I-1 Civil Engineering and Society - 30 Jan 2019

CIVL 1100
Discovering Civil and Environmental Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
(土木及環境工程學系)
HKUST
1. Civil Engineering and Society
J S Kuang
2
Professor of Civil Engineering, HKUST
1. Civil Engineering and
Society
Introduction
1.1
Civil Engineering: Importance and

Challenges
1.2
Major Sub‐disciplines
1.3
3
1.1.1 Challenges in real‐life
How to develop a new

city from an empty site ?
4
Challenges in real‐life (cont’d)
How to develop a new

vaccine from a sample of
virus?
5
1.1.2 Role of engineers
• An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with

applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop
solutions for technical and practical problems.
Engineers
6
1.1.3 Types of engineering
• Engineering can broadly be classified in accordance to the nature of

problems that encountered:
Agricultural Civil Industrial

Engineering Engineering Engineering
Engineering
Architectural Chemical Manufacturing

Biomedical Computer Mechanical

Ceramic Electrical Nuclear

7
Civil Engineering:
Importance and Challenges
1.2
8
1.2.1 Civil engineering and civil engineers
9
Civil engineering and civil engineers (cont’d)
• Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the
planning
design
construction, and
maintenance
of the physical and naturally built environment, including infrastructure

(roads, bridges, dams, canals, etc.) and buildings.
10
Civil engineering and civil engineers (cont’d)
• Civil engineers are problem solvers, meeting the challenges of pollution,

traffic congestion, drinking water and energy needs, urban redevelopment,
and community planning, etc.
• Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military

engineering and takes place on all levels:
in the public sector from municipal through to national governments,
and
in the private sector from individual homeowners through to
international companies.
11
1.2.2 Civil engineering: importance
• Many of the important things in our lives that we take for granted are the
products of civil engineering.
Power plants Dams
Reservoirs
12
Civil engineering: importance (cont’d)
Pipelines
Water and sewage
treatment systems
Transportation
systems
13
Buildings and
bridges
14
• All of previous examples are the fundamental components forming a city.
• All civil engineering works can improve the working efficiency, productivity
and living environment of our society.
興土木利民生齊拓展創明天

We Bring The Best Engineering To Life
卓越工程建設香港
We Engineer Hong Kong’s Development
15
1.2.3 Civil engineering: challenges
• Civil engineers must have clear understanding on the theoretical

backgrounds and technical issues of the corresponding sub‐disciplines.
– Theoretical aspects:
o Mechanics of materials
o Structural analysis
o Soil mechanics
o Fluid mechanics
o Environmental protection
o Transportation planning
o etc.
– Technical aspects:
o Design codes of practice
o Design manuals and handbooks
o etc.
Civil engineering – challenges (cont’d)
• Civil engineers also need to concern with the non‐technical issues

when projects commence.
o budget available for the project
o social, economic and political issues
o workmanship standard
o impacts to surrounding
o construction management
o life cycle performance
o maintenance
o etc.
17
• Good construction management, quality control and workmanship are the

essential factors that ensure the structures can work smoothly within their
expected structural life.
• Possible consequences of poor construction management include:
Poor quality control High maintenance

and workmanship cost
Structural failure Loss of lives
18
South China Morning Post (16th July 2011)
• Good construction
Poor quality management, quantity control and workmanship
control / workmanship
are the essential factors that ensure the structures can work
… bathroom drain sometimes stinks,
smoothly within their expected structural life .
the wooden floor cracks in the dry
winters and one window never fails
• to let in theconsequences
Possible water on rainy daysof
... poor construction management include:
Poor Daily
Structural failure
High Maintenance
Performance Cost
… a nearly completed 13‐ storey
apartment building in a complex of
11 buildings known as Lotus
Riverside, inStructural
Shanghai, Failure
toppled over Loss of Life
largely intact, killing one worker …
19
South China Morning Post (16th July 2011)
• Good construction management, quantity control and workmanship

Poor performance
are the essential factors that ensure the structures can work
… bathroom drain sometimes stinks,
smoothly within their expected structural life .
the wooden floor cracks in the dry
winters and one window never fails
• to let in theconsequences
Possible water on rainy daysof
... poor construction management include:
Poor Daily
Structural failure
High Maintenance
Performance Cost
… a nearly completed 13‐ storey
apartment building in a complex of
11 buildings known as Lotus
Riverside, inStructural
Shanghai, Failure
toppled over Loss of Life
largely intact, killing one worker …The engineers were
convicted
20
• Civil engineers need to design and build structures with complex shapes
Burj al Arab Hong Kong Convention and

Exhibition Centre
CCTV
Burj
Khalifa
Beijing National
21
Eiffel Tower Water Cube Stadium
• to design and build long‐span structures
Akashi Kaikyo Sutong

