Pete 4105 Group 6 Central Luzon Basin Drilling Program

Central Luzon Central Luzon Philippines
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Lexine Mae S.
PREPARED BY Drilling Engineer
Castillo
John Arman A.
Lopez
Chief Drilling
Engineer
CHECKED BY Glen Lauren D.
Perez
Drilling Hans Christian L.

Superintendent Pureza
Well Operation
APPROVED BY Joann L. Mabiling
Manager
i
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Background 1
Demographics 2
II. LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY 5
Location 5
Mode of Transportation 7
III. REGIONAL GEOLOGY 10
Stratigraphy 10
Schematic Play 12
Tectonic History Basin 14
Structural Elements of Basin 16
IV. SEISMIC INTERPRETATION 21
Seismic Interpretation of the Basin 21
Seismic Facies 25
V. WELL INFORMATION 28
Central Luzon Well Information 28
VI. RESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISMS 31
VII. WELL PLACEMENT 33
Geologic Context 34
VIII. WELL PROFILE 36
Well Data 37
IX. BIT AND BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLIES (BHA) 38
Bit Program 38
Bottom Hole Assembly 41
ii
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
X. SURVEY AND LOGGING PROGRAM 53

Survey 53
Logging Program 53
XI. MUD PROGRAM 57
XII. CEMENTING PROGRAM 66
Casing Design 71
XIII. WELL TESTING AND COMPLETION 75
XIV. BOP PROGRAM 76
XV. DRILLING SCHEDULE 77
XVI. SAFETY AND RISKS ASSESSMENTS 79
XVII. AUTHORIZED AND FIELD EXPENDITURE 80
REFERENCES 81
iii
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Figure Name Page
1 Central Luzon Basin Geologic Setting 5
2 Central Luzon Basin 6
(A) Major Geological Structures of Central Luzon Basin

3 11
(B) Coastal Morphology and Local Tectonic Features
4 Stratigraphic Column of Central Luzon Basin 11
5 Schematic Play of Central Luzon Basin 12
6 Early History of Central Luzon Basin 15
7 The Philippine Fault System 17
8 Digdif-Dingalan Fault System 18
9 Marikina Valley Fault System 19
10 Central Luzon Volcanic Arc 20
11 Seismic Reflection Data 21
12 Philippine Fault Zone Seismic Survey 23
13 Seismic Coverage in the Central Luzon Basin as of 2001 24
14 Central Luzon Well Location Map 29
15 Exploratory Wells Drilled in Central Luzon Basin (1950-1990) 30
16 Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well 33

iv
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG along with Manila Bay

17 34
1/1A/1AST and Manila Bay Redrill
18 Manila Bay Stratigraphy 35
19 Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well 36
20 Casing and Hole Size Selection Chart 38
21 Casing Design of Manila Bay 73
22 Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Time Estimate 77

v
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Table Name Page
1 Mode of Transportation by Bus 7
2 Mode of Transportation by Private Car 8
3 Mode of Transportation by Taxi 9
4 Well Profile of Manila Bay 36
5 Well Data of Manila Bay- LHJJG 37
Amount of Pressure in Each Drilling Section of Manila Bay -

6 37
LHJJG
7 Bit Sizes for Manila Bay 39
8 Bit Types To Be Used in Manila Bay 39
9 BHA for Surface Casing Drilling 42
10 BHA for Intermediate Casing 44
11 BHA for Production Casing 47
12 BHA for Liner Drilling 50
13 Logging Program To Be Used in Manila Bay 54
Summary of Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay -

14 57
LHJJG
Computation Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay -

15 58
LHJJG
vi
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
16 Cementing Calculations for Conductor Casing 66
17 Cementing Calculations for Surface Casing 67
18 Cementing Calculations for Intermediate Casing 68
19 Cementing Calculations for Production Liner 70
20 Summary of Casing Design 72
21 Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Operation 78

Page 1 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background
The Philippines is a promising area for petroleum exploration development

considering just a small percentage have been discovered for its total oil reserves and natural
gas production. As an archipelago of islands in Southeast Asia, the country has immense
biodiversity and a past rich in geographical and historical significance (GeoExpro, 2019)
In the region of Southeast Asia, where the Pacific Ocean stretches westward, liest the
Philippines, an archipelago of over 7,000 islands. Bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east,
the Celebes Sea to the south, the Sulu Sea to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the
west and north, this nation spans roughly 1,150 miles from north to south and 700 miles at its
widest east-west extent. Striking physical features include the archipelago’s irregular shape,
an extensive coastline racing 22,550 miles. (Bautista et al., 2020). The mountain ranges
generally mirror the north- south orientation of the islands.
The Philippines depends heavily on oil imports, with 87% of its crude oil coming
from the Middle East in 2016. This dependence makes the country vulnerable to price
fluctuations, as seen during the oil crisis of the 1970s. The Philippine National Oil
Corporation (PNOC) was formed to explore domestic oil production and strengthen the
country’s energy sector. To oversee oil exploration and development, later on transferred to
the Department of Energy (DOE). The DOE has facilitated bids for 15 oil exploration
contracts covering 10 million hectares in the East Palawan and Mindoro- Cuyo basins, as
well as other promising areas in Cagayan, Central Luzon, the Visayas, and Agusan- Davao.
The Central Luzon Basin is a complex geological structure that has been shaped by a
variety of tectonic forces. The basin is bounded by the Zambales Mountains to the west, the
Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, and the Cagayan Valley to the north. The basin is drained
by a number of rivers, including the Pampanga River, the Agno River, and the Tarlac River.
(Ray, 2023). Also it is a complex geological structure that has been shaped by a variety of
tectonic forces.
Page 2 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
The researchers crafted a plan that meticulously maps out the entire process of drilling
a well that focuses on the Central Luzon Basin, from preparing the site to completing the
wellbore. That encompasses every facet and data from the amount of oil reserves to the
drilling operations. Ensuring adherence to safety standards, operational efficiency and cost-
effectiveness following the environmental regulations.
Demographics
Population
According to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing carried out by the
Philippine Statistics Authority, the population of Central Luzon (Region III) was
12,422,172 as of May 1, 2020. This represents approximately 11.39% of the total
population of the Philippines. Bulacan was the fastest-growing province in the region,
with an annual population growth rate (PGR) of 2.54% from 2015 to 2020. It was
followed by Bataan (2.45%), Pampanga (2.20%), Tarlac (2.04%), Aurora (2.02%),
and Zambales (2.01%). Nueva Ecija had the lowest PGR among the provinces at
1.51%.
Aurora
A total land area of 1,209.811 square miles and total population of 235,750
according to (2020 census). Is a province in the Philippines located in the Central
Luzon region occupying the central section of Luzon. Its capital is the Municipality of
Baler. The population density is computed at 75 inhabitants per square kilometer or
195 inhabitants per square mile. (PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Bataan
A total land area of 530.11 square miles and total population of 853,373 and
total population of 853,373 according to (2020 census). Is a province situated in the
Central Luzon region occupying the central section of Luzon. Its capital is the City of
Balanga. The population density is computed at 622 inhabitants per square kilometer
or 1,610 inhabitants per square mile. (PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Page 3 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Bulacan
A total land area of 1,074.79 square miles and total population of 3,708,890
according to (2020 census). Thus it represents 29.86% of the total population of the
Central Luzon region, 5.96% of the overall population of the Luzon island group. The
population density is computed at 1,332 inhabitants per square kilometer or 3,451
inhabitants per square mile. (PhilAtlas, n.d.).
Nueva Ecija
according to (2020 census). This represented 18.60% of the total population of the
Central Luzon region, 3.71% of the overall population of the Luzon island group or
2.12% of the entire population of the Philippines. The population density is computed
at 406 inhabitants per square kilometer or 1,052 inhabitants per square
mile.(PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Pampanga
A total land area of 772.68 square miles and total population of 2,437,709
according to (2020 census). In the central section of Luzon. The total population of
the Central Luzon region, 3.92% of the overall population of the Luzon island group,
or 2.24% of the entire population of the Philippines. The population density is
computed at 1,2118 inhabitants per square kilometer or 3,1155 inhabitants per square
mile. (PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Tarlac
according to (2020 census). Is a province situated in the Philippines The population
density is computed at 494 inhabitants per square kilometer or 1,278 inhabitants per
square mile. (PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Zambales
A total land area of 1,401.69 square miles and total population of 649,615
according to (2020 census). This amounted to 5.23 percent of the entire population of
the Central Luzon region, 1.04% of the entire Luzon island group, and 0.60 percent of
Page 4 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
the total population density is calculated to be 179 people per square kilometer or 463
people per square mile, using these numbers.. (PhilAtlas, n.d.)
Page 5 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER II
LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY
Location
Located between 15°N and 16°N latitude and 119°E and 121°E longitude, the Central
Luzon Basin is a large sedimentary basin located in the central part of Luzon Island, the
largest and most populated island in the Philippines. The basin is roughly triangular in shape,
with its apex pointing to the north and its base extending to the south. It is bounded by the
Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, the Caraballo Mountains to the west, and the Zambales
Mountains to the northwest. The basin is covered by a thick layer of sediments, which range
in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary. These sediments are primarily composed of
sandstones, shales, and limestones. The basin is also home to a number of active and dormant
volcanoes.
Figure 1: Central Luzon Basin Geologic Setting

