t could he wished in a fight ; but then w e

co m e t o the cutting open to the finding o f t he undi -
,

gested bodies o f all the victims he had eaten the ,

ar moury Of we apons the different sort s Of mats & c , ,

.
,

and as the l a nd o f myth Opens before you you cry , ,

“
O ur Old friend the D ra gon H ot up uk u you are .
,

the H indoo d ragon V rit ra the N orse dr a gon F afnir , ,

the Greek sn ake Python Yo u P urah o k ura a re .

, ,

I ndr a y o u are Sigurd you are Apollo you are the

, , ,

Old hero of the nursery S t G eorge Y our name ,

. .

”
sho ws that those who used it once knew it as f a ble .

“
P u rak au is M aori f o r a n a ncie n t leg e n d fi kur a is the
s a cred colour pur a na is ( S k ) for a ncient and
,
.
,

g aura ( S k )for yellow brigh t s p le nd id d

.
, ,
‘

C o mp are th e H i n d oo p ur akh , a n O ld ma n an d p urk h a p ro

, ,

g n it
e o rs , w it h ( M ) p . k
ura a n , ( 1 ) a n O ld man ( 2) a l e g e n d a ry
,

t al e .

rH is
J
wa s a lt e re d t o s u it t h e t e ll e rs o f t h e s t o ry
n am e ,

S p l e n did my th ” wa s o n l y a n a d a p t a ti o n o f t h e n a m e t h e O ld
c a ttl e d rivi n g A ry an s u s e d
- P ur a h o k ura wa s on c e P ora h o k ura , th e
.

R e d B u ll of He a v en , t h e S un in T a uru s .
64 TH E A RY A N MA OR I .

In the second legend it is not a nag a o r a ngar ar a

( spined n ag a
)o n w hich the cour a ge a n d skill o f thes e

heroes have to be displayed : it is a w ater monster ,

”
o n e Of the beings the Maoris c all t a ni wha
tan stretched o u t a n d v ar w a ter
, ,
There is not , .

such an at mosphere of terror round this a s around

the great footed snake The t a niw h a w a s the beast
.

whose nam e we keep as Levia tha n the w ater m onster ,

-

Y et there is s o mething even less terrible about this

o n e th a n about m ost O f the m an d it w as not a lto ,
“
gether a water monster Where does this m onste r
-
.

”
dwell ! T he people o f the pl a ce replied It dwells ,

in the water or it d w ells on the dry l a nd who should

,
—

”
certainly know An d what a st u pid sodden sort Of a
.
,

beast too to h a ve e aten so m any men ! We give Of

, , ,

course th eir due weight to all the v alu able spells utt ered
,

by the priests ; but this creature lets them dive down

and put him into a trap and bind ropes round him , ,

whereon he is igno miniously h a uled to the surface and

pummelled to death Philology n e w steps in and
.

s ays ,
T his awful be a st this m a nslayer full Of ,

victim s and weapons was only poor little B he k i the

, ,
”
frog . Peke but also P e k e ha ua h au a the coward !
,
—

The love Of m arvel the mists of a ntiquity have given

, ,

poor P e k eh au a the bulk of the whale and the tastes

o f the tiger H is wee ju mping b o d y no longer t o b e
.
,

seen swelled wi t h every century o f story telling until

,
-

he loomed as l a rge as the wonder o f the listeners .

The scientist w ill seek the bones Of P e k e h au a in vain .

T he third m onster is d ifferent from either o f the

other two It is a sort o f a pet o f the c hi ef of the
. .

place and he is q u ite ignor a nt o f its ferocious and

,

man e ating proclivities

-
The heroes do n o t know
where to look for it They tr y the waters O f the l ake
.

fi rst the dis mal mere fit abode for the Gri ml y

—
,
 M YT H O L O G Y . 65

“ ”*
Beast E ven the char ms Of stitching togethe r
.

do not see m to mo ve him and bring his loathl y for m ,

to the light Of da y .

T he y did not seem to like to ask the people o f the

settle ment about this creature Although they tried .

the water it was not because they had been told ( as o f

P e k eh au a) that he lived so meti mes o n the water and
s o meti mes o n the land T hey see med quite ignorant .

o f it s h abits and had to try a ll sorts O f spells to

,

fetch the mo nster o ut o f its hiding place T hen -

.

co mes a terrible ro a r T his is the first of the three

.

o f whom it is recorded that it m a de a noise Fearful .

as the ngarara was with his spines and lashing t a il

, ,

he did no t see m to appal them w ith the terrors o f

sound A roar like the wind in its wr ath bending
.

t he great trees o f the f O re s t A grueso me s ound . .

O nly the very b r avest c ould go through a n ordeal like

thi s . But in s pite Of the m enace conveyed in the
,

growl their next act w as to go into the cave and

, i
,

cal ml y put rope s r ound the m an killer N o t with -

.

standing the great eyes shining like moon s they ,

securel y bound the monster whose spines a n d spear s ,

were quite flaccid Then comes the pulling and haul

.

in g the las hing a b out with the r e pes round its middl e
,

and he ad and then qui etness Of de a th as it quits t he

, ,

world and di ssection commences a d is s e ct io n which

'

—
,

brings to light the same st age properties which we

had in the other two stories the halves and whole s —

o f victims the assortment Of di ff erent we a pons 85 0

, , .

We can on ly find what this terri ble animal

ou t
‘

w as b y considering the evidence a s to its appea r

Th en , in on e mome n t f th th e c h arm
, sh e p ut or

O f wo v e n p ac e s an d o f wa vi n g h n d s a ,

An d in th e h o ll ow oak h e l y a s d d
'

a ea .

Tenny son I d y ll s o f th e K in g .
66 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

a nce and actions It made a noi s e w ith its mouth it

.
,

b arked and gro wled it lived in a dry cave it rattled

, ,

its r ings and leg circlets If we allow that the ra ttling

-
.

o f the rings w a s a little poetical after rowth o n the

g
s tory ( because we are not a cqu ainted with any beast
with b angled legs even t he r a ttlesn ake does n o t
r attle his rings o n his legs for reasons ) I think we can—

get a true picture of it It was a D oes the re ader

.

know of any creature with ringed s trip es on its legs and

body whose awful ey es in the darkness O f a c ave would
,
“
be in colour as if cle ar shining greenstone were gle a m
ing and s cintillating Y es it was the CA T the last , ,

p o Or harmles s pussy ever looked u pon by Maori eyes ,

inv ested with the awful legendary terrors that their

f a t hers brought with them as the memory O f the
tiger . Will an investig ation into n a mes help u s here !
Y es an d settle the question
,
In my for mer p ar a graph .
,

concerning the bull it m ay be notice d that one o f the

,

w ord s w hich I used to identify him by the w ay in

w hich his n ame entered into composition w as t a r o re .

( put into a noose ) S O in the word for tig er t ab eka

, ,

( in composition tahe) the w ord describ ing his being

, ,

sn ared is tahere In a si milar w ay the termin ation o f

.

the word catu s the cat h as been made k a tore

, , ,

s i gnifyi n g the noosed o r tied c a t H ere it may be .

noticed also th a t there is a nother meaning for the

n a me o f the c a t s m a ster
’
The story h as p a ssed fro m
.

m outh to m outh thousands o f ti mes : is it not possible

th a t som e slight change might be made by those who
had no real conception as to the nature Of the animal
which was the princip a l figure in it ! Mi hi d oes me an
t o lament ; but the r e are t wo wo rds very li k e it and
.
.
,

Th e M aori word t au a a rop e is pu e t au us a

r , , r r , b nll, ro pi ng
or t e th e in g t h e
r b ull b e in g the A ry a n fi rs t use f or a rop e, and h en c e ,

t a ura th e b ull rop e

,
-
.
 M YT H O L O G Y . 67

onl y t wo words at all like it miharo t o wonde r at -

, ,

to admire and miha a distant descendant

, ,
I t is .

true that T ang a roa I S the god Of fish 85 0 but there ,

.
,

is a word tangare angry ; roa long ,

Tan g a ro amihi ,
.

”
would mean Long angry for the distant descendant .

T hat i s just what the story describes the Old chief as

being : he was overcast with gloom f or his poor
pet and it was a cau s e Of str ife with the tribe who
,

owned the s e he r oe s .

lIo w
-

admi r ably these Maori fairy tale s are narrated ! -

Wh a t wealth o f detail they lavish on y ou from the ,

conversation s o n the j ourne y and the d iif e ren t kind s Of

r e pe s t o the catalogue o f we apon s and variety o f
clothing T he struggles of the monsters are depicted
“

with lifelike exactitude and it i s only by an exertion ,

Of co mmon sense that o ne can bring hi mself to the

-

belief that s uch thin gs never could possibly have

happened .

