Experiment 1

Laboratory Glasswares
&
Preparation of Solutions

CHEM 110
Chemistry Lab for Scientists and Engineers
- Spring 2021-2022 -
Laboratory Glasswares for Volume Measurements

Beaker Erlenmeyer flask Graduated cylinder

Pipette Volumetric flask Burette

Part.A: Preparation of Solutions with Accurately Known
Concentrations

Objective:
To prepare solutions of known concentration (molarity) by weighing out a
solid

Theory:
solution = homogeneous mixture
solute + solvent

stock solution: accurately known concentration

Part.A: Preparation of Solutions with Accurately Known
Concentrations

Example:
A student weighs 0.563 g of FeCl3 and dissolves it in enough
distilled water to make 100.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of
the prepared solution?

𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑛=
𝑉 (𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

0.563 𝑔
𝑛= = 3.47 𝑥 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
162.2 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

3.47 𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀= = 3.47 𝑥 10−2 M
0.100 𝐿
Part.A: Preparation of Solutions with Accurately Known
Concentrations

Preparation of 0.15 M 100 mL NaCl solution

Equipment:
Part.A: Preparation of Solutions with Accurately Known
Concentrations
 Part.A: Preparation of Solutions with Accurately
Known Concentrations

Calculation:

𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑛=
𝑉 (𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

0.877 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝑛= = 0.015 𝑚𝑜𝑙
58.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.015 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀= = 0.15 M
0.100 𝐿
Part.B: Dilution of Solutions of Known Concentration
REMEMBER!
𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒)
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑉 (𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
Objective:
To prepare solutions by dilution of a stock solution

Theory:
dilution: addition of more solvent to produce a solution of
reduced concentration
concentrated solution + solvent diluted solution

(moles of solute)initial = (moles of solute)final

𝑀𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑉𝑓
Part.B: Dilution of Solutions of Known Concentration

Example:
A student pipets exactly 5.00 mL of 3.47 x 10-2 M FeCl3 solution
into a volumetric flask and adds enough water to make 250 mL of
solution. What is the concentration of the diluted solution?

(moles of solute)initial = (moles of solute)final

𝑀𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑉𝑓

𝑀𝑖 𝑉𝑖 3.47 𝑥 10−2 𝑀 (5.00 𝑚𝐿)

𝑀𝑓 = = = 6.94 x10−4 𝑀
𝑉𝑓 (250 𝑚𝐿)
Part.B: Dilution of Solutions of Known Concentration

Preparation of 0.015 M 100 mL NaCl solution from stock solution

Equipment:

Erlenmeyer flask pipette pump pipette volumetric flask

Part.B: Dilution of Solutions of Known Concentration
Part.B: Dilution of Solutions of Known Concentration

Calculation:

(moles of solute)initial = (moles of solute)final

𝑀𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑀𝑓 𝑉𝑓

0.1500 𝑀 ? = (0.0150 𝑀) (100 𝑚𝐿)

𝑉𝑖 = 10 mL
 Part.C: The Use of Burette

Objective:
To learn how to use burette in the experiments

Equipment:
burette stand

funnel

beaker

burette
Part.C: The Use of Burette
Part.C: The Use of Burette

Final volume : 3.90 mL

Initial volume : 3.30 mL
Volume transfer : Final volume-initial volume
Volume transfer : 3.90-3.30=0.60 mL
Part.C: The Use of Burette

Do not use this part

because you can not
measure!!