Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg

DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr

Tgkplftgs
Drmmp Cmbt
Drmmp Cmbtrmllg
rmllgd
d Cmb
Cmbvg
vgrtgr,
rtgr, Sybc
Sybcnrmb
nrmbvg
vgrtgr,
rtgr, Yhrtufl Sybc
Sybcnrmb
nrmbmus
mus
Kfcnhbg
 Qu`lhsngr5
DHjSHLGBT Jk`N
Nghbrhcn-Ngrtz-StrfÝg 8
:0>61 Jmkfrhbjgb / Jgrkfby
Tgl.5 +48 (1) :1:0-869>-1
Ifx5 +48 (1) :1:0-869>->>
hbimAdhjshlgbt.dg

Qlgfsg vhsht mur nmkgpfjg ft5

nttps5//www.dhjshlgbt.dg

Cmpyrhjnt © 0106 DHjSHLGBT Jk`N

Fll rhjnts rgsgrvgd.
rgsgrvgd. Bm pfrt mi tnhs
pu`lhcfthmb kfy `g rgprmducgd mr
dhstrh`utgd hb fby imrk whtnmut wrhttgb
pgrkhsshmb mi DHjSHLGBT Jk`N.

Efbufry 09, 0106

QmwgrIfctmry 0106
Pgvhshmb 0
Cmbtgbts

Cmbtgbts

6 Hbtrmd
Hbtrmduct
ucthmb
hmb 6

0 Jgbgrf
Jgbgrfll Dgs
Dgscrh
crhpth
pthmb
mb 0

0.6 Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus

Sybcnrmbmus Kfcnhbg
Kfcnhbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

0.0 Sybcnr
Sybcnrmb
mbvg
vgrtgr
rtgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

0.3 Drmmp
Drmmp Cmbtrm
Cmbtrmll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

0.4 Yhrtufl
Yhrtufl Hkpgdf
Hkpgdfbcg
bcg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

0.7 Mutput
Mutput Ymltfj
Ymltfjg
g Cflcul
Cflculfthmb
fthmb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 PKS-Sh
PKS-Shkul
kulfth
fthmb
mb 7

3.6 Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus

Sybcnrmbmus Kfcnhbg
Kfcnhbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.0 Sybcnr
Sybcnrmb
mbvg
vgrtgr
rtgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3 Drmmp
Drmmp Cmbtrm
Cmbtrmll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.4 Yhrtufl
Yhrtufl Hkpgdf
Hkpgdfbcg
bcg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.7 Mutput
Mutput Ymltfj
Ymltfjg
g Cflcul
Cflculfthmb
fthmb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 GKT-Shk
GKT-Shkulfthm
ulfthmb
b :

4.6 Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus

Sybcnrmbmus Kfcnhbg
Kfcnhbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

4.0 Sybcnr
Sybcnrmb
mbvg
vgrtgr
rtgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

4.3 Drmmp
Drmmp Cmbtrm
Cmbtrmll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

4.4 Yhrtufl
Yhrtufl Hkpgdf
Hkpgdfbcg
bcg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

4.7 Mutput
Mutput Ymltfj
Ymltfjg
g Cflcul
Cflculfthmb
fthmb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

7 Pgig
Pgigrg
rgbc
bcgs
gs >

Lhst mi Ihjurgs 8

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg h
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
6 Hb
Hbtrm
trmdu
duct
cthm
hmb
b

6 Hbtr
Hbtrmd
mduc
ucth
thmb
mb

Jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrmllgrs nfvg `ggb hbtrmducgd tm gbnfbcg tng stf`hlhty mi pmwgr systgks whtn f
lfrjg snfrg mi jgbgrftmrs
jgbgrftmrs tnft frg hbtgrifcgd
hbtgrifcgd vhf pmwgr
pmwgr glgctr
glgctrmbhc
mbhc cmbvgrtgrs.
cmbvgrtgrs. Wsufl
Wsuflly
ly vmltfjg-
smurcgd
smurcg d cmbvgrtgrs (YSC) frg usgd fs jrhd hbtgri
hbtgrifcg
fcg mi tnmsg jgbgrf
jgbgrfthbj
thbj ubhts. YSC nfvg trf-
dhthmbflly `ggb gquhppgd whtn ifst currgbt cmbtrmllgrs hb tng hbbgr cmbtrml lmmp, wnhcn kfog tng
cmbvgrtgrs
cmbv grtgrs `gnfvg shkhlfr
shkhlfr tm f cmbtrmllgd
cmbtrmllgd currgbt smurcg
smurcg.. Tnhs currgbt smurcg `gnfvhmur
`gnfvhmur cfb
cfusg stf`hlhty hssugs hb wgfo jrhds mr jrhds whtn f nhjn pgbgtrfthmb mi pmwgr glgctrmbhc hbtgr-
ifcgd
ifcgd jgbgrftmrs
jgbgrftmrs.. Jrhd-imrkhbj
Jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrmll
cmbtrmllgrs
grs gbf`lg vmltfjg smurcg `gnfvhmur
`gnfvhmur whtn hbgrthf hb tng
vmltfjg fbjlg tm mvgrcmkg tng hssugs.

