MAPEH

mUSIC
Raga – Subset of notes
INDIAN CARNATIC MUSIC
Sruti – Unique pitch
 Indian Music has come a long way
since its first records at around 200- Tala – Rhythmic cycle
400 BC.

 Bharatha Muni, a musicologist wrote Instruments

down a basic music theory of that time
called Natya Shastra.
Hindustan – Territories of the Mughals
Carnatic – Territories by Hindu Kings
CARNATIC MUSIC
Pundara Dasa is credited as the founder of
Carnatic music.
 Is based primarily on ragas (melodic
scales) and talas (rhythmic cycles).
 7 talas and 72 basic ragas.
 Main composers
Veena – has seven strings strung over 24 fixed
frets
Udukkai – Hourglass shaped, membranous
drum
Thavil – Barrel shaped drum
Shanka – Conch Shell
Nadaswaram – Wind Instrument made of
wood and metal
Mridangam – Large piece of Hallowed out
jackfruit wood
Morsing – Percussion instrument (shaped like
prongs)

Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Kanjira – Small handheld drum

Shyama Shastri created a lot of Krithis
Ghatam – Clay pot
(compositions) that influenced any musicians
up to this day.

Musical Analysis INDIAN Hindustani MUSIC

Gamaka or Microtones – Also related to the  Hindustani Music is similar to Carnatic
first characteristics of having more than 12 in the use of raga and tala. It is
notes per octave. however notable that gamaka is not
Notes – Swara usually present in Hindustani Music.

 Shad-jam
 Rishabham Instruments
 Gandharam
Sitar – popularized by Ravi Shankar, this
 Madhyamam
instrument is long necked and usually has 17
 Panchamam
strings. A plectrum called Mizrab is used to
 Daivatham
pluck the string.
 Nishadham
Tabla – a pair of Indian drums. Large metal,
Bayan. Small wooden, Dayan
Sarod – is essentially a bass Rebab.
Sarangi – has three to four playing strings and
a number of sympathetic strings.
Vocal Styles
Kheyal – In Urdu, it means “idea” or
“imagination.
Gazal- Originally a poetic recitation,
Thumri – light classical music.
Dhrupad – oldest style of classical singing but
also a form
of instrumental music.
Dhamar – romantic version of Dhrupad.
Tarana – A singing style using meaningless
syllables that
is sung very fast.
Making Meanings
Assimilation – to absorb into the cultural
traditional of a population.
Plectrum – a pick used to pluck the strings.
Fret – one of a series of ridges fixed across the
fingerboard of a stringed musical instrument
Timbre – the quality of tone distinctive of a
particular singing voice or musical instrument.
Drone – an instrument or part of an instrument
that sounds a continuous unvarying tone.
ARTS
THE VIBRANT ART AND
CULTURE OF INDIA
 Indus Valley civilization, also called as
the Harappan civilization,
 Harappans, settlers of the Indus Valley.
THE RISE OF THE HINDUISM AND
BUDDHISM
HINDUISM – National religion of India
HINDU GODS
 BRAHMA (THE CREATOR)
 VISHNU (THE PRESERVER)
 SHIVA (THE DESTROYER)
BUDDHISM – It was founded by Siddharta
Gautama
BUDDHA – “The Enlightened One”
Meditation – The act of contemplating or
focusing thoughts on a single object or idea.
Reincarnation – a purification process in
which the soul lives in many bodies in many
lifetimes.
 When completion is achieved, the
spirit experiences NIRVANA, and a
blissful state free of all desires.
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE
STUPA – It is a small round burial shrine
built
over a grave site to hold relics of Buddha.
SYMBOLISM IN BUDDHIST ART
SHIVA NATARAJA, The Dancing Lord
Rangoli
RANGOLING – centuries old traditional art in
which patterns created to decorate floors and
walls of homes and temples using colored rice,
dry flour, colored sand, or flower petals.
ARCHITECTURE
TAJ MAHAL – one of the major structures
constructed with Islamic influence.
Making meanings
Monastery – workplaces for monks
Monk – person who practices religious
asceticism
Diwali- a Hindu festival of lights;
SAUDI ARABIA AND ITS ISLAMIC
ART
 Saudi Arabia is the fifth largest state in
Asia.
Islam – literally means “submission” (or
submission to God’s will).
- It was founded by an Arab merchant
named Muhammad
Allah (God)
Koran (Qur’an) – holy scripture
Crescent – symbolizes Islam
ARCHITECTURE
madrasah or schools of higher learning where
the Koran is the center of the curriculum.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in the city of Medina –
The Prophet’s Mosque
Masjid al-Haram, also known as The Great
Mosque of Mecca.
Kaaba – A cuboid structure, considered the
House of Allah (God).
qibla – Kaaba’s direction
Salat – Obligatory daily prayer.
Jeddah Tower, previously known as the
Kingdom Tower is a skyscraper being
constructed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
ROCK ART
One of the most interesting forms of Saudi
Arabian art is rock art.
 The Rock Art of Ha’il Region has been
declared a UNESCO World Heritage
Site- the fourth archeological site in
Saudi Arabia to be so honored.
ARABIC CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND
PERFORMING ARTS
Ramadan – where they fast from dawn to
evening.
Hajj – pilgrimage season which draws
millions
of Muslim pilgrims to mecca every year.
Al-Ardha, the country’s national dance, - folk
ritual
Jenadriyah Festival – major cultural event
Traditional Dress
 Men – 29.5 inches
Thawb – an ankle-length Arab garment with Women – 28 ,5 inches
long sleeves
Izaar – lower undergarment
Kufiyah – skull cap
ghutra – large square cotton cloth

abaya – a black outer coat over their dress.

shayla – scarf that is wrapped around their
head for protection.

Physical Education
Basketball
- Played by two teams of 5 players
- To shoot a ball through a hoop 18
inches in diameter and 10 feet.
Officials
Person who has to ability to enforce the rules.
A. Referee; Whistle
1. Crew chief – performs the jump ball
2. Umpires – a.k.a Referees
B. Scorer; Scoresheet, Scoreboard
- The one who will record the points,
violations, and fouls gained by each team.

History
C. Timekeepers
December 1891
- Responsible for monitoring the time of the
Dr. James Naismith, P.E Instructor at the game.
International Young Men’s Christian
Association Training School (YMCA)

- Was originally played with a soccer Health

ball.
- First official game was played in the
YMCA Gymnasium in Albany, New
York, on January 20, 2892, with
nine players.
Path of infection
 INFECTION – Is described as an
illness caused by disease-causing
organisms that enter the body and
multiply.

Equipment
  PATHOGENS – Are living agents
such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. These are found everywhere.

STAGES OF INFECTION
INCUBATION STAGE – the incubation stage
is the time between entry of the pathogen in
the host and the onset of signs and symptoms.
PRODROMAL STAGE – the prodromal stage
is the time from the onset of common initial
symptoms until other specific ones begin to
manifest.
ILLNESS – it is called the “acute stage”.
 systematic symptoms – involves
different organs in the body
 localized symptoms – only affect a
specific area in the body.
DECLINE – this is the stage in which the
body begins to return to a normal state of
health.
CONVALESCENCE STAGE – this is the
stage in which all signs and symptoms
disappear completely.