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    Theory of Automata

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    AAKASH KUMAR
    Automata

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    Theory of Automata

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    AAKASH KUMAR
    26 views38 pages
    Automata

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    Automata

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf
    26 views38 pages

    Theory of Automata

    Uploaded by

    AAKASH KUMAR
    Automata

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Sgobd > Surbale ace tHe bade bulla bcks, lich can be o hare en Holen , Gua heg OE ere), Cm Enis, we Called them, as Jeers j E> Ob Y ALPHABET & An Glphebet ts a Jitte ron emply Set Sanh.) (evey anguge has the ton adpabet Kine: tate, ine “uge 4ynbel fei depleting alphabet S27 F0it} Low English 2= {abicy....2] (a Eagle also alphaket 1 a\ ded a} Setters, thought fa, gene wad Wwe Called then au abhabet, _e 22 (lae}x,r) Y STRING r— fe le a Sequence 4 Symbols (toy menkes op inde). ty A= (apy Sei i (m Enalish oe dalled hein, words.) Bo ba, B ab Gab ch dae He “4ahb,, aa 0, Se en, LANGUAGE :— A language “te AVY ined ay a get Leung 9 t Us tered lerquuge (Set 4 werdg (predey Spt Ate! angded trom words WS Sertenc # Im the met Level we Consdey Comlanu che ) tokens Whe ft, fy ee F {44,bb ab, ba} Pigs. ned) and geenmey’) tue ie feegeams a sting and py tits as leters/ Sonos. a — ae, eet S Ie OPERATIONS ON STRINGS Aa, before we proceed further lets dy a Ite shich will help us huoughout she Subpect A Aerg ih YA Bling TS dedtecd as. umber “=Pemled Itke IMI 129 length rome Usovk, on stein Symbo! fn the tring “Shing Oooo] = ! laaba) = 4 3 - ‘Jory = 3 * Conedtenalion of Seg hep me andy be how shits then Gneatewation 13 delined as the sig ened by wags Copy SY SHty P follawed by a Go ¢ Y Sh? Y. Nete+ lommtcte) Pod Shy. (Notes Gee vst Fae Weab , x= ba = Wee abba 7 Xwe baab * = te WS WW, Wyo Wan WR = W Wa Wa Nay 2 RoR, a Iwale Jw1+ly) & Reterse o} a Sivhyg i Yee ba Shiy Ww Hs waite 4 Qa Stig a denated by Ww" Fe-jush she sene Sg hg cate, In deverse ovder, WE WAL Wye Wy c ws Wr Way 7 WAM \NI = \wat ' oo OPP KET TT TET CTT eT re ~ + Ep [hub Sting in shin with Zero occurrence. 4 Symbol. -) fs densteg by &, lélzo, 4 there ‘%s a sting W, then W? ND Stands for the Shaigs cblatne by %ePRAting Ww. me, ys \C\se i. | : - | S Whe win We = wit ~ Wl=W wee » We =CW=W BY ee 2 | Subsiig: Aw Shi A Gnsceate ; 1a he Sambal dion He alphabed 4) > & a “ fae pl {8by44, bea) heh of the folowtng Shings my fi Pw © Abagbagabag, © @oaabaaaa ~ W baaeaabaa Q- “Whe -nvtey | Sebstitags He bth be dormed i string given by ‘Oded balmnnp? fq : dopar 5, Bs al = 55+ 26g re ee Qe Hew mag Ot shying ocngths ten etther start uth g 41 bu or end watt Ame bids 00 9 ane fey bOl '~----+-5. = SRe ny poate ph eb sas by gal 768 i aot = — 128 a a 00 I2q Bar Q Suppose Liz {19,1} tnd Lef ony. How mn ai élegenty Qe thewe im Ch = byt, ; -- : Lreon, seirtem