Tnhs dmcukgbt dgscrh`gs tnrgg cmkkmb cmbtrmllgr typgs, wnhcn frg hkplgkgbtgd fs DSL kmd-
gls fbd prmvhdgd fs tgkplftgs hb tng DHjSHLGBT lh`rfry5

• tng Yhrtufl Sybcnr

Sybcnrmbmus
mbmus Kfcnhbg
Kfcnhbg (YSK) (sgg Sgcthmb 0.6),
0.6),

• tng Sybcn
Sybcnrmbv
rmbvgrtgr
grtgr (sgg Sgcthmb 0.0) fbd

• drmmp cmb
cmbtrml
trml (sgg Sgcthmb
Sgcthmb 0.3)
0.3)..

Jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrmllgrs cfb `g usgd hb cmk`hbfthmb whtn f vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg wnhcn hkprmvgs

tn
tng
g dfkp
dfkphb
vhrtufl hbj
j fb
fbd
hkpgdfbcdgfllm
hkpgdfbcg flhs
lmws
ws imr curr
cuhb
mutlhbgd rrgb
gbt
t lhkh
lhkhth
Sgcth
Sgcthmbthbj
mb bj hb. tng
0.4
0.4. tn
Hbgfddhthmb,
gvgb
gvgbtt mi tng
snmrt
snmrt-c
-chr
hrcu
`lmcocuht
hts
imrsmutput
_0[ _4[. vmltfjg
Tng fljg`r
fljg`rfhc
fhc typ
typg
cflculfthmbg
hbcludgs iurtngr iubcthmbflhty imr currgbt lhkhtfthmb (sgg Sgcthmb 0.7).0.7 ). Tng jrhd-im
jrhd-imrkhbj
rkhbj cmbvgrtgr
cmbtrmls hbtrmducgd hb tng dgscrh`gd kmdgl tgkplftgs frg dgshjbgd tm bmt cmbtfhb iurtngr hbbgr
lmmp cmbtrmls. Tngrgimrg fby iurtngr pmssh`lg hbbgr lmmp cmbtrmls, wnhcn frg ubdgr hbvgsthjfthmb
`y fcfdgkhf, fbd wnhcn cfb `g usgd imr iurtngr currgbt lhkhtfthmb, frg bmt pfrt mi tng dgscrh`gd
kmdgls.. Bmtg tnft tngrg hs currgbtly bm kgfbs mi currgbt lhkhtfthmb hb lmwgr-lg
kmdgls lmwgr-lgvglvgl cmbtrmls
cmbtrmls (sucn
fs currgbt clhpphbj) hkplgkgbtgd hb tng kmdgls.

Tng dmcukgbt hs structurgd fs imllmws5 Hb Sgc. 0 tng tngmry `gnhbd tng jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrmllgr
typgs
typgs hs glf`mr
glf`mrftg
ftgd
d fbd tng stru
structu
cturg
rg mi tng DSL kmd
kmdgls
gls hs dgp
dgphct
hctgd.
gd. Sgc
Sgc.. 3 fbd 4 dhscuss
pfrthculfrhthgs mi PKS- fbd GKT-Shkulfthmbs, rgspgcthvgly.

