HL Integration

HL INTEGRATION [811 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 21] SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.12

The function f is defined by f (x) = e
sin x
.
(a) Find the first two derivatives of f (x) and hence find the Maclaurin series for
f (x) up to and including the x term. 2
[8]
Markscheme
attempting to use the chain rule to find the first derivative M1
f
′
(x) = (cos x) e
sin x
A1
attempting to use the product rule to find the second derivative M1
f
′′
(x) = e
sin x
(cos
2
x − sin x) (or equivalent) A1
attempting to find f (0), f ′

(0) and f ′′
(0) M1
f (0) = 1 f ; ′
(0) = (cos 0) e
sin 0
= 1 f ; ′′
(0) = e
sin 0
(cos
2
0 − sin 0) = 1
A1
substitution into the Maclaurin formula

2
f (x) = f (0) + xf
′
(0) +
x
2!
f
′′
(0) + … M1
2
so the Maclaurin series for f (x) up to and including the x term is 1 + x + 2 x
A1
[8 marks]
(b) Show that the coefficient of x in the Maclaurin series for f (x) is zero.
3
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to differentiate f ′′
(x) M1
f
′′′
(x) = (cos x) e
sin x
(cos
2
x − sin x) − (cos x) e
sin x
(2 sin x + 1) (or
equivalent) A2
substituting x = 0 into their f ′′′
(x) M1
′′′
f (0) = 1 (1 − 0) − 1 (0 + 1) = 0
so the coefficient of x in the Maclaurin series for f (x) is zero AG

3
METHOD 2
substituting sin x into the Maclaurin series for e x

(M1)
2 3
sin x sin x sin x
e = 1 + sin x + + + …
2! 3!
substituting Maclaurin series for sin x M1

2 3
3 3
x x
3
(x− +…) (x− +…)
A1
x 3! 3!
sin x
e = 1 + (x − + …) + + + …
3! 2! 3!
coefficient of x is −
3 1
+
1
= 0 A1
3! 3!
so the coefficient of x in the Maclaurin series for f (x) is zero AG

3
[4 marks]
(c) Using the Maclaurin series for arctan x and e − 1, find the Maclaurin series 3x
for arctan (e − 1) up to and including the x term.

3x 3
[6]
Markscheme
substituting 3x into the Maclaurin series for e x

M1
2 3
(3x) (3x)
e
3x
= 1 + 3x + + + … A1
2! 3!
substituting (e 3x
− 1) into the Maclaurin series for arctan x M1
3 5
3x 3x
(e −1) (e −1)
3x 3x
arctan (e − 1) = (e − 1) − + − …
3 5
3
2 3
(3x) (3x)
2 3 (3x+ + +…)
2! 3!
(3x) (3x)
= (3x +
2!
+
3!
+ …) −
3
+ … A1
selecting correct terms from above M1
2 3 3
(3x) (3x) (3x)
= (3x + + ) −
2! 3! 3
2 3
= 3x +
9x
2
−
9x
2
A1
[6 marks]
(d) Hence, or otherwise, find lim

f (x)−1
.
x→0
arctan(e3x −1) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
substitution of their series M1
2
x
x+ +…
lim
2
2
A1
9x
x→0 3x+ +…
2
x
1+ +…
2
= lim
9x
x→0 3+ +…
2
=
1
3
A1
METHOD 2
use of l’Hôpital’s rule M1

sin x
(cos x)e
lim
3e 3x
(or equivalent) A1
x→0
2
3x
1+(e −1)
=
1
3
A1
[3 marks]
A large tank initially contains pure water. Water containing salt begins to flow into the
tank The solution is kept uniform by stirring and leaves the tank through an outlet at its
base. Let x grams represent the amount of salt in the tank and let t minutes represent the
time since the salt water began flowing into the tank.
The rate of change of the amount of salt in the tank, dx
dt
, is described by the
t
differential equation dx
dt
= 10e
−
4 −
x
t+1
.
(a) Show that t + 1 is an integrating factor for this differential equation. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
I (t) = e
∫ P (t) dt
M1
1
∫ dt
e t+1
=e ln(t+1)
A1
= t + 1 AG
METHOD 2
attempting product rule differentiation on d

(x (t + 1)) M1
dt
d dx
(x (t + 1)) = (t + 1) + x
dt dt
A1
dx x
= (t + 1) ( + )
dt t+1
so t + 1 is an integrating factor for this differential equation AG
[2 marks]
(b)
t
−
200−40e 4 (t+5)
Hence, by solving this differential equation, show that x (t) =
t+1
. [8]
Markscheme
attempting to multiply through by (t + 1) and rearrange to give (M1)

t
(t + 1)
dx
dt
+ x = 10 (t + 1) e
−
4 A1
t
d −
(x (t + 1)) = 10 (t + 1) e 4
dt
x (t + 1) = ∫ 10 (t + 1) e
−
4 dt A1
attempting to integrate the RHS by parts M1

t t
− −
= −40 (t + 1) e 4 + 40 ∫ e 4 dt
t t
= −40 (t + 1) e
−
4 − 160e
−
4 + C A1
Note: Condone the absence of C.
EITHER
substituting t = 0, x = 0 ⇒ C = 200 M1
t t
− −
−40(t+1)e 4 −160e 4 +200
x =
t+1
A1
t t
using −40e −
4 as the highest common factor of −40 (t + 1) e −
4 and
t
−160e
−
4 M1
OR
t t
using −40e −
4 as the highest common factor of −40 (t + 1) e −
4 and
t
−160e
−
4 giving
t
x (t + 1) = −40e
−
4 (t + 5) + C (or equivalent) M1A1
substituting t = 0, x = 0 ⇒ C = 200 M1
THEN
t
−
200−40e 4 (t+5)
x (t) =
t+1
AG
[8 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph of x versus t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 and hence find the maximum
amount of salt in the tank and the value of t at which this occurs. [5]
Markscheme
graph starts at the origin and has a local maximum (coordinates not required)
A1
sketched for 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 A1
correct concavity for 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 A1
maximum amount of salt is 14.6 (grams) at t = 6.60 (minutes) A1A1
[5 marks]
(d) Find the value of t at which the amount of salt in the tank is decreasing most
rapidly. [2]
Markscheme
using an appropriate graph or equation (first or second derivative) M1
amount of salt is decreasing most rapidly at t = 12.9 (minutes) A1
[2 marks]
(e) The rate of change of the amount of salt leaving the tank is equal to x
t+1
.
Find the amount of salt that left the tank during the first 60 minutes. [4]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempting to form an integral representing the amount of salt that left the
tank M1
60
x(t)
∫ dt
t+1
0
t
60 −
200−40e 4 (t+5)
∫
2
dt A1
(t+1)
0
OR
attempting to form an integral representing the amount of salt that entered
the tank minus the amount of salt in the tank at t = 60(minutes)
60 t
amount of salt that left the tank is ∫ 10e

−
4 dt − x (60) A1
0
THEN
= 36.7 (grams) A2
[4 marks]
This question asks you to investigate regular n-sided polygons inscribed and
circumscribed in a circle, and the perimeter of these as n tends to infinity, to make an
approximation for π.
Let P (n) represent the perimeter of any n-sided regular polygon inscribed in a circle
i
of radius 1 unit.
Consider an equilateral triangle ABC of side length, x units, circumscribed about a circle
of radius 1 unit and centre O as shown in the following diagram.
Let P (n) represent the perimeter of any n-sided regular polygon circumscribed about
c
a circle of radius 1 unit.
(a) Consider an equilateral triangle ABC of side length, x units, inscribed in a circle
of radius 1 unit and centre O as shown in the following diagram.
The equilateral triangle ABC can be divided into three smaller isosceles
triangles, each subtending an angle of 2π
at O, as shown in the following [3]
3
diagram.
Using right-angled trigonometry or otherwise, show that the perimeter of the

equilateral triangle ABC is equal to 3√3 units.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
consider right-angled triangle OCX where CX = x
sin
π
=
2
1
M1A1
3
√3
A1
x
⇒ = ⇒ x = √3
2 2
Pi = 3 × x = 3 √ 3 AG
METHOD 2
eg use of the cosine rule x 2

= 1
2
+ 1
2
− 2 (1) (1) cos
2π
3
M1A1
x = √3 A1
Pi = 3 × x = 3 √ 3 AG
Note: Accept use of sine rule.
[3 marks]
(b) Consider a square of side length, x units, inscribed in a circle of radius 1 unit. By
dividing the inscribed square into four isosceles triangles, find the exact
perimeter of the inscribed square.
[3]
Markscheme
sin
π
4
=
1
x
where x = side of square M1
x = √2 A1
Pi = 4 √ 2 A1
[3 marks]
(c) Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon, of side length, x units, inscribed in a
circle of radius 1 unit.
[2]
Markscheme
6 equilateral triangles ⇒x = 1 A1
Pi = 6 A1
[2 marks]
(d) Show that P i (n) = 2n sin (

π
n
) . [3]
Markscheme
in right-angled triangle sin ( π
n
) =
2
1
M1
⇒ x = 2 sin (
π
n
) A1
Pi = n × x
Pi = n × 2 sin (
π
n
) M1
Pi = 2n sin (
π
n
) AG
[3 marks]
(e) Use an appropriate Maclaurin series expansion to find lim Pi (n) and interpret
n→∞
this result geometrically. [5]
Markscheme
consider
π
lim 2n sin ( )
n
n→∞
3 5
use of sin x = x −
x
3!
+
x
5!
− … M1
3 5
(A1)
π π π π
2n sin ( ) = 2n ( − + − …)
n n 6n
3
120n
5
3 5
A1
π π
= 2 (π − 2
+ 4
− …)
6n 120n
A1
π
⇒ lim 2n sin ( ) = 2π
n
n→∞
as n → ∞ polygon becomes a circle of radius 1 and P i = 2π R1
[5 marks]
(f ) Show that P c (n) = 2n tan (

π
n
) . [4]
Markscheme
consider an n-sided polygon of side length x
2n right-angled triangles with angle at centre M1A1

2π π
=
2n n
opposite side M1A1

x π π
= tan ( ) ⇒ x = 2 tan ( )
2 n n
Perimeter P AG
π
c = 2n tan ( )
n
[4 marks]
(g)
π
2 tan( )
By writing P (n) in the form n
, find lim Pc (n) .
c 1
n
n→∞ [5]
Markscheme
π
2 tan( )
consider
π n
lim 2n tan ( ) = lim ( )
n 1
n→∞ n→∞ n
π
2 tan( )
0
R1
n
= lim ( ) =
1
n→∞ 0
n
attempt to use L’Hopital’s rule M1

2π 2 π
− sec ( )
n
A1A1
2
n
= lim ( )
1
n→∞ −
n2
= 2π A1
[5 marks]
(h) Use the results from part (d) and part (f ) to determine an inequality for the
value of π in terms of n. [2]
Markscheme
Pi < 2π < Pc
M1
π π
2n sin ( ) < 2π < 2n tan ( )
n n
n sin (
π
n
) < π < n tan (
π
n
) A1
[2 marks]
(i) The inequality found in part (h) can be used to determine lower and upper
bound approximations for the value of π.
Determine the least value for n such that the lower bound and upper
bound approximations are both within 0.005 of π. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to find the lower bound and upper bound approximations within 0.005
of π (M1)
n = 46 A2
[3 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 5] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.6
2
2x cos ( x )
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of lim( ) .
x→0
5 tan x [5]
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior

examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course.
There may be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.
2
2x cos ( x )
attempts to apply l’Hôpital’s rule on lim( 5 tan x
) M1
x→0
2 2 2
2 cos ( x ) −4x sin ( x )
= lim (
2
) M1A1A1
5 sec x
x→0
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use product and chain rule differentiation on the
numerator, A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator. The awarding
of A1 for the denominator is independent of the M1.
=
2
5
A1
[5 marks]
A function f is defined by f (x)= 3
, x ∈ R .
x2 +2
The region R is bounded by the curve y = f (x) , the x-axis and the lines x = 0 and
x = √6 . Let A be the area of R.
The line x = k divides R into two regions of equal area.
Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve y = f (x) .
(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their
equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the
axes. [4]
Markscheme

examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA
course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam
papers.
a curve symmetrical about the y -axis with correct concavity that has a local
maximum point on the positive y -axis A1
a curve clearly showing that y → 0 as x → ±∞ A1
A1
3
(0, )
2
horizontal asymptote y = 0 x ( -axis) A1

[4 marks]
(b) Show that A =

√2π
. [4]
2
Markscheme
attempts to find ∫ 3
dx (M1)
x2 +2
=[
3
arctan
x
] A1
√2 √2
Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining [k where k ≠ .

x 3
arctan ]
√2 √2
Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.

=
3
(arctan √ 3 − arctan 0) (M1)
√2
=
3
×
π
3
(=
π
) A1
√2 √2
√2π
A =
2
AG
[4 marks]
(c) Find the value of k. [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
k
3 √2π
∫ dx =
2 4
x +2
0
√2π
(M1)
3 k
arctan =
√2 √2 4
OR
√6
3 √2π
∫ dx =
2
x +2 4
k
√2π
(M1)
3 k
(arctan √ 3 − arctan )=
√2 √2 4
k π
arctan √ 3 − arctan =
√2 6
THEN
A1
k π
arctan =
√2 6
A1
k π 1
= tan (= )
√2 6 √3
√6
k =
3
(= √
2
3
) A1
METHOD 2
k √6
3 3
∫ dx = ∫ dx
x2 +2 x2 +2
0 k
(M1)
3 k 3 k
arctan = (arctan √ 3 − arctan )
√2 √2 √2 √2
arctan
k
=
π
6
A1
√2
A1
k π 1
= tan (= )
√2 6 √3
√6
k =
3
(= √
2
3
) A1
[4 marks]
(d) Show that m = −

6x
.
( x +2 )
2 2 [2]
Markscheme
attempts to find (M1)

d 3
( )
dx x2 +2
−2
=(3)(−1)(2x)(x
2
+ 2) A1
so m = −
6x
2
AG
( x2 +2 )
[2 marks]
(e) Show that the maximum value of m is 27 2
.
32
√
3 [7]
Markscheme
attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1
EITHER
−3 −2
dm
dx
=(−6x)(−2)(2x)(x
2
+ 2) + (x
2
+ 2) (−6) A1
OR
2
2 2
( x +2 ) ( −6 ) − ( −6x ) ( 2 ) ( 2x ) ( x +2 )
A1
dm
=
dx 4
( x2 +2 )
Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be

awarded.
THEN
attempts to express their dm

as a rational fraction with a factorized numerator
dx
M1
2 2 2
6 ( x +2 ) ( 3x −2 ) 6 ( 3x −2 )
dm
= (= )
4 3
dx ( x2 +2 ) ( x2 +2 )
attempts to solve their dm
dx
= 0 for x M1
x = ±√
2
3
A1
from the curve, the maximum value of m occurs at x = −√
2
3
R1
(the minimum value of m occurs at x = √

2
3
)
Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.
2
6 ( −√ )
maximum value of m is − A1
3
2
2
2
( ( −√ ) +2 )
3
leading to a maximum value of 27
32
√
2
3
AG
[7 marks]
Consider the differential equation
dy y
= f( ), x > 0
dx x
The curve y = f (x) for x > 0 has a gradient function given by

2 2
dy y +3xy+2x
dx
= 2
.
x
The curve passes through the point (1, −1) .
(a) Use the substitution y = vx to show that ∫ dv

= ln x + C where C is an
f ( v ) −v
arbitrary constant. [3]
Markscheme

papers.
dy
M1
dv
y = vx ⇒ = v+ x
dx dx
v+ x
dv
dx
= f (v) A1
∫
dv
= ∫
dx
x
A1
f ( v ) −v
integrating the RHS, ∫ dv

= ln x + C AG
f ( v ) −v
[3 marks]
(b) By using the result from part (a) or otherwise, solve the differential equation
and hence show that the curve has equation y = x(tan (ln x)−1). [9]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempts to find f (v) M1
f (v)= v
2
+ 3v + 2 (A1)
substitutes their f (v) into ∫ dv

M1
f ( v ) −v
dv dv
∫ = ∫
2
f ( v ) −v v +2v+2
attempts to complete the square (M1)
∫
dv
2
A1
( v+1 ) +1
arctan (v + 1) (= ln x + C) A1
OR
attempts to find f (v) M1
v+ x
dv
dx
= v
2
+ 3v + 2 A1
∫
dv
=
dx
x
M1
v2 +2v+2
attempts to complete the square (M1)
∫
dv
2
(= ∫
dx
x
) A1
( v+1 ) +1
arctan (v + 1) (= ln x + C) A1
THEN
when x ,
= 1 v = −1 (or y = −1 ) and so C = 0 M1
substitutes for v into their expression M1

y
arctan ( + 1)= ln x
x
x
+ 1 = tan (ln x) A1
so y = x(tan (ln x)−1) AG
[9 marks]
(c)
π π
The curve has a point of inflexion at (x 1, y1 ) where e −

2 < x1 < e 2
. Determine the coordinates of this point of inflexion. [6]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
π π
a correct graph of y = f '(x) (for approximately e ) with a local

−
2 < x < e 2
minimum point below the x-axis A2

dy
Note: Award M1A1 for dx
= tan (ln x)+sec
2
(ln x)−1 .
attempts to find the x-coordinate of the local minimum point on the graph of
y = f '(x) (M1)
OR
π π
a correct graph of y = f ''(x) (for approximately e −

2 < x < e 2
) showing
the location of the x-intercept A2
2 2 2
sec ( ln x ) 2 sec ( ln x ) tan ( ln x )
Note: Award M1A1 for .
d y
= +
dx
2 x x
attempts to find the x-intercept (M1)

THEN
1
x = 0. 629 (= e
−arctan
2 ) A1
attempts to find f (0. 629) (f (e −arctan

2 )) (M1)
1 1
the coordinates are (0. 629, −0. 943) (e

−arctan
2 , −
3
2
e
−arctan
2 ) A1
METHOD 2
2
dy d y
attempts implicit differentiation on dx
to find 2
M1
dx
dy
2 ( 2y+3x ) ( x −y )
d y
2
=
3
dx
(or equivalent)
dx x
2
d y dy y
2
= 0 ⇒ y = −
3x
2
( dx
≠
x
) A1
dx
π π
attempts to solve − for x where e

3x −
= x(tan (ln x)−1) 2 < x < e 2
M1
x = 0. 629 (= e
−arctan
2 ) A1
attempts to find f (0. 629) (f (= e

−arctan
2 )) (M1)
1 1
the coordinates are (0. 629, −0. 943) (e

−arctan
2 , −
3
2
e
−arctan
2 ) A1
[6 marks]
(d) Use the differential equation
dy
=
2
y +3xy+2x
2
to show that the points of zero

2
dx x
gradient on the curve lie on two straight lines of the form y = mx where the
values of m are to be determined. [4]
Markscheme
dy
dx
= 0 ⇒ y
2
+ 3xy + 2x
2
= 0 M1
attempts to solve y 2
+ 3xy + 2x
2
= 0 for y M1
2
−3x± √ ( 3x ) −4 ( 2x2 )
(y + 2x)(y + x)= 0 or y =
2
(=
−3x±x
2
, (x > 0))
A1
y = −2x and y = −x (m = −2, −1) A1
dy
Note: Award M1 for stating dx
= 0 , M1 for substituting y = mx into
dy
dx
(= 0) , A1 for (m + 2)(m + 1)= 0 and A1 for
m = −2, −1 ⇒ y = −2x and y = −x .
[4 marks]
The curve C has equation e 2y
= x
3
+ y .
(a) Show that

dy
=
3x
2
. [3]
2y
dx 2e −1
Markscheme

papers.
attempts implicit differentiation on both sides of the equation M1
dy dy
2e
2y
dx
= 3x
2
+
dx
A1
dy
(2e
2y
− 1)
dx
= 3x
2
A1
dy 2
so dx
=
3x
2y
AG
2e −1
[3 marks]
(b) The tangent to C at the point Ρ is parallel to the y -axis.
Find the x-coordinate of Ρ.

