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    The document discusses strategies for adapting grape varieties to climate change, including using existing diversity within Vitis vinifera, hybrids and crossings between varieties, exploiting clonal diversity through sequencing, epigenetics and gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9. It notes that while challenges like diseases are increasing with climate change, only a small portion of the genetic diversity within and outside V. vinifera has been explored, and obscure wild grapes may provide sources of beneficial traits.

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    The document discusses strategies for adapting grape varieties to climate change, including using existing diversity within Vitis vinifera, hybrids and crossings between varieties, exploiting clonal diversity through sequencing, epigenetics and gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9. It notes that while challenges like diseases are increasing with climate change, only a small portion of the genetic diversity within and outside V. vinifera has been explored, and obscure wild grapes may provide sources of beneficial traits.

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    8 views19 pages

    Futurewise Jose Vouillamoz

    Uploaded by

    jtempradobernal
    The document discusses strategies for adapting grape varieties to climate change, including using existing diversity within Vitis vinifera, hybrids and crossings between varieties, exploiting clonal diversity through sequencing, epigenetics and gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9. It notes that while challenges like diseases are increasing with climate change, only a small portion of the genetic diversity within and outside V. vinifera has been explored, and obscure wild grapes may provide sources of beneficial traits.

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    of 19

    Alternative grape

    varieties
    in response to climate
    change

    Dr José Vouillamoz - Wine & Grapes Consulting - Switzerland


    @JoseGrapes - www.josevouillamoz.com
    Which Romanée-Conti in 2118 ?

    1
    11
    Which Romanée-Conti in 2118 ?

    DRINKING KILLS!

    118

    Grape variety : Hulk Red©


    Climate change - Maturity shift

    K. A. Nicholas (2015). Will we still enjoy Pinot Noir? Scientific American 312:60-67
    Grape varieties and climate change

    Beaune 2100

    Nebbiolo

    1
    11

    Dr Gregory V Jones, Southern Oregon University


    VITADAPT Project - Ranking of 52 varieties by date of veraison

    Parcelle 52
    (2009- )
    Piwi (pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten) – Monogenic resistance
    V. vinifera, V. riparia, V. labrusca, V. cinerea, V. aestivalis, V. lincecumii, V. rupestris
    PIWIs new generation (2000- ) – Polygenic resistance
    Polygenic resistant grapes

    Country Name Release


    Italy UD 31.125 2015
    UD 32.078
    UD 76.026
    UD 34.113
    France Artaban 2018
    Floreal
    Vidoc
    Voltis
    Czech Republic BV-29-11 2019?
    BV-29-15
    BV-29-19 Artaban
    France/Switzerla ? 2021
    nd
    1
    Germany ? ? 11
    Man-made cross-fertilization

    Hybrids and crossings = 4.4%


    Use of existing diversity - The rising stars
    (guesses or wishful thinking by J. Vouillamoz…)

    Zierfandler

    Teroldego Fekete Járdovány


    Tibouren Kisi
    Alfocheiro
    Svrdlovina
    Areni
    Graciano
    Nieddera
    Chidiriotiko Narince
    Climate change – use of clonal diversity

    Pinot
    800 clones
    Chasselas
    300 clones
    Nebbiolo
    98 clones
    Garnacha
    500 clones Sangiovese Areni
    113 clones 14 clones
    Xinomavro
    20 clones
    Clonal diversity – Sequencing
    98 Nebbiolo clones – 7 genetic biotypes

    Gambino et al. 2018. Whole-genome sequencing and SNV genotyping of ‘Nebbiolo’ (Vitis vinifera
    L.) clones. Scientific Reports 7: 17294
    Climate change – DNA modifications
    Mutations

    Epigenetics
    GMOs - Genetically Modified Organisms in Vitis

    Could solve mildews, leafroll virus, Pierce’s disease, draught, cold, etc.
    Country Varieties Aim Dates
    Italy Sultanina, Silcora Parthenocarpic 1999-2006
    Canada Cabernet Franc Cold tolerant ?
    France Roostok 41 B GFLV resistant 2005-2009
    Romania Russalka, Roostok 41B Viruses resistant 2003-2006
    Germany Dornfelder, Riesling, Seyval Fungal resistant 1999-2009
    Blanc (Interrupted)

    USA Chardonnay, Merlot, Niagara, Bacterial and fungal 2000-2010


    Concord, Sultanina resistant
    Rootstock Viruses resistant 2007-2008
    China Sultanina Fungal resistant ?
    South Africa Chardonnay, Sultanina Visual markers Pending
    Gene editing
    CRISPR-Cas 9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)
    Gene editing
    CRISPR-Cas 9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)

    (Mildew Locus O)
    Climate change – Gene editing

    Rutgers University in New Jersey is currently testing


    CRISPR on Chardonnay Dijon clone 76

    Danger: genetic erosion


    Conclusions

    • Climate change and adaptation increase pathogens pressure

    • Non-vinifera? Resistant hybrids? GMOs? CRISPR Cas9?

    • Only a small number of the possible genetic combinations within and


    outside vinifera have been explored

    • Obscure and wild grapes: sources of biodiversity!

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