T he point Of scientific interest in these sto ries is ,

that it wa s b elieved that the Maoris knew nothing of

c ertain a nimals until the co ming o f the Eure p e an s

T hat they h ad n o n ame s for the m is

i

a mong the m
!

true ; th at the y did not recognize the m w as cert a in

it would have been an i mpossibility bec a use they nor ,
’

their f athers ha d probably seen t he m f o r c e n t url e s

, ,
.

B ut s till they were using w ords whose se nse shows that

into their composition have been wo ve n t he names Of
'

things once living while the s ight and individual name

,

has been lo s t .

O ne thing more t o be noticed before quitting the

subject the manner o f killing
—
They killed tigers .

wi t h a rope liz a rd s wi th a rope the c at with a rope

, , ,

the frog with a rope From what I have rea d o f

.
68 T H E A R Y A N MA OR I .

most savage ra c e s who have to deal with ferociou s

animals the pitf all o r the heavy suspended arrow o r
, , ,

the poisoned bait are the me ans t hev usu ally e mploy
,

if thei r missile w eapons are not powerful enough to

k ill the big game fro m a distance But these me n .

fly to the rope and the rope sn are as their first and -

most effective w eapon W h a t wonder when the roped

.
,

hull w as the a nim al o n w hich they ( or their f a thers )had

Obt ained pra ctice with lazo and noose used by all ,

cattle raising people

-
.

H ere let me re mark in passing that I have been ,

”
perh aps in error in using the w ord pastor al sever al
,

times in reg a rd to the Aryans They w ere not a .

pastoral people in t h e s ense o f being a no madi c

people w andering over large s p a ces with their flock s
,

and herds They might be better described as a

.

stock farming people who had settle d though s cat

-
, ,

t e re d ho mes and d wellings but who lived by rearin g

, ,

cattle and sheep chie fly c attle —

.

If m y interpret a tion Of the na me Of the chief who

was long m ournful for his cat is wrong a nd it wa s ,

Tang a roa the god O f fish and re pt iles who w ept for
,
‘

,
“

his pet lizard then he was o wn brother to the H indu

,
’

V a run a who w a s a lso god Of fish and re p t ile s a n d

, ,

wh o rode o n the back Of a t a ni wha be a ring in his ,

“ ”
h and a noose the n ame o f which w a s N ag ap a s a
, ,
”
Binding the N aga “

a singul ar thi n g if a mer e

—

coincidence ; but he is an Ary an deity Also th a t .

,

the n ame Of the sea m onster on which he rode was -

”
Makar a which the Maoris call man go and mak o
, ,

( s ame wo rd) the shark , .

In passing from t he consideration of the killi n g O f

monsters to the representation o f their appe a ra nce I ,
 0 TH E A RY A N MA OR I
7 .

another phase Of Maori belief Max Muller s ays .

that among the Ary ans they first c alled the blue
, ,

sky D yaus then transferred the name t o the d wellers

,

in th a t sky the D yaus or D ivas afterwards begetting

, , ,

a si m ilar nam e to the G reek Zeus an d the Latin

”
D eus .The Old chief s name wa s Copy Of H e a ven
’
,
“ ”
or P attern o f the S ky Wh at c an it mean but .

th a t he was trying to dr aw the form of the in

‘

habitants Of th a t sky ! A lizard is not like the

sky : it would be a me a ningless and foolish tradition
th at would give such a n ame to the representation Of
a lizard if it were not for some connection with the

spiritual nature supposed to haunt the sauri an sh ape .

Af ter the Maori race had left Indi a perhaps even —

before they fin ally set o u t the feeling of horror —

a g a inst the sn ake and its worshippers deepened slo wly

in H industan first into dre ad then into respect

, , ,

finally into worship Their later Trinity a lw ays shows

.

s ome one of the three snake decor ated an d V ishnu

’
-
,

reposes o n the vast body while over h im re a ch the ,

thous and hooded he a ds (be a ring the Sw a stik a o r ,

mystic cross on e a ch) O f An anta the King of the

, ,

N agas They h ad forgotten that intense h atred and

.

lo a thing for the snake worshippers w ith w hich they -

gave to them the N a gasaka the twenty eight lowest ,

-
,

deepest hells a s their place o f resid ence

,
S lowly all .

had p assed away even to the other extre me an d we

, ,

read in a speech Of Arj una to Krishna : I behold

a ll the gods in thy body 0 G od ! and cro wds o f ,

d ifl e re nt beings the lord Brah ma o n a throne of a

—

lotus cup and all the R ishis an d ce les tia l

-
,

N o t thus wo u ld their f athers have spoken ; nor would

the N a g a h ave been one o f the gods or D evas me n

B h aga vad - git a ( Wil son) p , . 77 .

 M Y TH O L O G Y .
7 I

in the L ahita t
t io n e d V is t ara as o ne Of the eight
heavenly beings .

T his was the aftergrowth : to the early Aryan ,

watching the st a rs while guarding his herd on the

great plains o f Asia the footed s e rpent wa s a mystic ,

supernatur a l being whose constellation hung above ,

him coiling for ever about the centr a l Pole

,
The .

hatred o f the naga an d its w orshippers was ev anes

cent a nd wa s only the prope r ty O f t ha t branch Of the
,

Ary ans which had entered India The wester n migra .

tion was free fro m this d islike an d c alled O din the ,

“ ”
great S n ake a s one o f his titles ,
I think that .

this co mbined horror and respect for the n a ga is not

’
onl y a proof of the M a ori s descent but a test of the ,

time he left Indi a th at is when the rage O f which —

Indi an w riters tell us had died awa y a ssu aged by ,

conquest and the old idea of the supern atur al in

,

the s auri an o r Ophidi a n for m wa s resu ming its s way .

S O they tr ans mitted to their children the reverential

‘

“
dre ad inspired by the celesti al serpent and it
p a ssed on until R ang it au ira carved his ik a on the
b anks of the W ait io The Maori in so me dim nude .
,

fined w ay had a notion th at t he gods were not

,

altogether evil ; but he by s ome str ange a rrest of ,

develop ment re mained in the s ame st a ge of religious

,

dawn he too k with him when he left his Aryan

brothers j ust as they w ere beginning to recognize
,

that the blue sky Dy aus cont a ined a D yaus pit ar a -

,

heaven father carried into G reece as Zeu p ater an d

-
,
-
,

into R ome a s J u piter By the M a ori o f sixty ye ars

-
.

ago At u a the god was only f a intly recognized as

,
’
M a tua the parent .

Lea v ing for a ti me the discussion concerning deities ,

it Would be well to notice so me of their other beliefs

72 TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

and superstitions There is an Old story told by the

.

M a oris about wh at we c all the Man in the Moon ”

. .

It re la tes t hat a w o ma n n amed R ona w ent o ut to

gather sticks by moonlight but t he moon going , ,

behind a cloud she stu mbled over a stone an d c ursed

, ,
“ ” “
the moon saying U p o k o k o hu a ! ( Boil your
, ,

Whereupon she w a s seized by the invisible po wers

a nd throw n right up to the moon where legs , ,

upper most and w ith the b undle Of sticks she still

, ,

re mains B ut the marv el is expl a ined when we find

.

th at R ona up in the m oon is the H indoo goddess

.

R ohini the princip a l a n d beloved m ate of the god o f

,

the m oon once R ohini then R e in a then R on a

—
, ,
.

This curse uttered by R ona is w ritten down by

, ,
”
Mr Willia m s in his diction a ry as P o k o k ohu a evi
.
,

d e n t ly the right w ord doubtless dict a ted by s o m e ,

a riki ,
or priest wh o kne w the hidden meaning
,
The .

“ ”
gener a l a ccept a tion O f the word as U p o k o k ohu a
conveys no ide a O f its ins ulting power as understood
by the N a tive A gre a t w ar costing much bloodshed
.
, ,

o nce took pl a ce in the N orth from one girl saying it

to another wh o was spl a shing her when b athing .

E ven re me mbering with wh at disgust they looked

upon the idea of being e aten or cooked themselves ,

still any other way of putting it would be mild c o m

,
”
pared with the P o k o k ohu a The f a ct is it is .
,

a nother long re membered -

survival fro m the c a ttle
d ay s . It is Pok O k O hua E gg or fruit o f the pig
- - - —

an d c o w : a s t he pig w a s a n uncle a n beast it wa s just ,

like s aying S p awn of fi lthin e s s or words to that

'

effect .

T apu in the sense Of religious exercises

,

t ap as has been long known in India : it is wh at we

—

“
may c all the sacred tapu which was the di v inity ,
 M Y T HO L O G Y .
73

that doth he d ge a chief and rendered all his per ,

sonal belongings s acred to hi mse lf T he other form .