Page 6 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Source:DOE Philippines
The Central Luzon Basin is easily accessible by road and air. There are a number of
highways that connect the basin to the rest of Luzon Island. There are also several airports in
the basin, including the Clark International Airport, which is a major international hub. The
basin is also well-served by public transportation, including buses and jeepneys.
Figure 2. Central Luzon Basin

Source: DOE Philippines
As the Central Luzon Basin extends through Manila, The National Capital Region, it
makes the basin accessible from any point of the country.
Page 7 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Mode of Transportation
There are numerous modes of transportation going to central luzon. The time of travel
and cost of transportation vary based on the method of transportation chosen. It is accessible
from Batangas through different kinds of transpo.
Table 1. Mode of Transportation by Bus
BUS
ROUTE MODE OF TIME OF COST

TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL
BSU Alangilan - Jeep 10 minutes PHP 10 - PHP 12

Batangas Grand
Terminal
Batangas Grand Bus 2 - 5 hours PHP 160 - PHP

Terminal - Parañaque 200
Integrated Terminal
Exchange (PITX)
TOTAL 5 hours and PHP 170 - PHP

10 minutes 212
The usual route of the bus from Batangas City to Manila takes around 3 hours of
travel with a cost of no more than 300 Php. This makes this mode of travel to central Luzon
the recommended one and the cheapest one. However, this has the longest travel time from
point to point.
Page 8 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 2. Mode of Transportation by Private Car
PRIVATE CAR

BSU Alangilan - Jeep 2 - 3 hours PHP500 - PHP

Parañaque Integrated 1000
Terminal Exchange
(PITX)
TOTAL 2 - 3 hours PHP500 - PHP

1000
Using a private car is also a great option going to central luzon. However this may
cost more than commuting by bus. On the other hand, this is the fastest way to go to Manila
(Central Luzon) with around 2 hours of travel.
Page 9 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 3. Mode of Transportation by Taxi
TAXI

BSU Alangilan - Jeep 10 minutes PHP 10 - PHP 12

Batangas Grand
Terminal
Batangas Grand Taxi 2 - 3 hours PHP 1000 - PHP

Terminal - Parañaque 2000
Integrated Terminal
Exchange (PITX)
TOTAL 2 hours, and 10 PHP 1100 - PHP

minutes - 3 2012
hours
If comfort is one of the criteria in commuting but do not have a private car. Taking a
taxi to Manila is a great option. However, this might cost more than other modes of
commuting, with a total cost of Php 1100 - Php 2012 and total travel time of 2 hours - 4
hours.
Page 10 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER III
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Stratigraphy
The southern end of the Central Luzon Basin (Fig. 3a) is a vast tidal-river delta
complex formed by the Pampanga, Angat, and Bulacan-Meycauayan Rivers within the
Pampanga River Basin, the largest of the 26 catchment regions (Siringan and Ringor, 1997).
The delta complex, which covers approximately 2,700 km2 (Siringan and Rodolfo, 2003), is
occupied by the coastal towns of Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, and the KAMANAVA area of
northeastern Metro Manila. The delta surface has a fairly mild gradient, with elevations
ranging from mean sea level (msl) to 10 meters above msl 10 km to 25 km inland (Sandoval
and Mamaril, 1969; NEPC,1987). The delta is bounded to the west by the easternZambales
Mountains of Eocene ophiolites and the recent Pinatubo, Natib, and Mariveles volcanoes. To
the east, the delta is bounded by the foothills of the southern Sierra Madre Mountains. These
include Cretaceous to Eocene metavolcanics, metasediments, and ophiolites, Oligocene to
Miocene carbonates, marine clastics, and volcaniclastics, and Pliocene to Pleistocene shallow
marine to terrestrial sedimentary and pyroclastics (BMG, 1982; BED, 1986; Encarnacion,
2004). The delta plain's Quaternary alluvium is typically composed of consolidated silt or
clay and poorly cemented sand and gravel derived from the Pleistocene Guadalupe Formation
(BMG, 1982;JICA, 1982). Young fluvio-marine deposits are especially prone to compaction.
Borehole data from the KAMANAVA cities of Kaloocan, Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela
demonstrate that Holocene marine and river deposits vary in thickness from 1-31m laterally
(CTIEngineering Co., Ltd., 2001).
Lineaments in satellite images of the region are most likely active faults that may be
responsible for some of the vertical motions (Siringan and Rodolfo, 2003). The most
prominent lineament passes northeastward through Hermosa, Bataan to Bacolor, Pampanga
and bounds wetlands to the southeast and dry alluvial plains to the southwest (Fig. 3b).
Page 11 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 3. (A) Major Geological Structures of Central Luzon Basin

(B) Coastal Morphology and Local Tectonic Features
Source: Researchgate
Figure 4. Stratigraphic Column of Central Luzon Basin

Source: CentralLuzon_Stratigraphy.pdf
Page 12 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Schematic Play
Figure 5: Schematic Play of Central Luzon Basin

Source: CentralLuzon_Play.pdf
Source Rock
The source rocks in the Central Luzon Basin are primariy of Oligocene- Early
Miocene age and are found in the eastern and southwestern parts of the basin. These
source rocks are predominantly marl and organic-rich shales, which are characterized
by high organic matter content and favorable geochemical properties for hydrocarbon
generation (Zeng, 2023). The source rocks have been buried to depths of several
kilometers, providing the necessary heat and pressure for hydrocarbon generation.
The organic matter within these source rocks has been transformed into petroleum,
which has migrated into overlying reservoir rocks.
Reservoir Rock
The reservoir rocks have been subjected to various geological processes,
including faulting, uplifting and erosion, which have created structural traps and
stratigraphic traps that have allowed hydrocarbons to accumulate. Reservoir rocks in
the Central Luzon Basin are primarily of Miocene- Pliocene age and are found in
various locations throughout the basin. These reservoir rocks are predominantly
Page 13 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
sandstones and carbonates, which have good porosity and permeability, allowing for
the storage and flow of hydrocarbons. (Zhu et al,. 2008)
Seal Rock
The seal rock in Central Luzon Basin is composed primarily of Late
Cretaceous to Early Eocene sedimentary rocks, including limestones, sandstones and
shales. These rocks are part of the ophiollite sequence of the Centrall Luzon Basement
Complex, which represents the remnants of ancient oceanic crust and overlying
sedimentary layers that were accreted onto the continental margin of Luzon during the
Cretaceous period (science.gov). With its scientific significance, seal rock also holds
ecological importance. The surrounding waters serve as a habitat for a diverse
marine ecosystem, includin various fish species, corals and marine invertebrates. The
rock itself provides nesting and roosting sites for searbirds, adding to the biodiversity
of the area. Seal Rock remains a relatively undisturbed natural landmark, offering a
lookout into the region’s geological past and providing a sanctuary for marine life. Its
conservation is essential for preserving the unique geological heritage and ecological
value of the Central Luzon Basin (science.gov).
Petroleum Play Types

The Central Luzon Basin is one of the most important petroleum basins in the
Philippines. It contains a variety of petroleum plays, each with its own unique
geological characteristics and exploration potential.
Reef Build-Ups
Reef Build- Ups, the carbonate reef complexes that formed during the Early to
Middle Miocene. Reef build-ups are characterized by their high porosity and
permeability, making them excellent reservoirs for hydrocarbons (Yang, 2022).
Another petroleum play type is the anticline.
Page 14 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Anticlines
These are folds in the Earth’s crust that can trap hydrocarbons. Anticlines are
common structural features in the Central Luzon Basin; it is responsible for the
discovery of several oil and gas fields.
Stratigraphic Traps
These are traps formed by changes in the rock layers. Stratigraphic traps can
be caused by pinch-outs, unconformities and faults.
Turbidites
These are deep-water sediments that were deposited by turbidity currents.
Turbidites can contain good reservoir rocks, and the potential source of hydrocarbons
in the Central Luzon Basin.
Tectonic History Basin
The tectonic history of the Central Luzon Basin is a complex and forceful effect
shaped by the ongoing subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Luzon Arc. The
basin has undergone multiple phases of subsidence and uplift, reflecting the changing
tectonic forces at play throughout its history. (Lallemad, 2016). The Central Luzon Basin’s
origins can be traced back to the early Cenozoic Era, around 60 million years ago. During this
time, the Philippine Sea Plate was subducting beneath the Luzon Arc, causing the
accumulation of sediments along the forearc region. These sediments, primarily
volcaniclastic in nature, formed the early deposits of the basin
Early History of the Central Luzon Basin
The Central Luzon Basin’s origins can be traced back to the early Cenozoic
Era, around 60 million years ago. During this time, the Philippine Sea Plate was
subducting beneath the Luzon Arc, causing the accumulation of sediments along the
forearc region. These sediments, primarily volcaniclastic in nature formed the early
deposits of the basin. (Zhang et al,. 2017)
Page 15 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 6: Early History of Central Luzon Basin