[4]
Markscheme
attempts to solve 2e 2y
− 1 = 0 for y (M1)
y = −0. 346 … (=
1
2
ln
1
2
) A1
attempts to solve e 2y
= x
3
+ y for x given their value of y (M1)
1
A1
3
1 1
x = 0. 946 (= ( (1 − ln )) )
2 2
[4 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 35] EXM.3.AHL.TZ0.4
This question investigates some applications of differential equations to modeling
population growth.
One model for population growth is to assume that the rate of change of the population is
proportional to the population, i.e. dP
dt
= kP , where k ∈ , is the time (in years) and P is
R t
the population
The initial population is 1000.
Given that k = 0.003 , use your answer from part (a) to find
Consider now the situation when k is not a constant, but a function of time.
Given that k = 0.003 + 0.002t , find
Another model for population growth assumes
there is a maximum value for the population, L.

that k is not a constant, but is proportional to (1 − .
P
)
L
(a) Show that the general solution of this differential equation is P = Ae

kt
, where
A ∈ R. [5]
Markscheme
∫
1
P
dP = ∫ kdt M1A1
ln P = kt + c A1A1
P = e
kt+c
A1
P = Ae
kt
, where A = c
e AG
[5 marks]
(b.i) the population after 10 years [2]
Markscheme
when t = 0, P = 1000
⇒ A = 1000 A1
P (10) = 1000e
0.003(10)
= 1030 A1
[2 marks]
(b.ii) the number of years it will take for the population to triple. [2]
Markscheme
3000 = 1000e
0.003t
M1
t =
ln 3
0.003
= 366 years A1
[2 marks]
(b.iii) lim P
[1]
t→∞
Markscheme
lim P = ∞ A1
t→∞
[1 mark]
(c.i) the solution of the differential equation, giving your answer in the form
P = f (t). [5]
Markscheme
∫
1
P
dP = ∫ (0.003 + 0.002t) dt M1
ln P = 0.003t + 0.001t
2
+ c A1A1
2
P = e
0.003t+0.001t +c
A1
when t = 0, P = 1000
⇒ e
c
= 1000 M1
2
0.003t+0.001t
P = 1000e
[5 marks]
(c.ii) the number of years it will take for the population to triple. [4]
Markscheme
M1
2
0.003t+0.001t
3000 = 1000e
ln 3 = 0.003t + 0.001t
2
A1
Use of quadratic formula or GDC graph or GDC polysmlt M1
t = 31.7 years A1
[4 marks]
(d) Show that dP
=
m
P (L − P ) , where m ∈ R . [2]
dt L
Markscheme
, where m is the constant of proportionality A1

P
k = m (1 − )
L
So A1
dP P
= m (1 − )P
dt L
dP
dt
=
m
L
P (L − P ) AG
[2 marks]
(e) Solve the differential equation dP
=
m
P (L − P ) , giving your answer in the
dt L
form P = g (t) . [10]
Markscheme
M1
1 m
∫ dP = ∫ dt
P (L−P ) L
1
=
A
P
+
B
L−P
M1
P (L−P )
1 ≡ A (L − P ) + BP A1
A =
1
L
, B =
1
L
A1
1 1 1 m
∫ ( + ) dP = ∫ dt
L P L−P L
L
(ln P − ln (L − P )) =
m
L
t + c A1A1
, where d M1
P
ln ( ) = mt + d = cL
L−P
L−P
P
= Ce
mt
, where C = e
d
A1
P (1 + Ce
mt
) = CLe
mt
M1
mt
A1
C Le L 1
P = (= , where D = )
mt −mt
(1+C e ) (De +1) C
[10 marks]
(f ) Given that the initial population is 1000, L = 10000 and m = 0.003 , find the
number of years it will take for the population to triple. [4]
Markscheme
1000 =
10000
M1
D+1
D = 9 A1
3000 =
10000
−0.003t
M1
9e +1
t = 450 years A1
[4 marks]
This question will investigate methods for finding definite integrals of powers of
trigonometrical functions.
Let I n = ∫
n
sin x dx, n ∈ N .
0
Let J n = ∫
n
cos x dx, n ∈ N.
Let T n = ∫
n
tan x dx, n ∈ N .
0
(a) Find the exact values of I , I and I .

0 1 2 [6]
Markscheme
π
π
2
I0 = ∫ 1 dx = [x]
2
0
=
π
2
M1A1
0
π
π
2
I1 = ∫ sin x dx = [−cos x]
2
0
= 1 M1A1
0
π π
π
2 2
2
M1A1
2 1−cos 2x x sin 2x π
I2 = ∫ sin x dx = ∫ dx = [ − ] =
2 2 4 4
0
0 0
[6 marks]
(b.i) Use integration by parts to show that I n =
n−1
n
I n−2 , n ⩾ 2 . [5]
Markscheme
n−1
u = sin x v = − cos x
du n−2 dv
= (n − 1) sin x cos x = sin x
dx dx
π
π
2
I n = [−sin
n−1
x cos x]
0
2
+ ∫ (n − 1) sin
n−2
x cos
2
x dx M1A1A1
0
= 0 + ∫ (n − 1) sin
n−2 2
x (1 − sin x) dx = (n − 1) (I n−2 − I n ) M1A1
0
(n−1)
⇒ nI n = (n − 1) I n−2 ⇒ I n =
n
I n−2 AG
[6 marks]
(b.ii) Explain where the condition n ⩾ 2 was used in your proof. [1]
Markscheme
need n ⩾ 2 so that sin n−1 π
2
= 0 in [−sin n−1
x cos x]
0
2
R1
[1 mark]
(c) Hence, find the exact values of I and I . 3 4 [2]
Markscheme
I3 =
2
3
I1 =
2
3
I4 =
3
4
I2 =
3π
16
A1A1
[2 marks]
(d) Use the substitution x =

π
2
− u to show that J n = In . [4]
Markscheme
A1
π dx
x = − u ⇒ = −1
2 du
π π
2 0 0 2
n n π n n
Jn = ∫ cos x dx = ∫ −cos ( − u) du = − ∫ sin u du = ∫ sin u du = I n
2
0 π π 0
2 2
M1A1A1AG
[4 marks]
(e) Hence, find the exact values of J and J
5 6 [2]
Markscheme
J5 = I5 =
4
5
I3 =
4
5
×
2
3
=
15
8
J6 = I6 =
5
6
I4 =
5
6
×
3π
16
=
5π
32
A1A1
[2 marks]
(f ) Find the exact values of T and T .

0 1 [3]
Markscheme
π
π
4
T0 = ∫ 1 dx = [x]
4
0
=
π
4
A1
0
π
π
4
T1 = ∫ tan dx = [− ln|cos x|]

4
0
= −ln
1
= ln √ 2 M1A1
√2
0
[3 marks]
(g.i) Use the fact that tan 2

x = sec x − 1
2
to show that T n =
1
− Tn−2 , n ⩾ 2 . [3]
n−1
Markscheme
π π π
4 4 4
n n−2 2 n−2 2
Tn = ∫ tan x dx = ∫ tan x tan x dx = ∫ tan x (sec x − 1) dx
0 0 0
M1
π π
π
4 4
n−1
n−2 2 n−2 tan x 4 1
∫ tan x sec x dx − ∫ tan x dx = [ ] − Tn−2 = − Tn−2
n−1 n−1
0
0 0
A1A1AG
[3 marks]
(g.ii) Explain where the condition n ⩾ 2 was used in your proof. [1]
Markscheme
need n ⩾ 2 so that the powers of tan in

π π
4 4
∫ tan
n−2 2
x sec x dx − ∫ tan
n−2
x dx are not negative R1
0 0
[1 mark]
(h) Hence, find the exact values of T and T . 2 3 [2]
Markscheme
T2 = 1 − T0 = 1 −
π
4
A1
T3 =
1
2
− T1 =
1
2
− ln √ 2 A1
[2 marks]
This question will investigate power series, as an extension to the Binomial Theorem for
negative and fractional indices.
A power series in x is defined as a function of the form

f (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x
2 3
+ a3 x +. . . where the a i ∈ R .
It can be considered as an infinite polynomial.
This is an example of a power series, but is only a finite power series, since only a finite
number of the a are non-zero.
i
We will now attempt to generalise further.
Suppose (1 + x) q
, q ∈ Q can be written as the power series
a0 + a1 x + a2 x
2 3
+ a3 x +. . . .
(a) Expand (1 + x) using the Binomial Theorem.

5
[2]
Markscheme
1 + 5x + 10x
2
+ 10x
3
+ 5x
4
+ x
5
M1A1
[2 marks]
(b) Consider the power series 1 − x + x 2

− x
3 4
+ x −. . .
By considering the ratio of consecutive terms, explain why this series is equal to
and state the values of x for which this equality is true. [4]
−1
(1 + x)
Markscheme
It is an infinite GP with a = 1, r = −x R1A1
M1A1AG
1 1 −1
S∞ = = = (1 + x)
1−(−x) 1+x
[4 marks]
(c) Differentiate the equation obtained part (b) and hence, find the first four terms
in a power series for (1 + x) . [2]
−2
Markscheme
−1 2 3 4
(1 + x) = 1 − x + x − x + x −. . .
A1
−2 2 3
−1(1 + x) = −1 + 2x − 3x + 4x −. . .
A1
−2 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − 2x + 3x − 4x +. . .
[2 marks]
(d) Repeat this process to find the first four terms in a power series for (1 + x)
−3
. [2]
Markscheme
A1
−3 2 3
−2(1 + x) = −2 + 6x − 12x + 20x . . .
A1
−3 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − 3x + 6x − 10x . . .
[2 marks]
(e) Hence, by recognising the pattern, deduce the first four terms in a power series
for (1 + x) ,n ∈ . [3]
−n +
Z
Markscheme
n(n+1) n(n+1)(n+2)
A1A1A1
−n 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − nx + x − x ...
2! 3!
[3 marks]
(f ) By substituting x = 0 , find the value of a .

0 [1]
Markscheme
1
q
= a0 ⇒ a0 = 1 A1
[1 mark]
(g) By differentiating both sides of the expression and then substituting x = 0 , find
the value of a .1 [2]
Markscheme
A1
q −1 2
q(1 + x) = a1 + 2a2 x + 3a3 x +. . .
a1 = q A1
[2 marks]
(h) Repeat this procedure to find a and a . 2 3 [4]
Markscheme
A1
q −2
q (q − 1) (1 + x) = 1 × 2a2 + 2 × 3a3 x+. . .
q (q −1)
a2 =
2!
A1
q −3
q (q − 1) (q − 2) (1 + x) = 1 × 2 × 3a3 +. . . A1
q (q −1)(q −2)
a3 = A1
3!
[4 marks]
(i) Hence, write down the first four terms in what is called the Extended Binomial
Theorem for (1 + x) , q ∈ Q. [1]
q
Markscheme
q (q −1) q (q −1)(q −2)

A1
q 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 + qx + x + x ...
2! 3!
[1 mark]
(j) Write down the power series for 1

. [2]
1+x2
Markscheme
1
2
= 1 − x
2
+ x
4 6
− x +. . . M1A1
1+x
[2 marks]
(k) Hence, using integration, find the power series for arctan x, giving the first four
non-zero terms. [4]
Markscheme
3 5 7
arctan x + c = x −
x
3
+
x
5
−
x
7
+. . . M1A1
Putting x = 0 ⇒ c = 0 R1
3 5 7
So arctan x = x −
x
3
+
x
5
−
x
7
+. . . A1
[4 marks]
This question will investigate power series, as an extension to the Binomial Theorem for
negative and fractional indices.
A power series in x is defined as a function of the form

f (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x
2 3
+ a3 x +. . . where the a i ∈ R .
It can be considered as an infinite polynomial.
This is an example of a power series, but is only a finite power series, since only a finite
number of the a are non-zero.
i
We will now attempt to generalise further.
Suppose (1 + x) q
, q ∈ Q can be written as the power series
a0 + a1 x + a2 x
2 3
+ a3 x +. . . .
(a) Expand (1 + x) using the Binomial Theorem.

5
[2]
Markscheme
1 + 5x + 10x
2
+ 10x
3
+ 5x
4
+ x
5
M1A1
[2 marks]
(b) Consider the power series 1 − x + x 2

− x
3 4
+ x −. . .
By considering the ratio of consecutive terms, explain why this series is equal to
and state the values of x for which this equality is true. [4]
−1
(1 + x)
Markscheme
It is an infinite GP with a = 1, r = −x R1A1
M1A1AG
1 1 −1
S∞ = = = (1 + x)
1−(−x) 1+x
[4 marks]
(c) Differentiate the equation obtained part (b) and hence, find the first four terms
in a power series for (1 + x) . [2]
−2
Markscheme
−1 2 3 4
(1 + x) = 1 − x + x − x + x −. . .
A1
−2 2 3
−1(1 + x) = −1 + 2x − 3x + 4x −. . .
A1
−2 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − 2x + 3x − 4x +. . .
[2 marks]
(d) Repeat this process to find the first four terms in a power series for (1 + x)
−3
. [2]
Markscheme
A1
−3 2 3
−2(1 + x) = −2 + 6x − 12x + 20x . . .
A1
−3 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − 3x + 6x − 10x . . .
[2 marks]
(e) Hence, by recognising the pattern, deduce the first four terms in a power series
for (1 + x) ,n ∈ . [3]
−n +
Z
Markscheme
n(n+1) n(n+1)(n+2)
A1A1A1
−n 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 − nx + x − x ...
2! 3!
[3 marks]
(f ) By substituting x = 0 , find the value of a .

0 [1]
Markscheme
1
q
= a0 ⇒ a0 = 1 A1
[1 mark]
(g) By differentiating both sides of the expression and then substituting x = 0 , find
the value of a .1 [2]
Markscheme
A1
q −1 2
q(1 + x) = a1 + 2a2 x + 3a3 x +. . .
a1 = q A1
[2 marks]
(h) Repeat this procedure to find a and a . 2 3 [4]
Markscheme
A1
q −2
q (q − 1) (1 + x) = 1 × 2a2 + 2 × 3a3 x+. . .
q (q −1)
a2 =
2!
A1
q −3
q (q − 1) (q − 2) (1 + x) = 1 × 2 × 3a3 +. . . A1
q (q −1)(q −2)
a3 = A1
3!
[4 marks]
(i) Hence, write down the first four terms in what is called the Extended Binomial
Theorem for (1 + x) , q ∈ Q. [1]
q
Markscheme
q (q −1) q (q −1)(q −2)

A1
q 2 3
(1 + x) = 1 + qx + x + x ...
2! 3!
[1 mark]
(j) Write down the power series for 1

. [2]
1+x2
Markscheme
1
2
= 1 − x
2
+ x
4 6
− x +. . . M1A1
1+x
[2 marks]
(k) Hence, using integration, find the power series for arctan x, giving the first four
non-zero terms. [4]
Markscheme
3 5 7
arctan x + c = x −
x
3
+
x
5
−
x
7
+. . . M1A1
Putting x = 0 ⇒ c = 0 R1
3 5 7
So arctan x = x −
x
3
+
x
5
−
x
7
+. . . A1
[4 marks]
This question investigates some applications of differential equations to modeling
population growth.
One model for population growth is to assume that the rate of change of the population is
proportional to the population, i.e. dP
dt
= kP , where k ∈ , is the time (in years) and P is
R t
the population
The initial population is 1000.
Given that k = 0.003 , use your answer from part (a) to find
Consider now the situation when k is not a constant, but a function of time.
Given that k = 0.003 + 0.002t , find
Another model for population growth assumes
there is a maximum value for the population, L.

that k is not a constant, but is proportional to (1 − .
P
)
L
(a) Show that the general solution of this differential equation is P = Ae

kt
, where
A ∈ R. [5]
Markscheme
∫
1
P
dP = ∫ kdt M1A1
ln P = kt + c A1A1
P = e
kt+c
A1
P = Ae
kt
, where A = c
e AG
[5 marks]
(b.i) the population after 10 years [2]
Markscheme
when t = 0, P = 1000
⇒ A = 1000 A1
P (10) = 1000e
0.003(10)
= 1030 A1
[2 marks]
(b.ii) the number of years it will take for the population to triple. [2]
Markscheme
3000 = 1000e
0.003t
M1
t =
ln 3
0.003
= 366 years A1
[2 marks]
(b.iii) lim P
[1]
t→∞
Markscheme
lim P = ∞ A1
t→∞
[1 mark]
(c.i) the solution of the differential equation, giving your answer in the form
P = f (t). [5]
Markscheme
∫
1
P
dP = ∫ (0.003 + 0.002t) dt M1
ln P = 0.003t + 0.001t
2
+ c A1A1
2
P = e
0.003t+0.001t +c
A1
when t = 0, P = 1000
⇒ e
c
= 1000 M1
2
0.003t+0.001t
P = 1000e
[5 marks]
(c.ii) the number of years it will take for the population to triple. [4]
Markscheme
M1
2
0.003t+0.001t
3000 = 1000e
ln 3 = 0.003t + 0.001t
2
A1
Use of quadratic formula or GDC graph or GDC polysmlt M1
t = 31.7 years A1
[4 marks]
(d) Show that dP
=
m
P (L − P ) , where m ∈ R . [2]
dt L
Markscheme
, where m is the constant of proportionality A1

P
k = m (1 − )
L
So A1
dP P
= m (1 − )P
dt L
dP
dt
=
m
L
P (L − P ) AG
[2 marks]
(e) Solve the differential equation dP
=
m
P (L − P ) , giving your answer in the
dt L
form P = g (t) . [10]
Markscheme
M1
1 m
∫ dP = ∫ dt
P (L−P ) L
1
=
A
P
+
B
L−P
M1
P (L−P )
1 ≡ A (L − P ) + BP A1
A =
1
L
, B =
1
L
A1
1 1 1 m
∫ ( + ) dP = ∫ dt
L P L−P L
L
(ln P − ln (L − P )) =
m
L
t + c A1A1
, where d M1
P
ln ( ) = mt + d = cL
L−P
L−P
P
= Ce
mt
, where C = e
d
A1
P (1 + Ce
mt
) = CLe
mt
M1
mt
A1
C Le L 1
P = (= , where D = )
mt −mt
(1+C e ) (De +1) C
[10 marks]
(f ) Given that the initial population is 1000, L = 10000 and m = 0.003 , find the
number of years it will take for the population to triple. [4]
Markscheme
1000 =
10000
M1
D+1
D = 9 A1
3000 =
10000
−0.003t
M1
9e +1
t = 450 years A1
[4 marks]
This question will investigate methods for finding definite integrals of powers of
trigonometrical functions.
Let I n = ∫
n
sin x dx, n ∈ N .
0
Let J n = ∫
n
cos x dx, n ∈ N.
Let T n = ∫
n
tan x dx, n ∈ N .
0
(a) Find the exact values of I , I and I .

