EDGAR DALE’S CONE

OF EXPERIENCE AND TPACK AS A

FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN
AND LEARNING
 OBJECTIVES:
1. Familiarize the concept of Dale’s Cone Of Experience;
2. analyze TPACK as a framework for technology-driven teaching
and learning; and
3. relate Dale’s Cone of Experience and TPACK as a framework for
technology-driven teaching and learning.
EDGAR DALE’S CONE
OF EXPERIENCE
 “The Cone is a visual analogy, and
like all analogies, it does not bear an
exact and detailed relationship to the
complex elements it represent”-
Edgar Dale
What is the cone of experience?

What are the sensory aids in the cone

of experience?

What are its implications in teaching?

DALE’S CONE OF EXPERIENCE
First introduced in Dale’s 1946 book, Audio-
Visual Methods in teaching.

Design to “show the progression of learning

experiences” from concrete to abstract
VERBAL SYMBOLS
Writen words- more abstract

spoken words-less abstract-

VISUAL SYMBOLS
No longer involves reproducing real
situations

Chalkboard and overhead projectors widely

used media

Help students see an idea, event, or

process
RECORDINGS, RADIO, AND STILL
PICTURES
Can often be understood by those who
cannot read.
helpful to students who cannot deal with the
motion or pace of a real event or television.
EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION AND MOTION
PICTURE
TELEVISION
Bring immediate interaction with events from around the world
Edit an event to create clearer understanding that if experienced
the actual event firsthand
MOTION PICTURE
Can omit unnecessary or unimportant material
Used to slow down a fast process
EXHIBITS
something seen by a spectator

ready-made
home-made
FIELD TRIPS
Watch people do things in real
situations.

Observe and an event that is

unavailable in the classroom.
DEMONSTRATION
Visualized explanation of an important
fact, idea, or process

Shows how certain things are done

DRAMATIC PARTICIPATION
Reconstructed experiences
Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most
important parts
Divided into two categories
Acting- actual participation (more concrete)
Observing- watching a dramatization takes place (more
abstract)
CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES
Models and mock-ups
“Editing of reality”
Necessary when real experience cannot
be used or are too complicated
DIRECT AND PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE
Direct, First Hand Experience
Have a Direct participation in the outcome
Use of all our senses
The cone of experience is a visual model, a
pictorial device that presents bands of
experience arranged according to degree of
abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The
farther you go from the bottom of the cone,
the more abstract the experience becomes.
People always think differently. Some may
think in concrete terms and some in abstract
terms. Concrete thinking refers to the thinking
on the surface whereas abstract thinking is
related to thinking depth.
SENSORY AIDS IN DALE’S CONE OF
EXPERIENCE
Different kinds of sensory aids often overlap and
sometimes blend into one another.

One kind of sensory experience is not necessarily

more educationally useful than another. Sensory
experiences are mixed and interrelated.
IMPLICATIONS IN TEACHING
Too much reliance on concrete experience may actually
obstruct the process of meaningful generalization.

The best will be striking a balance between concrete and

abstract, direct participation, and symbolic expression for
the learning that will continue throughout the life.
Do not use only one medium of
communication in isolation rather,
use many instructional materials to
help the learner conceptualize his/her
experience.
Avoid teaching directly at the symbolic
level of thought without adequate
foundation of the concrete. Learner’s
concept will lack deep roots in direct
experience.
When teaching, don’t get stuck in the
concrete. Strive to bring our students
to the symbolic or abstract level to
develop their higher prder thingkimg
skills.
 TPACK AS A FRAMEWORK FOR
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LEARNING AND
TEACHING
TPACK: Technological Pedagogical
Content Knowledge

Framework for effective technology

integration in education
COMPONENTS OF TPACK
Technological knowledge (TK)
Understanding of technology tools and their functions
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
Teaching strategies and methods
Content Knowledge (CK)
Subject matter expertise
TPACK (Intersection)
The sweet spot: where TK, PK, and CK intersect
TPACK IN ACTION
Teachers leverage TPACK to create
engaging and effective learning experiences

Integration of technology enhances content

delivery and student engagement
BENEFITS OF TPACK
Improved learning outcomes
Increased student engagement
Enhanced teaching practices
Adaptation to evolving technology
STEPS TO IMPLEMENT TPACK
1. Assess your current TK, PK, and CK.
2. Identify opportunities for integration.
3. Design technology-infused lessons.
4. Implement and evaluate
effectiveness.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Challenges: Limited resources,
resistance to change.

Solutions: Professional development,

collaboration, resource sharing
EXAMPLES OF TPACK INTEGRATION
Blended learning models

Flipped classrooms

Interactive simulations and apps

How are these concepts related?
TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge)
and Dale's Cone of Experience are related in the context of
education and instructional design, as they both provide
frameworks to guide educators in the integration of
technology and various teaching and learning strategies.
However, they are not directly connected but can be used
together to enhance instructional practices.
While TPACK focuses on the knowledge and skills teachers
need to integrate technology into instruction, Dale's Cone of
Experience is more about the types of learning experiences
students may have. Teachers can use both frameworks
together to design effective and engaging lessons. For
example, they can incorporate concrete, hands-on activities
(lower levels of the cone) and use technology strategically to
support those activities (aligning with TPACK principles).
In summary, TPACK and Dale's Cone of Experience can be
complementary in instructional design. TPACK guides
educators in how to integrate technology effectively into their
teaching, while Dale's Cone of Experience helps educators
consider the range of learning experiences available and
choose appropriate strategies to engage their students.
 QUIZ:
Given your knowledge on Cone of learning and
TPACK, how woud you use it in you teaching as a
future educator?
THANK YOU!