,

the unclean t apu which made a person un s peakabl y

,

uncle an who h ad touched a skull o r broken thro u gh

any o f the many restrictions o f the sacre d tapu is ,

represented by a kindred word in Greek t ap e ino s ,

filthy vile b a se The peculi a r form assumed by t a pu

, ,
. .

in Ne w Ze al a nd after the l apse o f so many centuries

, ,

has fe a tures which seem unique and singul a r ; but

probably it took its most str ange aspect only a short
time before the advent o f the E uropeans If a s m any .
,

M aoris say c a nnibalis m is quite a m odern institution

,

in this country then it is likely that the strongest

,

forms o f the tapu gre w up with it for the protection

o f the persons of influential people a n d o f their b e

longings B ut on the other hand if eating the bodies

.
, ,

o f slain foe men is an ancient practice we see signs o f ,

it in the o ld mythologic al Indian story o f the god

Agni ( Fire)sharpening his iron tusks as he goes to eat
the flesh of the foes of the Aryans the N a g a s And ,
.

“ ”
“

m ana ,
another of their old beliefs concerning the ,

sanctity possessed by chiefs and by we apons th a t had

“
done mighty things is the manas o f S a nscrit the
, ,

mind the subtle spirit instinct with knowledge a n d

,

power
It is well known that the fields o f the ku mara
n ish ment
( s w eet pot a to
)were t ap u and that severe pu ,
-

followed any atte mpt to steal fro m the m The wo men .

w orking in these cultiv a tions were tapu and h a d to

‘

j oin in the prayers of the priest for a bountif u l cr 0p .

The t apu was in the na me o f the plant the n a me o f a ,

s a cred being : their brothers o f India gave the n ame

”
Kum ar a t o the four sons of Brahma and c o m
panions o f V ishnu .

Let me cite t wo pa s sage s bearing on the ve r y per

74 T HE A RY A N MA OR I 1

sistent use of a particular sort of trumpet The fir s t .

occurs in an account of a battle in which the Kurus ,

a famous fighting branch of the Ary ans kuru a ,

blow of the fi s t were engaged the god Krishna fi ght

—
,

ing on their side

T hen in order to encour a ge him the a rdent old
, ,

a ncestor of the Kurus blew his conch shell sou ndin g -

,

loud as the ro a r of a lion Krishn a blew

.

his conch shell P an ch a njany a the D espiser of Wealth

-
, ,
’
ble w the Gift of the G ods ; he of dreadful deeds
‘

an d w olfi sh entr a ils blew a gre a t trumpet c alled

P a un d ra ; King Yu d isht hira the son o f Kunti blew , ,

* ’
the E ternal V ictory
‘
&c ,
.

N ow a more modern extract concerning N e w Ze a

land
In so me places a s maller tru mp et is used i n time
of w ar . The body of the tru mpet i s al ways made of
a l arge shell ge n er ally th at of a triton an d the mode
, ,
”
of blowing it differs with the locality t .
“

The first quot a tion is doubly v alu able bec ause it ,

notices not only the use of the shell tru mpet but th at -
,

the Ary ans had the habit of n aming their weapons

and property as though e a ch thing possessed a distinct
“
personality giving it a m an a in fact ex a ctly a s
—
, ,

the old M a oris did even with the b alers of thei r

,

c anoes .

Th e b a l e r ( c a ll e d )Tip u h or n uk u a o ,

( A n d ) T i p u a h angi - o ror .

I w ill c a y thi s m y p a ddl err ,

( C a ll e d )K a utuk t era ng i 1
”
1 .

T he Maoris have not lost the a ncestral power of

c alling names .

git a ( T h oms n) p 5
B h ag a v a d - o , . .

T W d s
oo
“ N t
a
’
ur a l H i t ory o f M an
s p 1 38 , . .

I N g a T i p un a M a ori
”
B y S ir G e org e G e y
. r .
 M Y TH O L O G Y .
75

Havi n g s een what sor t legends the y told each of

other let us consider briefly anothe r branch o f v ivd

,

voce instruction In the work fro m which I have

.

alre ady quoted so largel y are many proverbs and pro

ve rb ial s a yings some o f them very beautiful some of
, ,

the m pre gnant with wisdom so me hard to underst and , ,

and I believe only to be understood a s reference s to

th at far removed m od e o f existence a nd that distant
-
,
“ ”
land o n the other side of the g r eat Peaks of H imalay .

I will not repeat tho s e which from loc a l references , ,

& c have a modern appearance but only those o n

.
, ,

which I think light c an be thro wn by the belief in

the Aryan descent o f the Maori

N a te wae wa e i ki mi
O btained by seeking .

Tra ns la ted a s “
S ought for by the leg .

New R ea d ing W a ewae is not only leg but foot ;

.
— !

,
“
and the liter a l rendering i s Looked for by the
” ”
feet ,
the me aning of course tracking by the , ,

hoof marks -
.

Ma te k anohi miro miro

Tra ns la tion To be found by the sh a rp eyed little
.
-

”
bird .

“ ”
New R ea d ing Miro has a nother me aning beside
.
—

that of the name o f a bird : it me ans m arks made by

cattle as they p ass along .

E tau ruru e rua tau wehe e rua t au mutu

ru a , , ,

e rua tau kai

Tra ns la tion Two seasons o f drought
. t wo ,

s easons of sc arcity two seasons of crop failure two ,

-
,

s easons o f plenty .

Meaning Persevere keep at it and success will

—
, ,

follow .

Ne w R ea d ing Two y ear s of the wolf two ye ar s

.
,
76 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

of going astray two years ,

of m utilation, t wo year s of

food Cattle proverb .

He k o o an g a tangata t ahi he n g ahuru puta

'

, ,

noa
Tra ns la tion At pl anting ti me helpers come
.
-
,

s tr a ggling singly 5 at h a rvest all hands co me from ,

'

”
every whe r e round Literally to show its terseness .
, ,
“ ”
At pl anting sin gle handed ; at h a rvest, all a round
,
-
.

“ ”
N ew R ea d ing The word u sed for harvest has a.
—

d ilf ere n t me an in g now to what it once h ad N g ahu ru .

m ay n o w m e a n the harvest if digging up roots &e , ,

.
,

is h arves t ; but b urn is ex a ctly the Gothic ulu the ,

E nglish wool the word a s now used b y the Maoris

being applied to the h air o f an a nimal the feathers ,

o f a bird & c only bec a us e they h ad lost the sheep

,
.
,
.

N g ah uru the w ools ( pl u r al n g a) was the sheep

, ,

harvest the shearing ,

To me the proverb run s ,
”
At cow herding one m an at sheep she a ring m any
-
,
-
.

A simil a r one
H o a piri n g ahuru tah a kee raum a ti
'

Tra ns la t ion Friends stick to y ou in harvest but

.
,

fall o ff in su mm er the se ason of scarcity and —

work .

N ew R ea d ing S ubstituting wo Ol shearing for ha r

.
— -

vest yes
,
.

T a ringa muhu k ai
Tra ns la tionE ars on the ga i vine for food
. .

N ew R ea d ing Y es the pricked forw a rd ears .

— — -
of

a qu adruped not o f a man , .

E wha o ringaring a e wh a o waewae ,

“
Tra ns la tion Thou hast four hands and fou r
.

”
legs a word s a id quietly to a boasting fellow
,
.

N ew R ea d ing Y es if he was accustomed to .

—
,

c attle .
 7 8 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

ru a ( mentioned before) are the t wo horns of t he

*
bull .

W hak awae wa e wha

Tra ns la tion M ake ( thyself) four legs ( fir s t)
.

U se d ironicall y to a pe r s on who boasts o f what he

can do .

New R ea d ing G e t four le gs Get a be as t

. .

”
o f you r o wn .

I wh e a k oe i te n g ah o rot an g ao te r au o te
kotukutuku
“
Tra ns la tion Meaning Whe r e wert thou in the
—
,
” “
time of work o r o f d anger ! ,
Literally Where ,

w ert thou in falling o f the le a ves of the kotukutuku

T his tree (Fuchs ia excortica ta)is the only o n e in N ew
Ze aland which i s r eall y d eciduou s T his proverb may .

also be used f or many othe r p urposes as When in , ,

s iege or battle y our t ribe or people were k illed whe r e

, ,

were you absent or hi d ing

—
Meaning Is it meet ,
”
f o r thee t o bo a st find fault o r speak ! ,
At such ,

times it is a very cutting sarcasm often cau s in g ,

inten s e feeling .

New R ea d ing Where wert thou in the abundance

.

”
o f the mu ltitude o f cro wdi n g c a ttle ! ( k o tuk e t uk e) -

— th a t is o f the cattle muster

,
a work both of toil -
,

a n d danger a s most colonists know

,
The le a ve s of .

the fuchsi a f a ll at a time when food is plentiful not in ,

the hard working day s of sp ring

-
.

P erh aps the very best proof o f the corr ec tnes s

of any theory will be found in the O ld songs & c ,
.
,

w hich have been handed d own from ancient days I .

shall reserve fo r a future w ork this most i mporta nt

Mr C o l e ns o hims e lf
. t l t
ra n s a e s
( in ano t h e r p l ace) t a ra o t e
m a ra ma ” a s “
c us ps of th e n e w moon ”
wh a t we
—
_ c a ll th e
“
mo on s h o rn s
’
.
 M YT H O L O G Y .
79

subject . It 1 8 o n e involving t o o much labou r and

thought to be undertaken without lo ng p reparation ;
and the proofs w ould be neithe r apparent to the
general reader nor s o interesting as to the in
,

d us trio us student I have not at the present

.