Source: Science Direct
Middle to Late Cenozoic of the Central Luzon Basin
Between the middle and late Cenezoic, the tectonic setting of the Central
Luzon Basin underwent significant changes. The northward movement of the
Philippine Sea Plate accelerated, leading to increased subduction rates and the
development of a deep oceanic trench along the western margin of Luzon (Queano,
2007). The basin experienced increased subsidence, resulting in the deposition of
thick sedimentary sequences.
Late Cenozoic to Present
During the late Cenozoic and continuing into the present, the tectonic activity
in the Central Luzon Basin has been dominated by the development of strike-slip fault
systems, particularly the Philippine Fault Zone. This fault system has accommodated
the oblique convergence between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Luzon Arc, causing
the basin to become compartmentalized into smaller sub basins (Aurelio et al,. 1991).
The Central Luzon Basin is currently a forearc basin undergoing active subsidence
and sedimentation. The ongoing subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate is providing a
Page 16 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
continuous supply of sediments, which are being deposited in the basin’s central and
eastern regions. The basin is also influenced by the Philippine Fault Zone,which is
causing localized uplift and subsidence along its strike.
Structural Elements of Basin
The Central Luzon Basin is a large, elongate basin located in the central part of the
island of Luzon, The Philippines. It is bounded by the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, the
Zambales Mountains to the west, the Digdig-Dingalan Fault to the north, and the Verde Island
Passage Fault to the south. The basin is filled with a thick sequence of Cenozoic sediments,
which overlie a basement of oceanic crust and accreted terranes. These structural elements
have played a major role in the formation of the Central Luzon Basin and its geological
history. It continues to be active and the movement can cause earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions that can cause sudden movement of the basin.Here are some of the major structural
elements of the Central Luzon Basin.
The Philippine Fault System

The Philippine Fault System is a major strike-slip fault system that runs along
the eastern edge of the basin. The Philippine Fault System is responsible for the uplift
of the Sierra Madre Mountains and the subsidence of the Central Luzon Basin. (Hsu,
2016)
Page 17 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 7: The Philippine Fault System

The Digdif-Dingalan Fault (DDF)

The Digdif-Dingalan Fault is a major strike-slip fault that runs along the
northern edge of the basin. The DDF is responsible for the uplift of the Zambales
Mountains and the subsidence of the Central Luzon Basin. (Rimando, 2020)
Page 18 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 8: Digdif Dingalan Fault System

The Marikina Valley Fault System (MVSF)
The MVSF is a major strike-slip fault system that runs through the central part
of the basin. The MVSF is responsible for the formation of the Marikina Valley and
the Laguna de Bay. (Rimando, 2020)
Page 19 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 9: Marikina Valley Fault System

Source: Research Gate
The Central Luzon Volcanic Arc
The Central Luzon Volcanic Arc is a chain of volcanoes that runs along the
western edge of the basin. The volcanoes are responsible for the production of ash and
lava flows, which have contributed to the filling of the basin. (Corpuz, 1992)
Page 20 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 10: Central Luzon Volcanic Arc

The Pampanga River Delta
The Pampanga River Delta is a large delta that forms the southern end of the
basin, The delta is formed by the sediments carried by the Pampanga River, which is
the largest river in the Philippines.
Page 21 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER IV
SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
Seismic Interpretation of the Basin
The Central Luzon Basin is a sedimentary basin in the Philippines. It is one of the
most seismically active areas in the country. The Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, the
Zambales Mountains to the west, the Caraballo Mountains to the north, and Manila Bay to
the south form the basin's boundaries. The Central Luzon Basin is a graben generated by the
rifting of the Philippine Plate from the Eurasian Plate. The basin is filled with sediments
ranging in age from the Paleogene to the Recent.
The seismic interpretation of the Central Luzon Basin is based on the examination of
seismic reflection data. Seismic reflection data is gathered by shooting a sound source into
the water, such as an air pistol. The sound waves travel through the sediments and are
reflected back to the surface, where they are recorded by hydrophones. The reflection data is
then analyzed and interpreted to produce a seismic image of the subsurface.
Figure 11. Seismic Reflection Data

Page 22 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
The seismic image of the Central Luzon Basin reveals that the basin is filled with a
dense series of sediments. The sediments are faulted and folded in a complicated manner. The
faults are the product of the rifting that generated the basin. The folds are the result of a
collision between the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
The faults and folds in the Central Luzon Basin have been mapped using seismic
interpretation. The interpretation has also been used to identify probable hydrocarbon
resources.The analysis of seismic data from the Central Luzon Basin is critical for
understanding the basin's geology. The interpretation is also crucial for planning future basin
development.The seismic interpretation of the Central Luzon Basin is in progress. The
interpretation will get more precise and accurate as more data is collected.
Moreover, the Central Luzon Basin has considerable seismic coverage. Several
seismic surveys have been done in the basin, and the data from these surveys has been used to
generate a complete picture of the basin's geology.
The Philippine Fault Zone Seismic Survey (PFZSS) was one of the most important
seismic surveys in the Central Luzon Basin. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) conducted the PFZSS in 2004. The study gathered information
from approximately 1,500 kilometers of seismic lines, which was then utilized to construct a
precise map of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ).
The PFZ is a large fault system that runs the length of the island of Luzon. Many of
the earthquakes that occur in the Philippines are caused by this fault. The PFZSS data was
utilized to determine the fault's location and depth, as well as its direction and rate of
movement. It was also utilized to locate possible earthquake causes.
In addition, several more seismic surveys have been done in the Central Luzon Basin.
These surveys have concentrated on specific basin areas, such as the Manila Trench and the
West Luzon Basin. These surveys' data have been utilized to enhance the PFZSS data to
generate a more thorough understanding of the basin's geology.
The Central Luzon Basin's seismic coverage is critical for understanding the basin's
geology. The seismic survey data was used to construct maps of the basin's faults and folds,
as well as the distribution of sediments. The information has also been used to locate possible
Page 23 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
hydrocarbon resources and earthquake sources. It is constantly improving and interpretation

of data will get more detailed and accurate as more information is collected. The
interpretation will remain critical for understanding the geology of the basin and planning for
future basin development.
Figure 12. Philippine Fault Zone Seismic Survey

Page 24 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 13. Seismic Coverage in the Central Luzon Basin as of 2001.

Source: Department of Energy
Page 25 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Seismic Facies
The seismic facies of the Central Luzon Basin are diverse and complicated, reflecting
the region's diversified geology and tectonic history. A dense series of sedimentary strata
ranging in age from Paleogene to Recent characterizes the basin. These sediments were
formed in a variety of habitats, including fluvial, lacustrine, marine, and volcanic
environments. The seismic facies of the Central Luzon Basin can be divided into five major
groups:
● Fluvial Facies
The Central Luzon fluvial facies is distinguished by a meandering or braided
channel pattern and is associated with fluvial deposits such as sand, gravel, and silt.
The fluvial facies is found in the basin's north and east, where it is connected with the
Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains. The fluvial facies is thought to have been
deposited by rivers flowing into the basin from the highlands. The meandering
channel pattern is seen in rivers that flow through low-gradient terrain, whereas the
braided channel pattern is found in rivers that flow through high-gradient terrain.
Moreover, the fluvial facies represent a significant groundwater reservoir. The
sand and gravel deposits are extremely porous and may hold enormous amounts of
water. It is a significant source of construction sand and gravel. This facies is a
reminder of Central Luzon's active geological history. A number of processes,
including erosion, deposition, and volcanism, have shaped the basin. The river facies
bears witness to these processes and serves as a useful historical record.
● Lacustrine Facies
The Central Luzon lacustrine facies is distinguished by a flat or moderately
dipping seismic surface and is linked with lacustrine deposits such as mudstone,
siltstone, and limestone. The lacustrine facies is found in the basin's center and
western regions, where it is linked to the Manila Trench and the West Luzon Basin.
The lacustrine facies is thought to have formed in lakes that formed in the
basin during times of tectonic inactivity. Lake deposits have a flat or gently dipping
Page 26 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
seismic surface because they are formed in a low-energy environment. Lake deposits,
which are often consisting of fine-grained sediments formed in a calm environment,
are characterized by mudstone, siltstone, and limestone deposits.
● Marine Facies
The Central Luzon marine facies is distinguished by a range of seismic
textures, including parallel, wavy, and chaotic reflections. These textures reflect the
many marine settings where the sediments were deposited. The facies are found in
marine deposits such as sandstone, shale, and limestone.
The marine facies is found in the basin's southern reaches, where it is
connected with the Manila Trench. The Manila Trench is a deep-water trench
produced by the collision of the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The trench is
a place of active sedimentation, and it is considered that the marine facies is the result
of this sedimentation.Hydrocarbons are abundant in the marine facies. Sandstone and
shale deposits are very permeable and capable of storing enormous amounts of oil and
gas. Minerals such as manganese and nickel are also abundant in the marine facies.
● Volcanic Facies
The Central Luzon volcanic facies is a diversified and complex rock formation
that reflects the region's rich geological history and volcanic activity. This facies is
distinguished by a variety of seismic textures, including blocky, chaotic, and
hummocky reflections, which represent the region's various types of volcanic
deposits. Lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic ash are examples of these. The
volcanic facies is most common in northern and eastern Central Luzon, where it is
connected with the Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains. The collision of the
Philippine Plate with the Eurasian Plate resulted in the construction of numerous
volcanic edifices and the deposition of volcanic debris, resulting in the formation of
these mountain ranges.
Page 27 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
● Mixed Facies
The mixed facies in Central Luzon is distinguished by a mix of seismic
textures from several facies and is connected with deposits from various settings. It
can be found throughout the basin's northern, eastern, southern, and western regions.
It is thought to have formed in a variety of habitats, including fluvial, lacustrine,
marine, and volcanic settings.
Mixed facies are typically encountered in regions where one depositional
environment has transitioned to another. For example, mixed facies are found in
sections of the Central Luzon Basin where the basin has transitioned from a fluvial to
a lacustrine environment, or from a lacustrine to a marine environment.
Mixed facies can be difficult to discern since they feature a combination of
seismic textures from several facies. They can, however, be useful for understanding
the geological history of a basin since they can provide information on the historical
settings in which the sediments were accumulated.
Page 28 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER V
WELL INFORMATION
Central Luzon Well Information
The Central Luzon Basin has an area of 16,500 square kilometers in size, with 95
percent of it on land. In this basin, seventeen (17) wildcat wells were drilled. Specifically,
based on the figure 14 below there are nine (9) dry wells: Lingayen-1, Dagupan-1,
Cabaruan-1, Victoria-2A, Tarlac-1, San Leonardo-1, Gapan-1, Minalin-1, and Macabebe-1,
then, seven (7) dry well with gas shows: Cuyapo-1/1A, Camaling-1, Guimba Triala-1,
Camiling-1, Luisita-1, Santa Rosa-1, and Manila Bay Wells, lastly, one (1) gas well:
Victoria-1. Also, the total undiscovered resources are estimated to be 902 million barrels of
oil equivalent or 5 trillion cubic feet of gas wherein gas has 100% shares of the total
resources.
The Central Luzon Basin exploration program was capped in 1979 with a small gas
flow from Victoria-1, an onshore well in Tarlac. In 1995, a well was drilled in Manila Bay, a
prospect area well within the Central Luzon Basin. This well produced gas and revealed a
rather thick limestone deposit.With this, the gas potential in the Central Luzon Basin was
recently improved as a result of the Manila Bay well drilling in 1995. This motivated local
exploration firms to obtain new contract areas or to increase their holdings in the Central
Luzon Basin.
Page 29 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 14. Central Luzon Well Location Map

