Anna University Regional Campus

Coimbatore

Fire Alarm detector with BC547 transistor

Submitted by-
Soundarya.S – 710022106021
Grija.G – 710022106036
Kamalisubasri.R - 710022106035

Abstract:
 In this project our objective is to design
a simple and inexpensive fire alarm circuit by
using a transistor BC547 and an IR receiver
sensor. The fire circuit alert through buzzer sound
whenever any kind of fire detected in the air or an
environment.

Introduction:
In this project we have designed a
Simple and inexpensive fire alarm circuit by using
a transistor BC547 and an IR receiver sensor. This
fire circuit alert through buzzer sound whenever
any kind of fire detected in the air or an
environment. It can detect any kind of fire such as
radiation, heat, etc. Depending on the types of
sensor that matches an application is selected. An
Infrared light sensor, on the contrary, is sensitive
and very easy to use.

Components required:
BC547 Transistor(NPN)
 Infrared Receiver LED
220-ohm Resistor
Led
DC Buzzer
5 volt DC supply or 9 volt battery
Breadboard

Circuit diagram:

Design approach:
1. Connect the base of the BC547 NPN transistor
to the infrared receiver LED through a 220-ohm
resistor.
2. Connect the collector of the BC547 transistor to
the positive terminal of the 5V DC supply.
3. Connect the emitter of the BC547 transistor to
the anode of the alarm LED.
4. Connect the cathode of the alarm LED to the
collector of the BC547 transistor.
5. Connect the positive terminal of the alarm
buzzer to the collector of the BC547 transistor.
6. Connect the negative terminal of the alarm
buzzer to the ground of the 5V DC supply.

Make sure to connect the ground of the infrared

receiver LED to the ground of the 5V DC supply.
Also, connect the anode of the infrared receiver
LED to the 5V DC supply.
This basic circuit should trigger the alarm LED
and buzzer when the infrared receiver LED detects
a fire.

Working:
* In this alarm circuit, we have used an infrared
detector LED. The infrared emitted from the
fire is detected by the infrared LED and
voltage across the infrared led changed.
* The anode of the infrared LED is connected
with the base of the BC547 NPN transistor.
* Due to the positive pulse in the base, the
transistor turns on and current can flow in
through buzzer-collector-emitter.
* If there is no fire the no positive pulse fed to
the transistor remains in off mode. So that time
current cannot flow through the buzzer.

Addition of automatic exhaust system:

 * The exhaust system should be taken into
consideration with the fire alarm system.
* When the system detects fire, the motor will
rotate the blades of the exhaust fan. Since, it is
connected parallel to the buzzer.
* This is necessary as this would allow the
system to evacuate the heat and smoke from
the fire.
* The exhaust system will significantly reduce
the number of casualties from suffocation.
Hence, it can act as a life saver.

Applications:
A fire alarm detector system is crucial for various
settings to ensure early detection and response to
potential fires. Common applications include:
1. Residential Buildings: Protecting homes by detecting
smoke or heat, providing early warnings to residents.
2. Commercial Establishments: Safeguarding offices,
retail spaces, and warehouses against fire hazards to
protect people and assets.
3. Industrial Facilities: Monitoring manufacturing plants
and warehouses where fire risks may be higher due to
machinery or stored materials.
4. Educational Institutions: Enhancing safety in schools
and universities to protect students, faculty, and
facilities.
5. Healthcare Facilities: Ensuring patient safety in
hospitals and clinics by quickly detecting and alerting
staff to potential fire threats.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, fire alarm detector systems play a
crucial role in safeguarding various environments,
including residential, commercial, industrial, etc. These
systems provide early detection of potential fire
hazards, allowing for swift response measures to protect
lives, property, and critical assets. The diverse
applications highlight the importance of implementing
reliable and efficient fire alarm solutions tailored to
specific settings and safety requirements. The addition
of exhaust system will significantly increase the
efficiency of the fire alarm.
Thank You