MOHAMED

MAHMOUD
G12 B

DELL
Cytomegalovirus, known as CMV, is a virus with a name
rooted in Greek and Latin, emphasizing its unique ability
to cause cell enlargement. Its history involves the
collaborative efforts of scientists over several decades.
Dr. Thomas H. Weller, along with Dr. John F. Enders and
Dr. Frederick C. Robbins, received a Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in 1954 for their pioneering work
in virology, including the culture of viruses like CMV.
Their research laid the groundwork for CMV's
classification and recognition as a clinically significant
member of the herpesvirus family.
Symptoms of CMV Disease:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can manifest in various

ways depending on the individual's immune system
status and overall health. For many healthy individuals,
CMV infection may go unnoticed, as it often presents
with mild or asymptomatic symptoms. However, in
certain populations, particularly those with weakened
immune systems, CMV can lead to more severe and
concerning symptoms. Here are some common
symptoms associated with CMV disease:

Fever: Fever is a common initial symptom of CMV

infection, similar to many other viral illnesses.

Fatigue: Many individuals with CMV experience

significant fatigue or malaise.

Sore Throat: A sore throat, often accompanied by

swollen lymph nodes, can be an early symptom.
Muscle Aches: Muscle aches and joint pain are reported
in some cases.

Enlarged Organs: CMV can cause the enlargement of

organs, particularly the liver and spleen, leading to
abdominal discomfort.

Vision Problems: CMV can affect the eyes, leading to

symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, or even
retinitis, which is a serious eye condition.

Central Nervous System Involvement: In severe cases or

in individuals with compromised immune systems, CMV
can lead to neurological symptoms, including confusion,
seizures, and paralysis.

Congenital CMV: Infants born with congenital CMV

infection may exhibit symptoms such as jaundice,
enlarged liver and spleen, microcephaly, and
developmental delays.
Treatment of CMV Disease:

The treatment of CMV disease depends on the severity

of the infection, the patient's age and overall health, and
whether they have a functioning immune system. Here
are some key points regarding the treatment of CMV
disease:

Antiviral Medications: Antiviral drugs, such as ganciclovir,

valganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet, are often
prescribed to treat CMV infections. These medications
work by inhibiting the replication of the virus.

Intravenous (IV) Therapy: Severe CMV infections,

especially in immunocompromised individuals, may
require intravenous administration of antiviral drugs for
effective treatment.

Monitoring: Patients receiving treatment for CMV

disease are typically closely monitored for any potential
side effects of antiviral medications and for the
resolution of symptoms.
Supportive Care: For individuals with severe CMV
disease, supportive care may be necessary to manage
complications, such as organ dysfunction or neurological
symptoms.

Prevention: Preventing CMV infection is essential,

particularly in high-risk populations. This includes
practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with
bodily fluids of infected individuals, and taking
precautions during pregnancy to reduce the risk of
congenital CMV transmission.

Preventative Medications: Some immunocompromised

individuals may be prescribed antiviral medications as
prophylaxis to prevent CMV reactivation.

In conclusion, CMV disease can manifest with a range of

symptoms, from mild to severe, depending on the
individual's immune status. Treatment typically involves
antiviral medications, with the choice of drug and
duration of treatment determined by the severity of the
infection. Close medical monitoring and supportive care
may be necessary in severe cases. Preventative measures
and early intervention are crucial, especially in vulnerable
populations.