Source: DOE Philippines
Page 30 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
In terms of the exploration activities in the Central Luzon Basin, according to the
Petroleum Act to Service Contract (1949-1973) the first drilling (Macabebe-1 and Minalin-1)
was done in 1950 by the Philippine Oil Development Company (PODCO) based on the
asserted presence of gas seepage. The systematic field geology and geophysical surveys
(airborne and land magnetometer and gravity surveys) were carried out, as well as seismic
data conducted. Offshore areas have 951.94 ln-kms while onshore regions have 458.00
ln-kms. For additional data collecting prior to drilling exploratory wells, stratigraphic holes
were drilled between the Zambales Mountains and the Lingayen Gulf. Subsurface structures
were found and delineated, mainly largely anticlines were drilled. Between 1960 and 1964,
five (5) wells discovered methane gas. Furthermore, during the Service Contract Era in 1979
significant hydrocarbons encountered from Victoria-1 well which flowed 1.2 MMscfd of dry
gas from Late Miocene sandstone. Lastly, the current exploration activity in the Central
Luzon basin was Victoria well workover which under the Service Contract 70 (SC-70) was
granted by the Department of Energy in August 2008 werein the operator was the Polyard
Petroleum International Co. Ltd. (PPIC).
Figure 15: Exploratory Wells Drilled in Central Luzon Basin (1950-1990)

Source: Cophil Exploration Corporation
Page 31 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER VI
RESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISMS
The reservoir drive mechanism is the process by which hydrocarbons are forced out
of the reservoir and up to the wellbore. There are four main types of reservoir drive
mechanisms:
● Gas Drive: When there is a gas cap in the reservoir, gas drive happens. As
pressure is reduced from the reservoir, the gas expands, driving the oil out of
the reservoir and up to the wellbore.
● Water Drive: Water drive happens when an aquifer exists beneath the
reservoir. As pressure is released, water enters the reservoir, driving the oil out
of the reservoir and up to the wellbore.
● Solution Gas Drive: Solution gas drive occurs when dissolved gas in the oil
comes out of solution as pressure is removed from the reservoir. The gas
expands, forcing the oil out of the reservoir and up to the wellbore.
● Gravity Drainage: Gravity drainage occurs when the reservoir is tilted and oil
moves down the dip of the formation under the force of gravity.
Water drive is the major reservoir driving mechanism in the Central Luzon Basin.
This is owing to the Manila Aquifer, a huge and active aquifer that sits underneath the basin.
The aquifer supplies a constant supply of water to the reservoirs, forcing oil out of the
reservoirs and up to the wellbore.
Primary Drive:
The primary drive mechanism in the CLB is water drive, driven by the underlying
Manila Aquifer. As pressure is depleted from the reservoir, water from the aquifer migrates
into the reservoir, pushing the oil towards the wellbores. This mechanism has been
responsible for a significant portion of the CLB's oil production history.
Page 32 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Secondary Drive:
While water drive is dominant, other drive mechanisms also play a role in
hydrocarbon production in the CLB.
● Gas Drive: Gas drive occurs when a gas cap is present in the reservoir. As pressure is
removed, the gas expands, pushing the oil towards the wellbores. This mechanism is
typically limited to the upper part of the reservoir.
● Solution Gas Drive: Solution gas drive occurs when dissolved gas in the oil comes out
of solution as pressure is removed. The expanding gas helps push the oil towards the
wellbores. This mechanism is more widespread in the CLB than gas drive.
The Central Luzon Basin's water drive mechanism is particularly successful, since it
has allowed the basin to produce oil for many years. The water drive mechanism, however, is
also responsible for the comparatively high water-oil ratios (WORs) recorded in the basin's
wells. As the reservoir's water level increases, so do the WORs, making it impossible to
produce cheaply. In addition to water drive, the Central Luzon Basin has some gas drive and
solution gas drive. The gas drive is normally restricted to the top reservoir, where a gas cap is
placed. The solution gas drive is more broad, as it occurs in all of the basin's reservoirs.
However, solution gas drives are often less successful than water drives.
Page 33 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER VII
WELL PLACEMENT
In the central part of the Philippines, where the vibrant cityscape of Manila converges
with the expansive waters of Manila Bay, lies a region of significant geological interest. As
we embark on a new drilling program in this vicinity, the spotlight is on a crucial element of
our exploration endeavors — well placement. The strategic positioning of wells beneath the
bay's seabed holds the key to unlocking the subsurface potential and optimizing hydrocarbon
recovery in this dynamic and challenging environment. In regard to this, we will introduce a
new well named Manila Bay - LHJJG. Manila Bay - LHJJG is a proposed oil well along the
Manila Bay 1 and Manila Bay Redrill.
COORDINATES
Latitude Coordinates 14° 38' 16.1448'' N
Longitude Coordinates 120° 44' 40.56'' E
Figure 16. Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well

Source: Google Map
Page 34 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 17. Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG along with Manila Bay 1/1A/1AST and
Manila Bay Redrill
Geologic Context
The Manila Bay - LHJJG will possibly have crystal tuff build -up originally predicted
to be of Middle Miocene age, lying at about 12,000 feet where it will have oil shows and
C1-C4 gas. This is based on the Petrographic and Biostratigraphic studies that the formation
drilled 11,160 feet to T.D. is crystalline tuff devoid of fossils. The crystalline tuff is
varicolored, light grey to light green grey, brown to light brown, translucent to off white,
locally purple, brittle to fairly hard, hackly to blocky, and with abundant translucent volcanic
glass.
Page 35 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 18. Manila Bay Stratigraphy

Page 36 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER VIII
WELL PROFILE
Figure 19: Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well
Table 4. Well Profile of Manila Bay- LHJJG
Company Name Beyond Horizon Drilling Company
Field Name Manila Bay Field
Well Name Manila Bay - LHJJG
Rig Type Semi-submersible
14° 38' 16.1448'' N

Wellhead Coordinates
120° 44' 40.56'' E
Page 37 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Well Type Production Well
Total Depth (TD) 12,000 ft
Well Data
Table 5. Well Data of Manila Bay- LHJJG
Normal
Fracture
Pore Fracture Minimum Maximum
Pressure Pressure
TD (ft) Pressure Pressure Mud Mud
Gradient @TD (psi)
Gradient @TD (psi) Weight Weight
(psi/ft)
(psi/ft)
8.94230769 15.1730769
12000 0.465 0.789 5580 9468
2 2
Table 6. Amount of Pressure in Each Drilling Section of Manila Bay - LHJJG
Depth (ft) Minimum Pressure (psi) Maximum Pressure (psi)
Initial Final Initial Final Initial Final
75 320 34.875 148.8 59.175 252.48
320 2320 148.8 1078.8 252.48 1830.48
2320 6782 1078.8 3153.63 1830.48 5350.998
6782 9435 3153.63 4387.275 5350.998 7444.215
9435 12000 4387.275 5580 7444.215 9468

Page 38 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER IX
BIT AND BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLIES (BHA)
Bit Program
The type and size of the drill bit to be used to attain the desired hole size of the well
for the drilling of Manila Bay - LHJJG are included in this program. With this, the table 7
below shows the tabulated data of bit sizes designed for the operation.
Figure 20. Casing and Hole Size Selection Chart

Source: OilField Innovations
Page 39 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 7. Bit Sizes for Manila Bay - LHJJG
Sequence of Drilling Depth Limit (ft) Bit Sizes (in)
1st section 75-320 36
2nd section 320-2,320 26
3rd section 2,320 - 6,782 17 1/2
4th section 6,782 - 9,435 12 1/4
5th section 9,435 - 12,000 8 1/2
In terms of the drill bit type to be utilized it will depend on the kind of formation for
each depth interval of the drilling processes. Table 8 presents an overview of the drill bit
types to be employed as Manila Bay - LHJJG development begins. With this, the name of
formation, rock type and properties are all based on the stratigraphic or geologic context
presented on Figure 18.
Table 8. Bit Types To Be Used in Manila Bay -LHJJG
Sequence Depth Name of Rock Rock Type Drill Drill Bit

of Limit (ft) Rock / Properties Bit Classification
Drilling Formation Type to
be
Used
1st 75 - 320 Top of Ultra hard, Coarse PDC M432