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 6
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
0 Jgbgrf
Jgbgrfll Dgscrhp
Dgscrhpthm
thmb
b

0 Jgb
Jgbgrf
grfll Dgs
Dgscrh
crhpth
pthmb
mb

0.6 Yhrtufl Sybc

Sybcnrm
nrmbmus
bmus Kfc
Kfcnhbg
nhbg

Tng cmkpmshtg kmdgl mi tng Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus Kfcnhbg (YSK) hs snmwb hb Ihj. 0.6. Ht cmk-
prhsgs tng currgbt
currgbt fbd vmltfjg
vmltfjg kgfsurgkgbt,
kgfsurgkgbt, tng pmw
pmwgrgr cflcu
cflculfthmb
lfthmb,, tng jrhd-imrkhbj
jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtr
cmbtrmllgr
mllgr
(whtn tng fctufl YSK), tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg, tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg cmbtrml, tng vmltfjg cmb-
trmllgr, tng mutput vmltfjg cflculfthmb fbd f slmt imr f stfthc jgbgrftmr, wnhcn hs tng cmbtrmllgd
bgtwmro
bgtwm ro glgkgbt. Tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg hs cmvgrgd hb Sgc. 0.4.
Tng fcthvg fbd rgfcthvg pmwgr frg cflculftgd fs imllmws5

pkgf ; u r hr + uh hh , (6)
qkgf ; u h hr ∐ ur hh . (0)

Bmtg tnft mbly tng pmshthvg sgqugbcg hs cmbshdgrgd hb PKS-shkulfthmbs.

Tng YSK hs f typg mi jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrml tnft gkulftgs tng kgcnfbhcfl pfrt mi f sybcnrmbmus
kfcnhbg,
kfcnh bg, wnhcn hs flsm rgigrrgd tm fs tng swh
swhbj
bj gqufthmb. F YSK cfb `g rgprgs
rgprgsgbtgd
gbtgd `y tng
fpprmxhkftgd sybcnrmbmus kfcnhbg pgr ubht `flfbcg hb tng Lfplfcg dmkfhb _6 _6[5
[5

Tf sψ ; p sgt ∐ pkgf ∐ Dp (ψr ∐ ψsgt ), (3)

wngrg Tf hs tng kgcnfbhcfl thkg cmbstfbt, psgt hs tng fcthvg pmwgr sgt pmhbt fbd pkgf hs tng kgf-
surgd fcthvg pmwgr mutput. Tng rmtfthbj spggd mi tng YSK hs jhvgb `y ψ r , ψ sgt hs tng irgqugbcy
sgt pmhbt fbd D p hs tng dfkphbj cmgistchgbt.
Tng YSK cmbtrmllgr hs hllustrftgd hb Ihj 0.0
0.0.. Tng swhtcngs
swhtcngs frg hb pmshthmb 6. Tng lmwgr pfrt mi tng
pmshthmb
Ihj. 0.0 nfs bm hbffugbcg
hbffugbcg mb tng YSK fbd hs mbly rglgvfbt
rglgvfbt imr tng Sybcnrm
Sybcnrmbvg
bvgrtgr.
rtgr. Hb fddhth
fddhthmb
mb tm
ψ
tng swhbj gqufthmb, f lmw-pfss stltgr ( ψ +s ) hs fpplhgd hb tng dfkphbj tgrk. Tnhs fllmws imr hbgr-
c
c

thf prmvhshmb durhbj trfbshgbts, wnhlg glhkhbfthbj tng hkpfct mi tng dfkphbj tgrk ft stgfdy-stftg,
h.g. glhkh
glhkhbfthbj
bfthbj tng drmmp
drmmp.. Hi tnhs stgfdy-stftg
stgfdy-stftg hkpf ct hs wfbtgd, ψc kus
hkpfct kustt `g sgt tm zgrm
zgrm.. Tng
kgcnfbhcfl thkg cmbstfbt T f mi tng YSK cfb flsm `g cmbtrmllgd
cmbtrmllgd `y fb hbput shjbfl (bmt snmwb hb
Ihj. 0.0)
0.0)..
Yfrhf`lg i bmk hs tng bmkhbfl irgqugbcy fbd irgi hs tng rgigrgbcg irgqugbcy hb PKS-shkulfthmbs.
Yfrhf`lg ξ v hs tng mutput vmltfjg fbjlg.
Tng YSK cmbcgpt gbtfhls bm iurtngr spgchstcfthmb imr tng vmltfjg kfjbhtudg cmbtrml. Tng vmltfjg
cmbtrml hs hkplgkgbtgd fs f shkplg strst mrdgr lfj. Kmrg smpnhsthcftgd vmltfjg cmbtrmllgrs cfb `g
fddgd tm tng vmltfjg
vmltfjg cmbtrml slmt hb Ihj. 0.6.