0 1 2 [6]
Markscheme
π
π
2
I0 = ∫ 1 dx = [x]
2
0
=
π
2
M1A1
0
π
π
2
I1 = ∫ sin x dx = [−cos x]
2
0
= 1 M1A1
0
π π
π
2 2
2
M1A1
2 1−cos 2x x sin 2x π
I2 = ∫ sin x dx = ∫ dx = [ − ] =
2 2 4 4
0
0 0
[6 marks]
(b.i) Use integration by parts to show that I n =
n−1
n
I n−2 , n ⩾ 2 . [5]
Markscheme
n−1
u = sin x v = − cos x
du n−2 dv
= (n − 1) sin x cos x = sin x
dx dx
π
π
2
I n = [−sin
n−1
x cos x]
0
2
+ ∫ (n − 1) sin
n−2
x cos
2
x dx M1A1A1
0
= 0 + ∫ (n − 1) sin
n−2 2
x (1 − sin x) dx = (n − 1) (I n−2 − I n ) M1A1
0
(n−1)
⇒ nI n = (n − 1) I n−2 ⇒ I n =
n
I n−2 AG
[6 marks]
(b.ii) Explain where the condition n ⩾ 2 was used in your proof. [1]
Markscheme
need n ⩾ 2 so that sin n−1 π
2
= 0 in [−sin n−1
x cos x]
0
2
R1
[1 mark]
(c) Hence, find the exact values of I and I . 3 4 [2]
Markscheme
I3 =
2
3
I1 =
2
3
I4 =
3
4
I2 =
3π
16
A1A1
[2 marks]
(d) Use the substitution x =

π
2
− u to show that J n = In . [4]
Markscheme
A1
π dx
x = − u ⇒ = −1
2 du
π π
2 0 0 2
n n π n n
Jn = ∫ cos x dx = ∫ −cos ( − u) du = − ∫ sin u du = ∫ sin u du = I n
2
0 π π 0
2 2
M1A1A1AG
[4 marks]
(e) Hence, find the exact values of J and J
5 6 [2]
Markscheme
J5 = I5 =
4
5
I3 =
4
5
×
2
3
=
15
8
J6 = I6 =
5
6
I4 =
5
6
×
3π
16
=
5π
32
A1A1
[2 marks]
(f ) Find the exact values of T and T .

0 1 [3]
Markscheme
π
π
4
T0 = ∫ 1 dx = [x]
4
0
=
π
4
A1
0
π
π
4
T1 = ∫ tan dx = [− ln|cos x|]

4
0
= −ln
1
= ln √ 2 M1A1
√2
0
[3 marks]
(g.i) Use the fact that tan 2

x = sec x − 1
2
to show that T n =
1
− Tn−2 , n ⩾ 2 . [3]
n−1
Markscheme
π π π
4 4 4
n n−2 2 n−2 2
Tn = ∫ tan x dx = ∫ tan x tan x dx = ∫ tan x (sec x − 1) dx
0 0 0
M1
π π
π
4 4
n−1
n−2 2 n−2 tan x 4 1
∫ tan x sec x dx − ∫ tan x dx = [ ] − Tn−2 = − Tn−2
n−1 n−1
0
0 0
A1A1AG
[3 marks]
(g.ii) Explain where the condition n ⩾ 2 was used in your proof. [1]
Markscheme
need n ⩾ 2 so that the powers of tan in

π π
4 4
∫ tan
n−2 2
x sec x dx − ∫ tan
n−2
x dx are not negative R1
0 0
[1 mark]
(h) Hence, find the exact values of T and T . 2 3 [2]
Markscheme
T2 = 1 − T0 = 1 −
π
4
A1
T3 =
1
2
− T1 =
1
2
− ln √ 2 A1
[2 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 7] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.7
Consider the curve with equation (x 2
+ y )y
2 2
= 4x
2
where x ≥ 0 and −2 < y < 2
Show that the curve has no local maximum or local minimum points for x > 0 . [7]
Markscheme
attempt at implicit differentiation, including use of the product rule (M1)
EITHER
dy dy
(2x + 2y
dx
)y
2
+(x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
= 8x A1A1A1
dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of (2x + 2y dx
2
)y , (x
2 2
+ y )2y
dx
and 8x
OR
2 2 4 2
x y + y = 4x
dy dy
2xy
2
+ 2x y
2
dx
+ 4y
3
dx
= 8x A1A1A1
dy dy
Note: Award A1 for each of 2xy 2
+ 2x y
2
dx
, 4y
3
dx
and 8x.
THEN
dy
at a local maximum or minimum point, dx
= 0 (M1)
2
2xy = 8x
x = 0 or y 2
= 4(⇒ y = ±2) A1
Note: Award A0 for x = 0 or y = 2
since x > 0 and −2 < y < 2 there are no solutions R1

hence there are no local maximum or minimum points AG
[7 marks]
2 2
dy y −2x
Consider the homogeneous differential equation dx
=
xy
, where x, y ≠ 0 .
It is given that y = 2 when x = 1 .
The points of zero gradient on the curve y 2

= f (x) lie on two straight lines of the form
y = mx where m ∈ R .
(a) By using the substitution y = vx , solve the differential equation. Give your
answer in the form y 2
= f (x) . [8]
Markscheme
2 2
dy y −2x
=
dx xy
let y = vx
dy
(A1)
dv
⇒ = v+ x
dx dx
2 2 2
(M1)
dv v x −2x
⇒ v+ x =
dx 2
vx
(A1)
dv −2
⇒ x =
dx v
⇒ ∫ vd v = − ∫
2
x
dx M1
2
⇒
v
2
= −2 ln|x|(+c) A1
Note: Condone the absence of the modulus sign up to this point.
2
y
⇒ 2
= −2 ln|x|+c A1
2x
attempt to substitute x = 1, y = 2 into their integrated expression to find c

M1
⇒ 2 = −2 ln|1|+c ⇒ c = 2
2
y
⇒ = −2 ln|x|+2
2x2
⇒ y
2 2
= 2x (−2 ln|x|+2)(= 4x (1 − ln|x|))
2
A1
[8 marks]
(b) Find the values of m. [2]

Markscheme
dy
attempt to set dx
= 0 in the differential equation (M1)
y = √ 2x and y = − √ 2x or m = ±√2 A1
[2 marks]
The following diagram shows liquid in a round-bottomed glass flask, which is made of
a sphere and a cylindrical neck.
Initially, the flask is empty. Liquid is poured into the flask at a rate of 2 cm s
3 −1
. You
may assume that the liquid does not reach the cylindrical neck.
The volume V cm
3
and the height h cm of the liquid in the flask satisfy the equation
V = 5πh
2
−
1
3
3
πh .
Find the rate of change of the height of the liquid in the flask at the instant when the
volume of the liquid is 200 cm
3
. [6]
Markscheme
EITHER
(A1)
dV 2
( =)10πh − πh
dh
Note: This A1 may be implied by the value dV
dh
= 76. 5616 … .
attempt to use chain rule to find a relationship between dh
dt
,
dV
dt
and dV
dh
(M1)
dh dh dV 1 dV
= × (= × )
dt dV dt dV dt
( )
dh
OR
attempt to differentiate V = 5πh

2
−
1
3
πh
3
throughout with respect to t
(M1)
dV
dt
= 10πh
dh
dt
− πh
2 dh
dt
(A1)
THEN
(10πh − πh )
2 dh
dt
= 2 OR dh
dt
=
2
2
(A1)
10πh−πh
Note: Award this A1 if the correct expression is seen with their h already substituted.
attempt to solve 200 = 5πh

2
−
1
3
πh
3
(M1)
h = 4. 20648 … (A1)
Note: This (M1)(A1) can be awarded independently of all previous marks, and may be
implied by the value dV
dh
= 76. 5616 …
Ignore extra values of h − 3. 24 and 14. 0.
dh
= 0. 0261227 …
dt
dh
= 0. 0261 (cms
−1
) A1
dt
[6 marks]
The continuous random variable X has a probability density function given by
x
axe , 0 ≤ x ≤ b
f (x)={
0, otherwise
where a, b ∈ R
+
.
(a) Find an expression for a in terms of b. [5]
Markscheme
∫ axe
x
dx = 1 (seen anywhere) M1
0
attempt to use integration by parts (either way around) (M1)
[axe ]
x b
0
− ∫ ae
x
d x(= 1) (A1)
0
[axe ]
x b
0
− [ae ] (= 1)
x b
0
A1
Note: Condone incorrect or absent limits up to this point.
b b
abe − ae + a = 1
a =
1
A1
beb −eb +1
[5 marks]
(b) In the case where a = b = 1 , find the median of X. [3]
Markscheme
∫ xe
x
dx =
1
2
(M1)
0
x m x m 1
[xe ] − [e ] =
0 0 2
me
m
− e
m
+ 1 =
1
2
(A1)
m = 0. 768039 …
m = 0. 768 A1
[3 marks]
The function f is defined by f (x)= e
2x
(3x − 4) , where x ∈ R .
The region enclosed by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis and the y -axis is rotated through 2π
radians about the x-axis to form a solid of revolution.
Consider a function g such that g(0) = 1 and g'(0) = 2 .
Find the value of
(a) Find f '(x). [3]
Markscheme
attempt to use product rule (M1)
f '(x) = 3e
2x
+ 2e
2x
(3x − 4)(= e
2x
(6x − 5)) A2
Note: Award A1 for 2 out of 3 of 3e , 6xe 2x 2x

and −8e 2x
seen or implied.
[3 marks]
(b) Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the point on the graph of y = f (x)
where the tangent is parallel to the line y = x.

[3]
Markscheme
f '(x) = 1 (M1)
x = 0. 86299 …
x = 0. 863 A1
y = −7. 92719 …
y = −7. 93 A1
(0. 863, −7. 93)
[3 marks]
(c) Find the volume of this solid. [4]
Markscheme
x -intercept is at 4
3
(1. 33) (A1)
attempt to use formula for volume of revolution (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for an integral involving π and (f (x)) . Condone use of 2π
2
and incorrect or absent limits.
3
2
π ∫ (e
2x
(3x − 4)) dx (A1)
0
Note: This (A1) can be awarded if the dx is omitted.
= 164. 849 …
= 165 A1
[4 marks]
(d.i) (f ∘ g)(0) . [2]
Markscheme
attempt to compose functions in the correct order (M1)
(f ∘ g)(0)= f (g(0))= f (1)

= −7. 38905 …
= −7. 39(= −e )
2
A1
[2 marks]
(d.ii) (f ∘ g)'(0) . [3]
Markscheme
attempt to use the chain rule (M1)
(f ∘ g)'(0)= f '(g(0))g'(0)
Note: For this (M1) to be awarded, multiplication of two derivatives should be

seen or implied.
= 2f '(1)(= 2 × 7. 38905 …) (A1)
= 14. 7781 …
= 14. 8(= 2e )
2
A1
[3 marks]
In this question you will investigate series of the form
Σ i
q
= 1
q
+ 2
q
+ 3
q
+ …+ n
q
where n, q ∈ Z
+
i=1
and use various methods to find polynomials, in terms of n, for such series.
When q = 1 , the above series is arithmetic.
Consider the case when q = 2 .
The following table gives values of n and 2

Σ i
2
for n = 1, 2, 3 .
i=1
You will now consider a method that can be generalized for all values of q.
Consider the function f (x) = 1 + x + x

2
+ …+ x , n ∈ Z
n +
.
Let f 1 (x) = xf '(x) and consider the following family of functions:
f 2 (x) = xf 1 '(x)
f 3 (x) = xf 2 '(x)
f 4 (x) = xf 3 '(x)
f q (x) = xf q −1 '(x)
(a) Show that

n
Σ i =
1
n(n + 1) .
i=1
2 [1]
Markscheme
EITHER
Sn =
n
2
(2 × 1 +(n − 1)×1) A1
OR
u1 = 1 and either un = n or d = 1 stated explicitly A1
OR
1 + 2 + …+ n (or equivalent) stated explicitly A1
THEN
Sn =
n
2
(1 + n) AG
Note: Award A0 for a numerical verification.
[1 mark]
(b.i) Write down the value of p. [1]
Markscheme
14 A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) The sum of the first n square numbers can be expressed as a cubic polynomial
with three terms:
n
Σ i
2 2
= a1 n + a2 n
3
+ a3 n where a 1, a2 , a3 ∈ Q
+
.
i=1
Hence, write down a system of three linear equations in a 1, a2 and a .

3 [3]
Markscheme
a1 + a2 + a3 = 1 A1
2a1 + 4a2 + 8a3 = 5 A1
3a1 + 9a2 + 27a3 = 14 A1
Note: For the third A mark, award A1FT for 3a 1 + 9a2 + 27a3 = p where p is
their answer to part (b) (i).
[3 marks]
(b.iii) Hence, find the values of a 1, a2 and a . 3 [2]
Markscheme
a1 =
1
6
(= 0. 166666 … ≈ 0. 167) , a2 =
1
2
(= 0. 5) ,
a3 =
1
3
(= 0. 333333 … ≈ 0. 333) A2
Note: Award A1 if only two of a , a , a are correct.

1 2 3
Only award FT if three linear equations, each in a , a and a are stated in part
1 2 3
(b) (ii) or (iii).

Award A2FT for their a , a and a .
1 2 3
Award A1FT for their a , a and a = 0.

1 2 3
[2 marks]
(c) Show that xf '(x) = x + 2x
2
+ 3x
3
+ … + nx
n
. [1]
Markscheme
f '(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x
2
+ … + nx
n−1
A1
Note: Award A1 for f '(x) = Σ ix

i−1
.
i=1
⇒ xf '(x) = x + 2x
2
+ 3x
3
+ … + nx
n
AG
[1 mark]
(d.i) Show that f

n
2 i
.
2 (x)= Σ i x
i=1
[2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
f 2 (x)= xf 1 '(x)
2 2 2 2 2 n−1 2 2 n−1
f 1 '(x)= 1 + 2 x +(3 x )+ … + n x (= 1 + 4x +(9x )+ … + n x )
A1
Note: Award A1 for

2 2 2 2 2 n−1 2 2 n−1
xf 1 '(x)= x(1 + 2 x +(3 x )+ … + n x ) (= x(1 + 4x +(9x )+ … + n x ))
2 2 2 2 3 2 n 2 3 2 n
xf 1 '(x)= 1 x + 2 x +(3 x )+ … + n x (= x + 4x +(9x )+ … + n x )
A1
n n
Note: Award A1 for f 1 '(x)= Σ i x

2 i−1
and A1 for xf 1 '(x)= x Σ i x
2 i−1
.
i=1 i=1
The second A1 is dependent on the first A1.
Award a maximum of A0A1 if a general term is not considered.
= Σ i x
2 i
AG
i=1
METHOD 2
d
f 2 (x)= x (xf '(x))
dx
= x(f '(x)+xf ''(x)) (= xf '(x)+x f ''(x))

2
A1
n n
i−1 2 i−2
= x Σ ix + x Σ i(i − 1)x
i=1 i=1
n n n
= Σ ix
i
+ Σ i(i − 1)x
i
(= Σ (i + i
2
− i)x )
i
A1
i=1 i=1 i=1
= Σ i x
2 i
AG
i=1
[2 marks]
(d.ii) Prove by mathematical induction that f

n
q i +
.
q (x)= Σ i x , q ∈ Z
i=1
[6]
Markscheme
consider q = 1
f 1 (x)= x + 2x
2
+ … nx
n
(reference to part (c)) and f 1 (x)= Σ ix
i
i=1
R1
n
assume true for q , (f

= k k (x)= Σ i x
k i
) M1
i=1
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as “let q = k” or “q = k is true”.

Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can be
awarded.
consider q = k + 1
f k+1 (x)= xf k '(x) M1
= x Σ i
k+1
x
i−1
OR x(1 + 2
k+1
x + 3
k+1
x
2
+ …+ n
k+1
x
n−1
) A1
i=1
n
Note: Award the above M1 if f k+1 (x)= x Σ i

k+1
x
i−1
or
i=1
n
xf k '(x)= x Σ i
k+1
x
i−1
(or equivalent) is stated.
i=1
= Σ i
k+1
x
i
OR x + 2
k+1
x
2
+ 3
k+1
x
3
+ …+ n
k+1
x
n
A1
i=1
since true for q = 1 and true for q = k + 1 if true for q = k , hence true for all
q(∈ Z
+
) R1
Note: To obtain the final R1, three of the previous five marks must have been
awarded.
[6 marks]
(d.iii) Using sigma notation, write down an expression for f q (1) . [1]
Markscheme
q q q q
f q (1)= 1 + 2 + 3 + …+ n
n n
A1
q i q
= Σ i (= Σ 1 i )
i=1 i=1
[1 mark]
(e) By considering f (x)= 1 + x + x
2
+ …+ x
n
as a geometric series, for x ≠ 1
n+1
, show that f (x)= .

x −1
x−1
[2]
Markscheme
n
u1 ( r −1 )
uses S n =
r−1
where r = x and u 1 = 1 M1
clear indication there are (n + 1) terms R1

n+1
AG
x −1
f (x)=
x−1
[2 marks]
(f ) For x ≠ 1 , show that f

n+2
nx − ( n+1 ) x
n+1
+x
.
1 (x)=
( x−1 )
2
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
f 1 (x)= xf '(x)
n n+1
( x−1 ) ( n+1 ) x −1× ( x −1 )
= x
2
M1A1
( x−1 )
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use the quotient or the product rule to find
f '(x).
n n+1
( nx+x−n−1 ) x − ( x −1 ) n+1 n n
A1
nx −nx −x +1
= x (= x )
2 2
( x−1 ) ( x−1 )
Note: Award A1 for any correct manipulation of the derivative that leads to the
AG.
n+2 n+1
nx − ( n+1 ) x +x
=
2
AG
( x−1 )
METHOD 2
attempts to form (x − 1)f 1 (x) M1
n+1 2 3 n
(x − 1)f 1 (x)= nx −(x + x + x + …+ x )
n+1
A1
1 n+1 x −1
f 1 (x)= (nx −( − 1))
x−1 x−1
n+1 n+1 n+2 n+1 n+1

1 nx ( x−1 ) −x +x 1 nx −nx −x +x
f 1 (x)= ( ) (= ( ))
x−1 x−1 x−1 x−1
A1
Note: Award A1 for any correct manipulation of the derivative that leads to
the AG.
n+2 n+1
nx − ( n+1 ) x +x
f 1 (x)=
2
AG
( x−1 )
[3 marks]
(g.i) Show that lim f 1 (x) is in indeterminate form. [1]
x→1
Markscheme
n− ( n+1 ) +1
lim f 1 (x)=
0
(=
0
0
) R1
x→1
Note: Only award R1 for sufficient simplification of the numerator, for example,
as shown above.
Do not award R1 if lim is not referred to or stated.

