MOTHER TERESA SR. SEC.

CO-ED SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENT ON TOPIC:

"RATES OF EVAPORATION OF
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS"
 SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Mrs. JYOTI KUMARI SYED AYAN AHMED

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks
and gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Jyoti
Kumari who gave me this golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project
of Chemistry on "Rate of Evaporation of
Different Liquids", who also helped me
in completing my project. I came to know
so many new things, I am really thankful
to them. Secondly I would also like to
thank my family and friends who helped
me a lot in finalising the project within
the time limit frame.

Syed Ayan Ahmed

 XI 'A'

CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
● Definition of Evaporation
● Importance of Studying Evaporation Rates

2. FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION

● Temperature
● Humidity
● Surface Area
● Nature of the liquids

3.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
● List of Different Liquids Chosen
● Experimental Apparatus Required

4.PROCEDURE

5.DATA COLLECTION

6.ANALYSIS

7.CONCLUSIONS
 8.APPLICATIONS
RATE OF EVAPORATION OF
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Definition of Evaporation :-

Evaporation is a phase transition process in which liquid molecules

gain sufficient kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces and
escape into the gaseous state. This occurs at the liquid's surface,
where molecules with higher energy break away, forming vapour.
The rate of evaporation depends on factors such as temperature,
surface area, and the presence of other substances.
2. Importance of Studying Evaporation Rates :-

It provides insights into the physical properties of substances and

their behaviour during phase transitions. Understanding the factors
affecting evaporation, such as temperature and surface area, helps
students grasp fundamental principles of thermodynamics.
Moreover, the study of evaporation is integral to comprehending the
water cycle, a key component of environmental science. Knowledge
of evaporation rates is essential for predicting weather patterns,
explaining cloud formation, and understanding precipitation
processes. This understanding is vital for meteorology and climate
science.

In practical applications, industries rely on an understanding of

evaporation rates for processes like drying, distillation, and cooling
systems. Agricultural practices, too, benefit from knowledge about
evaporation rates for efficient water management.

II. FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION

1. Temperature:-
Higher temperatures generally lead to increased evaporation rates.
As temperature rises, molecules in a liquid gain energy, causing
them to move more rapidly and escape into the air.

2. Humidity:-
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. Higher
humidity levels mean that the air is already saturated with moisture,
making it more difficult for additional water molecules to evaporate
into the air.

3. Surface Area:-
The exposed surface area of the liquid influences the rate of
evaporation. A larger surface area provides more space for
molecules to escape, increasing the evaporation rate. This is why,
for example, a puddle evaporates more quickly than a cup of water.

4. Nature of the Liquid:-

The characteristics of the liquid itself, such as its volatility, boiling
point, and molecular composition, also affect evaporation. Highly
volatile liquids with weaker intermolecular forces, like alcohol,
evaporate more quickly than less volatile liquids with stronger
intermolecular forces, such as water. Additionally, liquids with lower
boiling points tend to evaporate faster, contributing to the overall
dynamics of evaporation.

III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

● List of Different Liquids Chosen :-

1. Water :-
As a common and easily accessible liquid, it serves as a baseline
for comparison.

2.Rubbing Alcohol (Isopropyl) :-

Known for its rapid evaporation, it can demonstrate the influence of
chemical composition on evaporation rates.

3. Vegetable Oil :-
Oils generally have slower evaporation rates than water, and using
a vegetable oil can represent a different class of liquids.

4. Acetone :-
A solvent with a low boiling point, it tends to evaporate quickly and
can showcase the impact of molecular structure on evaporation.
● Experimental Apparatus Required:-
1. Four Weighing Bottles
2. 10 ml Pipettes
3. Stop Watch
4. Weighing Balance
5. Liquids Samples

IV. PROCEDURE

1} Clean and dry three weighing bottles and Identify them as A,B,C
and D.
2} Pipette out 10 ml of water to bottle A with a stopper.
3} Pipette out 10 ml of Rubbing Alcohol, Vegetable Oil and Acetone
in each bottle B,C and D respectively.
4} Weigh each of the bottles and record their weights.
5} Remove the stoppers from all the three bottles and then the stop
watch.
6} Let the bottles remain exposed for 30 minutes. Now cover each
of the bottles and weigh them again.

V. DATA COLLECTION

Weighin Liquid taken Initial Final Mass of Rate of

g bottle mass of mass of liquid evapora
mark bottle + bottle + evapora tion
liquid liquid ted
after 30
minutes (W1 -
(W1) (W1 - W2) ÷
(W2) W2) 30 min
A Water 200g 195g 05g 0.17g/m
in
B Rubbing 180g 170g 10g 0.33g/m
Alcohol in
C Vegetable Oil 220g 218g 02g 0.07g/m
in
D Acetone 150 lg 125g 25g 0.83g/m
in

VI. ANALYSIS

Comparison of Rate of Evaporation :-

The Rate of Evaporation of the given four liquids is in order are :-

Acetone > Rubbing Alcohol > Water > Vegetable Oil

(0.83g/min) (0.33g/min) (0.17g/min) (0.07g/min)

VII. CONCLUSIONS

●This experiment concludes that the liquids having Weaker

Intermolecular Forces have Higher Rate of Evaporation

VIII. APPLICATIONS

☆ Understanding evaporation rates has several real-world

applications across various industries

1. Climate and Meteorology :-

● Predicting and understanding evaporation rates is crucial for
weather forecasting.

● Evaporation influences humidity levels, which, in turn, impact

cloud formation and precipitation.

2. Agriculture :-

● Efficient irrigation systems depend on knowledge of evaporation

rates to optimise water usage.

● Farmers can plan their watering schedules based on the

expected evaporation rates in their region.

3. Food Industry :-

● Controlling the evaporation rate is essential in food processing,

especially in dehydration and concentration processes.

● It is critical for determining the shelf life and quality of various food
products.

4. Environmental Conservation :-

● Managing water resources requires understanding evaporation

rates in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
● Efficient water management strategies can be developed to
conserve water in ecosystems.

5. Material Science :-

● Evaporation rates are considered in the development of coatings,

adhesives, and other materials to ensure desired drying times and
characteristics.
6. Medicine and Healthcare :-

● Understanding evaporation rates is relevant in medical research

and the design of drug delivery systems.

● It plays a role in the formulation of topical medications and wound

dressings.

7. Energy Sector :-

● In cooling systems, knowledge of evaporation rates is essential

for optimising energy efficiency, such as in the cooling towers of
power plants.

8. Pharmaceuticals :-

● Evaporation plays a role in pharmaceutical manufacturing, such

as in the drying of medications or the production of pharmaceutical
formulations.