0.0 Syb
Sybcn
cnrm
rmb
bvgrt
vgrtgr
gr

Tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr wfs hbtrmducgd hb _7 _7[. Hts cmkpms

cmkpmshtghtg kmdgl hs hllu
hllustrft
strftgd
gd hb Ihj. 0.3. Tng
kgfsurgkgbt slmts, tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg whtn hts cmbtrmllgr, tng mutput vmltfjg cflculfthmb fbd
slmt imr tng stfthc jgbgrftmr frg shkhlfr tm tng YSK. Hb fddhthmb, tng currgbt cmbvgrshmb slmt cmb-
vgrts tng kgfsurgd currgbt hbtm tng pnfsg currgbts (imr GKT) mr kfjbhtudg fbd fbjlg (imr PKS).
Tngrg hs bm vmltfjg cmbtrml slmt, fs vmltfjg
vmltfjg cmbtrml hs hbtgj
hbtgjrftgd
rftgd hb tng Sybcn
Sybcnrmbv
rmbvgrtgr.
grtgr. Tng vhr-
tufl hkpgdfbcg hs glf`mrftgd hb Sgc. 0.4.
Tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr cmbtrml hs snmwb hb Ihj. 0.0, 0.0, tng swhtcngs frg hb pmshthmb 0 . Shkhlf
Shkhlfrr tm tng
YSK, ht hs flsm `fsgd mb tng swhbj gqufthmb.
gqufthmb. Ngbcg ( 3) flsm nmlds, gxcgpt tnft tng tmrqugs t sgt
Ngbcg,, (3)
fbd t cflc frg usgd hbstgfd
hbstgfd mi p sgt fbd p kgf . Tng kfhb dhiig
dhiigrgbcgs
rgbcgs tm tng YSK frg tng fddhthm
fddhthmbfl
bfl
rgfcthvg pmwgr cmbtrml fbd tng cmbtrmllgr mutput vmltfjg `ghbj usgd imr tng pmwgr/tmrqug cflcu-
lfthmb hbstgfd mi tng kgfsurgd vmltfjg.
Gq. (:),
(:), (>) fbd (8) irmk
irmk _7
_7[ frg ft tng cmrg mi tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr cmbcgpt fbd cflculftg tng

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 0
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
0 Jgbgrf
Jgbgrfll Dgscrhp
Dgscrhpthm
thmb
b

Ihjurg 0.65 Cmkpmshtg Kmdgl mi tng Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus Kfcnhbg.

Ihjurg 0.05 @lmco dhfjrfk mi YSK fbd Sybcnrmbvgrtgr.

tmrqug t cflc , stftmr vmltfjg kfjbhtudg u s,kfj fbd tng rgfcthvg pmwgr q cflc fs imllmws5

0ρ 4ρ
tcflc ; K i hi (hf,kgf shb
shb((ξr ) + h`,kgfshb
shb((ξr ∐ ) + hc,kgfshb
shb((ξr ∐ ))
)),, (4)
3 3
˘ (7)
us,kfj ; ξr Ki hi , 0ρ
0ρ 4ρ
qcflc ; ∐ξ˘r Ki hi (hf,kgfcms
cms((ξr ) + h`,kgfcms
cms((ξr ∐ ) + hc,kgf cms
cms((ξr ∐ ))
)),, (9)
3 3

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 3
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
0 Jgbgrf
Jgbgrfll Dgscrhp
Dgscrhpthm
thmb
b

Ihjurg 0.35 Cmkpmshtg Kmdgl mi tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr.

wngrg Ki hi hs tng shkplhstgd gxchtfthmb, hf`c,kgf hs tng kgfsurgd mutput currgbt fbd ξr hs tng
rmtmr fbjlg.
Tng rgfcthvg pmwgr cmbtrmllgr hs dgphctgd hb tng lmwgr lgit pfrt mi Ihj. 0.0. Ht cmbshst mi fb hbtgjrfl
6
cmbtrmllgr whtn tng jfhb O . Tng rgfcthv
rgfcthvg
g pmwgr grrmr qgrr dgpgbds mb tng sgt vflug qsgt , tng
grrmr
cflculftgd vflug q cflc fbd tng vmltfjg drmmp fs imllmws5

qgrr ; qsgt ∐ qcflc ∐ Dq (ukfj,kgf ∐ usgt ), (:)

wngrg u kfj,kgf hs tng kgfsurgd vmltfjg kfjbhtudg, u sgt hs tng tng vmltfjg sgt pmhbt fbd D q hs
tng vmltfjg drmmp cmgistchgbt.
Tng stftmr vmltfjg ξ u hs prmpmrthmbfl tm tng cnfbjg mi ffux hbducgd `y tng rmtmr stgld fbd, tngrg-
imrg, lfjs tng rmtmr fbjlg ξ r `y ρ/
ρ/00.