x→1
[1 mark]
(g.ii) Hence, by applying l’Hôpital’s rule, show that lim f 1 (x)=
1
n(n + 1) .
x→1
2 [5]
Markscheme
attempts to differentiate both the numerator and the denominator M1
n+1 2 n
n ( n+2 ) x − ( n+1 ) x +1
lim A1
2 ( x−1 )
x→1
n+1 n n
n ( n+2 ) x −n ( n+1 ) x − ( n+1 ) x +1
Note: Award A1 for ((lim) 2 ( x−1 )
) . This form can
x→1
be used in subsequent work.
(l’Hôpital’s rule applies again since)
n+1 2 n
n ( n+2 ) x − ( n+1 ) x +1
lim =
0
0
R1
2 ( x−1 )
x→1
Note: Do not award R1 if lim is not referred to or stated. Subsequent marks are
x→1
independent of this R mark.
attempts to differentiate both the numerator and the denominator M1
n 2 n−1
n ( n+2 ) ( n+1 ) x −n ( n+1 ) x
lim
2
x→1
2 3 2 3 2
n ( n+2 ) ( n+1 ) −n ( n+1 ) n +3n +2n− ( n +2n +n )
= (= )
2 2
n ( n+1 ) ( ( n+2 ) − ( n+1 ) ) 2
A1
n +n
= (= )
2 2
=
1
2
n(n + 1) AG
[5 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.1.AHL.TZ1.7
The continuous random variable X has probability density function
k
, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
√4−3x2
f (x)={
0, otherwise.
(a) Find the value of k. [4]
Markscheme
attempt to integrate k
(M1)
√4−3x2
√3
= k⌊
1
arcsin(
2
x)⌋ A1
√3
√3
Note: Award (M1)A0 for arcsin( 2
x) .
Condone absence of k up to this stage.
equating their integrand to 1 M1
1
1 √3
k[ arcsin( x)] = 1
√3 2
0
3√3
k =
π
A1
[4 marks]
(b) Find E(X). [4]
Markscheme
3√3 1
A1
x
E(X) = ∫ dx
π 0
√4−3x2
Note: Condone absence of limits if seen at a later stage.
EITHER
attempt to integrate by inspection (M1)

1
3√3 1 −
2 2
= × − ∫ −6x(4 − 3x ) dx
π 6
1
3√3
=
π
[−
1
3
√ 4 − 3x2 ] A1
0
Note: Condone the use of k up to this stage.
OR
for example, u = 4 − 3x
2
⇒
du
dx
= −6x
Note: Other substitutions may be used. For example u = −3x
2
.
√3 1 1
= −
2π
∫
4
u
−
2 du M1
Note: Condone absence of limits up to this stage.
√3 1
= −
2π
[2 √ u]
4
A1
Note: Condone the use of k up to this stage.
THEN
√3
=
π
A1
Note: Award A0M1A1A0 for their k[− 1
3
√ 4 − 3x2 ] or k[−2√u] for working
with incorrect or no limits.
[4 marks]
The function f is defined by f (x) = e
x
sin x , where x ∈ R .
The function g is defined by g(x) = e

x
cos x , where x ∈ R .
(a) Find the Maclaurin series for f (x) up to and including the x term. 3
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognition of both known series (M1)

2 3 5
e
x
= 1 +
x
1!
+
x
2!
+ … and sin x = x −
x
+
x
+ …
3! 5!
attempt to multiply the two series up to and including x term 3

(M1)
2 3 5
x x x x x
e sin x =(1 + + + …)(x − + + …)
1! 2! 3! 5!
3 3
= x −
x
+ x
2
+
x
2!
+ … (A1)
3!
e
x
sin x = x + x
2
+
1
3
x
3
+ … A1
METHOD 2
x
f (x)= e sin x
f '(x)= e
x
cos x + e
x
sin x A1
x x x x x
f ''(x)= e cos x − e sin x + e sin x + e cos x (= 2e cos x)
x x
f '''(x)= 2e cos x − 2e sin x
f ''(x)= 2e
x
cos x and x
f '''(x)= 2e (cos x − sin x) A1
substitute x = 0 into f or its derivatives to obtain Maclaurin series (M1)

2 3
x x x x
e sin x = 0 + × 1 + × 2 + × 2 + …
1! 2! 3!
e
x
sin x = x + x
2
+
1
3
x
3
+ … A1
[4 marks]
(b) Hence, find an approximate value for ∫

1
e
2
x 2
sin(x )d x . [4]
0
Markscheme
(A1)
2
x 2 2 4 1 6
e sin (x )= x + x + x + …
3
substituting their expression and attempt to integrate M1
1 2 1 1
x 2 2 4 6
∫ e sin(x )d x ≈ ∫ (x + x + x )d x
0 0 3
Note: Condone absence of limits up to this stage.
1
3 5 7
= [
x
3
+
x
5
+
x
21
] A1
0
=
61
105
A1
[4 marks]
(c.i) Show that g(x) satisfies the equation g '' (x) = 2(g'(x) − g(x)) . [4]
Markscheme
attempt to use product rule at least once M1
g'(x) = e
x
cos x − e
x
sin x A1
g''(x) = e
x
cos x − e
x
sin x − e
x
sin x − e
x
cos x(= −2e
x
sin x) A1
EITHER
2(g'(x) − g(x))= 2(e

x
cos x − e
x
sin x − e
x
cos x)= −2e
x
sin x A1
OR
g''(x) = 2(e
x
cos x − e
x
sin x − e
x
cos x) A1
THEN
g''(x) = 2(g'(x) − g(x)) AG
Note: Accept working with each side separately to obtain −2e x

sin x .
[4 marks]
(c.ii) Hence, deduce that g (4)

(x)= 2(g '''(x)−g ''(x)) . [1]
Markscheme
g'''(x) = 2(g '' (x) − g'(x)) A1
g
(4)
(x)= 2(g '''(x)−g ''(x)) AG
Note: Accept working with each side separately to obtain −4e x

cos x .
[1 mark]
(d) Using the result from part (c), find the Maclaurin series for g(x) up to and
including the x term.
4
[5]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute x = 0 into a derivative (M1)
g(0)= 1, g'(0)= 1, g ''(0)= 0 A1
g '''(0)= −2, g
(4)
(0)= −4 (A1)
attempt to substitute into Maclaurin formula (M1)
g(x)= 1 + x −
2
3!
x
3
−
4
4!
x
4
+ …(= 1 + x −
1
3
x
3
−
1
6
x
4
+ …) A1
Note: Do not award any marks for approaches that do not use the part (c)
result.
[5 marks]
(e)
x
Hence, or otherwise, determine the value of lim .

e cos x−1−x
x3
x→0
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
1 1
3 4
( 1+x− x − x +… ) −1−x
x
M1
e cos x−1−x 3 6
lim 3
= lim 3
x x
x→0 x→0
= lim (−
1
3
−
1
6
x + …) (A1)
x→0
= −
1
3
A1
Note: Condone the omission of + … in their working.
METHOD 2
x
indeterminate form, attempt to apply l'Hôpital's rule

e cos x−1−x 0
lim =
3
x 0
x→0
M1
x x g' ( x ) −1
e cos x−e sin x−1
= lim 2
(= lim 2
)
3x 3x
x→0 x→0
=
0
0
, using l'Hôpital's rule again
x g'' ( x )
−2e sin x
= lim (= lim )
6x 6x
x→0 x→0
=
0
0
, using l'Hôpital's rule again
x x g''' ( x )
A1
−2e sin x−2e cos x
= lim (= lim )
6 6
x→0 x→0
= −
1
3
A1
[3 marks]
By using the substitution u = sec x or otherwise, find an expression for
π
∫ sec
n
x tan x d x in terms of n, where n is a non-zero real number.
0
[6]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
u = sec x ⇒ d u = sec x tan x d x (A1)
attempts to express the integral in terms of u M1
2
∫
1
u
n−1
du A1
π
=
1
n
[u ]
n 2
1
(=
1
n
[sec
n
x]
3
0
) A1
Note: Condone the absence of or incorrect limits up to this point.
n n
M1
2 −1
=
n
A1
2 −1
=
n
Note: Award M1 for correct substitution of their limits for u into their antiderivative for
u (or given limits for x into their antiderivative for x).
METHOD 2
∫ sec
n
x tan x d x = ∫ sec
n−1
x sec x tan x d x (A1)
applies integration by inspection (M1)

π
=
1
n
[sec
n
x]
3
0
A2
Note: Award A2 if the limits are not stated.
=
1
n
(sec
n π
3
− sec
n
0) M1
Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into their antiderivative.
A1
2 −1
=
n
[6 marks]
dy
Consider the differential equation x 2
dx
= y
2
− 2x
2
for x > 0 and y > 2x . It is given
that y = 3 when x = 1 .
(a) Use Euler’s method, with a step length of 0. 1, to find an approximate value of y
when x = 1. 5. [4]
Markscheme
attempt to use Euler’s method (M1)

2 2
dy dy y −2x
xn+1 = xn + 0. 1; y n+1 = y n + 0. 1 ×
dx
, where dx
= 2
x
correct intermediate y -values (A1)(A1)
3. 7, 4. 63140 … , 5. 92098, 7. 79542 …
Note: A1 for any two correct y -values seen
y = 10. 6958 …
y = 10. 7 A1
Note: For the final A1, the value 10. 7 must be the last value in a table or a list,
or be given as a final answer, not just embedded in a table which has
further lines.
[4 marks]
(b) Use the substitution y = vx to show that x dv
= v
2
− v− 2 . [3]
dx
Markscheme
dy
(A1)
dv
y = vx ⇒ = v+ x
dx dx
dy
replacing y with vx and with v + x M1
dv
dx dx
dy
A1
2 2 2 2 dv 2 2 2
x = y − 2x ⇒ x (v + x )= v x − 2x
dx dx
v+ x
dv
dx
= v
2
− 2 (since x > 0 )
AG
dv 2
x = v − v− 2
dx
[3 marks]
(c.i) By solving the differential equation, show that y =
8x+x
4
. [10]
3
4−x
Markscheme
attempt to separate variables v and x (M1)
dv dx
∫ = ∫
v2 −v−2 x
∫
dv
= ∫
dx
x
(A1)
( v−2 ) ( v+1 )
attempt to express in partial fraction form M1
1 A B
≡ +
( v−2 ) ( v+1 ) v−2 v+1
( v−2 ) ( v+1 )
=
1
3
(
1
v−2
−
1
v+1
) A1
1 1 1 dx
∫( − )d v = ∫
3 v−2 v+1 x
3
(ln|v − 2|− ln|v + 1|)= ln|x|(+c) A1
Note: Condone absence of modulus signs throughout.
EITHER
attempt to find c using x = 1, y = 3, v = 3 M1

1 1
c = ln
3 4
1 1 1
(ln|v − 2|− ln|v + 1|)= ln|x|+ ln
3 3 4
expressing both sides as a single logarithm (M1)
3
v−2 |x|
ln ∣
∣
∣= ln(
∣ )
v+1 4
OR
expressing both sides as a single logarithm (M1)
v−2 3
ln ∣
∣
∣= ln(A|x| )
∣
v+1
attempt to find A using x = 1, y = 3, v = 3 M1
1
A =
4
THEN
(since x )
v−2 1 3
∣ ∣= x > 0
∣ v+1
∣ 4
y
substitute v = x
(seen anywhere) M1
y
−2
x
y =
1
4
x
3
(since y > 2x )
+1
x
y−2x 1 3
(⇒ = x )
y+x 4
attempt to make y the subject M1

3 4
x y
y − = 2x +
x
A1
4 4
AG
8x+x
y =
3
4−x
[10 marks]
(c.ii) Find the actual value of y when x = 1. 5 . [1]
Markscheme
actual value at y(1. 5)= 27. 3 A1
[1 mark]
(c.iii)
4
Using the graph of y , suggest a reason why the approximation

8x+x
=
3
4−x
given by Euler’s method in part (a) is not a good estimate to the actual value of
y at x = 1. 5 . [1]
Markscheme
gradient changes rapidly (during the interval considered) OR
the curve has a vertical asymptote at x 3

= √ 4 (= 1. 5874 …) R1
[1 mark]
Consider the function f (x)= √ x2 − 1 , where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 .
The curve y = f (x) is rotated 2π about the y -axis to form a solid of revolution that is used
to model a water container.
At t = 0, the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a constant rate of
0. 4 m
3
s
−1
.
(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x) , clearly indicating the coordinates of the endpoints. [2]
Markscheme
correct shape (concave down) within the given domain 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 A1
(1, 0) and (2, √3)(=(2, 1. 73)) A1
Note: The coordinates of endpoints may be seen on the graph or marked on

the axes.
[2 marks]
(b.i) Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 2
(x)= √ x + 1 . [3]
Markscheme
interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) M1
2
x = √y − 1
x
2
= y
2
− 1 A1
2
y = √x + 1 A1
f
−1 2
(x)= √ x + 1 AG
[3 marks]
(b.ii) State the domain and range of f −1
. [2]
Markscheme
0 ≤ x ≤ √3 OR domain [0, √3](=[0, 1. 73]) A1
1 ≤ y ≤ 2 OR 1 ≤ f
−1
(x)≤ 2 OR range [1, 2] A1
[2 marks]
(c.i) Show that the volume, V m

3
, of water in the container when it is filled to a
height of h metres is given by V = π(
1
3
3
h .
+ h)
[3]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute x 2
= √y + 1 into the correct volume formula (M1)
h 2 h
2
V = π ∫ (√y + 1) d y (= π ∫ (y
2
+ 1)d y) A1
0 0
= π[
1
y
3
+ y] A1
3
0
= π(
1
3
h
3
+ h) AG
Note: Award marks as appropriate for correct work using a different variable
h 2
e.g. π ∫ 2
(√ x + 1) dx
[3 marks]
(c.ii) Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container. [2]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute h = √ 3 (= 1. 732 …) into V (M1)
V = 10. 8828 …
3
V = 10. 9 (m ) (= 2 √ 3π) (m )
3
A1
[2 marks]
(d) Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume. [2]
Markscheme
2√3π
time = 10.8828…
0.4
(=
0.4
) (M1)
= 27. 207 …
= 27. 2(= 5 √ 3π)(s) A1
[2 marks]
(e) Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is filled to
half its maximum volume.
[6]
Markscheme
attempt to find the height of the tank when V = 5. 4414 … (= √ 3π)
(M1)
1 3
π( h + h)= 5. 4414 … (= √ 3π)
3
h = 1. 1818 … (A1)
attempt to use the chain rule or differentiate V = π(

1
3
3
h + h) with respect
to t (M1)
dh
dt
=
dh
×
dV
dt
=
1
2
×
dV
dt
OR dV
dt
= π(h
2
+ 1)
dh
dt
(A1)
dV π ( h +1 )
attempt to substitute their h and dV
dt
= 0. 4 (M1)
dh 0.4
= = 0. 053124 …
2
dt π ( 1.1818… +1 )
= 0. 0531 (m s
−1
) A1
[6 marks]
2
2 ( y−4 )
The following diagram shows the curve x
36
+
16
= 1 , where h ≤ y ≤ 4 .
The curve from point Q to point B is rotated 360° about the y -axis to form the
interior surface of a bowl. The rectangle OPQR, of height h cm, is rotated 360° about
the y -axis to form a solid base.
The bowl is assumed to have negligible thickness.
Given that the interior volume of the bowl is to be 285 cm

3
, determine the height of
the base. [5]
Markscheme
attempts to express x in terms of y

2
(M1)
4 2
( y−4 )
V = π ∫ 36(1 −
16
)d y A1
h
Note: Correct limits are required.
4 2
( y−4 )
Attempts to solve π ∫ 36(1 −
16
)d y = 285 for h (M1)
h
3 2
Note: Award M1 for attempting to solve 36π( h
48
−
h
4
+
8
3
)= 285 or equivalent for
h.
h = 0. 7926 …
h = 0. 793 (cm) A2
[5 marks]
arctan ( cos x ) −k
Consider lim x2
, where k ∈ R .
x→0
(a) Show that a finite limit only exists for k = π
4
. [2]
Markscheme
(as lim x 2
= 0 , the indeterminate form 0
0
is required for the limit to exist)
x→0
⇒ lim (arctan(cos x)−k)= 0 M1

x→0
arctan 1 − k = 0 (k = arctan 1) A1
so k = π
4
AG
Note: Award M1A0 for using k = π
4
to show the limit is . 0
[2 marks]
(b) Using l’Hôpital’s rule, show algebraically that the value of the limit is − . 1
[6]
4
Markscheme
π
arctan ( cos x ) −
4 0
lim (= )
2
x 0
x→0
− sin x
A1A1
2
1+cos x
= lim
2x
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.
recognises to apply l’Hôpital’s rule again (M1)

− sin x
1+cos2 x 0
= lim (= )
2x 0
x→0
Note: Award M0 if their limit is not the indeterminate form . 0
EITHER
2 2
− cosx ( 1+cos x ) −2 sin x cosx
2
( 1+cos2 x )
= lim
2
A1A1
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct first term in the numerator and A1 for a
correct second term in the numerator.
OR
A1A1
− cos x
lim
2
2 ( 1+cos x ) −4x sin x cos x
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.
THEN
substitutes x = 0 into the correct expression to evaluate the limit A1
Note: The final A1 is dependent on all previous marks.

= −
1
4
AG
[6 marks]
The population, P , of a particular species of marsupial on a small remote island can
be modelled by the logistic differential equation
dP P
= kP (1 − )
dt N
where t is the time measured in years and k, N are positive constants.
The constant N represents the maximum population of this species of marsupial that
the island can sustain indefinitely.
Let P be the initial population of marsupials.