Section Bamban Abrasive Clastic
Formation Rock
2nd 320 - Top of Hard, Tuffaceous, PDC M332

Section 2,320 Bamban Abrasive Sandstone,
Page 40 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Formation - Rocks and

Bottom of Siltstone
Bamban
Formation
3rd 2320 - Bottom of Hard, Tuffaceous, PDC M332

Section 6,782 Bamban Abrasive Sandstone,
Formation - Rocks Siltstone
Top of
Malo
Pungatan
Formation
4th 6,782 Malo Medium to Lithocalcer Insert 633G

Section -9,435 Pungatan Hard Rock enite
Formation- with
Moriones Abrasive
Formation Layers
5th 9,435- Bottom of Medium to Limestone Insert 633G

Section 12,000 Moriones Hard Rock Crystal
formation - with Tuff
Unknown Abrasive
Formation Layers
Page 41 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Bottom Hole Assembly
The different tables (Table 7-10) presented in this section of the paper accounts for the
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) for each drilling hole size using the required bit per section,
specifically, Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bit for drilling of the conductor
casing, surface casing, and intermediate casing while Insert bit for drilling of the production
casing and liner. Each bit was utilized as it can ideally penetrate the desired depth per section.
The different BHA also consist of stabilizers which serve as the specialized tools attached to
the drill string that will help maintain the stability and direction of the drill bit as it penetrates
the formations. Crossovers are connectors that serve as transition points between different
components of the drill string like the drill collar and heavy weight drill pipe. Centralizers are
the tools attached to the drill string that may help maintain the centered position of the drill
pipe within the borehole. It also plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and efficient
operation of the drilling process by preventing the drill pipe from rubbing against the
borehole walls. Lastly, heavy weight drill pipes (HWDP) are vital components for drilling as
well, as they provide additional weight on the drill bit which may help to increase the rate of
penetration (ROP), improve the stability of the hole, and overcome or prevent differential
sticking.
Page 42 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 9. BHA for Surface Casing Drilling
No. Item OD (in) ID (in) Pin (in) Box (in) Length (ft) Cumulative
Length (ft)
1 Bit (PDC) 26 - 8½ - 2 2
2 NB Stabilizer 26 - - 8½ 7 9
3 Crossover 10 3 8½ 8½ 6 15
4 Drill Collar 11 3 8½ 8½ 30 45
5 String Stabilizer 9½ 3 8½ 7⅝ 8 53
6 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 84
7 String Stabilizer 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 8 92
8 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 123

Page 43 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
10 Drill Collar (x4) 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 124 250
11 Crossover 8⅝ 3 7⅝ 7 3 253
12 HWDP (x3) 5½ 4 7 4½ 90 343
13 Jar 5⅛ 2¼ 4½ 4½ 30 373
14 HWDP (x25) 5⅛ 3¼ 4½ 4½ 750 1123
15 Drill Pipe (x40) 5 4.276 4½ 4½ 1200 2323

Page 44 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 10: BHA for Intermediate Casing
Length (ft)
1 Bit (PDC) 17 ½ - 8½ - 2 2
2 NB Stabilizer 9½ - - 8½ 7 9
3 Crossover 9½ 3 8½ 8½ 6 15
4 Drill Collar 9½ 3 8½ 8½ 30 45
5 String Stabilizer 9½ 3 8½ 7⅝ 8 53
6 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 84
8 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 123

Page 45 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
10 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 157
12 Drill Collar 9½ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 31 191
13 String Stabilizer 8 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 3 194
14 Drill Collar (x16) 8¼ 3 7⅝ 7⅝ 496 660
15 Crossover 8¼ 3 7⅝ 7 3 663
16 HWDP (x3) 7 4 7 4½ 90 753
17 Jar 5 2¼ 4½ 4½ 30 783
18 HWDP (x20) 5 3¼ 4½ 4½ 600 1383
19 centralizer - 5 - - -
Page 46 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
20 HWDP (x50) 5 3¼ 4½ 4½ 1500 2883
21 Jar (In between 5 2¼ 4½ 4½ 900 3783

HWDP & DP) (x30)
22 Drill Pipe (x100) 5 4.276 4½ 4½ 3000 6783

Page 47 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 11: BHA for Production Casing
Length (ft)
1 Bit (Insert) 12 ¼ - 6⅝ - 2 2
Reamers 12 ¼ - 6⅝ 6⅝ 47.24 49.74
2 NB Stabilizer 9½ - 6⅝ 6⅝ 7 9
3 Crossover 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 6 15
4 Drill Collar 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 30 45
5 String Stabilizer 9½ 3 6⅝ 8 53
6 Drill Collar 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 31 84
Page 48 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
8 Drill Collar 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 31 123
10 Drill Collar 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 31 157
12 Drill Collar 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 31 191
14 Drill Collar (x30) 9½ 3 6⅝ 6⅝ 960 1154
15 Crossover 8⅝ 3 6⅝ 4½ 3 1157
16 HWDP (x5) 5½ 4 4½ 4½ 150 1307
17 Jar 5⅛ 2¼ 4½ 4½ 30 1337
18 HWDP (x40) 5⅛ 3¼ 4½ 4½ 1200 2537

Page 49 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
19 Centralizer (5 joints 5⅛ 5⅛ - - -
interval)
20 HWDP (x70) 5⅛ 3¼ 4½ 4½ 2100 4637
21 Jar (In between 5⅛ 2¼ 4½ 4½ 900 5537

HWDP & DP) (x30)
22 Drill Pipe (x130) 5 4.276 4½ 4½ 3900 9437

Page 50 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 12: BHA for Liner Drilling
Length (ft)
1 Bit (Insert) 8½ - 4½ - 2 2
2 Bit Sub 6¼ 2¼ 4½ 3 4.5
3 Crossover 6¼ 2¼ 4½ 3½
4 Reamers 6 2¼ 3½ 3½ 47.24 49.74
5 Stabilizer 6 2¼ 3½ 3½ 7 9
6 Drill Collar 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 30 45
7 String Stabilizer 6 2¼ 3½ 3½ 8 53
8 Drill Collar 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 31 84
Page 51 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
10 Drill Collar 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 31 123
12 Drill Collar 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 31 157
14 Drill Collar 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 31 191
16 Drill Collar (x50) 5 2¼ 3½ 3½ 1600 1794
17 Crossover 5 2¼ 3½ 4½ 3 1797
18 HWDP (x5) 5 3 4½ 4½ 150 1308
19 Jar 5 2¼ 4½ 4½ 30 1338
Page 52 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
20 HWDP (x60) 5 2 13/16 4½ 4½ 1800 3138
21 Centralizer (5 joints - 5 - - -
interval)
22 Crossover 5 2¼ 4½ 3½ 3 3141
23 HWDP (x115) 5 3 3½ 3½ 3450 6591
24 Jar (In between 4½ 2¼ 3½ 3½ 900 7491

HWDP & DP) (x30)
25 Drill Pipe (x152) 5 4.163 4½ 4½ 4560 12021

Page 53 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER X
SURVEY AND LOGGING PROGRAM
Survey
Surveys play a critical role in drilling programs by providing essential information for
the wellbore placement, collision prevention, drilling optimization and post drilling
evaluation. It helps to ensure accurate wellbore trajectories, minimize drilling risks, enhance
reservoir productivity, and maintain wellbore integrity. Also it provides main information at
various stages of the drilling process, contributing to safe, efficient, and environmentally
responsible drilling practices.
An optimization leads to an improved drilling survey that reduces drilling time and
minimizes drilling costs. By comprehending the subsurface conditions and identifying
potential drilling challenges, survey data helps streamline drilling operations and enhance
overall efficiency.
In post drilling survey evaluation, it provides a detailed record of the wellbore’s final
trajectory and any deviations from the planned path. The information is valuable for reservoir
modeling, production optimization and future well planning. By accurately understanding the
wellbore geometry and formation characteristics, post-drilling surveys inform reservoir
development strategies and optimize production performance.
Logging Program
A logging program specifies the logging processes and tools that will be utilized to
collect data during the drilling and production phases of a well. The events in the logging
program can include system errors and other occurrences that are essential for
troubleshooting and auditing. That provides valuable insights into system performance and
usage patterns. In line with this, Table_, shows the specific logs that will be run through
different depths of Manila Bay - LHJJG.
Page 54 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 13. Logging Program To Be Used in Manila Bay -LHJJG
Logging Suites Logging Run Logging Interval
Suite 1 Run 1: 75ft-320ft

Gamma Ray-Neutron
Porosity-Density
Suite 2 Run 1: 320ft - 2,320ft

Gamma Ray-Neutron
Porosity-Density-Resistivity-Sonic
Suite 3 Run 1: 2,320ft - 6,782ft

Gamma Ray- Neutron
Run 2:
-Porosity-Density-Resistivity-Sonic
Run 3:
-CST 30 shots
Suite 4 Run 1: Deep 6,782ft - 9,435ft

laterolog-microspherical focus
Run 2:
log-bottomhhole-compensated
Run 3:
sonic log-caliper log-gamma
ray-directional permeability log
Suite 5 Run 1: 9,435ft - 12000 ft