’
m oment a copy o f S ir George Grey s valuable work ,
“ ” ”
P oetry o f the N ew Zealanders and it i s o ut ,

at the two libraries to which I have access ! but in

”
turning over the T ransactions for the p urpo s e o f
’
q uoting Mr C o le n s o s proverbs
. I notice o n e ext r act ,

from an ancient song which he gives in s ome

c harming chapters upon T he Mo a ”
.

E muri k o e ah iah i ra
’
,

T an go ma i t e k ore ro O n ama t a , ,

O nah e rawa O n ga k a h ik a ,

E , k e i run g a riro ,

K e i a K ah un gun u
KO t e m an u h ou n e i e , t e Moa.
H e i t ia ih o mo t ak u ran gi .

T r anslated by Mr Colenso
‘

.
,

Ala s l a ft erwa rd s d th o u in t h e e v e nin g h ours

o

P o d uc e an d b e gi n t h e t a l e o f o ld
r ,

Th e s t ory o f t h e v ry e arli e s t ti m e s
e

O f th e g re a t a n c i e n t m en .

T h us le t it b e b e gi n with t h e v e ry b e ginning of all

, ,

With t h e c hi e f K a h un gunu
S o th a t t h e bi rd s p l ume h e re p re se n t
’
,

T h a t is t o s a y o f th e Mo a
, ,

S h a ll b e s t u c k i n t o th e h a i r o f my p in c i p a l c h i e f ( or r be l ov e d
on e )
.

’
I b o w to Mr C o le n s o s t r ans lat ion of the first part
.
,
“
until he comes t o the chief K ahung unu the Maori ,

w ords n ot impl y ing th a t it was a chief .

Al a s l a ft erwa rd s d o th o u in th e e v en in g h ours
P r duc e an d b e gi n t h e t a l k o f o ld
o ,

Th e s t ory o f t h v y e a rli e s t t ime s

e er

O f t h e g e a t a n c i e n t me n ;
r

T h us le t it b e w ith th e v e ry b e gin nin g o f all ,

With th e C ow bit s ( b e e f e a t e rs);-

er -

E e t h e n ew bird th e Mo a
r , ,

H ad s h one a cro ss my sky .

80 T H E A R Y A N MA OR I .

It can only be for M a ori scholars to decide if

interpretation o f the l a st t wo lines ,

K O t e m an u h o u n e i e , t e Mo a
H e i ti ah o mo t ak u ran gi ,

is not the correct on e .

With these few examples I leave a su bj ect which

,

will not be exhausted of interest for the next century .

T he proverbs legends &c a re al ways difficult to

, ,
.
,
'

tr a nslate owing to the poetic a l i ma gery intensified

, ,

by slight ch anges w rought by spe akers w ho n o t ,

kno w ing the o ri g mal m eaning wrested s o me sound

,

slightly t o give ( as they thought) sense That any .

relics at all of the o ld life should be re ma ining am ong

the expressions o f an isolated people in a forest ,

country and unable to see the presence o r be re

,

minded o f the exi s tence o f large qu adrupeds seem s ,

very m arv ellous .

 TI ME or M I G R A T I ON ET C
,
. 8 1

C H A P TER V .

T I ME OF M I GR A T I ON , E TC .

IN the introductory portion o f my wo rk I alluded '

to th e co mmunit y of l a nguage h abits 8 m among the

, ,

lig ht co lo ure d Polynesi a ns

-
It is no uncom mon thing
.

for E uropeans no t well acqu a inted with the subject to

”
class a ll the S outh S e a Islanders a s bl a ckfello ws ,

merging the Maori and Aus tralian the S amo a n an d ,

the Papuan in one comm on ter m

,
E ven those who .

have more kno wledge o n the s ubj ect h ave no definite

idea h o w sharply the line o f dem arcation is draw n
bet ween the M a ori race and the P apu a n in thos e
islands which they inhabit together S peaking Of .

Aneity um o n e o f the Ne w H ebrides M r Ingli s

, , .
:

s ays .

T he Malay race in these islands spe a k all on e

langu a ge although they spe a k a nu m
,
ber o f dialects ;
b ut the inhabit a nts o f each gro u p speak only o n e
di alect O n the other h an d the l an gu a ge of the
.
,

P a puans is not only d ifi e re nt fro m that of t he Mal ays ,

but it is a l a ngu a ge broken up into a gre a t nu mbe r

o f d ialects — mo t fewe r perh a ps th a n a hundred
, ,
Not .

o nly is there a d iff erent dialect o n each group b ut ,

there is a distinct di alect o n every island and some ,

times more than o n e o n the s ame island and they are ,

r ather languages th an dialects Th e

.

P a puans occupied thes e groups o f island s long before

’
the a rrival o f the M alays .

“
D i c ti on ary O f th e An eity ume se L an g ua g e ( R ev . J oh n In gli )s .

6
8 2 TH E A RY A N MA OR I .

A man whose dictum will be accepted by mo s t

p ersons as that Of a well known s cientist s ay s -
In
t h e M alay Archipelago we have a n excellent exa mpl e
o f t wo absolute ly distinct races which a ppea r t o hav e ,

approached each other and intermingled in an u n

occ u pied territory a t a very recent epoch in the
history of

Without piling u p authorit ies I think it may be ,

taken for granted that there is a race inhabiting thes e

seas differing in l angu age and appea r ance and ,

prob ably in descent from the dark Papuans

,
The .

q uestion o f w hence they came is o n e that ha s been the

s ubj ect O f much discussion Their traditions na me the
.

pl a ce as H awaik i o r Avaik i S o me have asserted fro m

.
,

si milarity o f n a m e and sound th a t H awaii in the , ,

S a ndwich Islands w as the origin a l home o f the Maori

,

r a ce ; s ome sa
y S av a ii in the N avigato r Isl ands ;
,

others mention different pl aces P utting aside t h e

.

di ffi c ul ty o f a rriving here fro m the e a stward S outh

S e a isl a n d s on a ccount o f the ste a d y wind fro m the
,

o pposite quar ter I believe the evidence g a ined fro m

,

the natives of these pl a ces is fin a l ag a inst any such

theory . When we get to H a w a ii we find the n a tives
sa t hey ca m e fro m H a w aii ; at S am oa they s a th ey
y y
c am e fro m S a v a ii ; & c The w hole qu estion see ms
.

: s ettled by a phrase used in a work w ritten by a

r esident in Ma n g a iia Speaking of Ta ng iia ( another
.

Ta n stretched out o n e of t heir water deities he -

,
“
s ays ,
H e w a s re ga rded as the fourth son o f V a t e a
(noon ) and Papa ( found a tion) bei n g o n e o f tho s e who
,

accompanied R an gi from Av aik i the nether world to , ,

”
this upper world of light 1 T h a t is the real Av aik i
.
'

M a l a y A rc hi p e l a g o ( W a ll a c e ) .

1 S a v a g e L if e in P o l yn es i a ( R e v Mr . . Gill ).
 TI M E or M I G R A T I ON E T C ,
. 83

— the world which sunk behi nd them at the ste r n o f

thei r canoe s d im with d i s tance but once a r eal
—
.

e xistence . D id e rent people p ut d ifl e re n t values upon

the weight t o be attached t o Maori tradition it is
ce r tain if thei r genealogies a re to be trusted that
, ,

the canoes bringing them arrived onl y t wo o r three

hund r ed y ea r s ago I believe that those who h ave
.

studied the subject mo s t a r e unanimous in declaring

that the Mao r i s have been in N ew Zeala nd ve ry much
longer ; that f r om the ver y exten s ive cultivations
, ,

fortifications &c N ew Zealand give s evidence o f being

, .
,

once occupied by a very large po p ulation at s ome far

past time As t o the genealogi e s the y a r e d oubtle s s
.
,

t rustworth y f o r s ome time bac k ; afte r that the y merge

'

into m y th D id n o t the tribe s o f R oto r ua count

.

back t o the man wh o killed H o tupuk u the great ,

liza r d that i s t o S t Geo r ge and Apollo ! Did n o t

—
,
.

the line o f the H eraclid ae ancient Kings o f Greece , ,

trace back name b y name to H e r cul e s ! O ur Welsh

families d o the s ame back to d ay s before the flood
m
.
,

They do n ot wish to deceive ; but historians ust

r eceive such e vidence doubtfully E ven accepting .

the tradition as co rr ect the onl y s ailing directions ,

from H awaiki traceable in the legends are a When ,

o u o look at the ris ing o f the star and the sun and
y g , ,

keep the p r ow of your c anoe t o it Me t it iro ki te

u t e n g a mai o te whetu O te ra me waiho te iho o te
p , ,

waka rei r a Thi s wa s the cou r se the y had steered

from Asia .