0
(a) In the context of the population model, interpret the meaning of dP

. [1]
dt
Markscheme
rate of growth (change) of the (marsupial) population (with respect to time)

A1
[1 mark]
Note: Do not accept growth (change) in the (marsupials) population per year.
(b) Show that d

2
P 2 P 2P
.
dt
2
= k P (1 −
N
)(1 −
N
)
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
2
attempts implicit differentiation on dP
dt
= kP −
kP
N
be expanding
kP (1 −
P
N
) (M1)
2
d P
2
= k
dP
dt
− 2
kP
N
dP
dt
A1A1
dt
= k
dP
dt
(1 −
2P
N
) A1
and so AG
2
dP P d P 2 P 2P
= kP (1 − ) = k P (1 − )(1 − )
2
dt N dt N N
METHOD 2
attempts implicit differentiation (product rule) on dP
dt
= kP (1 −
P
N
) M1
A1
d P dP P 1 dP
2
= k (1 − )+kP (−( ) )
dt dt N N dt
substitutes into their M1

dP P d P
= kP (1 − ) 2
dt N dt
2
d P P P 1 P
2
= k(kP (1 − ))(1 − )+kP (−( )kP (1 − ))
dt N N N N
2
2 P 2 P P
= k P (1 − ) − k P (1 − )( )
N N N
= k P (1 −
2 P
N
)(1 −
P
N
−
P
N
) A1
so AG
d P 2 P 2P
2
= k P (1 − )(1 − )
dt N N
[4 marks]
(c) Hence show that the population of marsupials will increase at its maximum rate
when P =
N
2
. Justify your answer. [5]
Markscheme
(M1)
d P 2 P 2P
= 0 ⇒ k P (1 − )(1 − )= 0
d t2 N N
P = 0,
N
2
,N A2
Note: Award A1 for P =

N
2
only.
uses the second derivative to show that concavity changes at P or the

N
=
2
first derivative to show a local maximum at P M1

N
=
2
EITHER
2
a clearly labelled correct sketch of versus P showing P

d P N
2
=
dt 2
corresponding to a local maximum point for dP
dt
R1
OR
a correct and clearly labelled sign diagram (table) showing P =

N
corresponding to a local maximum point for dP
dt
R1
OR
2 2 2 2
for example, with P and with

d P 3k N N d P 3k N
= (> 0) = = (< 0)
2 4 2
dt 32 dt 32
P =
3N
4
showing P =
N
2
corresponds to a local maximum point for dP
dt
R1
so the population is increasing at its maximum rate when P =

N
2
AG
[5 marks]
(d) Hence determine the maximum value of dP
in terms of k and N . [2]
dt
Markscheme
substitutes P =
N
2
into dP
dt
(M1)
dP N 2
= k( )(1 − )
dt 2 N
the maximum value of is A1

dP kN
dt 4
[2 marks]
(e) By solving the logistic differential equation, show that its solution can be
expressed in the form
N −P0
.
P
kt = ln
P0
(
N −P
)
[7]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to separate variables M1
N
∫ dP = ∫ k dt
P ( N −P )
attempts to write N
in partial fractions form M1
P ( N −P )
N A B
≡ + ⇒ N ≡ A(N − P )+BP
P ( N −P ) P ( N −P )
A = 1, B = 1 A1
N 1 1
≡ +
P ( N −P ) P ( N −P )
1 1
∫( + )d P = ∫ k d t
P ( N −P )
⇒ ln P − ln(N − P )= kt(+C) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for − ln(N − P ) and A1 for ln P and kt(+C). Absolute

value signs are not required.
attempts to find C in terms of N and P 0 M1
when t = 0, P = P0 and so C = ln P0 − ln(N − P0 )
P0
⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
A1
P N −P
kt = ln( )− ln( ) = ln
N −Po P
N −P 0
⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
N −P
0
N −P0
so kt = AG
P
ln ( )
P0 N −P
METHOD 2
1
∫ dP = ∫ k dt
P
P ( 1− )
N
attempts to write 1
P
in partial fractions form M1
P ( 1− )
N
1 A B P
≡ + ⇒ 1 ≡ A(1 − )+BP
P P P N
P ( 1− ) 1−
N
N
A = 1, B =
1
N
A1
1 1 1
≡ +
P P P
P ( 1− ) N ( 1− )
N N
1 1
∫ + dP = ∫ k dt
P P
N ( 1− )
N
⇒ ln P − ln(1 −
P
N
)= kt(+C) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for − ln(1 − and A1 for ln and kt(+C). Absolute
P
) P
N
value signs are not required.
P NP
ln( )= kt + C ⇒ ln( )= kt + C
P
N −P
1−
N
when t = and so C
N P0
0, P = P0 = ln( )
N −P0
⎛ ⎞
A1
NP N P0 N −P
kt = ln( )− ln( ) = ln
P
N −P N −P0 0
⎝ ⎠
N −P
0
N −P0
AG
P
kt = ln ( )
P0 N −P
METHOD 3
lets u =
P
1
and forms du
dt
= −
1
2
dP
dt
M1
P
multiplies both sides of the differential equation by − 1

2
and makes the
P
above substitutions M1
1 dP 1 1 du 1
− = k( − )⇒ = k( − u)
2 N P N
P dt dt
du
dt
+ ku =
k
N
(linear first-order DE) A1
IF = e
∫ kd t
= e
kt
⇒ e
kt d u
dt
+ ke
kt
u =
k
N
e
kt
(M1)
d kt k kt
(ue )= e
dt N
ue
kt
=
N
1
e
kt
(+C) (
1
P
e
kt
=
1
N
e
kt
(+C)) A1
when t = and so C
1 1 1 N −P0
0, P = P0 , u = = − (= )
P0 P0 N N P0
N −P N −P0
kt
e ( )=
NP N P0
N −P0
A1
kt P
e =( )( )
N −P P0
N −P0
AG
P
kt = ln ( )
P0 N −P
[7 marks]
(f ) After 10 years, the population of marsupials is 3P . It is known that N

0 = 4P0 .
Find the value of k for this population model. [2]
Markscheme
substitutes t = and N into kt = M1

P N −P0
10, P = 3P0 = 4P0 ln ( )
P0 N −P
4P0 −P0
10k = ln 3( ) (= ln 9)
4P0 −3P0
k = 0. 220 (=
1
10
ln 9, =
1
5
ln 3) A1
[2 marks]
This question asks you to explore properties of a family of curves of the type
y
2
= x
3
+ ax + b for various values of a and b, where a, b ∈ N .
On the same set of axes, sketch the following curves for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −2 ≤ y ≤ 2
, clearly indicating any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.
Now, consider curves of the form y 2

= x
3
+ b , for x ≥ −√b
3
, where b ∈ Z
+
.
Next, consider the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x, x ≥ 0 .
The curve y 2
= x
3
+ x has two points of inflexion. Due to the symmetry of the curve these
points have the same x-coordinate.
P(x, y) is defined to be a rational point on a curve if x and y are rational numbers.
The tangent to the curve y 2

= x
3
+ ax + b at a rational point P intersects the curve at
another rational point Q.
Let C be the curve y 2

= x
3
+ 2 , for x ≥ −√2
3
. The rational point P(−1, − 1) lies on C.
(a.i) y
2 3
= x , x ≥ 0 [2]
Markscheme
approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2
= x
3
A1
including cusp/sharp point at (0, 0) A1
[2 marks]
Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct

place with respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’
or are discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only
one correct branch of both curves are seen.
Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks

for the ‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.
(a.ii) y
2
= x
3
+ 1, x ≥ −1 [2]
Markscheme
approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y = x2 3

+ 1 with
approximately correct gradient at axes intercepts A1
some indication of position of intersections at x = −1, y = ±1 A1
[2 marks]
Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct

place with respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’
or are discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only
one correct branch of both curves are seen.
Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks

for the ‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.
(b.i) Write down the coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the curve
y
2
= x
3
+ 1 . [1]
Markscheme
(0, 1) and (0, − 1) A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) By considering each curve from part (a), identify two key features that would
distinguish one curve from the other. [1]
Markscheme
Any two from:

y
2
= x
3
has a cusp/sharp point, (the other does not)
graphs have different domains
y
2
= x
3
+ 1 has points of inflexion, (the other does not)
graphs have different x-axis intercepts (one goes through the origin, and the
other does not)
graphs have different y -axis intercepts A1
Note: Follow through from their sketch in part (a)(i). In accordance with
marking rules, mark their first two responses and ignore any subsequent.
[1 mark]
(c) By varying the value of b, suggest two key features common to these curves. [2]
Markscheme
Any two from:
as , x → ∞, y → ±∞
as x → ∞, y
2
= x
3
+ b is approximated by y 2
= x
3
(or similar)
they have x intercepts at x = −√b

3
they have y intercepts at y =(±)√ b
they all have the same range
y = 0 (or x-axis) is a line of symmetry
they all have the same line of symmetry (y = 0)

they have one x-axis intercept
they have two y -axis intercepts
they have two points of inflexion
at x-axis intercepts, curve is vertical/infinite gradient
there is no cusp/sharp point at x-axis intercepts A1A1
Note: The last example is the only valid answer for things “not” present. Do
not credit an answer of “they are all symmetrical” without some reference to the
line of symmetry.
Note: Do not allow same/ similar shape or equivalent.
Note: In accordance with marking rules, mark their first two responses and
ignore any subsequent.
[2 marks]
(d.i) Show that

dy 2
3x +1
, for x .
dx
= ±
3
2√x +x
> 0
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate implicitly M1

dy
2y
dx
= 3x
2
+ 1 A1
dy 2 dy
OR A1
3x +1 3 2
= (±)2 √ x + x = 3x + 1
dx 2y dx
dy 2
AG
3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√x +x
METHOD 2
attempt to use chain rule y =(±)√ x

3
+ x M1
1
dy −
dx
=(±)
1
2
(x
3
+ x)
2
(3x
2
+ 1) A1A1
1
−
Note: Award A1 for (±) , A1 for (3x
1 3 2 2
(x + x) + 1)
2
dy 2
AG
3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√x +x
[3 marks]
(d.ii) Hence deduce that the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x has no local minimum or maximum
points.
[1]
Markscheme
EITHER
dy
local minima/maxima occur when dx
= 0
1 + 3x
2
= 0 has no (real) solutions (or equivalent) R1
OR
dy
(x
2
≥ 0 ⇒) 3x
2
+ 1 > 0 , so dx
≠ 0 R1
THEN
so, no local minima/maxima exist AG
[1 mark]
(e) Find the value of this x-coordinate, giving your answer in the form
p√3+q
x = √
r
, where p, q, r ∈ Z . [7]
Markscheme
EITHER
2
d y
attempt to use quotient rule to find 2
M1
dx
1
−
2 3 2
2 12x√x+x3 − ( 1+3x ) ( x+x ) 2 ( 1+3x )
A1A1
d y
=(±)
2 3
dx 4 ( x+x )
Note: Award A1 for correct 12x√x + x and correct denominator, A1 for 3
1
−
correct −(1 + 3x 2
)(x + x )
3 2
(1 + 3x )
2
.
Note: Future A marks may be awarded if the denominator is missing or

incorrect.
2
d y
stating or using 2
= 0 (may be seen anywhere) (M1)
dx
1
−
3 2 3 2
12x√ x + x
2
=(1 + 3x )(x + x ) (1 + 3x )
OR
2
d y
attempt to use product rule to find M1
d x2
2 3 1
d y − −
d x2
=
1
2
(3x
2
+ 1)(−
1
2
)(3x
2
+ 1)(x
3
+ x)
2
+ 3x(x
3
+ x)
2
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct first term, A1 for correct second term.
2
d y
setting = 0 (M1)
d x2
OR
dy
attempts implicit differentiation on 2y dx
= 3x
2
+ 1 M1
2 2
dy d y
2(
dx
) + 2y
2
= 6x A1
dx
2
d y
recognizes that = 0 (M1)
d x2
dy
= ± √ 3x
dx
(A1)
3x +1
(±) =(±)√ 3x
2√x3 +x
THEN
2
3 2
12x(x + x )= (1 + 3x )
2 4 4 2
12x + 12x = 9x + 6x + 1
3x
4
+ 6x
2
− 1 = 0 A1
attempt to use quadratic formula or equivalent (M1)
2 −6± √48
x =
6
2√3−3
(x > 0 ⇒)x = √
3
(p = 2, q = −3, r = 3) A1
Note: Accept any integer multiple of p, q and r (e.g. 4, −6 and 6).
[7 marks]
(f.i) Find the equation of the tangent to C at P. [2]

Markscheme
attempt to find tangent line through (−1, − 1) (M1)
y + 1 = −
3
2
(x + 1) OR y = −1. 5x − 2. 5 A1
[2 marks]
(f.ii) Hence, find the coordinates of the rational point Q where this
tangent intersects C, expressing each coordinate as a fraction. [2]
Markscheme
attempt to solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)
Note: The M1 mark can be awarded for an unsupported correct answer in

an incorrect format (e.g. (4. 25, − 8. 875)).
obtain ( 17
4
, −
71
8
) A1
[2 marks]
(g) The point S(−1 , 1) also lies on C. The line [QS] intersects C at a further
point. Determine the coordinates of this point. [5]
Markscheme
attempt to find equation of [QS] (M1)
y−1
= −
79
42
(= −1. 88095 …) (A1)
x+1
solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)
A1
127
x = 0. 28798 …(= )
441
A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= )
9261
(0. 228, −1. 42)
OR
attempt to find vector equation of [QS] (M1)
21
x −1
(A1)
4
( )=( )+λ( )
79
y 1 −
8
21
x = −1 + λ
4
79
y = 1 − λ
8
2 3
attempt to solve (1 − 79
8
λ) = (−1 +
21
4
λ) + 2 (M1)
λ = 0. 2453 …
A1
127
x = 0. 28798 …(= )
441
A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= )
9261
(0. 228, −1. 42)
[5 marks]
dy 2y
Solve the differential equation , given that y at x .
ln 2x 1
= − , x > 0 = 4 =
dx x2 x 2
Give your answer in the form y = f (x) . [7]
Markscheme
dy 2y
(M1)
ln 2x
+ = 2
dx x x
attempt to find integrating factor (M1)
(e
∫
x
dx
= e
2 ln x
)= x
2
(A1)
2 dy
x + 2xy = ln 2x
dx
d 2
(x y)= ln 2x
dx
2
x y = ∫ ln 2x d x
attempt to use integration by parts (M1)
2
x y = x ln 2x − x(+c) A1
ln 2x 1 c
y = − + 2
x x x
substituting x =
1
2
, y = 4 into an integrated equation involving c M1
4 = 0 − 2 + 4c
3
⇒ c =
2
y =
ln 2x
x
−
1
x
+
3
2
A1
2x
[7 marks]
(a) Prove by mathematical induction that
n
d
d xn
2
(x e )=[x
x 2
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]e
x
for n ∈ Z
+
. [7]
Markscheme
For n = 1
LHS: dx
d 2
(x e )= x e
x 2 x x
+ 2xe (= e (x
x 2
+ 2x)) A1
RHS: (x 2
+ 2(1)x + 1(1 − 1))e (= e (x
x x 2
+ 2x)) A1
so true for n = 1
now assume true for n = k; i.e.

d 2 x 2 x
(x e )=[x + 2kx + k(k − 1)]e
k
dx
M1
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as "let n = k". Subsequent marks
can still be awarded.
attempt to differentiate the RHS M1

k +1
d 2 x d 2 x
(x e )= ([x + 2kx + k(k − 1)]e )
d xk +1 dx
=(2x + 2k)e
x
+(x
2
+ 2kx + k(k − 1))e
x
A1
=[x
2
+ 2(k + 1)x + k(k + 1)]e
x
A1
so true for n = k implies true for n = k + 1
therefore n = 1 true and n = k true ⇒ n = k + 1 true
therefore, true for all n ∈ Z

+
R1
Note: Award R1 only if three of the previous four marks have been awarded
[7 marks]
(b) Hence or otherwise, determine the Maclaurin series of f (x)= x e
2 x
in
ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x . 4
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
n
attempt to use d
dx
n
2
(x e )=[x
x 2
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]e
x
(M1)
Note: For x = 0 , d xn
d
(x e )
2 x
x=0
= n(n − 1) may be seen.
(4)
f (0)= 0, f '(0)= 0, f ''(0)= 2, f '''(0)= 6, f (0)= 12
2 3 4
use of f (x)= f (0)+xf '(0)+

x
2!
f ''(0)+
x
f '''(0)+
x
4!
f
(4)
(0)+ …
3!
(M1)
⇒ f (x)≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
A1
METHOD 2
'x 2
× Maclaurin series of e ' x
(M1)
(A1)
2
2 x
x (1 + x + + …)
2!
⇒ f (x)≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
A1
[3 marks]
(c) 2 x
( x e −x
2
)
3
Hence or otherwise, determine the value of lim[ .

]
x→0
x
9
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
3
2 x 2
( x e −x )
e
x
≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
into x9
M1
3
3 2 3 1 4 2
2 x 2 ( x +x + x ( +… ) −x )
( x e −x )
(A1)
2
≈
9 9
x x
EITHER
3
3 1 4
(x + x +… )
A1
2
= 9
x
9
x ( + higher order terms )
= 9
x
OR
1
3
3 4
x + x ( +… )
(
2
3
) A1
x
3
1
(1 + x(+ …))
2
THEN
= 1 (+ higher order terms)
3
2 x 2
( x e −x )
so lim[ 9
]= 1 A1
x
x→0
METHOD 2
3
2 x 2
2 x 2
3
( x e −x )
M1
x e −x
lim [ ]= lim ( )
x9 x3
x→0 x→0
x
3
= lim (
e −1
x
) (A1)
x→0
attempt to use L'Hôpital's rule M1
x
3
e −0
= lim ( )
1
x→0
x
= [lim e ]
x→0
= 1 A1
[4 marks]
Consider the expression 1
− √1 − x where a ∈ Q, a ≠ 0 .
√1+ax
The binomial expansion of this expression, in ascending powers of x, as far as the term in x 2
is 4bx + bx , where b ∈ Q.
2
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [6]
Markscheme
attempt to expand binomial with negative fractional power (M1)

1 2 2
A1
1 − ax 3a x
= (1 + ax) 2
= 1 − + + …
√1+ax 2 8
1
2
√1 − x = (1 − x) 2
= 1 −
x
2
−
x
8
+ … A1
( 1−a ) 2
1 3a +1 2
− √1 − x = x +( )x + …
√1+ax 2 8
attempt to equate coefficients of x or x 2

(M1)
2
1−a 2 3a +1
x : = 4b; x : = b
2 8
attempt to solve simultaneously (M1)
a = −
1
3
, b =
1
6
A1
[6 marks]
(b) State the restriction which must be placed on x for this expansion to be valid. [1]
Markscheme
|x|< 1 A1
[1 mark]
(a) Prove by mathematical induction that
n
d
d xn
2
(x e )=[x
x 2
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]e
x
for n ∈ Z
+
. [7]
Markscheme
For n = 1
LHS: dx
d 2
(x e )= x e
x 2 x x
+ 2xe (= e (x
x 2
+ 2x)) A1
RHS: (x 2
+ 2(1)x + 1(1 − 1))e (= e (x
x x 2
+ 2x)) A1
so true for n = 1
now assume true for n = k; i.e.

d 2 x 2 x
(x e )=[x + 2kx + k(k − 1)]e
k
dx
M1
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as "let n = k". Subsequent marks
can still be awarded.
attempt to differentiate the RHS M1

k +1
d 2 x d 2 x
(x e )= ([x + 2kx + k(k − 1)]e )
d xk +1 dx
=(2x + 2k)e
x
+(x
2
+ 2kx + k(k − 1))e
x
A1
=[x
2
+ 2(k + 1)x + k(k + 1)]e
x
A1
so true for n = k implies true for n = k + 1
therefore n = 1 true and n = k true ⇒ n = k + 1 true
therefore, true for all n ∈ Z

+
R1
Note: Award R1 only if three of the previous four marks have been awarded
[7 marks]
(b) Hence or otherwise, determine the Maclaurin series of f (x)= x e
2 x
in
ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x . 4
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
n
attempt to use d
dx
n
2
(x e )=[x
x 2
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]e
x
(M1)
Note: For x = 0 , d xn
d
(x e )
2 x
x=0
= n(n − 1) may be seen.
(4)
f (0)= 0, f '(0)= 0, f ''(0)= 2, f '''(0)= 6, f (0)= 12
2 3 4
use of f (x)= f (0)+xf '(0)+

x
2!
f ''(0)+
x
f '''(0)+
x
4!
f
(4)
(0)+ …
3!
(M1)
⇒ f (x)≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
A1
METHOD 2
'x 2
× Maclaurin series of e ' x
(M1)
(A1)
2
2 x
x (1 + x + + …)
2!
⇒ f (x)≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
A1
[3 marks]
(c) 2 x
( x e −x
2
)
3
Hence or otherwise, determine the value of lim[ .