Gamma Ray-Spontaneous potential
Run 2:
log-Neutron Porosity-Image log
Page 55 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Run 3:
Density- Resistivity-Sonic-caliper
log
Run 4:
Sidewall Core
21-points-geomechanical log
In Table 13 it illustrates the different logging run tools to be used in the different
intervals for development drilling. Suite 1 consists of gamma ray, neutron porosity and
density. A gamma ray measures the natural radioactivity of the formations around the
wellbore; it is suitable for first suite 1 as the length to be measured is not shallow. Next is
Neutron Porosity. This tool measures the porosity of the formations by measuring the
absorption of neutrons. Another tool is resistivity, it measures the electrical resistance of the
formations, which can be used to infer porosity and fluid content. The first suite is designed
for coarse-grained sedimentary formations with a substantial amount of tuffaceous material
and provides a preliminary assessment of rock density, porosity, permeability, type, natural
fracture orientation, pressure and fluid content and proportions (Satter et al,.2016).
Additionally it involves lowering a logging tool or sting of tools into the wellbore and
recording data as the tool is pulled back up to the surface.
In the second suite three runs were done to further examine and analyze the target
formation. Many different logging tools were added as it goes deeper for drilling. To
determine the petrophysical properties. With the first two runs, a sonic logging tool as it
measures the speed of sound in the formations, which can be used to infer porosity and
lithology. A second run was added to determine the basic rock and fluid properties.
Spontaneous potential log, microspherical focus log, bottomhole, compensated sonic log and
caliper log were some of the tools to constitute the presence of gas (Zagui, 2008).
Spontaneous potential logs develop the contracts between shale or clay beds that are
penetrated by a drill hole. With a microspherical focus log it measures the resistivity of the
flushed zone and delineates permeable beds. As for the compensated sonic log it analyzes the
Page 56 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
interval transit time of compressional sound waves traveling through formation. Lastly is the
caliper log where it measures and records the size or shape of a borehole over its length.
The third logging run employs a chronological sample taker, a specialized tool that
retrieves sidewall core samples by firing 30 core recovery bullets into the formation. This
technique enables the collection of valuable geological data from the wellbore walls,
providing insights into the formation’s composition, porosity and potential fluid content. The
chronological sample taker offers several advantages over conventional coring methods.
With the fourth and fifth logging run, it focuses on evaluating the formation’s
permeability and fluid flow characteristics. And it often involves the use of specialized tools
that provide detailed information about the formation’s fractures and stress distribution.
Page 57 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XI
MUD PROGRAM
In a drilling program, a mud program is a comprehensive plan that outlines the type, properties, and management of drilling mud for a
specific well. That serves as a roadmap for drilling operations, ensuring that the drilling mud effectively performs the crucial functions
throughout the drilling process. The researchers design effective mud programs for deep wells, ensuring the safe and successful drilling of the
formations.
Table 14. Summary of Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay - LHJJG
Seque Dept BML Sectio Pipe Dimensions Actual Casing Dimensions Casing Actual Bit Hole Actual
nce of h (ft) n Pipe Capacit Casing Siz Capacit Hole
Drillin Limi Interv Capacit y (bbl/ft) Capaci e y Capaci
OD ID Pipe OD ID Thic
g t (ft) al y ty (bbl) (in) (bbl/ft) ty
(in) (in) Capaci (in) (in) kness
(ft)
ty
(bbl/ft)
1st 320 245 245 5 4.27 0.025 4.351683 30” 29” 0.5 0.816980 200.16 36 1.25898 308.451
Page 58 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Section 6 622 7655 02875 5817 5252
2nd 2,32 2,245 2000 39.87563 20” 19.1 0.425 0.356248 799.77 26 0.65669 1474.27
Section 0 155 5” 7857 85239 32194 6277
3rd 6,78 6,707 3,218 3. 3.06 0.009 119. 13 12.6 0.375 0.154838 1038.5 17. 0.29750 1995.35
Section 2 1/2 8 1295594 ⅜” 25’’ 3767 00993 5 34 5304
4th 9,43 9,360 6,142 166.2520 9 8.92 0.352 0.073112 723.63 12. 0.14577 1364.46
Section 5 763 ⅝” 1” 891 3666 25 6666 9594
5th 12,0 11,92 5,783 211. 8” 7.45 0.275 0.053917 642.96 8.5 0.07018 836.974
Section 00 5 8115395 ” 33048 4166 651642 2083
Table 15. Computation Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay - LHJJG
1st Section (𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝐼𝐷)

2
Actual Pipe Capacity (bbl) = 1029.4
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(4.276)
* 245 = 4.351683622
Page 59 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
(𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝐷)
Casing Capacity (bbl/ft) = 1029.4
2
(29)
= 0.8169807655
2
Actual Casing Capacity (bbl) = 1029.4
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(29)
* 245 = 200.1602875
2
(𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒)
Hole Capacity (bbl/ft) = 1029.4
2
(36)
= 1.258985817
Page 60 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
Actual Hole Capacity (bbl) = 1029.4
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(36)
* 245=308.4515252
2nd Section (𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝐼𝐷)

2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(4.276)
* 2, 245 = 39.87563155
2
2
(19.15)
= 0.3562487857
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
Page 61 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
(19.15)
* 2, 245 = 799.7785239
2
2
(26)
= 0.6566932194
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(26)
* 2, 245= 1474.276277
3rd Section (𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝐼𝐷)

2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(4.276)
* 6707 = 119.1295594
2
Page 62 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
(12.625)
= 0.1548383767
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(12.625)
* 6, 707 = 1038.500993
2
2
(17.5)
= 0.2975034
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(17.5)
* 6707= 1995.355304
Page 63 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
4th Section (𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝐼𝐷)

2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(4.276)
* 9, 360 = 166.2520763
2
2
(8.921)
= 0.073112891
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(8.921)
* 9360 = 723.633666
2
2
(12.25)
= 0.145776666
Page 64 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(12.25)
* 2, 245= 1364.469594
5th Section (𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝐼𝐷)

2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(4.276)
* 11, 925 = 211.8115395
2
2
(7.45)
= 0.05391733048
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
Page 65 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
2
(8.921)
* 11925 = 642.964166
2
2
(8.5)
= 0.07018651642
2
* 𝐵𝑀𝐿
2
(8.5)
* 11925= 836.9742083
Page 66 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XII
CEMENTING PROGRAM
In terms of the determination of the amount of cement required for each depth
interval, the calculation was divided into five (5) sections corresponding to the casing strings.
The Class E cement with a density of 16.45 lb/gal was used throughout the well cementing.
This is due to the reason that the depth of the Manila Bay - LHJJG is 12,000 ft and based on
the API standard for cement classes, Class E is intended for use from 10,000 ft up to 14,000
ft, hence, it is ideal to be utilized. With this, necessary data for the cementing program is
shown and calculated below.
Table 16. Cementing Calculations for Conductor Casing
Conductor Casing
Hole Size 36 in (3 ft) Depth 320 ft
Drill Bit 36 in OD 30 in (2.5 ft)
Casing Size 30 in (2.5 ft) ID 29 in (2.4167 ft)
2 2
𝑂𝐷 30
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1029.4
= 1029.4
= 0. 8742957062 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔:

= 0. 8742957062 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡 (9435 𝑓𝑡 − 6, 782 𝑓𝑡 − 2, 320 𝑓𝑡)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 291.1404702 bbl
2 2
ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 −(𝑂𝐷)𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = ( 1029.4
)(𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ)
2 2
36 −30
)(9435 𝑓𝑡 − 6, 782 𝑓𝑡 − 2, 320 𝑓𝑡)
3 0.1781 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 128. 1018069 𝑓𝑡 ( 3 )
1 𝑓𝑡
Page 67 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 22. 81493181 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ≈ 22. 8149 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = (𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒) (0. 15) + 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ( 128. 1018069 𝑏𝑏𝑙) (0. 15) + 128. 1018069 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 + 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 147. 3170779 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ≈ 147. 3171 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 2: 3

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 147. 3170779 (0. 40)
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 58. 92683117 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 147. 3170779 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 60)

42 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 88. 39024674 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ( 1 𝑏𝑏𝑙
)
1 1
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 3712. 390363 𝑔𝑎𝑙 ( 𝑔𝑎𝑙 )( 𝑙𝑏 )
0.0382 𝑙𝑏
94 𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑠
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 1033. 861636 𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑠 ≈ 1034 sacks
Table 17. Cementing Calculations for Surface Casing
Surface Casing
Hole Size 26 in (2.1667 ft) Depth 2320 ft
Drill Bit 26 in (2.1667 ft) OD 20 in (1.6667 ft)
Casing Size 20 in (1.6667 ft) ID 19.15 in (1.5958 ft)
2 2
𝑂𝐷 20
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1029.4
= 1029.4
= 0. 3885758694 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔:

= 0. 3885758694 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡 (2320 𝑓𝑡)
Page 68 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 901.4960171 bbl
2 2
ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 −(𝑂𝐷)𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔
)(𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ)
2 2
26 −20
)(2320 𝑓𝑡)
3 0.1781 𝑏𝑏𝑙
1 𝑓𝑡

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ( 110. 783944 𝑏𝑏𝑙) (0. 15) + 110. 783944 𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 127. 4015356 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 40)
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 50. 96061424 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 127. 4015356 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 60)