vy = 3 demad Ae f a a eed 6 alphabat — 4 2” 4s an alpha dan express get of all sti certain length from ahd adphabet by ust exponent fa), votatten. J+ 1s wat denoted by AB BY the Set stediy | A lenedh ote, Example; — A= {o,1} has 2 Sy be ls Gs ahs {ony Gate) ke! Gi) Bhs, foo, oto, m} (2, 2724) kee (iii) 2? = fev, eol,o18, o1)) 10,197, 146, nf (2 we Wes ge det of seins over an ophabet 2 2% eu clensted by a = Kleen dloauve, pr ind ince. Ay y = toa} ~ (6 ,%00,1, 1G Mees *s al Kleen elogured (. # =a*ug' use J with & Slmbe| + The 4 A 4s an Aphebet and Lox they L's Langue > _Enangle - The Zeek! of! Lega) English Urwrds the seh of Jegah 4 rograms ‘ The Set gy sing Consisting ion ds feseg by is. {é, 51, con, Sool... # Opertin tn nfuages -— © Geplenentatinn: Lt 1b be « lapage ser on alt Z Ke Conglevstctn of 1, Aerated by TE, ree BY Mion = bet bi tre ansegye Ber an phabit i by UL bs» mw 16 oh oF L. — as wv Ss SsehRUChUCUMUCUCrChCUPR CULM CUS ® WWersea Wh tee et Jet ls be Jonge over alphabet 4 The Suter seztfon Y LAL dented by Loh ts fale t I haeayy & On citenatten :- — bet Lal, be Daegu. Over an alphabet 2 Te Conedtenatian of LA Ly densted Ayr, fe fas, 4 uy is incl oy hod \) Reveal} o Bo i— Let L be a Sangueae aver on Alphabet Reveal ty det by ue me fT Li ts {wt 'fy is ty \y MA) keene WY) keenes. absuie -— let L be a language: over an dhebet 2. The Klene’s losue. 4 Dy secty by “ 3 Ew%S [RL dy oe hse aye] eee ay Werotn E te (y: C. LE, &8eyaag. Dp WH) psattie chit, tet Lb be a slong age Mer bn Olphat The lp Sune Ly dente by eS LY Ne {»/ een Aner us ae an, My So Poe Meu! (aes % Ge ty LY 88) Oe, doug. 2 aeoenrprer7R7 FF CPt iMate eee eC eCeCeaeeae Fite He Aatowitta Uf (fA) : Fisthe sora ts. on | abateact Guat sete ll al mat ieal “Fnedel a Sal: Sy skein wih lfserzte Fapaks , a 2a ond et of ee fiom state te state Pct eve Wet sams drm Uphebel 4. 4M A Betresen bel fang Ma * Grate — “Transom, > Paton ov “Trinat ton abs) 4 Tabular — CTranetiien —tabie) 7 Mathematical — CTranetttan diction or Mapping duration) © Brel Seefetin Pe Ale — A jie Thewmata fs ¢ Sa-buple hey Me MC Qst,4, ty 8) Where @: ts O fiite Set Caled oy, ladle Is 4 fftte Set cabled He alphalet + te ! 3 Qia «> the —heanstifen, furition eile stay, ela bhakti i riod q3 he set al Ac eePlecl Sclates alee: calleo) o Hom Prag veins (“Transition gregh) % te « Ahaetea Gih Assvefated itty the Verte, ‘Ete Geek Lomy Grespends —1y she state Of Hate aaa ee ree ey hart Fined is or Vetted shade osc Side {0.15 ane tapas : 47 ital sdute 4 ~ Terme tate Slee 4 - ginal stede —_ Trent ton toby 54 ts basPeably tabu ay “*epresemtetion “4 ~the hen dden dustin Hat Thebes ev pect (4 Stele and a Bri) Vd aetern O Value (thes Ae xt she!) HK Rew Gorespends te tates, 3 A Glamn Coresponels —f-y Input Symbele, A Enbvfes Grespena, —fo mext State, A They hha hil s marked Ui An ayes (—)« AThe. -tccast State axe marked with @ Star Cx) ep 6) QW, AQ oF feteea, (3. 