0.3 Dr
Drmmp
mmp Cm
Cmbtr
btrml
ml

Tng drmmp cmbtrml hs `fsgd mb tng sfkg irfkg fs tng YSK (Ihj. 0.6). 0.6). Hb tng jrhd-imrkhbj
jrhd-imrkhbj drmmp
cmbtrml, tng irgqugbcy ∉ψdrmmp fbd vmltfjg kfjbhtudg ∉udrmmp dgvhfthmbs irmk tng lmfd ffmw
hbhthflhzfthmb frg cflculftgd fccmrdhbj tm tng drmmp gqufthmbs _0[5
_0[ 5

∉ψdrmmp ; kp ∉pLQ I , (>)

∉vdrmmp ; kq ∉qLQ I , (8)

wngrg k p fbd k q frg tng fcthvg fbd rgfcthvg pmwgr drmmp cmgistchgbts fbd ∉ pLQ I fbd ∉ ∉qqLQ I
frg tng lmw-pfss stltgrgd fcthvg fbd rgfcthvg pmwgr dgvhfthmbs irmk tng lmfd ffmw hbhthflhzfthmb,
rgspgcthvgly.
Tng pfrfkgtgrs i sgt , psgt , usgt fbd q sgt frg usuflly hbhthflhzgd fccmrdhbj tm tng hbhthfl lmfd ffmw.
Nmwgvgr, tngy frg kmdgllgd fs hbput vfrhf`lgs tm tng drmmp cmbtrmllgr fbd, tngrgimrg, cfb `g

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 4
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
3 PKS-Sh
PKS-Shkul
kulfth
fthmb
mb

cmbtrmllgd irmk mutshdg tng `lmco.

Ht wfs snmwb hb _6[ tnft tng irgqugbcy cflculfthmb mi tng drmmp cmbtrml fbd YSK frg fctuflly
shkhlfr wngb pfrfkgtgrs frg tubgd fccmrdhbjly.

0.4 Yhrt
Yhrtufl
ufl Hkp
Hkpgdf
gdfbcg
bcg

Tng rgfl fbd rgfcthvg vmltfjg drmp mvgr fb fljg`rfhc typg vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg hf cflculftgd fs
imllmws5

∉uvh,r ; r vh hvh,r ∐ xvh hvh,h , (61)

∉uvh,h ; r vh hvh,h + xvh hvh,r , (66)

wngrg r vh hs tng rgshstfbcg fbd xvh tng rgfctfbcg mi tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg.
hkpgdfbcg. Tng currgbt h vh hs
tng currgbt supplhgd `y tng cmbvgrtgr.
Tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg cmbtrmllgr cfb `g usgd tm fdeust tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg pfrfkgtgrs tm tng
jrhd cmbdhthmb.
cmbdhthmb. F typhcfl fpplhcfthmb
fpplhcfthmb wmuld
wmuld `g tm hbcrgfsg tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg
hkpgdfbcg durhbj snmrt-
chrcuht
chrcuht gvgbts.
gvgbts. Tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg hs fdeustgd hb prmpmrthmb tm tng lmw-pfss
lmw-pfss stltgrgd currgbt
f`smlutg vflug |hvh | wngb f cgrtfhb tnrgsnmld
tnrgsnmld h lhk hs gxcggdgd _3[ fs jhvgb hb (60)
(60),,
 rvh + ex
e xvh , hi |hvh | ≤ hlhk
zvh ; (60)
(opr rvh + eo px xvh )(
)(||hvh | ∐ hlhk ) + rvh + ex vh mtngrwhsg,

wngrg o pr fbd o px frg tng prmpmrthmbfl ifctmrs imr tng vhrtufl rgshstmr fbd vhrtufl rgfctfbcg, rg-
spgcthvgly.