42 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 76. 44092136 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ( 1 𝑏𝑏𝑙
)
1 1
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 3210. 518697 𝑔𝑎𝑙 ( 𝑔𝑎𝑙 )( 𝑙𝑏 )
0.0382 𝑙𝑏
Table 18. Cementing Calculations for Intermediate Casing
Intermediate Casing
Hole Size 17 ½ in (1.4583 ft) Depth 6782 ft
Drill Bit 17 ½ in OD 13 ⅜ in (1.1146 ft)

Page 69 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Casing Size 13 ⅜ in (1.1146 ft) ID 12.625 in (1.0521 ft)
2 2
𝑂𝐷 13.375
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1029.4
= 1029.4
= 0. 1737814504 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔:

= 0. 1737814504 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡 (6782 𝑓𝑡)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1178.585796 bbl
2 2
ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 −𝑂𝐷
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 1029.4
(𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡))
2 2
17.5 −13.375
(6782 𝑓𝑡)
3 0.1781 𝑏𝑏𝑙
1 𝑓𝑡

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = (149. 440551 𝑏𝑏𝑙) (0. 15) + 149. 440551 𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 171. 8566336 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 40)
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 68. 74265346 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ≈ 68. 7427 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 171. 8566336 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 60)

42 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 103. 1139802 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ( 1 𝑏𝑏𝑙
)
1 1
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 4330. 787167 𝑔𝑎𝑙 ( 𝑔𝑎𝑙 )( 𝑙𝑏 )
0.0382 𝑙𝑏

Page 70 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 19. Cementing Calculations for Production Liner
Production Liner
Hole Size 13 ⅜ in (1.1146 ft) Depth 9435 ft
Drill Bit 13 ⅜ in OD 9 ⅝ in (0.8021 ft)
Casing Size 9 ⅝ in (0.8021 ft) ID 8.921 in (0.7434 ft)
2 2
𝑂𝐷 9.625
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 = 1029.4
= 1029.4
= 0. 08999477851 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟:

= 0. 08999477851 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑓𝑡 (9435 𝑓𝑡)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 = 849. 1007353 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ≈ 849.1007 bbl
2
ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒−𝑂𝐷
(𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡)
2 2
13.375 −9.625
(9435 𝑓𝑡)
3 0.1781 𝑏𝑏𝑙
1 𝑓𝑡

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ( 140. 792903 𝑏𝑏𝑙) (0. 15) + 140. 792903 𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 161. 91183851 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 40)
Page 71 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 64. 76473538 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 161. 91183851 𝑏𝑏𝑙 (0. 60)

42 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 97. 14710311 𝑏𝑏𝑙 ( 1 𝑏𝑏𝑙
)
1 1
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 4080. 17833 𝑔𝑎𝑙 ( 𝑔𝑎𝑙 )( 𝑙𝑏 )
0.0382 𝑙𝑏
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 :

291. 1404702 𝑏𝑏𝑙 + 901. 4960171 𝑏𝑏𝑙 + 1178. 585796 𝑏𝑏𝑙 + 849. 1007353 𝑏𝑏𝑙
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 3220.323019 bbl
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 1034 + 895 + 1207 + 1137 = 4273 sacks
Casing Design
A critical component of drilling program and operation in the oil and gas industry. It
involves selecting the appropriate type, size and grades of casing strings to ensure the safe
and effective drilling and completion of a well. Casing serves vital purposes in ensuring the
safe, efficient and environmentally responsible exploration and production of hydrocarbons.
Properly designed casing strings provide several essential functions. Considering the various
factors involved and selecting appropriate casing materials and design parameters. It can
ensure that wells are constructed to withstand the anticipated stresses and loads, protecting
the environment, personnel, and equipment investments
The final hole/ casing sizes (Fig. 20) used from the surface to the bottom are: 36” 30”,
26” 20” , 17 ½” 13 ⅜”, 12 ¼” 9 ⅝”, 8 ½” 7”. The casing grades that will be used are:
Page 72 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Table 20. Summary of Casing Design
Casing Type Depth (ft) Hole Casing Casing Grades
Conductor 75 ft - 320 ft 36” 30” J55

Casing
Surface Casing 320 ft - 2,320ft 26” 20” J55
Intermediate 2,320 ft - 6,782ft 17 ½” 13 ⅜” L80

Casing
Production 6,782 ft- 9,435ft 12 ¼” 9 ⅝” L80

Casing
Liner 9,435 ft - 12,000ft 8 ½” 8” L80

Page 73 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Figure 21. Casing Design of Manila Bay - LHJJG

Page 74 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
● Conductor Casing
Conductor casing is the initial and most substantial casing string installed in a
well. It is typically positioned 50 to 150 feet below the ground’s surface and cemented
in place. Conductor casing serves a number of critical functions. It forms an
indispensable element of well construction, safeguarding the well’s ability and
integrity throughout its operational life. In its absence. Wells face the peril of collapse,
groundwater contamination, and uncontrolled eruptions.
● Surface Casing
It is the second casing string installed in a well, typically set after the
conductor casing. It is usually cemented in place and extends to a depth of 300 to
1,000 feet below the ground surface. Surface casing serves several important
purposes. The wells would be at risk of groundwater contamination and blowouts if it
is not present
● Intermediate Casing
The intermediate casing contributes to the successful operation of wells
throughout the lifespan. It ensures the safety, integrity and productivity of oil and gas
wells. It supports the borehole instability, isolating problematic zones and managing
the drilling fluid density.
● Production Casing
Second to the last is the production casing. It ensures the efficient, safe and
environmentally responsible production of hydrocarbons from oil and gas wells.
Isolating the producing zones, containing formation pressures and optimizing the well
design. Likewise it contributes to the sustainable operation and long-term productivity
of wells.
● Liner
The liner contributes to the successful and sustainable operation of oil and gas
wells. It acts as the last stand to the other casing. As it strengthens the wellbore and
protects the corrosion. Also it enhances the well flexibility and optimizes the well
design that plays a versatile and critical role in oil and gas well construction.
Page 75 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XIII
WELL TESTING AND COMPLETION
The only way for a hydrocarbon to reach the surface is through the wellbore.
Moreover, for a successful production and depletion of a reservoir, it is greatly dependent on
carefully designed well completion. Well completion encompasses the processes and
procedures employed to prepare a drilled wellbore for hydrocarbon production or injection
purposes. Well completion extends from casing to running tubing, perforating, and well
testing. For the well completion and well testing in Manila Bay - LHJJG well: casing are
designed for every equivalent depth, right tubing and liner size are picked for optimum
production, and depth for perforations are systematic.
Well testing is a crucial step in the drilling program, providing valuable information
about the well's potential productivity, reservoir characteristics, and fluid properties. It
involves flowing the well at controlled rates and measuring various parameters, such as
pressure, flow rate, and fluid composition. Primary objectives of well testing are to: estimate
reservoir productivity, evaluate reservoir properties, and optimize production strategy. After
cements from the casing of the well settled, several tests such as drawdown test, production
test, and interference test are performed in order to assess the success of the drilling program.
Page 76 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XIV
BOP PROGRAM
Blowouts, the eruption of fluids from a wellbore, pose significant risks to both
humans and the environment. The uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons can ignite fires,
pollute waterways, and cause severe damage to surrounding areas. In line with this problem,
A blowout preventer (BOP) is a specialized valve or similar mechanical device that is used to
seal, control, and monitor oil and gas wells in order to prevent blowouts, which are the
uncontrolled releases of crude oil or natural gas from a well. They are typically stacked with
other valves. Blowout preventers were created to deal with the excessive unpredictable
pressures and uncontrolled flow (formation kick) emitted by a well reservoir during drilling.
A blowout is a potentially disastrous event caused by kicks.
Furthermore, in the dynamic and demanding world of oil and gas drilling, safety
remains paramount. Among the array of safety equipment employed, annular preventers
(APs) stand out as unsung heroes, silently safeguarding against the potential catastrophe of a
blowout. Annular preventers, also known as bag preventers or spherical preventers, are the
most adaptable well control equipment. The annular preventers can seal around various sizes
of drill pipe/drill collar, work string, wireline, tubing, and so on. Moreover, Manila Bay-
LHJJG is an offshore drilling activity which may have unique challenges that necessitate the
use of specialized blowout prevention (BOP) equipment under the annular preventer called
hydril GK annular preventer.
The Hydril GK Annular Preventer (AP) is a versatile and dependable blowout
preventer that is commonly used in offshore drilling operations. It is intended to seal the
annulus, which is the gap between the casing and the drill pipe, preventing uncontrolled fluid
releases known as blowouts. The Hydril GK AP is well-known for its tough design,
performance in a variety of wellbore conditions, and ease of maintenance. It is built with
high-quality materials and a strong structure to resist the harsh circumstances of offshore
drilling. It is built to withstand high pressures, high temperatures, and corrosive conditions.
Page 77 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XV
DRILLING SCHEDULE
This paper also considered the estimated drilling schedule. Figure 22 demonstrates the
summary of the drilling time estimated during the drilling operation of a Manila Bay - LHJJG
well at the Manila Bay Field.
Figure 22. Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Time Estimate
The table 19 represents the summary of the procedures to be performed for the
drilling operation of the Manila Bay - LHJJG in the Manila Bay field. Specifically, each well
section will be drilled for a total of 6 days. The number of days necessary for each procedure
of setting the casing design includes other parts of the Manila Bay - LHJJG process. The
casing will be set from the surface of the hole to a depth of thirty (30) feet prior to the drilling
depth. This is exactly where the casing shoe was. The number of days specified will be equal
to the period required for overall casing tripping and cementing. The cementing procedure
will be determined by the cementing program designed for the Manila Bay - LHJJG. Aside
Page 78 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
from that, the logging process will be based on the logging program designed for the Manila
Bay - LHJJG project.
Table 21. Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Operation
Depth (ft) No. of Days Procedures
0-320 3 Drill 36'' hole
0-290 4 Set 30'' casing
320-2320 4 Drill 26'' hole
0-2290 4 Set 20'' casing
2320-6782 8 Drill 17 1/2'' hole
0-6752 8 Set 13 3/8 casing
6782-9435 8 Drill 12 1/4'' hole
Log 12 1/4'' hole and set 9