B ut the y might not have come direct f r om Asia !

They might have lingered f o r gener ations o n the
w ay ! Possibly ; but the evidence of language is o ur
only guide and I think that proves th at they came
,

w ithout long delay .

”
Nga T up un a M aori , by S ir G e org e Gre y .
84 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

E nglish readers m ay h ave re marked that the w ord s

I h ave given as the M a ori pronunci ati on do riot
see m to render the sound a t all th a t bil ( S k ) is not —
.

like the Maori pir St e But the M aori cannot s ay ,

.

”
bil at all events w ithout long and c aref u l teaching
, .

They h ave to use the s ounds they h ave alw ays he ard ,

and n e w letters s ee m difficult not only to speak but , ,

to recognize in the voice of another I h ave tried .

“
v ainly for a long ti me t o m ake a Maori say lady
“ ” ” “
he s ai c reri Lantern was . ratana and s o ,

on But it is not th a t the Ma ori has lost these letters

.

that he h as lo s t t h e po wer of s aying s an d l and b , , ,

and s o forth : his f a thers never had the m ; nor d id

o urs till a later period th a n t h e G reat Migr a tion .

Between th e first V eda ( the R ig V ed a) an d the other,

-

V edas the strong r s ound had softened d own to a n 1

, .

G w as quite a l a tely invente d letter a n d wa s introduced

-
,

into L atin by a s choolmaster abo ut 5 2 0 as a

for m of modified k Q as in quis quatuor &c w as .
, , , .
,

a lways p r onounced a s kis k a tn e r 850 B and p were , ,

.

hardly separated as shown in the Latin s bibo I drink

,
’
, ,

where the G reeks w ith the sa me root s aid p in e , , .

S w as especially a late sound ( G r ) ku on and ( Lat ) ,

. .

c anis a dog being prim a ry forms older than ( S k )

, , ,
.

cu e n or svan V was a l ate sound a n d wa s once u

.
,

or w .The ( L at )s u e ( I s e w)is earlier than the ( S k )

. .

siv or svi O ur Maori w ord for dog kuri is older

.
, ,

t han either It is still extant in India (in K e l as

.

It ha d the ha o f ( G r ) kuon but added .

,

was the snarling r the strong letter called by the L a tins

, ,
” ” ’
litera canin a the dog s letter from which older
, ,

form comes the ( L at )curro I run and (E nglish)cur .

, , ,

a dog that runs away The Maoris have this old strong .

r never s oftened to l or d
,
They cannot pronoun ce .

the sibilant s that w as lisped after they left by a

,

gentler race I d o not wish to frighten my readers

.
86 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

the S amoan and H awaii an being much mo r e like the

M aori than the Malay From t he tendency show n by
.

the s e language s I conclude that the flood o f Arya

, ,

in India pushed outward through th e E astern seas

i n three great p uls ations o r tidal waves The first .
,

the Maori flowed past the island s Of the Archipel a go

, ,

turned by N e w Caled onia an d fa voured by some t e m , ,

p o r ar
y wind f r o m the north o r north west reached -
,

N ew Zealand T hey carried the strong n g sound

.

o f a pri mitive r ace said rangi not langi wai not

—
, ,

va i . H ere they remained o ut o f the way of the ,

main s tream keeping thei r tongue free from the

,

deca y o f interchange The next wave w ent farther

. ,

o utward s n o rth east to H a w aii

n
south east to Tonga
-
,
-

and T ahiti They passed n o t very long after the

.

Maoris Thei r language h a s not corrupted by com

.

mun ic at ion with a later race T he Malays are the .

la s t of the overflow across the sea if they had to

.
—

c r oss the sea The r e is great reason t o believe that

.

the Malay I s lands were once part o f Asia An .

a uthority sa y s

*
In the first chapte r o f this work I have stated
gener ally the re a sons which lead us to conclude that
the large island s in the western portion of the Archi
pelago Java S umatra and B orneo as well as the
—
, ,
—

Malay penin s ul a and the P hilippine Islands have been ,

recently separated fro m the continent o f Asia .

“ ”
D r H ooker informs us ( Flora Indica )
.

that m any pl a nts found in Ceylon the H imalayas , ,

the N il ghiri and Khas ia Mount ains are identical ,

wit h thos e of Java and the M alay peninsula

The birds o f the Indo Mal ay reg i on closely rese bl e
.

m
those Of India .

M a l a y A rc hi p e l a g o ( W a ll a c e ).
 TI ME or M IG RA T I ON ET C
,
. 87

If this be the case then t he M a oris would n o t

,

have so f ar t o g o o n leaving Asia and the r e is some ,

difficulty the less t o be faced Mr T ho mson writing . .

,

in the notice s th a t t h e M alays call

”
th e wind from India angin barata Bharata being ,

the old name f o r India Bhar a ta is gener ally sup

.

posed to be derived from a king o r chief n amed

Bharat and that the Indi a n Aryans are his descend
,
”
a nt s but as the old word for brother was bharat ar
, ,

it is exceedingly likel y that the chief wa s only a

genealogical fi ct iOn and that the Bh arata s were me n
,
“ ”
feeling themselves as brothers in a str an ge land .

That the word Bha r at is an old na me is proved by

”
the poem Maha bar ata the great heroic poe m of
:
-
,

India which recites the deeds o f the Ary ans de

, ,

s troye r s o f the aboriginal inhabitants ; this though ,

n o t so o ld a s the V ed a s being o f extre m e antiquit y

,
“
.

T his wo r d wa s taken by the Maoris on the j ourney

“ ”
towards the rising o f the sun an d star a father ,

in Mang aiia ( Cook s Islands ) ch anging the previou s

’

”
name O f his son to B arapu m eaning
‘

India lying in th a t direction from Mang aiia Th e .

” “ ”
angin bharata the breeze from the brother land
,
-
,
“ ”
i s r epre s ented in Maori by angi a gentle wind , ,
“ ” ”
and p a ra ki a north wind also p a rera a north
, , ,

west wind which would be the breeze which was

,
‘

blowing when they turned and ran down to the

s outh e ast from N ew Caledonia
-
.

I t may be s af e ly conceded that if the Maori has

verbal agreement with V e d ic S anscrit his de parture wa s
more than three thous and y ears ago The historical .

authorities do n o t agree about the d ate when the

W h enc e of th e M aori ( T h omson ) .

1 S ava ge L i f e in P o l yn es i a
“ ”
.
88 TH E A RY A N MA OR I .

V ed a s w ere co mposed but it a ppears to have been ,

about fo u r thous and ye ars since and as the S anscrit ,

had ch a nged gre a tly bet w een the firs t an d t he other

three the R ig V ed a w a s probably co mp osed many
,

centuries b e fore ! The Ma o ri h as Older for ms of w ord

th a n the V ed a but th at is the oldest work w ith
,

w hich there is a ny possibility of co mparison The .

Ma o ri word r ang atira is a good exam ple for us to

“
consider T he E nglish use the w ord m a n in two
.

senses o n e h aving the sense of ( Lat ) h o me a m an

,
.
, ,

m e ani n g a hum a n being ( and including wo men and

children ) the other the sense of ( Lat ) vir a man a .
, ,
”
virile man a m ale The S a nscrit w ord
, .lang a a ,

m an shows th a t soft fat al l which argues a later

, ,

date th an the M aori rang a R ang a tira means the .

-

r ayed shining m an the chief n o t the com mon c ro ivd

m
,
.
, ,

S trange to s ay t ang a t a a an does not come from

, , ,

this ro o t it does not m e a n a male exclu

s ive ly .In the N e w H ebrides tak a ta me a ns w o m en ,
.

It co mes fro m the ( S k ) t ang a to shout they bei ng .

, ,
”
only shouters or cattle drovers ( male or fem a le)
,
-
,

not shining chiefs The ( M )ringa means b ot h hand

. .

and arm as waewae means both f e et and leg The

,
.

l‘d alay s say lu n g an the arm but tangan the hand , , ,

.

T he Maoris have the verb tango t o take in the h a nd ; ,

but they had not learnt to call the h and by that ,

“ ”
name .Their word rin ga me ant to clasp round ,

clutch e mbrace represente d in o ur sister tongue by

,
” ”
R ing to enco mpas s The word N g a in N g apuhi ’

.
,

( a northern Maori tribe ) is a shortening of N gati a ,

c o mm on prefix to the name of a tribe or hapu a s in ,

N g at ih au a Ng a tit ip a St e,
and this word me aning , .
,

d e s e én d an t s of born o f is the ( La t ) word n a ti fro m

, ,
.

n atus born spelt in R o ut le d g e s D iction a ry w ith the

, ,
’

“ ”
o ld
g n as g n at u s
,
our ng turned
—
If it should .

be argued that p erhaps the N ga here should mean

 TIME er M I G R A T I ON ET C , . 89

N aga puhi I answer th at thc N a gas would neve r have

-
,

adopted the Ary an l anguage ( and the Maori is Aryan )

of their h ated f e e s The D rav irian ( aborigin a l
.

