OBJECTIVE

Preparation of 1 Litre of 0.1M Hydrochloric Acid using Concentrated Stock

Solution (37%, w/w) (both side)
REQUIREMENTS (both side)
Reagents and solutions
37% (w/w) hydrochloric acid stock solution
Distilled/deionized water
Equipment
Measuring cylinder
Measuring flask (1 litre)
stirrer
procedure:
Step 1: Calculate the molarity of 37% (w/w) concentrated hydrochloric
acid solution (pencil side)
Formula:
Volume = Weight/Density
The volume of 100 g of Hydrochloric acid : 100/1.2 = 83.33 ml
Note: 37% (w/w) Hydrochloric acid means that 100 g of Hydrochloric acid
contains 37 g of HCl.
The volume of 100 g of Hydrochloric acid is 83.33 ml which means 37 g of HCl
is present in 83.33 ml of Hydrochloric acid.
Step 2: Calculate how many grams of HCl is present in 1000 ml of
Hydrochloric acid.
83.33 ml of Hydrochloric acid contains = 37 grams of HCl
1 ml of Hydrochloric acid will contain = 3783.33 grams of HCl
1000 ml of Hydrochloric acid will contain = 37 x 100083.33 grams of HCl =
444.01776 grams of HCl
1000 ml of Hydrochloric acid will contain 444.01776 grams of HCl.
Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 444.01776 grams of HCl.
36.46 g of HCl is equal to 1 mole.
1 g of HCl will be equal to 136.46 moles.
444.01776 grams of Hydrogen chloride will be equal to = 444.01776 x 136.46 =
12.178 moles

Therefore, we can say that 1 liter of Hydrochloric acid contains 12.178 moles of
HCl or in other words molarity of 37% (w/w) Hydrochloric acid is equal to
12.178 M.
Step 2: Calculate how much stock solution is required to prepare 1L of 1M
hydrochloric acid solution using the dilution method.
Dilution method is described in detail in the post “Preparing Working Solution
from Stock Solution by Dilution”.
Use the following formula to calculate the volume of concentrated solution
required for the preparation of 1 liter of 1M solution of hydrochloric acid
solution
Formula: Cf x Vf = CS x VS
Cf (concentration of diluted (final) solution) = 1M
Vf (volume of diluted (final) solution) = 1 liter
CS (concentration of stock solution) = 12.178 M
VS (volume of stock solution) = ? (unknown)
Place all values in the formula:
1 x 1 = 12.178 x VS
VS = 1x 1/ 12.178 = 0.082 liter (82 ml)
So you need 0.082 liter of 37% (w/w) concentrated hydrochloric acid solution
to prepare a 1 liter of 1M hydrochloric acid solution.
Step 3: Calculate the volume of solvent to be taken.
Final volume of diluted solution = 1 Liter
Volume of concentrated solution = 0.082 liter (82 ml)
Volume of solvent (water) required = 1 – 0.082 = 0.918 liter (918 ml)

So you need to mix 0.082 liter (i.e., 82 ml) of concentrated solution to 0.918
liter (918 ml) water to prepare 1 liter of 1M hydrochloric acid solution.
PART II: Solution preparation (pen side)
Step 4: Transfer 918 ml water in a beaker/volumetric flask/measuring
cylinder. Add 82 ml of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid stock solution
and mix it to prepare a homogeneous solution.
Note: In case you have not calculated the amount of water to be added, just take
≈ 500 ml water in a volumetric flask/measuring cylinder (capacity 1L) and add
82 ml of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid stock solution. Now adjust the
final volume to 1 liter with water. Mix it.