0-9405 8 5/8'' casing
9435-12000 8 Drill 8 1/2'' hole
Log 8 1/2'' hole (TD) and set

0-11950 8 8’’ liner @9000 ft
Page 79 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XVI
SAFETY AND RISKS ASSESSMENTS
Identifying potential hazards, assessing the risks associated with those hazards, and
developing mitigation measures to reduce the likelihood and severity of accidents and
incidents are some of the practices needed to be administered in the drilling program. By
conducting safety and risk assessments, drilling companies can help to create a safer
environment and protect the employees, the environment and their assets. Different seminars
and training assessments are used to identify different hazards. Failure mode and effects
analysis and Quantitative risk assessment are some of the examples used to associate with
safety and health analysis. All personnels provide training and safety procedures and conduct
regular safety inspections and mandatory use of personal protective equipment for daily
operations in the field. By taking these steps, drilling companies can help to create a safer
work environment and reduce the probable accidents and incidents.
Page 80 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
CHAPTER XVII
AUTHORIZED AND FIELD EXPENDITURE
Calculating the cost of generating a single meter of drilling will help you evaluate the
effectiveness of the drilling expenditures and make future cost estimates. To comprehend the
operating context to the full exploration program spend, A comparative analysis is developed
to determine the meters drilled and meters planned, then extrapolate the current cost per
meter against the scheduled meters to predict the overall drilling spend and the project
budget. With proper calculation and budgeting, a drilling program can be incurred in the field
and be approved by the drilling contractor or operator. Tracking these costs, drilling
contractors and operators can identify areas where it can save money. And can also use the
information to improve the efficiency of the drilling program.
Page 81 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
REFERENCES:
Bachman, S. B., Lewis, S. D., & Schweller, W. J. (1983). Evolution of a forearc basin, Luzon
Central Valley, Philippines. AAPG Bulletin.
https://doi.org/10.1306/03b5b718-16d1-11d7-8645000102c1865d
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. (n.d.). COUNTRY REPORT : UPDATE ON THE SHALE
BASIN MAPS [Slide show]. adobe acrobat.
G.L. Zhang, L.H. Chen, M.G. Jackson, A.W. Hofmann: Evolution of carbonated melt to
alkali basalt in the South China Sea:
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004506
Lallemand, Serge,. (2016): Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution and consumption with
emphasis on the early stages of Izu- Bonin- Mariana subduction:
https://progearthplanetsci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40645-016-0085-6
Fossil Fuel Energy – Energy Portal. (n.d.).
https://asepcells.ph/energyportal/fossil-fuel-energy/
HOW TO GET FROM batangas to Central Luzon BY BUS, TAXI OR CAR. (203 C.E.).
Rome2Rio. Retrieved November 23, 2023, from
https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Batangas/Central-Luzon
Ishizuka, O., Hashimoto, T., & Yoshikawa, S. (2004). Neogene lacustrine facies and
paleogeography of the Central Luzon Basin, Philippines. Journal of Asian Earth
Sciences, 23(4), 535-548.
Philippine Fossil Sites – Nannoworks Laboratory. (n.d.).
https://nannoworks.upd.edu.ph/philippine-fossil-sites/
Philippine natural Gas: industry overview. (n.d.). PDF.
https://www.slideshare.net/capmanconsult/philippine-natural-gas-industry-overview-5
5120829
PetroWiki. (2019, November 5). Well test - PetroWiki. PetroWiki.
https://petrowiki.spe.org/Well_test
Rillera, F. G.; Durkee, E. F. (1996). HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF MANILA BAY AND
ADJACENT AREAS. The APPEA Journal, 36(1), 293–. doi:10.1071/aj95017
Page 82 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
Saldivar-Sali, A., Harrison, J., Flower, L., & Madrid, A. P. (1986). Analysis of petroleum
potential of Philippine sedimentary basins. In Bureau of Energy Development,
Manila, Philippines. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5203098
Sato, K., & Taguchi, Y. (2007). Seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Central Luzon
Basin, Philippines. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25(3), 299-317.
Soria, J. et al. (2006). Compaction Rate and Paleo Sea Levels Along the Delta Complex
North of Manila Bay, Luzon Island Philippines. Research Gate. Retrieved November
10, 2023 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293108226_Compaction_rates_and_paleo-s
ea_levels_along_the_delta_complex_north_of_Manila_Bay_Luzon_Island_Philippine
s
Taniguch, M. (2004).
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-c
ontent/uploads/2020/09/5a6354ad93a48cde708e5024fa20b560.pdf. APN Project
2004-16NSY-Taniguchi, 2004-16NSY.
Yumul, G. P., & Yokoyama, Y. (2006). Seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis of the
Malampaya Field, West Palawan Basin, Philippines: Implications for hydrocarbon
exploration. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23(1), 25-39.
Yumul, G. P., & Yokoyama, Y. (2008). Seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis of the
Kalayaan Basin, West Palawan, Philippines. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25(1),
49-63.
Zeng B, Lu Z, Yang T, Shi Y, Guo H, Wang X, Liao F, Li M. Hydrocarbon Generation
History of the Eocene Source Rocks in the Fushan Depression, South China Sea:
Insights from a Basin Modeling Study. Processes. 2023; 11(7):2051.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072051
Zhang G, W.Zhu , L.Gao. (2008). Geological Characteristics and exploration objectives of
hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279574926_Geological_characteristics_and
Page 83 of 83
DRILLING PROGRAM
November 2023
_exploration_objectives_of_hydrocarbons_in_the_northern_continental_margin_basi
n_of_South_China_Sea

Pete 4105 Group 6 Central Luzon Basin Drilling Program

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pete 4105 Group 6 Central Luzon Basin Drilling Program

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Central Luzon Central Luzon Philippines

Drilling Hans Christian L.

X. SURVEY AND LOGGING PROGRAM 53

Figure No. Figure Name Page

1 Central Luzon Basin Geologic Setting 5

2 Central Luzon Basin 6

(A) Major Geological Structures of Central Luzon Basin

4 Stratigraphic Column of Central Luzon Basin 11

5 Schematic Play of Central Luzon Basin 12

6 Early History of Central Luzon Basin 15

7 The Philippine Fault System 17

8 Digdif-Dingalan Fault System 18

9 Marikina Valley Fault System 19

10 Central Luzon Volcanic Arc 20

11 Seismic Reflection Data 21

12 Philippine Fault Zone Seismic Survey 23

13 Seismic Coverage in the Central Luzon Basin as of 2001 24

14 Central Luzon Well Location Map 29

15 Exploratory Wells Drilled in Central Luzon Basin (1950-1990) 30

16 Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well 33

Location of Manila Bay - LHJJG along with Manila Bay

18 Manila Bay Stratigraphy 35

19 Manila Bay - LHJJG Oil Well 36

20 Casing and Hole Size Selection Chart 38

21 Casing Design of Manila Bay 73

22 Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Time Estimate 77

Table No. Table Name Page

1 Mode of Transportation by Bus 7

2 Mode of Transportation by Private Car 8

3 Mode of Transportation by Taxi 9

4 Well Profile of Manila Bay 36

5 Well Data of Manila Bay- LHJJG 37

Amount of Pressure in Each Drilling Section of Manila Bay -

7 Bit Sizes for Manila Bay 39

8 Bit Types To Be Used in Manila Bay 39

9 BHA for Surface Casing Drilling 42

10 BHA for Intermediate Casing 44

11 BHA for Production Casing 47

12 BHA for Liner Drilling 50

13 Logging Program To Be Used in Manila Bay 54

Summary of Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay -

Computation Parameters Used for Mud Program of Manila Bay -

16 Cementing Calculations for Conductor Casing 66

17 Cementing Calculations for Surface Casing 67

18 Cementing Calculations for Intermediate Casing 68

19 Cementing Calculations for Production Liner 70

20 Summary of Casing Design 72

21 Manila Bay - LHJJG Drilling Operation 78

The Philippines is a promising area for petroleum exploration development

Figure 1: Central Luzon Basin Geologic Setting

Figure 2. Central Luzon Basin

Table 1. Mode of Transportation by Bus

ROUTE MODE OF TIME OF COST

BSU Alangilan - Jeep 10 minutes PHP 10 - PHP 12

Batangas Grand Bus 2 - 5 hours PHP 160 - PHP

TOTAL 5 hours and PHP 170 - PHP

Table 2. Mode of Transportation by Private Car

ROUTE MODE OF TIME OF COST

BSU Alangilan - Jeep 2 - 3 hours PHP500 - PHP

TOTAL 2 - 3 hours PHP500 - PHP

Table 3. Mode of Transportation by Taxi

ROUTE MODE OF TIME OF COST

BSU Alangilan - Jeep 10 minutes PHP 10 - PHP 12