Indian ) lan gu a ges h ave only a f e w words resembling

M a ori an d these h a ve been picked up by forty cen
,

t urie s of residence in a land where the Aryan is lord .

The D ravirian l angu a ges have no greater affinity for

M a ori than the M aori has fo r r eptiles T he M a lay .

had continual intercourse with th e mainland even if ,

not j oined to it Brahmin prie s ts B uddhist te a chers

.
, ,

M ahom medan zealots have visited him and dwelt

,

with him until his language is full of the idioms and

ide a s gained fro m later H industan N ot s o the .

Maori : in his island home o ff the line o f the pre,

vailing winds he has been keeping the o ld s p eech as he

,

received it on the plain s east of the Caspian Sea It .

has been a sserted lately that the Maoris are children '

o f Abraha m 81 0
,
T hey will have to alter al most
.

e very i mportant word in their language before it can

be claimed th a t the y are o f S e mitic parentage .

M auris o r Moors they are not T o find the true .

African langu a ge you can sea r ch amo n g the Au s tra

lians or the Papuans the blackfellows and those whom
-

”
the Maoris call p arauri the children of bondage — .

M a ny modern men of science believe that there once

stretched a vast continent or closely connected chain -

o f islands east w ard f rom Afric a Whethe r it i s now .

under the sea leaving its peaks only ( a s geologists

,

think ) will perhaps be known o n e day and Lemu

, ,
”*
ria proved to have existed T he pres e nce of a .

r ace w ith African re s emblances encircles half the

globe .

When the Aryans entered Ind ia they are supposed

to have had we apon s of iron & c S o the poems re pre
,
.

M e th o d s an d R e su lt s of E thn ol og y ( Huxl ey) .

90 TH E A RY A N MA OR I .

s ent ; but it may be o nly that the weapons o f a l ater

a g e were transferred to the ancestral hands Charles .

K ingsle y in his noble description o f the setti n g out

,
-

o f the A ry ans f r om the tribal lands speaks o f tall , ,

bare limbed men with stone axes o n thei r shoulders

-
, ,

an d horn bows at their But granting even ,

that the Ar y an M a ori once had weapons o f iron he , ,

a c attle farme r certainly neve r made them hi ms elf

-
, ,

but obtai ned the m by barter When he had s ailed .

away to the e astward as his N orse and Celtic brother s

,

were d oing t o the westward and arrived in a strange ,

country he would n o t know how t o turn miner to

,

extr a ct the o re but would have when the precious

, ,

i r on weapons we re o ut to r eturn to the O ld stone axe

,

his fathers used The greenston e (j ade) axe was a

.

p r eciou s thing indeed valu able from its m aterial

, ,

valuable for the infinite toil expended in sh aping it .

O f this j ad e o r nephrite were the ornaments the y

, ,

we re. O ne sm all piece which came from the trea

,

s ures o f the Q ueen o f O ude and was an ancient relic , ,

was shown to a M a ori chief then in Lon d on wh o ,

said that in N e w Zealand it wo uld be o f great value .

It may be urged that the Maoris h ave sho wn little o f

that colonizing spirit o f that fire o f mind and body
, ,
’
which has caused the Aryan race to be the world s
'

hi s tory m akers f o r the la s t four thousand years ; that

-

he has n o t advanced in art o r science ; that he ha s

n o great tem p les or trophies o f a r t to show as proof

o f des cent But as I r e ad history the Aryan race

.
, ,

has neve r given birth to m agnificent dis coverie s o r

t r iumphs o f art and literature s ave when leavened by
a spirit coming f r om without E gypt the civiliza .
,

tion o f B aby lon and other n ations brought light to ,

A lt on L o ck e (O
. K ing s l ey ) .
 TI ME er M I G R A T I ON , E T C .
91

the near e s t Ary ans — those o f Greece ; then after ,

centuries through the Greek colonies in Italy R ome

, ,

wo k e to power and s ent o ut her mi s sionaries brave

, ,

road m akers steady rulers

-
,
But when the s e were .

might y nations Celtic E ngland Gaulish France and

, , ,

the Gothic tribes were s av a ge a s the M aoris were a

few yea r s back with ruder cust oms m o r e c ru el laws
, , ,

fiendish religion When Britain and the West woke

.

to the light when com me r ce and education were giving

,

u s a ll that the world can give o f prosperit y the elder ,

daughte rs o f Arya had gone back into the dark and ,

’
men s eves could only wistfully look for
Th e gl ory th a t was G re e c e ,

Th e g ran d e ur t h a t wa s R o me .

So the turn o f each come s when a leaven f r o m

.

without s tirs the Ary a n blood B y so me arrest o f .

development the Ind e Polynesians have n o t waked to- .

life y et
—
.

It is not quite certain that the y have always been

in the condition in which the vo yagers o f the last
century found the m Few people know o f the trea
.

sures which aw a it the archaeologist in the islands of

the S outh S eas m onuments worthy o f notice as the
—

hie r oglyph s o f E gypt and Central A meric a perha ps ,

containing trea s ure s as valu able in the eyes o f s cience

as those lately found at H issarlik and Mycen ae As .

it might intere s t the r eader t o notice s ome o f these ,

I subj oin o ne o r t wo extracts Wallace describes the .

crowding p alaces and endless r uins o f Java at much

length but I will confine my self to less known
,

wr ite rs .

O n Aneit yum (New H ebrides ) the r e is a la r ge

s ys tem o f irrigation but o f an ancient date : lon g
,
92 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

c a n als cut as scientific ally a s if levels and inclines

h ad been laid d o w n by the surveyor with the aid o f
his theodolite If you a s k the natives wh o made
.

these old canals for irrigation they tell you they do ,

not kno w ; they s uppose they w ere made by the

n at m a s e s
—
tha t is by the gods or in othe r w ords the
, , , ,

spirits of their for ef a thers which of course m eans

, , ,

their forefathers The word atmas used

“ ”
here is pure S anscrit for spirit being a
nominal prefix) an d the s ame idea concerning the
,

vast ruins in Java is held by the Javanese .

B ooks concerning the S ocie t y Islands are s o n ume

rous that I will a s k the reader to turn for himself to
the d escription of the enor mous pyramids there to be
found an d w ill p a s s on to o n e oth er pl a ce
,
.

There a r e neverthele s s s ome peculiarities in

, ,
,

the character of the S tron g Island e rs which render

them capable of c ivilization in a higher degree than
m o s t Polynesi a ns T hey are a people wh o have de
.

generated from what must h ave been in some respects

a much m ore prosperous and enlightened state than
that in which we n o w find them A great par t of .

their l and is covered w ith ruins of the m ost massive

description built upon a general pl a n such as Could
, .
,

only have been conceived b y me n o f power and in telli

' '

gence acquainted with mechanical appli a nces fo r

,

r aising enor mous w eights and tran s porting huge

blocks of stone considerable d ista nces both by land
and water .These work s which strike even civ ilized
,

men w ith a s tonishment could only have been effected

,

by the labour o f thous ands o f me n working in conce rt

and under co mm and an d they prove fro m their
, ,

An e ityume se Dic .
( Mr
. In gli s) .
94 TH E A RY A N MA OR I .

“ ”
In a work al r eady quoted ( Alton Locke )t he d e
s cription o f the Ary an mig r ation notice s the herd s o f
cattle guar ded b y huge lo p cared mastiffs heav y ,
-
,

h o r ned sheep and silky goats which attended t he

, ,

first movement It may be asked why did the

.
,

M a ori s call their clothes kakahu ( cow o r leathe r)

when the y had wool and knew how to mak e it in to
,

cloth the word ng ahuru signifying the wool shea r

,
-

”
ing and the ( S k )v e t o weave represented by s everal
,
.
, ,

M aori words ( see Fir s t P a rt ) I have already quoted .

a uthority to show that the Aryans called their clothes

”
cow s although they too had the knowledge o f the
, , ,

s heep and how t o weave it s wool

,
The y we r e n o t .

alwa y s in the same stage o f development but they

used the o ld graft word showing that once the y had
-
,

been clothed in le athe r : ju s t a s the M aoris called

their m at s k ahu kiwi (c ow kiwi o r leathe r kiwi ) o r
- - -

kahu toroa ( c ow albat r oss ) though the y n o longe r had

- -
,

le ather but we re r obe s o f flax and the fea the r s ( hu ru

,

wool) o f the a p ter y x and albatro ss .

The Old M aori dogs neve r more t o be s e en by ,

mortal eyes (the y have all perished but their hides ,

are o n the war cloaks ) were the tru e uncro s sed

-
,

d es cend a nt s o f the Old cattle dog s which gu a rded the -

herds o f Ary a o n the Asiatic plain s P eace t o their .

bones ! T he y had a lo n g and noble p edig r e e .