]
x→0
x
9
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
3
2 x 2
( x e −x )
e
x
≈ x
2
+ x
3
+
1
2
x
4
into x9
M1
3
3 2 3 1 4 2
2 x 2 ( x +x + x ( +… ) −x )
( x e −x )
(A1)
2
≈
9 9
x x
EITHER
3
3 1 4
(x + x +… )
A1
2
= 9
x
9
x ( + higher order terms )
= 9
x
OR
1
3
3 4
x + x ( +… )
(
2
3
) A1
x
3
1
(1 + x(+ …))
2
THEN
= 1 (+ higher order terms)
3
2 x 2
( x e −x )
so lim[ 9
]= 1 A1
x
x→0
METHOD 2
3
2 x 2
2 x 2
3
( x e −x )
M1
x e −x
lim [ ]= lim ( )
x9 x3
x→0 x→0
x
3
= lim (
e −1
x
) (A1)
x→0
attempt to use L'Hôpital's rule M1
x
3
e −0
= lim ( )
1
x→0
x
= [lim e ]
x→0
= 1 A1
[4 marks]
Consider the curve C given by y = x − xy ln(xy) where x > 0, y > 0 .
(a) Show that

dy dy
.
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1
[3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to differentiate implicitly including at least one application of the

product rule (M1)
du dy dv dy 1
u = xy, v = ln(xy), = x + y, =(x + y)
dx dx dx dx xy
dy xy dy dy
dx
= 1 −[
xy
(x
dx
+ y)+(x
dx
+ y)ln(xy)] A1
Note: Award (M1)A1 for implicitly differentiating y = x(1 − y ln(xy)) and

dy xy dy dy
obtaining dx
= 1 −[
xy
(x
dx
+ y)+x
dx
ln(xy)+y ln(xy)] .
dy dy dy
= 1 −[(x + y)+(x + y)ln(xy)]
dx dx dx
dy dy
dx
= 1 −(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy)) A1
dy dy
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 AG
METHOD 2
y = x − xy ln x − xy ln y
attempts to differentiate implicitly including at least one application of the

product rule (M1)
dy xy dy xy dy dy
= 1 −( +(x + y)ln x)−( +(x + y)ln y)
dx x dx y dx dx
A1
or equivalent to the above, for example
dy dy dy dy
= 1 −(x ln x +(1 + ln x)y)−(y ln y + x(ln y + ))
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
dx
= 1 − x
dx
(ln x + ln y + 1)−y(ln x + ln y + 1) A1
or equivalent to the above, for example
dy dy
= 1 − x (ln (xy)+1)−y(ln (xy)+1)
dx dx
dy dy
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 AG
METHOD 3
attempt to differentiate implicitly including at least one application of the

product rule M1
du dy x dv dy
u = x ln (xy), v = y, = ln(xy)+(x + y) , =
dx dx xy dx dx
dy dy xy dy
dx
= 1 −(x
dx
ln(xy)+y ln(xy)+
xy
(x
dx
+ y)) A1
dy dy
dx
= 1 − x
dx
(ln(xy)+1)−y(ln(xy)+1) A1
dy dy
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 AG
METHOD 4
dy
lets w = xy and attempts to find dx
where y = x − w ln w M1
dy
A1
dw dw dw
= 1 −( + ln w) (= 1 − (1 + ln w))
dx dx dx dx
dy
A1
dw
= x + y
dx dx
dy dy dy dy
= 1 −(x + y +(x + y)ln(xy)) (= 1 −(x + y)(1 + ln(xy)))
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 AG
[3 marks]
(b) Hence find the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 1 . [5]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
substitutes x = 1 into y = x − xy ln(xy) (M1)
y = 1 − y ln y ⇒ y = 1 A1
substitutes x = 1 and their non-zero value of y into

dy dy
dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 (M1)
dy dy
2
dx
= 0 (
dx
= 0) A1
equation of the tangent is y = 1 A1
METHOD 2
dy dy
substitutes x = 1 into dx
+(x
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1 (M1)
dy dy
+( + y)(1 + ln(y))= 1
dx dx
EITHER
1−y dy dy
correctly substitutes ln y =
y
into dx
+(
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1
A1
dy dy
dx
(1 +
1
y
)= 0 ⇒
dx
= 0 (y = 1) A1
OR
dy dy
correctly substitutes y + y ln y = 1 into dx
+(
dx
+ y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1
A1
dy dy
dx
(2 + ln y)= 0 ⇒
dx
= 0 (y = 1) A1
THEN
substitutes x = 1 into y = x − xy ln(xy) (M1)
y = 1 − y ln y ⇒ y = 1
equation of the tangent is y = 1 A1
[5 marks]
In this question you will be exploring the strategies required to solve a system of linear
differential equations.
Consider the system of linear differential equations of the form:
dy
and ,
dx
= x − y = ax + y
dt dt
where x, y, t ∈ R
+
and a is a parameter.
First consider the case where a = 0.
Now consider the case where a = −1 .
Now consider the case where a = −4 .
From previous cases, we might conjecture that a solution to this differential equation is
y = F e , λ ∈ R and F is a constant.
λt
(a.i) By solving the differential equation

dy
= y , show that y = Ae
t
where A is a
dt
constant. [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
dy
= y
dt
dy
∫
y
= ∫ dt (M1)
ln y = t + c OR ln |y|= t + c A1A1
Note: Award A1 for ln y and A1 for t and c.
y = Ae
t
AG
METHOD 2
dy
rearranging to dt
− y = 0 AND multiplying by integrating factor e −t
M1
ye
−t
= A A1A1
y = Ae
t
AG
[3 marks]
(a.ii) Show that dx

− x = −Ae
t
. [1]
dt
Markscheme
substituting y = Ae
t
into differential equation in x M1
dx t
= x − Ae
dt
AG
dx t
− x = −Ae
dt
[1 mark]
(a.iii) Solve the differential equation in part (a)(ii) to find x as a function of t. [4]
Markscheme
integrating factor (IF) is e ∫ −1 d t

(M1)
= e
−t
(A1)
−t d x −t
e − xe = −A
dt
xe
−t
= −At + D (A1)
x =(−At + D)e
t
A1
Note: The first constant must be A, and the second can be any constant for the
final A1 to be awarded. Accept a change of constant applied at the end.
[4 marks]
(b.i)
2
dy d y dy
By differentiating dt
= −x + y with respect to t, show that 2
= 2
dt
.
dt
[3]
Markscheme
2
d y dy
2
= −
dx
dt
+
dt
A1
dt
EITHER
dy
= −x + y +
dt
(M1)
dy dy
=
dt
+
dt
A1
OR
= −x + y +(−x + y) (M1)
= 2(−x + y) A1
THEN
dy
= 2
dt
AG
[3 marks]
(b.ii) By substituting Y =
dy
, show that Y = Be
2t
where B is a constant. [3]
dt
Markscheme
dY
dt
= 2Y A1
∫
dY
Y
= ∫ 2dt M1
ln|Y |= 2t + c OR ln Y = 2t + c A1
Y = Be
2t
AG
[3 marks]
(b.iii) Hence find y as a function of t. [2]
Markscheme
dy
2t
= Be
dt
y = ∫ Be
2t
dt M1
A1
B 2t
y = e + C
2
Note: The first constant must be B, and the second can be any constant for the
final A1 to be awarded. Accept a change of constant applied at the end.
[2 marks]
(b.iv) Hence show that x = −

B
e
2t
+ C , where C is a constant. [3]
2
Markscheme
METHOD 1
dy dy
substituting dt
= Be
2t
and their (iii) into dt
= −x + y M1(M1)
Be
2t
= −x +
B
2
e
2t
+ C A1
x = −
B
2
e
2t
+ C AG
Note: Follow through from incorrect part (iii) cannot be awarded if it does not
lead to the AG.
METHOD 2
dx B 2t
= x − e − C
dt 2
dx B 2t
− x = − e − C
dt 2
−t
d ( xe )
= −
B
2
e
t
− Ce
−t
M1
dt
−t B t −t
xe = ∫ − e − Ce dt
2
xe
−t
= −
B
2
e
t
− Ce
−t
+ D A1
B 2t t
x = − e + C + De
2
dy
M1
2t B 2t t B 2t
= −x + y ⇒ Be = e − C − De + e + C ⇒ D = 0
dt 2 2
x = −
B
2
e
2t
+ C AG
[3 marks]
(c.i)
2
d y dy
Show that 2
− 2
dt
− 3y = 0 . [3]
dt
Markscheme
dy
= −4x + y
dt
2
d y dy
= −4
dx
+ seen anywhere M1
d t2 dt dt
METHOD 1
2
d y dy
= −4(x − y)+
2
dt dt
attempt to eliminate x M1
1 dy dy
= −4( (y − )−y)+
4 dt dt
dy
= 2
dt
+ 3y A1
2
d y dy
2
− 2
dt
− 3y = 0 AG
dt
METHOD 2
rewriting LHS in terms of x and y M1

2
d y dy
− 2 − 3y =(−8x + 5y)−2(−4x + y)−3y A1
d t2 dt
= 0 AG
[3 marks]
(c.ii) Find the two values for λ that satisfy

d
2
y
− 2
dy
− 3y = 0 . [4]
2
dt dt
Markscheme
2
dy d y
dt
= F λe
λt
,
d t2
= Fλ e
2 λt
(A1)
Fλ e
2 λt
− 2F λe
λt
− 3F e
λt
= 0 (M1)
λ
2
− 2λ − 3 = 0 (since e λt
≠ 0 ) A1
λ1 and λ are 3 and −1 (either order)
2 A1
[4 marks]
(c.iii) Let the two values found in part (c)(ii) be λ and λ . 1 2
Verify that y = F e + Ge λ1 t λ2 t
is a solution to the differential equation in (c)
(i),where G is a constant. [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
3t −t
y = Fe + Ge
2
dy d y
dt
= 3F e
3t
− Ge
−t
, 2
= 9F e
3t
− Ge
−t
(A1)(A1)
dt
2
d y dy
3t −t 3t −t 3t −t
2
− 2 − 3y = 9F e + Ge − 2(3F e − Ge )−3(F e − Ge )
dt dt
M1
= 9F e
3t
+ Ge
−t
− 6F e
3t
+ 2Ge
−t
− 3F e
3t
− 3Ge
−t
A1
= 0 AG
METHOD 2
λ1 t λ2 t
y = Fe + Ge
2
dy d y
dt
= F λ1 e
λ1 t
+ Gλ2 e
λ2 t
,
2
= F λ1 e
2 λ1 t 2
+ Gλ2 e
λ2 t
(A1)(A1)
dt
2
d y dy 2 2
λ1 t λ2 t λ1 t λ2 t λ1 t λ2 t
− 2 − 3y = F λ1 e + Gλ2 e − 2(F λ1 e + Gλ2 e )−3(F e + Ge )
2
dt dt
M1
= Fe
λ1 t
(λ
2
− 2λ − 3)+Ge
λ2 t 2
(λ − 2λ − 3) A1
= 0 AG
[4 marks]
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find lim( arctan 2x
tan 3x
.
)
[5]
x→0
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate numerator and denominator M1
arctan 2x
lim ( )
tan 3x
x→0
2
( )
A1A1
1+4x2
= lim
3 sec2 3x
x→0
Note: A1 for numerator and A1 for denominator. Do not condone absence of limits.
attempt to substitute x = 0 (M1)
=
2
3
A1
Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A0M1A1 for absence of limits.
[5 marks]
Let f (x)= √1 + x for x > −1 .
(a) Show that f ''(x)= −

1
.
4√ ( 1+x )
3
[3]
Markscheme
attempt to use the chain rule M1

1
−
f '(x)=
1
2
(1 + x) 2
A1
3
A1
1 −
f ''(x)= − (1 + x) 2
= −
1
AG
3
4√ ( 1+x )
Note: Award M1A0A0 for f '(x)= 1

or equivalent seen
√1+x
[3 marks]
(b) Use mathematical induction to prove that

n−1 1
( 2n−3 ) !
for n ∈ .
( n) 1 −n
f (x)= (− ) (1 + x) 2
Z, n ≥ 2
4 ( n−2 ) !
[9]
Markscheme
let n = 2
1 1
R1
′′ 1 1 1! −2
f (x)=(− =)(− ) (1 + x) 2
3
4 0!
4√ ( 1+x )
Note: Award R0 for not starting at n = 2. Award subsequent marks

as appropriate.
k−1 1
( 2k−3 ) !
assume true for n = k, (so f ) M1
( k) 1 −k
(x)= (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 ( k−2 ) !
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as “let n = k” or “n = k is

true”. Subsequent marks can still be awarded.
consider n = k + 1
(k )
d( f (x) )
LHS = f
( k+1 )
(x)=
dx
M1
k−1 1
( 2k−3 ) !
(or equivalent) A1
1 1 −k−1
= (− ) ( − k)(1 + x) 2
4 ( k−2 ) ! 2
EITHER
k 1
( 2k−1 ) ! −k−1
RHS = f
( k+1 )
(x)= (−
1
4
) (1 + x) 2
(or equivalent) A1
( k−1 ) !
k 1
( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−2 ) ( 2k−3 ) !
A1
1 −k−1
= (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 ( k−1 ) ( k−2 ) !
( 2k−1 ) ! ( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−2 ) ( 2k−3 ) ! 2 ( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−3 ) !
Note: Award A1 for = (= )
( k−1 ) ! ( k−1 ) ( k−2 ) ! ( k−2 ) !
k−1 1
( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−2 ) ( 2k−3 ) !
A1
1 1 −k−1
=(− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
4 4 ( k−1 ) ( k−2 ) !
k−1 1
( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−3 ) ! −k−1
1 1
(=(− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
)
2 4 ( k−2 ) !
Note: Award A1 for leading coefficient of − . 1
k−1 1
( 2k−3 ) !
A1
1 1 −k−1
=( − k)(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 ( k−2 ) !
OR
Note: The following A marks can be awarded in any order.
k−1 1
1 ( 2k−3 ) ! 1−2k −k−1
= (− ) ( )(1 + x) 2
4 ( k−2 ) ! 2
k−1 1
( 2k−1 ) ( 2k−3 ) !
A1
1 1 −k−1
=(− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 ( k−2 ) !
Note: Award A1 for isolating (2k − 1) correctly.
k−1 1
( 2k−1 ) !
A1
1 1 −k−1
=(− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 ( 2k−2 ) ( k−2 ) !
Note: Award A1 for multiplying top and bottom by (k − 1) or 2(k − 1).

k−1 1
( 2k−1 ) !
A1
1 1 −k−1
=(− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
4 4 ( k−1 ) ( k−2 ) !
Note: Award A1 for leading coefficient of − . 1
k 1
( 2k−1 ) ! −k−1
= (−
1
4
)
( k−1 ) !
(1 + x) 2
A1
( k+1 ) −1 1
1 ( 2 ( k+1 ) −3 ) ! − ( k+1 )
= (− ) (1 + x) 2
= RHS
4 ( ( k+1 ) −2 ) !
THEN
since true for n = 2, and true for n = k + 1 if true for n = k, the statement
is true for all, n ∈ Z, n ≥ 2 by mathematical induction R1
Note: To obtain the final R1, at least four of the previous marks must have
been awarded.
[9 marks]
(c) Let g(x)= e
mx
, m ∈ Q .
Consider the function h defined by h(x)= f (x)×g(x) for x > −1 .
It is given that the x term in the Maclaurin series for h(x) has a coefficient of
2 7
Find the possible values of m. [8]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
mx
h(x)= √1 + x e
using product rule to find h'(x) (M1)
h'(x)= √ 1 + x me
mx
+
1
e
mx
A1
2√1+x
mx 1 mx 1 mx 1 mx
h''(x)= m(√ 1 + x me + e )+ me − e
2√1+x 2√1+x 3
4√ ( 1+x )
A1
substituting x = 0 into h''(x) M1
h''(0)= m
2
+
1
2
m +
1
2
m −
1
4
(= m
2
+ m −
1
4
) A1
2
x
h(x)= h(0)+xh'(0)+ h ''(0)+ …
2!
equating x coefficient to
2 7
4
M1
h'' ( 0 ) 7 7
= (⇒ h ''(0)= )
2! 4 2
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3)= 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
METHOD 2
EITHER
attempt to find f (0), f '(0), f ''(0) (M1)

1
f (x)= (1 + x) 2
f (0)= 1
1
1 − 1
f '(x)= (1 + x) 2
f '(0)=
2 2
3
1 − 1
f ''(x)= − (1 + x) 2
f ''(0)= −
4 4
f (x)= 1 +
1
2
x −
1
8
x
2
+ … A1
OR
attempt to apply binomial theorem for rational exponents (M1)

1 1
1
( ) (− )
1 2 2 2
f (x)= (1 + x) 2
= 1 + x + x …
2 2!
f (x)= 1 +
1
2
x −
1
8
x
2
+ … A1
THEN
2
g(x)= 1 + mx +
m
2
x
2
+ … (A1)
(M1)
2
1 1 2 m 2
h(x)=(1 + x − x + …)(1 + mx + x + …)
2 8 2
coefficient of x is A1
2 m m 1
+ −
2 2 8
attempt to set equal to 7
4
and solve M1
2
m m 1 7
+ − =
2 2 8 4
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3)= 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
METHOD 3
g'(x)= me
mx
and g ''(x)= m e
2 mx
(A1)
2
x
h(x)= h(0)+xh'(0)+ h ''(0)+ …
2!
equating x coefficient to
2 7
4
M1
h'' ( 0 ) 7 7
= (⇒ h ''(0)= )
2! 4 2
using product rule to find h'(x) and h ''(x) (M1)

h'(x)= f (x)g'(x)+f '(x)g(x)
h ''(x)= f (x)g ''(x)+2f '(x)g'(x)+f ''(x)g(x) A1
substituting x = 0 into h ''(x) M1
h ''(0)= f (0)g ''(0)+2g'(0)f '(0)+g(0)f ''(0)
= 1 × m
2
+ 2m ×
1
2
+ 1 ×(−
1
4
2
) (= m + m −
1
4
) A1
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3)= 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
[8 marks]
The lines l and l have the following vector equations where λ,
1 2 μ ∈ R .
3 2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
l1 : r1 = ⎜ 2 ⎟+λ⎜ −2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
−1 2
2 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
l2 : r2 = ⎜ 0 ⎟+μ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
4 1
By using the substitution u = sin x , find ∫ sin x cos x
2
dx . [7]
sin x−sin x−2
Markscheme
u = sin x ⇒ d u = cos x d x (or equivalent) A1
= ∫
u
u2 −u−2
du A1
attempt to use partial fractions M1
u A B
( ≡ + ⇒ u ≡ A(u − 2)+B(u + 1))
( u+1 ) ( u−2 ) u+1 u−2
Valid attempt to solve for A and B (M1)
A =
1
3
and B = 2
3
A1
u 1 2
≡ +
( u+1 ) ( u−2 ) 3 ( u+1 ) 3 ( u−2 )
∫(
1
+
2
)d u =
1
3
ln|u + 1|+
2
3
ln|u − 2|(+C) (or equivalent) A1
3 ( u+1 ) 3 ( u−2 )
Note: Condone the absence of +C or lack of moduli here but not in the final answer.
=
1
3
ln|sin x + 1|+
2
3
ln|sin x − 2|+C A1
Note: Condone further simplification of the correct answer.