0.7 Mutpu
Mutputt Ymltf
mltfjg
jg Cflc
Cflculfth
ulfthmb
mb

Hb tng `lmco ‘Mutput vmltfjg cflculfthmb‘, tng vmltfjg mi tng jrhd-imrkhbj cmbtrmllgr fbd tng vmltfjg
drmp mi tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg frg usgd tm cflcu
cflculftg
lftg tng stbfl mutput vml
vmltfjg
tfjg mi tng cmbvgrtgr.
cmbvgrtgr.
Hb fddhthmb tm tng currgbt lhkhtfthmb `y tng vhrtufl hkpgdfbcg, fbmtngr kgcnfbhsk tm lhkht tng
mutput currgbt
currgbt fbd tm fvmhd mvg
mvgrlmfdhb
rlmfdhbjj mi tng cmbvgrtgr
cmbvgrtgr hs hkplg
hkplgkgbtgd
kgbtgd hb tnhs `lmco. Ft strst,
tng vmltfjg drmp mvgr tng cmbvgrtgr sgrhgs hkpgdfbcg u drmp,ublhk hs cflculftgd5

udrmp,ublhk ; u cmb,ublhk ∐ utgrk , (63)

wngrg ucmb,ublhk hs tng ublhkhtgd cmbvgrtgr vmltfjg fbd utgrk hs tng vmltfjg mi tng cmbbgctgd
tgrkhbfl. Ht hs obmwb hb fdvfbcg tnft tng f`smlutg vflug mi tnhs vmltfjg drmp snmuld bmt gxcggd
f cgrtfhb vflug udrmp,kfx jhvgb `y tng cmbvgrtgr sgrhgs hkpgdfbcg z sgrhgs fbd tng kfxhkuk
cmbvgrtgr currgbt h cmb,lhk 5
udrmp,kfx ; |z sgrhgs |hcmb,lhk . (64)
Tngrgimrg, tng fctufl f`smlutg vflug mi tng vmltfjg drmp |udrmp,lhk | hs lhkhtgd `y u drmp,kfx (wnhlg
tng fbjlg mi udrmp,lhk rgkfhbs tng sfkg fs tng fbjlg mi udrmp,ublhk ). Ihbflly, tng lhkhtgd cmbvgrtgr
vmltfjg ucmb,lhk hs dgrhvgd `y fddhbj tng lhkhtgd vmltfjg udrmp,lhk drmp tm tng tgrkhbfl vmltfjg
utgrk 5
ucmb,lhk ; u drmp,lhk + utgrk . (67)

3 PKS-
PKS-Sh
Shk
kulft
ulfthm
hmb
b

Zhtn rgspgct tm PKS shkulfthmb, tng dgscrh`gd tgkplftgs / kmdgls mi jrhd-imrkhbj cmbvgrtgrs
hkplgkgbtgd
hkplgkgbtgd sm ifr, frg mbly vflhd imr `flfbcgd
`flfbcgd PKS shkulfthmb.
shkulfthmb. Imr PKS shkulfthmb
shkulfthmb f skfll

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 7
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
3 PKS-Sh
PKS-Shkul
kulfth
fthmb
mb

stgp shzg imr glgctrmkgcnfbhcfl trfbshgbts

trfbshgbts mi 1.7 ks khjnt `g rgquhrgd durhbj dybfkhc gvgbts hb
smkg cfsgs.

3.6 Yhrtufl Sybc

Sybcnrm
nrmbmus
bmus Kfc
Kfcnhbg
nhbg

Tng kmdgl fs dgscrh`gd

dgscrh`gd hb Sgc. 0.6 hs usgd imr tng YSK.

3.0 Syb
Sybcn
cnrm
rmb
bvgrt
vgrtgr
gr

DSL usgs sykkgtrhc cmkpmbgbts trfbsimrkgd hbtm tng rgigrgbcg irfkg mi tng rgigrgbcg irg-
qugbcy hb PKS-shkulfthmb
PKS-shkulfthmbs.
s. Tng fcthvg fbd rgfcthvg
rgfcthvg pmwgr hb sykkg
sykkgtrhcfl
trhcfl cmkpmbg
cmkpmbgbts
bts hs cfl-
culftgd fs imllmws5

p ; u 1 h1 cms
cms((ξu,1 ∐ ξh,1 ) + u6 h6 cms
cms((ξu,6 ∐ ξh,6 ) + u0 h0 cms
cms((ξu,0 ∐ ξh,0 ), (69)
shb((ξu,1 ∐ ξh,1 ) + u6 h6 shb
q ; u 1 h1 shb shb((ξu,0 ∐ ξh,0 ),
shb((ξu,6 ∐ ξh,6 ) + u0 h0 shb (6:)

wngrg u 160 frg tng kfjbhtudg

kfjbhtudgs
s mi tng sykkgtrhcfl
sykkgtrhcfl cmkpmbgbts mi tng vmltfjg
vmltfjg whtn tnghr fbjlg
fbjlgs
s
ξu,160 fbd wngrg h160 frg tng kfjbhtudgs mi tng sykkgtrhcfl cmkpmbgbts mi tng currgbt whtn
tnghr fbjlgs ξ h,160 .
Tng vmltfjg mutput mi f Sybcn
Sybcnrmbv
rmbvgrtgr
grtgr hs flwf
flwfys
ys sykkgtrhc. Tngrgimrg,
Tngrgimrg, mbly tng pmshth
pmshthvg
vg sg-
qugbcg hs rglgvfbt wnhcn lgfds tm

p ; u 6 h6 cms
cms((ξu,6 ∐ ξh,6 ), (6>)
q ; u 6 h6 shb
shb((ξu,6 ∐ ξh,6 ). (68)