Bridge Bridge
Tsing Ma Stonecutters
Bridge Bridge
22
A large bridge complex ‐ the Hong Kong‐Zhuhai‐Macau bridge
23
• to design and build underground structures, etc.
Lyon – Turin
Railway Project
53.1 km
Access of
the tunnel 24
• In the future, the design of buildings may become …
25
Civil Engineering Sub‐disciplines
1.3
26
1.3.1 Sub‐disciplines of civil engineering
• Civil engineering includes seven major sub‐disciplines:
Structural
Geotechnical Hydraulics
Civil Engineering
Transportation Environmental
Construction Materials
27
Structural Geotechnical Hydraulic Environmental Transportation Materials Construction
1.3.2 Structural engineering (結構工程)
• Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the planning,

analysis and design of structures that are able to resist various types of
loading as well as natural disasters.
– e.g. buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, water towers, power plants,
storage facilities, unusual structures, etc.
• Structure engineers must ensure that their designs satisfy

the design criteria, including
28
1.3.2 Structural engineering (結構工程)
• Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the planning,

analysis and design of structures that are able to resist various types of
loading as well as natural disasters.
– e.g. buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, water towers, power plants,
storage facilities, unusual structures, etc.
• Structure engineers must ensure that their designs satisfy

the design criteria, including
Safety Serviceability
Structures must not Deformation must

collapse without not disrupt the use of
warning. structures.
29
Structural engineering (cont’d)
• Structures can be designed and constructed using different construction

materials, depending on the cost, project nature and materials available,
e.g. concrete, steel, wood, brick, stone, new synthetic materials, etc.
Reinforced Concrete
Structures
30

Steel / Concrete–
steel Composite
Timber Structures
31
• Structural engineers must design and construct the structures

based on the codes of practice (design codes, 設計規範).
• Different countries have their own standards for designing

structures.
Hong Kong Code
Eurocode American code Australian Standard
32
1.3.3 Geotechnical engineering (岩土工程)
• Geotechnical engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the

behaviour of soil, rock and underground water.
• Geotechnical engineering usually deals with the design and construction

of foundations and earthworks,
e.g. foundations, tunnels, embankments, levees, etc.
Shallow
foundations
Pile
foundations
33
Geotechnical engineering (cont’d)
Tunnels Embankments
34
Geotechnical engineering (cont’d)
• Geotechnical engineering also needs to assess the risk from natural

hazards at a construction site or environment,
e.g. landslides, soil liquefaction, rockfalls, sinkholes, debris flows, etc.
• Soil improvement or retaining structures will be adopted if the

corresponding zone has potential risk to the society.
Landside
Retaining walls
Liquefaction Installing wick drains

35
1.3.4 Hydraulic engineering (水利工程)
• Hydraulic engineering is an area of

civil engineering concerned with the
flow and conveyance of fluids, Dams
principally water and sewage.
• This area of civil engineering is

usually related to the design and
construction of hydraulic structures,
e.g. dams, channels, canals, levees,
etc.
36
Hydraulic engineering (cont’d)
Levees
Canals
37
Hydraulic engineering (cont’d)
• Hydraulic engineering also involves the planning, development and

management of water resources and discharge systems,
e.g. water distribution networks, water collection networks, sewage
collection networks, storm water management, etc.
Storm sewer systems Water distribution networks
38
1.3.5 Environmental engineering (環境工程)
• Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering

principles to improve the natural environment and to minimise the
impacts on the environment.
EA
Air Water
Noise Waste
39
Environmental engineering (cont’d)
• Air quality monitoring

Air • Air pollution control
• Ozone layer protection
Air quality monitoring stations

in Hong Kong Air pollution monitoring
40
• Solid waste management

Waste
• Methods of disposal (e.g. landfills and incineration)
• Site investigation and remediation
Landfills
Incineration
41
• Water treatment
Water • Wastewater treatment
• Water quality monitoring
• Wastewater recycling
• Groundwater quality control
Wastewater management Sewage treatment Wastewater recycling
42
• Noise monitoring
Noise
• Noise mitigation measures
Traffic and Noise

construction barriers
noise
43
• Environmental engineers use a systemic identification and evaluation

process to assess the potential impacts of a proposed project upon the
physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components on
environmental conditions.
– in Hong Kong, since 1998 environmental impact assessment (EIA) has
been regulated by the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance
1997.
• Mitigation measures have to be developed to limit or prevent such

impacts when impacts are expected.
44
1.3.6 Transportation engineering (交通運輸工程)
• Transportation engineering is concerned with moving

people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a
environmentally sustainable ways.
• This involves planning, design, construction, operation

and maintenance of the infrastructure associated with
vehicles, driver/passengers and rights of way,
e.g. facilities support air, highway, railroad, pipeline,
water, etc.
• The transportation engineers design systems for controlling traffic to

ensure effective and safe use of the road systems and strive to reduce the
impacts of roads and traffic on the environment.
45
Transportation engineering (cont’d)
Highway systems Railway systems
46
Transportation engineering (cont’d)
Bicycle paths Piers
Airports
47
1.3.7 Materials engineering (材料工程)
• The role of materials engineers spans almost all

of engineering disciplines, because engineers
have to use materials in their designs.
• A materials engineer's job is highly varied:

Asphalt
o choosing suitable materials to re‐surface a pavement
road on one day
o designing a concrete mix for a large building
o developing strengthening techniques for
damaged structures / structural members Damaged
column
etc.
48
Materials engineering (cont’d)
• Materials engineering is primarily concerned with the development of

new or improved materials for constructing structures by changing the
material microscopic structures.
Fly ash Engineered cement

concrete composite
Artificial stone
Polypropylene fiber Cellular
reinforced concrete concrete 49
Materials engineering (cont’d)
• Materials engineers are also involved in design of materials and methods

to repair existing structures that may be damaged.
Retrofitting using
damper
Slab retrofitting using steel FRP retrofit system

plate and carbon FRP
50
Structural Materials Geotechnical Hydraulic Environmental Transportation Construction
1.3.8 Construction engineering (施工工程)
• Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs

from the other fields of engineers, such as transportation, hydraulic,
environmental, structural and geotechnical.
o civil engineering projects also requires knowledge of management
principles and business procedures, economics, and human behaviour,
etc.
• Construction engineers have to plan, manage and
supervise construction jobs as well as bring a
consensus among other engineers and workers in
the field.
o they need to team up with engineers in the
other civil engineering specialisations.
o construction engineers need to have strong
communication skill.
51
Structural Materials Geotechnical Hydraulic Environmental Transportation Construction
Construction engineering (cont’d)
• Construction engineers also involve in

o drafting and reviewing contracts
o cost estimating and budgeting
o planning and scheduling
o designing temporary structures
o building and site layout surveying
o evaluating logistical operations Temporary structures
o materials procurement
o on‐site material testing
o quality assurance and quality control
o safety engineering
o etc.
On‐site material tests

52
1.3.9 Prospects of civil engineers
• What can I do with my civil engineering degree ?

A civil engineering degree prepares you for work
o in the construction industry, and
o in the broader business, management and financial sectors.
• Civil engineers are always in demand, both in the planning, design and
construction phases of new infrastructure development, as well as in their
monitoring and maintenance.
53
Prospects of civil engineers (cont’d)
• Job option: Jobs directly related to your degree include

o Consulting civil / structural / geotechnical engineer
o Consulting environmental engineer
o Contracting civil engineer
• Jobs where your degree would be useful include

o Building services engineer
o Engineering geologist
o Environmental consultant
o Quantity surveyor
54
• Job opportunities for civil engineers in Hong Kong include:

o The government
Building Department Housing Department

The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Civil Engineering and Development Department Highways Department

Drainage Services Department Transport Department

Environmental Protection Department Planning Department

Marine Department Water Supplies Department

55
o Engineering consulting firms
etc.
56
o Contractors / Construction companies
China State Construction
etc.
57

I-1 Civil Engineering and Society - 30 Jan 2019

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

I-1 Civil Engineering and Society - 30 Jan 2019

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CIVL 1100

Discovering Civil and Environmental Engineering

1. Civil Engineering and Society

Civil Engineering: Importance and

How to develop a new

How to develop a new

• An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with

• Engineering can broadly be classified in accordance to the nature of

Agricultural Civil Industrial

Architectural Chemical Manufacturing

Biomedical Computer Mechanical

Ceramic Electrical Nuclear

• Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the

of the physical and naturally built environment, including infrastructure

• Civil engineers are problem solvers, meeting the challenges of pollution,

• Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military

Power plants Dams

• All of previous examples are the fundamental components forming a city.

興土木 利民生 齊拓展 創明天

• Civil engineers must have clear understanding on the theoretical

• Civil engineers also need to concern with the non‐technical issues

• Good construction management, quality control and workmanship are the

• Possible consequences of poor construction management include:

Poor quality control High maintenance

Structural failure Loss of lives

Civil engineering – challenges (cont’d)

• Good construction management, quantity control and workmanship

Burj al Arab Hong Kong Convention and

• to design and build long‐span structures

Akashi Kaikyo Sutong

A large bridge complex ‐ the Hong Kong‐Zhuhai‐Macau bridge

• to design and build underground structures, etc.

• In the future, the design of buildings may become …

• Civil engineering includes seven major sub‐disciplines:

1.3.2 Structural engineering (結構工程)

• Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the planning,

• Structure engineers must ensure that their designs satisfy

1.3.2 Structural engineering (結構工程)

• Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the planning,

• Structure engineers must ensure that their designs satisfy

Structures must not Deformation must

Structural engineering (cont’d)

• Structures can be designed and constructed using different construction

Structural engineering (cont’d)

Structural engineering (cont’d)

• Structural engineers must design and construct the structures

• Different countries have their own standards for designing

Hong Kong Code

Eurocode American code Australian Standard

1.3.3 Geotechnical engineering (岩土工程)

• Geotechnical engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the

• Geotechnical engineering usually deals with the design and construction

Geotechnical engineering (cont’d)

Geotechnical engineering (cont’d)

• Geotechnical engineering also needs to assess the risk from natural

• Soil improvement or retaining structures will be adopted if the

Liquefaction Installing wick drains

1.3.4 Hydraulic engineering (水利工程)

• Hydraulic engineering is an area of

• This area of civil engineering is

Hydraulic engineering (cont’d)

Hydraulic engineering (cont’d)

興土木利民生齊拓展創明天