[7 marks]
The acceleration, a ms , of a particle moving in a horizontal line at time t seconds, t ≥ 0,
−2
is given by a = −(1 + v) where v ms is the particle’s velocity and v > −1.

−1
At t = 0, the particle is at a fixed origin O and has initial velocity v 0 ms

−1
.
Initially at O, the particle moves in the positive direction until it reaches its
maximum displacement from O. The particle then returns to O.
Let s metres represent the particle’s displacement from O and s max its
maximum displacement from O.
Let v(T − k) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds before it reaches s max , where
v(T − k) =(1 + v0 )e
−(T −k)
− 1 .
Similarly, let v(T + k) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds after it reaches s max .
(a) By solving an appropriate differential equation, show that the particle’s velocity
at time t is given by v(t) = (1 + v0 )e
−t
− 1 . [6]
Markscheme
dv
dt
= −(1 + v) (A1)
∫ 1 dt = ∫ −
1+v
1
dv (or equivalent / use of integrating factor) M1
t = − ln(1 + v)(+C) A1
EITHER
attempt to find C with initial conditions t = 0, v = v0 M1
C = ln(1 + v0 )
t = ln(1 + v0 )− ln(1 + v)
A1
1+v0 t 1+v0
t = ln( )⇒ e =
1+v 1+v
t
e (1 + v)= 1 + v0
1 + v =(1 + v0 )e
−t
A1
v(t)=(1 + v0 )e
−t
− 1 AG
OR
t−C 1
t − C = − ln(1 + v)⇒ e =
( 1+v )
Attempt to find C with initial conditions t = 0, v = v0 M1
−C 1
e = ⇒ C = ln(1 + v0 )
( 1+v0 )
t − ln(1 + v0 )= − ln(1 + v)⇒ t = ln(1 + v0 )− ln(1 + v)
1+v0 1+v0
t = ln(
1+v
)⇒ e
t
=
1+v
A1
t
e (1 + v)= 1 + v0
1 + v =(1 + v0 )e
−t
A1
v(t)=(1 + v0 )e
−t
− 1 AG
OR
t − C = − ln(1 + v)⇒ e
−t+C
= 1 + v A1
−t
ke − 1 = v
Attempt to find k with initial conditions t = 0, v = v0 M1
k = 1 + v0
e
−t
(1 + v0 )= 1 + v A1
v(t)=(1 + v0 )e
−t
− 1 AG
Note: condone use of modulus within the ln function(s)

[6 marks]
(b.i) Show that the time T taken for the particle to reach s max satisfies the equation
= 1 + v . [2]
T
e 0
Markscheme
recognition that when t = T, v = 0 M1
(1 + v0 )e
−T
− 1 = 0 ⇒ e
−T
=
1+v0
1
A1
e
T
= 1 + v0 AG
Note: Award M1A0 for substituting v 0 = e

T
− 1 into v and showing that v = 0.
[6 marks]
(b.ii) By solving an appropriate differential equation and using the result from
part (b) (i), find an expression for s in terms of v .
max 0 [5]
Markscheme
s(t)= ∫ v(t)d t (= ∫ ((1 + v0 )e

−t
− 1)d t) (M1)
= −(1 + v0 )e
−t
− t(+D) A1
(t = 0, s = 0 so) D = 1 + v0 A1
−t
s(t)= −(1 + v0 )e − t + 1 + v0
at smax , e
T
= 1 + v0 ⇒ T = ln(1 + v0 )
Substituting into s(t)(= −(1 + v0 )e

−t
− t + 1 + v0 ) M1
A1
1
smax = −(1 + v0 )( )− ln(1 + v0 )+v0 + 1
1+v0
(smax = v0 − ln(1 + v0 ))
[5 marks]
(c) By using the result to part (b) (i), show that v(T − k)= e
k
− 1 . [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
v(T − k)=(1 + v0 )e
−T
e
k
− 1 (M1)
=(1 + v0 )(
1+v0
1
)e
k
− 1 A1
= e
k
− 1 AG
METHOD 2
− ( T −k )
v(T − k)=(1 + v0 )e − 1
= e
T
e
− ( T −k )
− 1 M1
= e
T −T +k
− 1 A1
= e
k
− 1 AG
[2 marks]
(d) Deduce a similar expression for v(T + k) in terms of k. [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
v(T + k)=(1 + v0 )e
−T
e
−k
− 1 (A1)
= e
−k
− 1 A1
METHOD 2
v(T + k)=(1 + v0 )e
− ( T +k )
− 1 (A1)
T − ( T +k )
= e e − 1
T −T −k
= e − 1
= e
−k
− 1 A1
[2 marks]
(e) Hence, show that v(T − k)+v(T + k)≥ 0 . [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
v(T − k)+v(T + k)= e

k
+ e
−k
− 2 A1
attempt to express as a square M1
k k
2
= (e 2 -e
-
2 ) (≥ 0) A1
so v(T − k)+v(T + k)≥ 0 AG
METHOD 2
v(T − k)+v(T + k)= e

k
+ e
−k
− 2 A1
Attempt to solve d
dk
(e
k
+ e
−k
)= 0 (⇒ k = 0) M1
minimum value of 2, (when k = 0), hence e k

+ e
−k
≥ 2 R1
so v(T − k)+v(T + k)≥ 0 AG
[3 marks]
The function f has a derivative given by f '(x)= 1
, x ∈ R, x ≠ o, x ≠ k where k
x ( k−x )
is a positive constant.
Consider P , the population of a colony of ants, which has an initial value of 1200.
The rate of change of the population can be modelled by the differential equation
P ( k−P )
, where t is the time measured in days, t ≥ 0, and k is the upper bound for
dP
=
dt 5k
the population.
At t = 10 the population of the colony has doubled in size from its initial value.
(a) The expression for f '(x) can be written in the form a
x
+
b
, where a, b ∈ R
k−x
. Find a and b in terms of k. [3]
Markscheme
1 a b
≡ +
x ( k−x ) x k−x
a(k − x)+bx = 1 (A1)
attempt to compare coefficients OR substitute x = k and x = 0 and solve

(M1)
a =
1
k
and b = 1
k
A1
1 1
f '(x) = +
kx k ( k−x )
[3 marks]
(b) Hence, find an expression for f (x). [3]
Markscheme
attempt to integrate their a
x
+
b
(M1)
k−x
1 1 1
f (x) ∫( + )d x
k x k−x
A1A1
1 1 x
= (ln|x|− ln|k − x|)(+c)(= ln ∣
∣
∣(+c))
∣
k k k−x
Note: Award A1 for each correct term. Award A1A0 for a correct answer without
modulus signs. Condone the absence of +c.
[3 marks]
(c) By solving the differential equation, show that P =
1200k
.
[8]
t
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
Markscheme
attempt to separate variables and integrate both sides M1
1
5k ∫ dP = ∫ 1dt
P ( k−P )
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + c A1
Note: There are variations on this which should be accepted, such as

1
k
(ln P − ln(k − P ))=
1
5k
t + c . Subsequent marks for these variations
should be awarded as appropriate.
EITHER
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 into an equation involving c M1
c = 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200))(= 5 ln(

1200
k−1200
)) A1
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200)) A1
P ( k−1200 ) t
ln( )=
1200 ( k−P ) 5
t
P ( k−1200 )
= e 5
A1
1200 ( k−P )
OR
P t+c
ln( )=
k−P 5
A1
P
= Ae 5
k−P
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 M1
1200
k−1200
= A A1
k−P
=
1200e 5
k−1200
A1
THEN
attempt to rearrange and isolate P M1

t t
P k − 1200P = 1200ke 5 − 1200P e 5 OR

t t
OR
- − k k−1200
P ke 5 − 1200P e 5 =1200k − 1200P − 1 =
P t
1200e 5
t t
P (k − 1200 + 1200e 5 )= 1200ke 5 OR

t t
A1
− −
P (ke 5 − 1200e 5 + 1200)= 1200k
P =
1200k
t
AG
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
[8 marks]
(d) Find the value of k, giving your answer correct to four significant figures. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute t = 10, P = 2400 (M1)
2400 =
1200k
−2
(A1)
( k−1200 ) e +1200
k = 2845. 34 …
k = 2845 A1
Note: Award (M1)(A1)A0 for any other value of k which rounds to 2850
[3 marks]
(e) Find the value of t when the rate of change of the population is at its maximum. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to find the maximum of the first derivative graph OR zero of the second
derivative graph OR that P =
k
2
(= 1422. 67 …) (M1)
t = 1. 57814 …
= 1. 58 (days) A2
Note: Accept any value which rounds to 1. 6.
[3 marks]
Two boats A and B travel due north.
Initially, boat B is positioned 50 metres due east of boat A.
The distances travelled by boat A and boat B, after t seconds, are x metres and y metres
respectively. The angle θ is the radian measure of the bearing of boat B from boat A. This
information is shown on the following diagram.
(a) Show that y = x + 50 cot θ . [1]
Markscheme
y−x
tan θ =
50
y−x
OR cot θ =
50
A1
y = x + 50 cot θ AG
Note: y − x may be identified as a length on a diagram, and not written

explicitly.
[1 mark]
(b) At time T , the following conditions are true.
Boat B has travelled 10 metres further than boat A.

Boat B is travelling at double the speed of boat A.
The rate of change of the angle θ is −0. 1 radians per second.
Find the speed of boat A at time T . [6]
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate with respect to t (M1)
dy
A1
dx 2 dθ
= − 50(cosec θ)
dt dt dt
attempt to set speed of B equal to double the speed of A (M1)
dx dx 2 dθ
2 = − 50(cosec θ)
dt dt dt
A1
dx 2 dθ
= −50(cosec θ)
dt dt
θ = arctan 5(= 1. 373 … = 78. 69 … °) OR

2
cosec
2
θ = 1 + cot
2
θ = 1 + (
1
5
) =
26
25
(A1)
Note: This A1 can be awarded independently of previous marks.
dx 26
= −50( )× − 0. 1
dt 25
So the speed of boat A is 5. 2 (ms −1

) A1
Note: Accept 5. 20 from the use of inexact values.
[6 marks]
x
A function f is defined by f (x)= , where x and k ∈ .

ke 2
+
x
∈ R, x ≥ 0 R
1+e
The region enclosed by the graph of y = f (x), the x-axis, the y -axis and the line
x = ln 16 is rotated 360° about the x-axis to form a solid of revolution.
Pedro wants to make a small bowl with a volume of 300 cm

3
based on the result from part
(a). Pedro’s design is shown in the following diagrams.
The vertical height of the bowl, BO, is measured along the x-axis. The radius of the
bowl’s top is OA and the radius of the bowl’s base is BC. All lengths are measured in cm.
For design purposes, Pedro investigates how the cross-sectional radius of the bowl changes.
(a)
2
Show that the volume of the solid formed is 15k π
34
cubic units. [6]
Markscheme
attempt to use V (M1)

2
= π ∫ (f (x)) dx
a
x 2
ln 16 ln 16
x
ke 2
2 e
V = π ∫ ( x
) d x (V = k π ∫ d x)
2
1+e ( 1+ex )
0 0
EITHER
applying integration by recognition (M1)

ln 16
2
= k π[−
1+ex
1
] A3
0
OR
u = 1 + e
x
⇒ du = e
x
dx (A1)
attempt to express the integral in terms of u (M1)
when x = 0, u = 2 and when x = ln 16, u = 17
17
V = k π∫
2 1
2
du (A1)
u
2
17
2
= k π[−
1
u
] A1
2
OR
u = e
x
⇒ du = e
x
dx (A1)
attempt to express the integral in terms of u (M1)
when x = 0, u = 1 and when x = ln 16, u = 16
16
V = k π∫
2 1
2
du (A1)
( 1+u )
1
16
2
= k π[−
1+u
1
] A1
1
Note: Accept equivalent working with indefinite integrals and original limits
for x.
THEN
2
= k π(
1
2
−
17
1
) A1
so the volume of the solid formed is 15k π
34
cubic units AG
Note: Award (M1)(A0)(M0)(A0)(A0)(A1) when 15
34
is obtained from GDC
[6 marks]
(b) Find the value of k that satisfies the requirements of Pedro’s design. [2]
Markscheme
a valid algebraic or graphical attempt to find k (M1)
2 300×34
k =
15π
(as k ∈ ) A1
170 680 +
k = 14. 7 (= 2 √ = √ ) R
π π
Note: Candidates may use their GDC numerical solve feature.
[2 marks]
(c.i) Find OA. [2]
Markscheme
attempting to find OA = f (0)=

k
with k = (M1)
170 680
14. 712 … (= 2 √ = √ )
π π
A1
170
OA = 7. 36 (= √ )
π
[2 marks]
(c.ii) Find BC. [2]
Markscheme
attempting to find BC = f (ln 16)=

4k
17
with k = (M1)
170 680
14. 712 … (= 2 √ = √ )
π π
8√10
A1
8 170
BC = 3. 46 (= √ = )
17 π
√17π
[2 marks]
(d.i) By sketching the graph of a suitable derivative of f , find where the cross-
sectional radius of the bowl is decreasing most rapidly. [4]
Markscheme
EITHER
recognising to graph y = f '(x) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use quotient rule or product rule

x
x
ke 2 ( 1−e )
differentiation. f '(x)= 2
2 ( 1+ex )
for x > 0 graph decreasing to the local minimum A1
before increasing towards the x-axis A1
OR
recognising to graph y = f ''(x) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use quotient rule or product rule

x
2x x
ke 2 (e −6e +1 )
differentiation. f ''(x)=
x
3
4 ( 1+e )
for x > 0 , graph increasing towards and beyond the x-intercept A1

recognising f ''(x)= 0 for maximum rate (A1)
THEN
x = 1. 76 (= ln(2 √ 2 + 3)) A1
Note: Only award A marks if either graph is seen.
[4 marks]
(d.ii) State the cross-sectional radius of the bowl at this point. [2]
Markscheme
attempting to find f (1. 76 …) (M1)

the cross-sectional radius at this point is 5. 20 (√ 85
π
) (cm) A1
[2 marks]
(a) Write down the first three terms of the binomial expansion of (1 + t)
−1
in
ascending powers of t. [1]
Markscheme
1 − t + t
2
A1
Note: Accept 1, − t and t .

2
[1 mark]
(b) By using the Maclaurin series for cos x and the result from part (a), show that
the Maclaurin series for sec x up to and including the term in x is 4
2 4
1 +
x
2
+
5x
24
. [4]
Markscheme
2 4
−1
sec x =
x2
1
x
4
(= (1 −
x
2!
+(
x
4!
(− …))) ) (M1)
1− + ( −… )
2! 4!
or (M1)
2
t = cos x − 1 sec x = 1 −(cos x − 1)+(cos x − 1)
2
2 4 2 4
= 1 −(−
x
+
x
(− …))+(−
x
+
x
(− …)) A1
2! 4! 2! 4!
2 4 4
= 1 +
x
2
−
x
24
+
x
4
A1
so the Maclaurin series for sec x up to and including the term in x is 4
2 4
1 +
x
2
+
5x
24
AG
Note: Condone the absence of ‘…’

[4 marks]
(c) By using the Maclaurin series for arctan x and the result from part (b), find
lim (
x arctan 2x
sec x−1
) . [3]
x→0
Markscheme
3
( 2x )
arctan 2x = 2x − + …
3
3
( 2x )
⎛ x ( 2x− +… ) ⎞
M1
3
x arctan 2x
lim ( )= lim ⎜ ⎟
sec x−1 x
2
5x
4
x→0 x→0
⎝ ( 1+ + ) −1 ⎠
2 24
4
8x
2
2x − +…
⎛ ⎞
= lim
2
3
5x4
A1
x
x→0 ⎝ + ⎠
2 24
2
4x
2
⎛ 2x ( 1− ) ⎞
3
= lim ⎜ ⎟
2 2
x 5x
x→0
⎝ ( 1+ ) ⎠
2 12
= 4 A1
Note: Condone missing ‘lim’ and errors in higher derivatives.
Do not award M1 unless x is replaced by 2x in arctan.
[3 marks]
43. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_12
Consider the function defined by f (x)= , where x ∈ and k .
kx−5 2
R \ {k} ≠ 5
x−k
Consider the case where k = 3.
(a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of y = f (x) . [1]
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
x = k A1
[1 mark]
(b) State the equation of the horizontal asymptote on the graph of y = f (x) . [1]
Markscheme
y = k A1
[1 mark]
(c) Use an algebraic method to determine whether f is a self-inverse function. [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
k x−5
k( ) −5
M1
x−k
(f ∘ f )(x)=
k x−5
( ) −k
x−k
k ( kx−5 ) −5 ( x−k )
= A1
kx−5−k ( x−k )
2
k x−5k−5x+5k
=
kx−5−kx+k2
A1
k x−5x
=
2
k −5
2
x ( k −5 )
=
k2 −5
= x
(f ∘ f )(x)= x , (hence f is self-inverse) R1
Note: The statement f (f (x)) = x could be seen anywhere in the candidate’s

working to award R1.
METHOD 2
kx−5
f (x)=
x−k
ky−5
x =
y−k
M1
Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.
x(y − k)= ky − 5 A1
xy − xk = ky − 5
xy − ky = xk − 5
y(x − k)= kx − 5 A1
(hence f is self-inverse) R1
−1 kx−5
y = f (x)=
x−k
[4 marks]
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), stating clearly the equations of any asymptotes
and the coordinates of any points of intersections with the coordinate axes. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to draw both branches of a rectangular hyperbola M1
x = 3 and y = 3 A1
and ( A1
5 5
(0, ) , 0)
3 3
[3 marks]
(e) The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f (x), and the lines x = 5
and x = 7 is rotated through 2π about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid
generated, giving your answer in the form π(a + b ln 2) , where a, b ∈ Z. [6]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
2
7
(M1)
3x−5
volume = π ∫ ( ) dx
5 x−3
EITHER
attempt to express in the form p + M1

3x−5 q
x−3 x−3
A1
3x−5 4
= 3 +
x−3 x−3
OR
attempt to expand ( or (3x − 5) and divide out M1