4 14 Ae %, 4, — ad @| “Grated Retcealin e Spa Pen Con be Nepresented by atigeah Caled: slate Magram. ire Slate 85 epre sented ; 25 The: tre bee sisal’ {Dh Charitley Shotr the “brendtifon. Bo We falta state ts marked CoH & aero, Ae [fnel Stade ty dated BA. diol, Srele Nealiees 74 Nesettonce. egg Te Dewaze Ys inca by 4 y ry Sha wo is Ge ceptor. by the owiktee M. Sstha 4 Tt tk qeachs Fed othe final State F by fait Nhe Shh oo H-Net aeegleg y onst "eaclig the final hate be tep, [Def ee = oe aig be {3 { Siew epancls bs eng th 4 FI to Accept & qn ote ' } Pra + Qecegr Zero ov more w Frinpl:- 4 Dea 4p Let hPA bee Be {aoc} 410= 9} 2. fe} Faloy ~ Pesan “PFA Wh ge fo Tk che Uae 6. Al ok: A} Accepts Hose Shiy takich shart wii {1s! loog log ce L fin length ! oni ength = 2 | let, = Veh deat Van = Atlas 10° ~ eayitey O—'_©—2_@p> Se teep eeptes} Ae! 3« Des fn FA “th ae Lot} Gecapts’ Even ne. 4 ble 2 even re of L's. sal- Leif el, 116, Joo, ws QP a 6 4 epee ee eee eee et QR 4 gk vf Edd m 4 05 2 odd mag 4's Q-4. 5 chk | Even me 0%, suoda nog He Evi Gutteutt Den Accept Examle fey ell hrtag over (4,4 Enatag woh Sah ? be fay dab, bab,... J “dewey, me oY Ste = Der te * NEA (Xap AS = Ralecontisty, Ce : Aitewsata, a N2>r A —— 7 the” &%p Ove cabeg NFA, then there Qxist ma, de Steeitt, Voy dawg: the cnrvad- Stabe te the # 4 is Sasy thee Coistrast Nea \ than Dey er a j= reper “oye. St stot. Od VN Bed eatin a dhe Shales Stone 0 PPA, bub with Sib \ BF eRe 28] mite ty Fite Ae of shetes dete Soh of the Yp Abo = init state = dfnal Slate 4 = “TRensfiten fpnetion a & i F a Grape) Neysrttien o NEA — An NFA! Con be represented by a aths Called state Atagrems dn when: ATI Bay is tepreseitted by ver ces. 2 The ae Vabded with tn Wp thavaztenr hour the Heart Hens. TR lsat Stole 4s marked wth BH Aero cane ‘ ind Stale fs dersted by wthe toubte (Otel A NFA 4's aehved on hansitinn dueling Stine Wor Ye TPA bub Aifjeceat _brerile:- Consteuct Nea where b= (stort wih te! f a: fa.) | Le faa, ay, aba, abs j beh, f min boat | md Say 9 —O~4.69 ba Prot Posing NFA fom. honsttin —lble 0, ere Goshact {pq bef Examples ns tye NEA the accepts set of al Stings Oo fou fo engl 2. 4 = e . * fo, 15 bs {00,01 fo, 11} wiehaiae Fray a eanple fuct NFA that accepts Bet of al State over ae * die "Uk 4 Su. BE Be (oi i # ; ) [e,166, 19) lou, ..- 4 wm eect — 9 Fecsipte - Eh. _NFA A othe xa " houimaiiaiie oan (evacesteet L AS ELE) © oF Entire (2 Res & ® AB on Sec monty Me Can gee ‘a? Note — Eve "y state on & ees ty Feet ‘ iYeence —_bétsen DPR and_NFA IDFA i: = the shanstif en den @ State q Sind Pat rcudey met NFA 4 The tension from 4 stele | fan be to mullfpe mest Stakes 1 Ske te elk Th Suatol. Hee 8 each AYrbel Hence Ho us are eee Ts Caled Mon - eterm in stic e = Eph hie fy = "4 anstten, coe opt 2 NDFA Perris Empty Thy Seen fy PFA hensf Long : fe . _ eee rhea | 4 Subsat 4 E Neste mt Mea -h Dra Nea 3 Reguives,- Move Space, fh Shang ts Aecertey by @ obepy. 