There is a s mall clum p o f t r ee s growing in

Mokau H ar bour o n the We s t Coast of the N o rth
,

I sl and which a r e t r adition all y s upposed to have

,

s pru ng from the skids o r r oller s carried by o ne ; o f

the firs t canoes ( Tainui) which brought the Maoris fit o
N ew Zeal a nd It is unlike an y other sh rub in the
.

w hole C ountry and has ( s o f ar a s we yet know) n o

,

representative in the islands to the ea s tward the ,

 TI M E OF M I G RA T I ON ,
ET C .
95

plant botanically neare s t t o it be ing an Au s tralian

prod uction the Maoris p r obably touching at some
point o n the Australian coa s t a s they sailed do wn
fro m N ew C aledonia It s habitat i s exceedingly
.

circ umscribed : it ha s n o t in the cours e o f centuries

spread over many s quare y a r d s H e r e I ma y .

mention a n extraordinary fac t bearing o n the s ubject

o f a limited area being the re s ting place fo r ages o f a -

particular species The H o n Mr G ladstone noticed

. . .

in the m a rke t at V enice a fi s h which he recognized a s

onl y being found o n the S cottish coasts and in the
northe r n E u r ope an seas O n making inquiries , he
.

fo und that the fish wa s an inhabitant of the northern

corne r o f the Adriatic nea r V enice and o f no other
, ,

part o f the grea t Mediterra n ean Sea H e then .

remembe r ed ho w H omer and the earlie s t Greek

w r iters related traditions which s poke o f the count ry
t o the no r th o f Italy a s the great ocean N orthern .

E u r ope had n ot then perhap s experienced the geologi

, ,

cal upheaval which r aised it from the s e a ; and thi s

fish was the sole living link with those fa r O E day s -

when there was a pa s s age between the Adriatic and

the N orth S e a . If a being possessed o f powers of
locomotion could rem ain through s o many centurie s
“
within a narrow habitat it is ea s y to s ee that a
,

vegetable production may be also limited exceedingly

in its area o f distribution .

T he m anne r in which the Maori s hav e kept their

word s allows referenc e showin g s ingularly close
approximation o f sound to thos e of the T eutonic
b r anch of A rya Word s r e s embling E nglish have
.

been long noticed but were supposed to be mere

,

chance association o f s ound o r else words caught from ,

t h e E uropean s. S uch Anglo Mao r i words a s p ara oa -

,

flour ; honi hone y ka ra hi gla s s ar e ea s il y recognizable

, , ,
96 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

by the practised ear : I allude only to the vocabulary

used prior t o our immigration A few examples wil l .

s uffice .

E ngli h s .

p a e t o w ard o ff
r ,
p arry t o ward off .
, .

t pu a p air
o , d e uble . .

t a i th e s a
,
e tid . e .

p a p a f a th er
a, p a p a f a th .
, er .

n igh t b la kn e s s b o g e y t h d e m n f d a kn e s s
'

c
p
—
o, ,
.
, e o o r .

t e t e (w ith wh ak a ) t o m ilk , .

nape t we a v e
,
o n ap ( of c l o th ) . .

wa i u m ilk , wh e y. .

n g u t bit e
a , o g n a w t o bit e .
, .

p a t a t d ro p ( a s wa t er)
,
o p a tt er t d o p ( a s wa t e r)
‘

.
, o r .

ik a t h e fi sh
, h a k e ( G )i th y s (L a t )(p )i s c is
. r . c ,
. .

ku i a d og
r , o ur a d og
.
, .

t a i t wa it
r ,
o ta y . rr .

mi i t o rub g rin d
r , m ill , . .

k o ti t o c ut
, c ut . .

p u re t o re mo v e t a p u
, p u e a n d p u if y . r r .

k t e a b as k e t
e , kit ( G r )ki st e . . .
 A N E S O TE R I C L A N G U AG E .
97

C H A P TER V I .

AN E SOTER I C LAN GU AGE .

MY attention was firs t ttracted to this subj ect by

a

seeing a copy o f the Treat y o f Wait angi lying Open

'

upon the t able just as I had finished reading a

des cription o f the re markable a ncient pictures dis
covered in a cave o f the Wek a Pa ss I have seen .
-

many sign atures both of M a oris and E urope ans re

, ,
“ ”
presented by his mark b u t they we r e m ostly the
,
‘

poo r and shaky atte mpts of fingers un t rain ed to guide

the pe n .This w as not the case with m any o f the
“
W aitangi signatures They w ere the tohu ( marks )
.

of chiefs who each m ade a fe a rle s s sign full of ,

”
individuality O ne signed with the zigzag
.
( the
“
lightnin g fl a sh of sy mbolism ) o n e w ith a spiral
-
, ,

o n e with a circle pierced by a stroke like an a rro w ,

in a t arget .It has been s a id th a t the chiefs i mit a ted

their t a ttoo marks : if so some of them had t a ttoos
-
,

o f a ver y re m a rkable ch a r a cter a n d such as I neve r

,

s aw represented O n inquiry I found that m e n wh o

.

h ad been in N e w Ze al a nd m any ye a rs before I c am e

.

held the same ide a ; an d th a t such esoteric commu

n ic at io n was frequent am ong the f a irer Polynesi ans .

D r D ie ff enb a ch
. writes : I was present at o n e o f
the lessons An Old priest wa s sitting under a tree
.
,

a n d at his feet was a b o his relative who listene d

y , ,

a ttentively to the repetition of cert a in words w hich

see med to have no me a ning but which it must h av e ,

re quir ed a good memor y to retain in thei r due orde r ;

7
9 8 T H E A RY A N MA OR I .

’ ’
At the Old tohunga s side was part o f a man s s kull
filled with water Into this from time to time he
.

d ipped a green branch w hich he moved over the ,

’
boy s head .At my appro a ch the Old man smiled as ,
’
if to s ay ,
S ee h o w clever I am and contin ued his ,

a bra ca d a bra I h a ve been assured by the mission

.

aries th at m any of these prayers have no meaning ;

but this I a m gre atl y inclined to doubt T he words .

o f the prayers are perhaps the remains of a langu a e g

n e w forgotten ; or wh a t is more prob able w e find

, ,

here what has existed amongst most of the n a tions of

a ntiquit y even t he m ost civilized
,
v ia th a t religious -
,

mysteries were confined to a cert a in cl a ss o f men who ,

kept the m conce aled fro m the p rof a na m vulg us o r ,

com municated only such p ortions of the m as they

”
thought fit .

We have already noticed tha t the S trong Islanders

h ad s u ch a hidden language a n d that their chiefs held ,
“ ”
lodges in subterr ane a n ap artmen ts In To nga .

the king is a spiritual chief and a s a cred l angu a ge ,

h as to be used in addressing him The priests o f .

Jav a h ad an esoteric language called the K awi only ,

understood by priests .

But it is in the S ociety Isl ands th at we find

s trongest evidence concerning a secret society tha t ,

of the Areoi ( Is this from a r noble Arya

.
, ,

Though they formed a single confr aternity through

o u t all the S ociety gro u p each isl and furnished its ,

o wn members S ome writers have likene d the s ociety

.

to that of Freem asonry It is n o t imp ro

.

bable however that on its first f o undat ion the Areoi

, ,
.

s ociety possessed somethi n g o f a religious n a ture .

When Are o is who ha d been converted to C hristi anity

managed to sh ake o ff the dread with which the y con
1 00 ‘
TH E A R Y A N MA OR I .

to them R ocks com e up to me an d be my c o m

, ,

panions But the ro ck s replied W e a re rooted in

.
,
‘

the earth 0 Ta ro a and may not leave it

,
Com e
, .

’
thou do wn to us .

Then T a roa descended and cast O ff his shell ,

which im medi a tely added itself t o the ground and ,

the earth w a s incre a sed to its p resent di mensions ,

while the s un and m oon shone above Long did .

T aroa live on the earth which he peopled with men ,

and wo men ; and at last the time cam e when he “

should depart from it H e transfor med hi mself in to.

a large c a noe which was fi lled with islanders when

, ,

a great storm arose and suddenly the canoe was ,

filled with blood The isl anders w ith their cal a bashes
.

baled o ut the blood which ra n to the e ast an d t he

,

west of the sea ; and ever afterwards the blood of

‘

Taro a is seen in the clouds which acco mp any the

rising and s etting sun and as o f old tinges the , , ,

waves with red .

When the canoe came to land it was but the

skeleton o f Taroa which was laid on the ground with
,

it s f ace downw ards ; and from that ti me all the hou s es

o f the gods h a ve been built on the m odel of T a r e a s
’

skeleton the thatched roofs repres enting the b a ck

,

bone and the posts the

,

T his legend is but a corruption o f the old H indu

myth o f the Creation by Brahma The S at ap ath a .

Brah m ana recites that t he Gre a t S oul made the

w aters and placed therei n a seed This became a .

golden egg from which h e hi mself as B ra h ma was

, , ,
“ ”
born . The earth then was only a span long .