Imr tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr gqufthmbs (4) (9), tng rmtmr fbjlg ξr hs usgd hbstgfd mi tng
(4),, (7) fbd (9
vmltfjg fbjlg ξ u,6 . Ht lfjs tng vmltfjg fbjlg `y 81 ±. Fssukhbj tnft tng irgqugbcy hs clmsg tm hts
bmkhbfl vflug, tng tmrqug t cflc fbd rgfcthvg pmwgr q cflc frg tngb wrhttgb fs

shb((ξr ∐ ξh,kgf,6 ),
tcflc ; K i hi hkgf,6 shb (01)
ξ̆˘Ki hi hkgf,6 cms
qcflc ; ∐ξK cms((ξr ∐ ξh,kgf,6 ). (06)

3.3 Dr
Drmmp
mmp Cm
Cmbtr
btrml
ml

Tng drmmp gqufthmbs fs glf`mrftgd hb Sgc. 0.3 frg hkplgkgbtgd.

3.4 Yhrt
Yhrtufl
ufl Hkp
Hkpgdf
gdfbcg
bcg

Tng hkplgkgbtfthmb fs dgphctgd hb Sgc. 0.4 hs usgd.

3.7 Mutpu
Mutputt Ymltf
mltfjg
jg Cflc
Cflculfth
ulfthmb
mb

Tng hkplgkgbtfthmb fs dgscrh`gd hb Sgc. 0.7 hs usgd.

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 9
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
4 GKT-Shku
GKT-Shkulfthm
lfthmb
b

4 GKT
GKT-Sh
-Shku
kulft
lfthmb
hmb

Imr usg hb GKT shkulfthmb, ht hs rgcmkkgbdgd tm dhsf`lg tng smlvgr mpthmb ‛Ifst cmbvgrjgbcg
cngco‛ hb cflculfthmb mi hbhthfl cmbdhthmbs wngb ushbj tng tgkplftgs / kmdgls mi jrhd-imrkhbj
cmbvgrtgrs.

4.6 Yhrtufl Sybc

Sybcnrm
nrmbmus
bmus Kfc
Kfcnhbg
nhbg

Tng kmdgl fs dgscrh`gd hb Sgc. 0.6 hs usgd imr tng YSK. Tng rgigrgbcg fbjlg ξrgi hs mbly
rglgvfbt hb PKS-shkulfthmbs fbd hs sgt tm zgrm hb GKT shkulfthmbs.

4.0 Syb
Sybcn
cnrm
rmb
bvgrt
vgrtgr
gr

Tng rgigrgbcg fbjlg ξ rgi hs mbly rglgvfbt hb PKS-shkulfthmbs fbd hs sgt tm zgrm hb GKT shkulf-
thmbs.
Gqufthmbs (4
(4),
), (7
(7)) fbd (9) nmld imr tng Sybcnrmbvgrtgr hb GKT shkulfthmbs, gxcgpt imr tng ifctmr
0/3. Tng ifctmr cmbshdgrs
cmbshdgrs tng fkplhtudg hbvfrhfbt
hbvfrhfbt irfkg trfbsi
trfbsimrkfthmb
mrkfthmb usgd hb DSL (hbstgfd mi
pmwgr hbvfrhfbt)5

0ρ 4ρ
tcflc ; 0/3 K i hi (hf shb
shb((ξr ) + h` shb
shb((ξr ∐ ) + hc shb
shb((ξr ∐ )) (00)
3 3
us,kfj ; ξ˘r Ki hi (03)
0ρ
0ρ 4ρ
4ρ
qcflc ; ∐0/3 ξ˘r Ki hi (hf cms
cms((ξr ) + h` cms
cms((ξr ∐ ) + hc cms
cms((ξr ∐ )) (04)
3 3

4.3 Dr
Drmmp
mmp Cm
Cmbtr
btrml
ml

Tng drmmp gqufthmbs fs glf`mrftgd hb Sgc. 0.3 frg hkplgkgbt

hkplgkgbtgd.
gd. Tng rgigrg
rgigrgbcg
bcg fbjlg ξ rgi hs
mbly rglgvfbt hb PKS-shkulfthmbs fbd hs sgt tm zgrm hb GKT shkulfthmbs.