4) tb hand, ho Jnl State In the clestan 4 Com phe Se S$: Rhee 2e ae 804.9) = £443 S Reptyes dese Spice LA stehy Seceted by @ NDA Grice _of Ne —to DHA tb > aren a Hs aro —> Nea pe Greslash 8h ead var He transition lable Sf CPRA means “ectuchnd He umber 4 state, dom ee all: pais 4 Shes. So Now Spht the rand Hin halle ely rtwo tables ai ae TT, Comets aby dina Sede, Th Garten, ren-fial Shy, A- Find statar Vows fen Ta. Sch pat 3 (G,0) = iB ee S (as) =p ete, heh have Same Veleje + ab and vemove be 4 hen, B- Repedt Step 3 Unit we dink mo Sintler wows availabe fy =p Eo Repeat ys 2 dep fir table Ty alse F New Conbaine the edu ced “pint tables Ve. Nhe fined, Arondilfen fable Af mideiged Cen - oth vhs Dek Akep-1 ~ Remove. 44, G2. Tray reanst om —tobbe yn FA. 4 pA% Ts, Unveacheble Shades. ter he ect ol the thay Shey on | == 4 ey Se ey, +4, ay iS 4 4. 4 be Sees Gabe eh shes hat Sheba Sz Gt, eh alt dom. oh tak sho Phe lat OS een (W) Hee coher, abe tom Sal. ete Bf Gee ST © Os he Step- Mackt has mo stiller ous They wll be Sone A 2 hu ectotleg vom, 2s Ship te hen pli Fe by 4 4 , ° \ Ss 45 4s Slept. Goubine det t 2 Sebo, State oma Pte lal he Oe ts —hapes | fintle State machine, ~The Gererdte culpa, : () Mealy Machine 2” (2) Mane Machine ae Mall Machine +. A edly machine Is Qli'PsH | three pit Aepends nes he Present stale as welt ts the Pest Sad eae se ade] he 1 | #9r tan be essed by 6 —hapley (@2,0, Q- Qi a Wie set | astades 4-4 ts dntte Set Awd Chey fp alptebet O-0 ts ginte ech { Syrby Called 9% alphabet $i% %) Where _ s> $ is 4 ip Hans Son danc-tion where §: a4 et ® the Sp —hand.s,, duction thee ¥ Qxg 30 Wy bee hey hale Jom Bam: Atte table tf 0 Mealy Hebe — Example Cor uct Mealy Mh. —thab Predice ie Ge ss Binary fest ring. plemest- dty Ba- 2 4a (ony > 6lesi— hh j Jo bajock 6 lo tie _ % Yo Ln fp = 10} P ° \ 1) 6 Of =ol0 there omy “npact fs Pressed h ga) € ‘ ° 6 » “ - ramp iol ~ \p BHDL@ GD LD © 6 1 oO > ost. Ne Fete — Gu aly Mle thet pts a) hos, the Sequence ‘oY Sreoustened In om Ip bin Shy B= £247 th 40-4) Me Hh Oh AS Va vib 1, RM? f-\- ot a. toes 2° Rramngle — Gusteuat a Mealy | Mle nec’ langue ond o ) Gs ee Owe ae) _Eranpe: eed Moore He —to Grcte is Goplemest J gien be nay De Yap o- I - 1-0 4 S Stade ave «eqiberes ee fs Sbeet slele Aecond 4 fea os & pe Fire Leo hha 13 or “a 154 Gp Oo oA produce O 4a, > loll (tip => Oloo ) Example sp, © _ iacemiaery + City & moore me qr 4a Bia lp Aequence Buh ha Yt he a sua, V Aha sng 6) A. Y the Yo has Subst lio, op is B tHerwige P i 5, se tt pis & , pane © th, 6) les : de Wgmed toe teed fo theeh 3 Gnolttnn i Ce jen bl = Up is A ] 4 be, “Weeag mize . de tthe an No — “Ip ts 8 KT ka — 4 nt le e. Is Ajb) A Exam ple ae 1) Moone Mle ty, Vp Upha bet a = (4b 5 Aphebed 4's a \) Ru the elt put Se oe * i ae he fall sh ny 4 a le Gy aa bes iy hh i ea (hy) atbab OO Ds fo 1 6 1p Gtbab = 57 &| 09} - ao aante Sypabbb= a 0000 O o (HHP) ob ak = 0000} 6 “Piference bho Neale Machine An Moore Machine + Moore Machi Mealy Machine . : A Oetpat depends bath upon the’ # SHEL depends Only upan, he Wrest Steke and fiecort Tp Preset Pate A Generally HE has. fewer stg 4 Genévly has mere

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