3x−5 2
)
x−3
A1
3x−5 24x−56
( ) = 9 +
2
x−3 ( x−3 )
THEN
A1
3x−5 24 16
( ) = 9 + +
x−3 x−3 2
( x−3 )
7
24 16
volume = π ∫ (9 + + ) dx
x−3 2
( x−3 )
5
= π[9x + 24 ln (x − 3)−
16
x−3
] A1
5
= π⌊(63 + 24 ln 4 − 4)−(45 + 24 ln 2 − 8)⌋
= π(22 + 24 ln 2) A1
METHOD 2
2
7
volume = π ∫
5
(
3x−5
x−3
) dx (M1)
substituting u = x − 3 ⇒
du
dx
= 1 A1
3x − 5 = 3(u + 3)−5 = 3u + 4
2
4
M1
3u+4
volume = π ∫ ( ) du
2 u
4
= π∫
2
9 +
16
2
+
24
u
du A1
u
= π[9u −
16
u
+ 24 ln u] A1
2
Note: Ignore absence of or incorrect limits seen up to this point.
= π(22 + 24 ln 2) A1
[6 marks]
Consider the curve C defined by y 2
= sin (xy) , y ≠ 0 .
(a) Show that

dy y cos ( xy )
.
dx
=
2y−x cos ( xy )
[5]
Markscheme
attempt at implicit differentiation M1
dy dy
2y
dx
= cos (xy)⌊x
dx
+ y⌋ A1M1A1
Note: Award A1 for LHS, M1 for attempt at chain rule, A1 for RHS.
dy dy
2y = x cos (xy)+y cos (xy)
dx dx
dy dy
2y − x cos (xy)= y cos (xy)
dx dx
dy
dx
(2y − x cos (xy))= y cos (xy) M1
Note: Award M1 for collecting derivatives and factorising.
dy y cos ( xy )
dx
= AG
2y−x cos ( xy )
[5 marks]
(b) Prove that, when
dy
= 0 , y = ±1 . [5]
dx
Markscheme
dy
setting dx
= 0
y cos (xy)= 0 (M1)
(y ≠ 0)⇒ cos (xy)= 0 A1
⇒ sin (xy)(= ± √1 − cos

2
(xy) = ±√1 − 0)= ±1 OR
xy =(2n + 1)
π
2
(n ∈ Z) OR xy =
π
2
,
3π
2
,… A1
Note: If they offer values for xy , award A1 for at least two correct values in
two different ‘quadrants’ and no incorrect values.
y
2
(= sin (xy))> 0 R1
⇒ y
2
= 1 A1
⇒ y = ±1 AG
[5 marks]
(c) Hence find the coordinates of all points on C, for 0 < x < 4π , where
dy
= 0 . [5]
dx
Markscheme
y = ±1 ⇒ 1 = sin (±x)⇒ sin x = ±1 OR

y = ±1 ⇒ 0 = cos (±x)⇒ cos x = 0 (M1)
(sin x = 1 ⇒)(
π
2
, 1), (
5π
2
, 1) A1A1
(sin x = −1 ⇒)(
3π
2
, −1), (
7π
2
, −1) A1A1
Note: Allow ‘coordinates’ expressed as x = , y = 1 for example.
π
Note: Each of the A marks may be awarded independently and are not
dependent on (M1) being awarded.
Note: Mark only the candidate’s first two attempts for each case of sin x.
[5 marks]
45. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.AHL.TZ0.F_1
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of
.
2 sin x−sin 2x
lim
x→0
x3 [6]
Markscheme
using l’Hôpital’s rule,
M1A1
2 sin x−sin 2x 2 cos x−2 cos 2x
lim 3
= lim 2
x 3x
x→0 x→0
(M1)A1
−2 sin x+4 sin 2x
= lim
6x
x→0
A1
−2 cos x+8 cos 2x
= lim
6
x→0
= 1 A1
[6 marks]
(a) Assuming the Maclaurin series for cos x and ln(1 + x), show that the
Maclaurin series for cos(ln(1 + x)) is
1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
x
3
−
12
5
x
4
+ … [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to substitute ln(x + 1)= x −

1
2
x
2
+
1
3
x
3
−
1
4
x
4
+ … into
cos x = 1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
24
x
4
− … M1
2
1 1 2 1 3 1 4
cos x =(ln(1 + x))= 1 − (x − x + x + …) + (x + …) + …
2 2 3 24
A1
attempts to expand the RHS up to and including the x term 4

M1
= 1 −
1
2
(x
2
− x
3
+
1
4
x
4
+
2
3
x
4
…)+
1
24
x
4
+ … A1
= 1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
x
3
−
5
12
x
4
+ … AG
METHOD 2
attempts to substitute ln(x + 1) into cos x = 1 −

1
2
x
2
+
24
1
x
4
− … M1
1 2 1 4
cos (ln(1 + x))= 1 − (ln(1 + x)) + (ln(1 + x)) − …
2 24
attempts to find the Maclaurin series for (ln(1 + x)) up to and including the
2
x
4
term M1
A1
2 2 3 11 4
(ln(1 + x)) = x − x + x − …
12
2 4
(ln(1 + x)) = x − …
= 1 −
1
2
(x
2
− x
3
+
11
12
x
4
+ …)+
24
1
x
4
+ … A1
= 1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
x
3
−
5
12
x
4
+ … AG
[4 marks]
(b) By differentiating the series in part (a), show that the Maclaurin series for
sin(ln(1 + x)) is x − 1
2
x
2
+
1
6
x
3
+ … . [4]
Markscheme
A1A1
1 3 2 5 3
− sin(ln(1 + x)) × = −x + x − x + …
1+x 2 3
3 2 5 3
sin(ln(1 + x)) = −(1 + x)(−x + x − x + …)
2 3

M1
= x −
3
2
x
2
+
5
3
x
3
+ x
2
−
3
2
x
3
+ … A1
= x −
1
2
x
2
+
1
6
x
3
+ … AG
[4 marks]
(c) Hence determine the Maclaurin series for tan(ln(1 + x)) as far as the term in
x
3
. [5]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
let tan(ln(1 + x)) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x

2
+ a3 x
3
+ …
uses sin(ln(1 + x)) = cos(ln(1 + x)) × tan(ln(1 + x)) to form M1
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3
x − x + x + … =(1 − x + x + …)(a0 + a1 x + a2 x + a3 x + …)
2 6 2 2
A1
(A1)
1 2 1 1 3
= a0 + a1 x +(a2 − a0 )x +(a3 − a1 + a0 )x + …
2 2 2
attempts to equate coefficients,
a0 = 0, a1 = 1, a2 −
1
2
a0 = −
1
2
, a3 −
1
2
a1 +
1
2
a0 =
1
6
M1
a0 = 0, a1 = 1, a2 = −
1
2
, a3 =
2
3
A1
so tan(ln(1 + x))
1 2 2 3
= x − x + x + …
2 3
METHOD 2
sin(ln(1+x))
uses tan(ln(1 + x)) = to form M1
cos(ln(1+x))
−1
=(x −
1
2
x
2
+
1
x
3
+ …)(1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
x
3
+ …) A1
6
−1
= (1 −
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
x
3
+ …) = 1 +
1
2
x
2
−
1
2
x
3
+ … (A1)

M1
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3
=(x − x + x + …)(1 + x − x + …)
2 6 2 2
1 3 1 2 1 3
= x + x − x + x + …
2 2 6
= x −
1
2
x
2
+
2
3
x
3
+ … A1
Note: Accept use of long division.
[5 marks]
The following diagram shows part of the graph of y = p + q sin (rx) . The graph has a
local maximum point at (− 9π
4
, 5) and a local minimum point at (− 3π
4
, .
− 1)
(a) Determine the values of p, q and r. [4]
Markscheme
5+ ( −1 )
the principal axis is 2
(= 2)
so p = 2 A1
5− ( −1 )
the amplitude is 2
(= 3)
so q = 3 A1
EITHER
one period is 2(− (M1)

3π 9π
−(− ))
4 4
= 3π
2π
⇒ = 3π
r
OR
Substituting a point eg −1 = 2 + sin (−

3π
4
r)
3π 3π 5π π 3π
sin (− r)= −1 ⇒ − r = …− , − , ,…
4 4 2 2 2
Choice of correct solution − 3π
4
r = −
π
2
(M1)
THEN
⇒ r =
2
3
A1
2x
(⇒ y = 2 + 3 sin ( ))
3
Note: q and r can be both given as negatives for full marks
[4 marks]
(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region. [4]
Markscheme
roots are x = −1. 09459 … , x = −3. 617797 … (A1)
(M1)
−1.09459… 2x
∫ (2 + 3 sin ( ))dx
−3.617797… 3
= −1. 66(= −1. 66179 …) (A1)
so area = 1. 66 (units )
2
A1
[4 marks]
dy y−x
Consider the differential equation dx
=
y+x
, where x, y > 0 .
It is given that y = 2 when x = 1 .
(a) Solve the differential equation, giving your answer in the form f (x, y)= 0 . [9]
Markscheme
dy
puts y so that M1
dv
= vx = v+ x
dx dx
A1
dv vx−x v−1
v+ x = (= )
dx vx+x v+1
attempts to express x dv
dx
as a single rational fraction in v
M1
dv v +1
x = −
dx v+1
v+1 1
∫ dv = −∫ dx
v2 +1 x
2
ln(v
2
+ 1)+arctan v = − ln x(+C) A1A1
substitutes y = 2, x = 1 and attempts to find the value of C M1
C =
1
2
ln 5 + arctan 2 A1
the solution is
2
y y
1
2
ln(
2
+ 1)+arctan(
x
)+ ln x −
1
2
ln 5 − arctan 2 = 0 A1
x
[9 marks]
(b) The graph of y against x has a local maximum between x = 2 and x = 3 .
Determine the coordinates of this local maximum. [4]
Markscheme
dy
at a maximum, dx
= 0 M1
attempts to substitute y = x into their solution M1
1 1
ln 2 + arctan 1 + ln x = ln 5 + arctan 2
2 2
attempts to solve for x, y (M1)
π π
√10 √10
(2. 18, 2. 18) (
2
e
arctan 2−
4 ,
2
e
arctan 2−
4 ) A1
Note: Accept all answers that round to the correct 2 sf answer.

Accept x = 2. 18, y = 2. 18.
[4 marks]
(c) Show that there are no points of inflexion on the graph of y against x. [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts (quotient rule) implicit differentiation M1

dy dy
2 ( −1 ) ( y+x ) − ( y−x ) ( +1 )
d y dx dx
=
d x2 ( y+x )
2
2
dy y−x d y
correctly substitutes =
y+x
into
dx d x2
y−x y−x
( −1 ) ( y+x ) − ( y−x ) ( +1 )
y+x y+x
=
2
A1
( y+x )
2 2
2 ( x +y )
= −
3
A1
( x+y )
this expression can never be zero therefore no points of inflexion R1
METHOD 2
dy
attempts implicit differentiation on (y + x) dx
= y − x M1
2
dy dy d y dy
(
dx
+ 1)
dx
+(y + x) 2
=
dx
− 1 A1
dx
2 2
d y dy dy dy
(y + x) 2
= − 1 − ( ) −
dx dx dx dx
2
dy
= −1 − (
dx
) A1
2 2
dy d y
−1 − ( ) < 0 and x + y > 0, ≠ 0 therefore no points of inflexion
dx d x2
R1
2
d y
Note: Accept putting 2
= 0 and obtaining contradiction.
dx
[4 marks]
49. [Maximum mark: 18] 20N.3.AHL.TZ0.Hca_3
The curve y = f (x) has a gradient function given by
dy
dx
= x − y .
The curve passes through the point (1, 1) .
(a.i) On the same set of axes, sketch and label isoclines for
dy
= −1, 0 and 1, and
dx
clearly indicate the value of each y -intercept. [3]
Markscheme
attempt to find equation of isoclines by setting x − y = −1, 0, 1 M1
3 parallel lines with positive gradient A1
dy
y -intercept = −c for dx
= c A1
Note: To award A1, each y -intercept should be clear, but condone a missing
label (eg. (0, 0)).
If candidates represent the lines using slope fields, but omit the lines, award
maximum of M1A0A1.
[3 marks]
(a.ii) Hence or otherwise, explain why the point (1, 1) is a local minimum. [3]
Markscheme
dy
at point (1, 1),
dx
= 0 A1
EITHER
to the left of (1, 1) , the gradient is negative R1
to the right of (1, 1) , the gradient is positive R1
Note: Accept any correct reasoning using gradient, isoclines or slope field.
If a candidate uses left/right or x < 1 / x > 1 without explicitly referring to
the point (1, 1) or a correct region on the diagram, award R0R1.
OR
2
d y dy
2
= 1 −
dx
A1
dx
2
d y
= 1(> 0) A1
dx2
dy
Note: accept correct reasoning dx
that is increasing as x increases.
THEN
hence (1, 1) is a local minimum AG
[3 marks]
(b) Find the solution of the differential equation

dy
= x − y , which passes
dx
through the point (1, 1) . Give your answer in the form y = f (x) . [8]
Markscheme
integrating factor = e
∫ dx
(M1)
= e
x
(A1)
dy
dx
e
x
+ ye
x
= xe
x
(M1)
ye
x
= ∫ xe
x
dx A1
= xe - ∫ e
x x
dx (M1)
= xe
x x
− e (+c) A1
Note: Award A1 for the correct RHS.
substituting (1, 1) gives
e = e − e + c M1
c = e
y = x − 1 + e
1−x
A1
[8 marks]
(c.i) Explain why the graph of y = f (x) does not intersect the isocline
dy
= 1 . [2]
dx
Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
attempt to solve for the intersection x − 1 + e 1−x

= x − 1 (M1)
OR
attempt to find the difference x − 1 + e 1−x

-(x − 1) (M1)
THEN
e
1−x
> 0 for all x R1
Note: Accept e 1−x
≠ 0 or equivalent reasoning.
therefore the curve does not intersect the isocline AG
METHOD 2
y = x − 1 is an (oblique) asymptote to the curve R1
Note: Do not accept “the curve is parallel to y = x − 1 "
dy
y = x − 1 is the isocline for dx
= 1 R1
METHOD 3
dy
The initial point is above y = x − 1 , so dx
< 1 R1
⇒ x − y < 1
⇒ y > x − 1 R1
[2 marks]
(c.ii) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) on the same set of axes as part (a)(i). [2]
Markscheme
concave up curve with minimum at approximately (1, 1) A1
asymptote of curve is isocline y = x − 1 A1
Note: Only award FT from (b) if the above conditions are satisfied.
[2 marks]
50. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.3.AHL.TZ0.Hca_4
The function f is defined by f (x)= ln (1 + x )
2
where −1 < x < 1 .
6 4 2
1440x ( x −21x +35x −7 )
The seventh derivative of f is given by f (7)
(x)=
7
.
( 1+x2 )
(a.i) Use the Maclaurin series for ln (1 + x) to write down the first three non-zero
terms of the Maclaurin series for f (x). [2]
Markscheme
2 3
substitution of x in ln (M1)
2 x x
(1 + x) = x − + − …
2 3
4 6
x
2
−
x
2
+
x
3
A1
[2 marks]
(a.ii) Hence find the first three non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for x
2
. [4]
1+x
Markscheme
dx
(ln(1 + x ))=
2 2x
2
(M1)
1+x
Note: Award (M1) if this is seen in part (a)(i).
attempt to differentiate their answer in part (a) (M1)

3 5
2x
= 2x −
4x
+
6x
M1
1+x2 2 3
Note: Award M1 for equating their derivatives.
x
2
= x − x
3
+ x
5
A1
1+x
[4 marks]
(b) Use your answer to part (a)(i) to write down an estimate for f (0. 4). [1]
Markscheme
f (0. 4)≈ 0. 149 A1
Note: Accept an answer that rounds correct to 2 s.f. or better.
[1 mark]
(c.i) Use the Lagrange form of the error term to find an upper bound for the absolute
value of the error in calculating f (0. 4), using the first three non-zero terms of
the Maclaurin series for f (x). [6]
Markscheme
attempt to find the maximum of ∣∣f (7)

(c)∣
∣ for c ∈ [0, 0. 4] (M1)
maximum of ∣∣f (7)

(c)∣
∣ occurs at c = 0. 199 (A1)
∣f
∣
(7)
(c)∣
∣< 1232. 97 … (for all c ∈ ]0, 0. 4[ ) (A1)
use of x = 0. 4 (M1)
substitution of n = 6 and a = 0 and their value of x and their value of

f
(7)
(c) into Lagrange error term (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of n = 3 and a = 0 and their value of x and
their value of f (4)
(c) into Lagrange error term.
7
1232.97 ( 0.4 )
|R6 (0. 4)|<
7!
upper bound = 0. 000401 A1
Note: Accept an answer that rounds correct to 1 s.f or better.
[6 marks]
(c.ii) With reference to the Lagrange form of the error term, explain whether your
answer to part (b) is an overestimate or an underestimate for f (0. 4). [2]
Markscheme
f
(7)
(c)< 0 (for all c ∈ ]0, 0. 4[ ) R1
Note: Accept R 6 (c)< 0 or “the error term is negative”.
the answer in (b) is an overestimate A1
Note: The A1 is dependent on the R1.
[2 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023

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HL Integration

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HL INTEGRATION [811 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 21] SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.12

attempting to use the chain rule to find the first derivative M1

attempting to use the product rule to find the second derivative M1

attempting to find f (0), f ′

substitution into the Maclaurin formula

so the Maclaurin series for f (x) up to and including the x term is 1 + x + 2 x

so the coefficient of x in the Maclaurin series for f (x) is zero AG

substituting sin x into the Maclaurin series for e x

substituting Maclaurin series for sin x M1

so the coefficient of x in the Maclaurin series for f (x) is zero AG

for arctan (e − 1) up to and including the x term.

substituting 3x into the Maclaurin series for e x

selecting correct terms from above M1

(d) Hence, or otherwise, find lim

use of l’Hôpital’s rule M1

The rate of change of the amount of salt in the tank, dx

attempting product rule differentiation on d

so t + 1 is an integrating factor for this differential equation AG

attempting to multiply through by (t + 1) and rearrange to give (M1)

attempting to integrate the RHS by parts M1

Note: Condone the absence of C.

correct concavity for 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 A1

maximum amount of salt is 14.6 (grams) at t = 6.60 (minutes) A1A1

using an appropriate graph or equation (first or second derivative) M1

amount of salt is decreasing most rapidly at t = 12.9 (minutes) A1

amount of salt that left the tank is ∫ 10e

a circle of radius 1 unit.

Using right-angled trigonometry or otherwise, show that the perimeter of the

consider right-angled triangle OCX where CX = x

eg use of the cosine rule x 2

Note: Accept use of sine rule.

(d) Show that P i (n) = 2n sin (

in right-angled triangle sin ( π

this result geometrically. [5]

as n → ∞ polygon becomes a circle of radius 1 and P i = 2π R1

(f ) Show that P c (n) = 2n tan (

consider an n-sided polygon of side length x

2n right-angled triangles with angle at centre M1A1

opposite side M1A1

attempt to use L’Hopital’s rule M1

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior

The line x = k divides R into two regions of equal area.

Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve y = f (x) .

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior

a curve clearly showing that y → 0 as x → ±∞ A1

horizontal asymptote y = 0 x ( -axis) A1

(b) Show that A =

Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining [k where k ≠ .

Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.

(c) Find the value of k. [4]

(d) Show that m = −

attempts to find (M1)

attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1

Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be

attempts to express their dm

attempts to solve their dm

(the minimum value of m occurs at x = √

Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.

leading to a maximum value of 27

The curve y = f (x) for x > 0 has a gradient function given by

The curve passes through the point (1, −1) .