4.4 Yhrt
Yhrtufl
ufl Hkp
Hkpgdf
gdfbcg
bcg

Tng hkplgkgbtfthmb fs dgphctgd hb Sgc. 0.4 hs usgd.

4.7 Mutpu
Mutputt Ymltf
mltfjg
jg Cflc
Cflculfth
ulfthmb
mb

Tng hkplgkgbtfthmb fs dgscrh`gd hb Sgc. 0.7 hs usgd.

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg :
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
7 Pgig
Pgigrg
rgbc
bcgs
gs

7 Pgig
Pgigrg
rgbc
bcgs
gs

_6[ S. D‘Fr
D‘Frcm
cm fbd E. F. Suul.
Suul. Gqu
Gquhv
hvflg
flgbcg
bcg mi vhrtu
vhrtufl
fl syb
sybcnr
cnrmbm
mbmus
us kfc
kfcnhb
nhbgs
gs fbd irgqu
irgqugbc
gbcy-
y-
drmmps imr cmbvgrtgr-`fsgd khcrmjrhds. HGGG Trfbsfcthmbs mb Skfrt Jrhd , 75384–387, 0164.

_0[ S. G`grlghb fbd O. Pudhmb. Skfll-shjbfl stf`hlhty kmdgllhbj

kmdgllhbj,, sgbshthvhty fbflyshs fbd mpthkhzf-
thmb mi drmmp cmbtrmllgd hbvgrtgrs hb lv khcrmjrhds. Hbtgrbfthmbfl Emurbfl mi Glgctrhcfl Qmwgr &
Gbgrjy Systgks, 607, 0106.

_3[ F. Qfqugttg fbd D.

D. Dhvfb. Yhrtufl hkpgdfbcg currgbt lhkhthbj imr hbvgrtgrs hb khcrmjrhds whtn
sybcnrmbmus jgbgrftmrs. HGGG Trfbsfcthmbs mb Hbdustry Fpplhcfthmbs , Yml. 7656931–693>,
0167.

_4[ ^. Zf
Zfbj,
bj, X. Lh, I. @lff`egrj,
@lff`egrj, fbd Q. Cnhfbj Lmn. Yhrtufl-
Yhrtufl-hkpgdf
hkpgdfbcg-`f
bcg-`fsgd
sgd cmbtrml
cmbtrml imr vmlt
vmltfjg-
fjg-
smurcg fbd currgbt-smurcg cmbvgrtgrs. HGGG Trfbsfcthmbs mb Qmwgr Glgctrmbhcs , 31, 0167.

_7[ V. Unmbj fbd J. Zghss

Zghss.. Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgrs5
grtgrs5 Hbv
Hbvgrtgrs
grtgrs tnft khkhc sybcn
sybcnrmbmus
rmbmus jgbgrftmr
jgbgrftmrs.
s.
HGGG Trfbsfcthmbs mb Hbdustrhfl Glgctrmbhcs, 7>56078–609:, 0166.

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg >
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)
Lhst mi Ihjurgs
Ihjurgs

Lhst mi Ihjurgs

0.6 Cmkpmshtg
Cmkpmshtg Kmdgl
Kmdgl mi tng Y
Yhrtufl
hrtufl Sybcnrmbm
Sybcnrmbmus
us Kfcn
Kfcnhbg.
hbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

0.0 @lmco
@lmco dhfjrfk
dhfjrfk mi YSK fbd Sybcnrmb
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr
vgrtgr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

0.3 Cmkpmshtg
Cmkpmshtg Kmdgl
Kmdgl mi tng Sy
Sybcnrmb
bcnrmbvgrtgr
vgrtgr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DHjSHLGBT QmwgrIfctmry
QmwgrIfctmry 0106, Tgcnbhcfl Pgigrgbcg 8
DHjSHLGBT Jrhd-imrkhbj Cmbvgrtgr Tgkplftgs (Drmmp Cmbtrmllgd Cmbvgrtgr, Sybcnrmbv
Sybcnrmbvgrtgr,
grtgr, Yhrtufl Sybcnrmbmus
Kfcnhbg)