3“
Na t . Hist . of Ma n ( W oo d ) p , . 4 25 .
 AN E S O TER I C LA N G UAG E .
’

IO I
_

The blood in the canoe was a re miniscence o f the

bright red colour with which Brahma was always
-

r epresented Thu s we see that knowledge o f the

.

H indu t r aditions was a s sociated with s ome of the

P olyne s ian folk lore That the M a oris had also s ome
-
.

me mori e s o f India it is impos s ible to doubt when

looking at the rock paintings of the Weka Pass -
.

The pictu r e i s a rude but vivid rep r esentation of the

first Avat a r of V ishnu and known a s Matsya the , ,

Fish T he god became incarnate in order to s ave

Manu (ou r Polynesian Maui) from destruction by the
Deluge . A s mall fish came into the h a nds of Manu ,

a n d besought his protection H e carefully guarded .

it and it grew rapidly until nothin g but the oce an

,

could contain it Manu then recognized its divinit y

.
,

and worshipped the deity V ishnu thus incar nate ,

.

T he god apprised Manu o f the a p pro a ching catacl y s m ,

a n d bade h im prepare for it When it ca me Manu .

embarked in a ship with the R ishis and with the

,

seeds o f all existing things V ishnu then a pp eare d .

as the fish with a mos t stupendous horn

,
The ship .

w as bound to this horn with the gre a t serpent as with

a rO p e and was secured to this horn until the waters
,
’
had subsided .

Thus the Asiat1 c story T here In the Weka . .

pai ntings are the ark the land and sea creatures a n d
, ,

the fish with the gre at horns d raw n as the early ,

Aryans would draw with bulls horns ,

The s maller ’
.

drawing only repre sents a hull looked at from above

”
dr awn in p l an The great fish is Te Ika a M aui
.
“

- - -
,

New Zeal and s Maorif name Man u was like Maui

’
. _ .
, ,

the first man

.

H e was the younge s t of seven

. .

brothers (mere shad ows ) as wa s Maui The N ew

.
f
. .

“ in du
”
l H C l as . D ic .
1 02 T H E A RYA N MAO R I .
’

Zealand Maul is c alled Maui P o tik i (Baby Maui ) and ,

H indu m othe rs c all their b a bies potra as E nglish

!

,
“ “
mothers c all theirs pet and poppet ( French , ,

petit) fro m the s ame ancient word root p et

,
-
,
.

A nother evidence of the p r esence o f relics Of H in

dust an in N ew Zeal a nd is that o f the T amil bell .

Part of an ancien t b ell was found in the N orth be a r

'

in g an old inscriptio n a copy o f w hich inscription w as

,

in Indi a pronounced to be in the ancient Ta mil the ,

“
language o f Ceylon It read as .Mohammed B u k s ,
’ ”
ship s bell This w ould seem to argue the presence
.

o f those indefatigable priests o f Buddha who p u sh ed ,

their way into every corne r o f the eastern world ,

reaching even the dwelle r s in the American cities .

H o w eve r the que s tion may be solved as t o v isitors

from Indi a at a l a ter date it is almo s t certain that ,

the Maoris gener ally never a ccepted their f aith o r ,

disturbed their general teno r o f life by an adhesion

t o the l a te r forms o f worship When the y left the y .
,
“ ”
knew of few deities T he Aryan . D yaus had
grown to the Gre ek Zeu s the Celtic J u the L atin —
, ,

J u piter the Teutonic Tiu the Maori Tu Besides

-
, , .

these the Maori recognized Agni ( or Ahi ) the sacred

, ,

fir e ; V aruna ( T a ngaroa) the god o f the waters ; and

,

Vay u the wind T hese tempered by dread and

.
,

g r owing reverence fo r the S nake o f E vil were hi s ,

ch ief heavenly beings The H indu deities Brahma

.
,

and V ishnu S iva Indra S oma and others gre w up

, , , , ,

( I believe) afte r his departure and any r eference to ,

them has been brought by late r visitor s .

We can onl y find o u t the real fact s by collecting

carefully an d examining diligently t he s e fragments o f
Old songs incantations
,
which are the relics Of
,
1 04 T H E A RYA N MA OR I .
’

CON C L U S IO N .

I H AV E hasted to make my di s cover y known that I ,

might get helpers in the work U ntil some o n e h as .

found the path the efforts o f the m an y will be fut ile ;

,

but once found it b eco mes a highway f or the feet

, ,

o f men .

T his book contains doubtles s some slight e rr o rs

, ,

in detail ; y et I feel proud t o h ave written it ; Not

yet ha v e I seen o n e sh a do w of disproof a s I went o n ;
every step has co nfirmed and strengthened the o ne
precedin g until I feel so assured o f the truth o f my
,
“ ”
view of the origin o f the M aori race that if n ot ,

o n e m an in N ew Zealand agreed with me I could ,

w a it w ith calm confidence for the verdict o f the E ur o

pean schol a rs I h ave been the first to a pply the
.

s cientific method t o the Maori langu a ge and to p r ov e ,

the fellowship o f the Polynesian with the races o f

E urope S ome have guesse d an d asse rted ( with out
.

any convincing proof) that the Maoris came from

India ( S ee Appendix) others that the y came from
,

Africa o th e rs that they c a me from America o r the

,

S outh S e a Islands T he man who has read this

.

book if n o t o s s ifi e d by prejudice is a m an convinced

, , ,

and a future fellow laboure r -

.

The mind grows weary a s it tries to fl y acro s s a

field of ti me s o vast as that which separates us from
the parting o f the A ry an race at the G r eat Mig r ation .
 C ON C L U S I ON . 1 05

T he s to ry o f o u r British st ruggles along the pathway

t o libe r ty o ur strife with N or ma n D a ne and Pict are
, , , ,

but things o f yesterd ay When Alexander the Great

.
,

o f M a cedon was pushing his way towards the east

, ,

centuries before the Christian era S anscrit was first ,

being written in its ch ar acter behind his occupation

o f Greece stretch the glorious days of the a ncestors of

thos e wh o t alked with Pl ato in the groves o f Acade me ,

back to the mighty princes of the Troj an w ar and

heroes whose na mes are he ar with antiquity But .

be hind these a g ain are the centuries o f myth o f ,

.

Perseus and Andromed a o f T heseus an d the Minotaur

, ,

till at last under an historic a l d a rkness which no eye

, ,

can pierce are t he days when the fierc e Aryans were

, ,

fighting their way through forest through river a nd , ,

through t h e strong aboriginal tri bes into the eternal ,

s tronghold o f the Pel a sgi c r a ces S O t o o p a s s ed

.
, ,

towards t he south o u r Indi a n and M a ori Ary a ns ,

dri ving b a ck the aborigines a lways finding fresh an d

,

varied scene s o f a ction O n a n e w element they

.

were the s ame br ave hearts as o n the wide Asi atic

pl a ins Left behind was the ple a s ant land of cattle and
.

the lo wing herds N o freebooting H un s o r V andals

.
,

m ad for pl un der and the s a ck o f towns were they but , ,

colonist s seeking new homes bene a th str ange st a rs

“

We of E urope have set out o n the s a me quest En .

circling Af rica the two vast horns o f the Gre at

,

Migr ation have touched a gai n ; and m en whose fathers

w ere brothe rs o n the other side o f t h e s e gulfs of
dist a nce an d of time meet e a ch other when the ,

Ary an o f the West g r eets the Ar y an of the E astern

S e as “
1 06 TH E A R Y A N M A OR I .

APPENDI! .

MR T H O M S ON in his article o n
.
,
B arata Word s
( Tr ansactions ) expressed his Opinion th at the Maoris
,

came from India he havi n g found an alogies between

,

M aori words and so me Of thos e in the Central and

S outhern Indi an dialects U nfortunately he threw
.
,

investig a tors off the track (myself for a lo n g time ,

and doubtless others )b y the following p ass a ge

, ,

In m y researches I have had t o scrutinize the

S anscrit terms several o f the Asiat ic and African
,

Ar abic dialects B a sk Finnic M a gyar Turkish

, , , , ,

Circ a ssian Georgian

,
Mongolian ,
Mun t shu and ,

J apanese la n guages without fi nd ing a na log ies

,
.

It w ould take a clever philologist, and on e deeply

s k illed in the m ost pri mit ive word roots to find any -
,

an alogies between Maori and B asque M a gyar T urkish , , ,

& c ; but the m a ny S anscrit words quoted in this

.

book show how clos e the affinity is with Maori There .

are plenty of kindred form s in H industani ; but the

language o f S outhern Indi a h as only its mixture o f

decayed S anscrit with D ravirian and other corruptions
from which to c ull any analogie s with Maori T he .

”
M a oris did n o t come f r om India they c ame throug h ,

India .

I may mention here that M ax M uller s peaking ,

of ar and rik being interchangeable as o ld r oots for