Introduction to Aerospace Engineering/Flight

July-2023
Assignment 4

Q1 In a viscous flow experiment, three jars have been taken into consideration are
filled with water, corn syrup and honey respectively. Now a marble is dropped into
these jars simultaneously.
Statement: Marble will take minimum time to reach to the bottom of the jar filled
with water as compared with other jars filled with corn syrup and honey.
Reason: Water is less viscous than corn syrup and honey and hence provide less
resistance to the marble.

MCQ (A) The Statement is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.

(1 mark)
(B) The Statement is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.

(C) Both the Statement and the Reason are correct.

(D) Both the Statement and the Reason are incorrect.

Solution: (C)
 Q2 Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about Viscosity?

MSQ (A) It provides acceleration to the relative motion of the fluid particles.
(1 mark)
(B) Fluids with lower viscosity exhibit higher flow rates.

(C) It provides resistance to the relative motion of the fluid particles.

(D) Fluids with higher viscosity exhibit lower flow rates.

Solution: (B), (C), (D)

Q3 Read the following statements and choose the correct option:

I. Reynolds Number is the ratio of inertial forces and the viscous forces.
II. As the Reynolds Number increases, the Laminar nature of flow increases.
III. Flows with very high Reynolds Number are likely to be Turbulent.

MCQ (A) All statements are correct.

(1 mark)
(B) Only II and III are correct.

(C) Only I and II are correct.

(D) Only I and III are correct.

(E) All statements are incorrect.

(F) Only I is correct.

(G) Only II is correct.

(H) Only III is correct.

Solution: (D)
 Q4 Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about the transition of flow from
Laminar to Turbulent?

MSQ (A) When the flow passes over a flat plate at high angle of attack, the flow will
(1 mark) always change to Turbulent downstream the flat plate.

(B) High Reynolds Number flows are always Turbulent.

(C) Transition of flow from Laminar to Turbulent is affected by the surface

roughness and viscosity of the fluid.

(D) When the flow passes over a circular cylinder, the flow will always change
to Turbulent downstream the flat plate.

Solution: (C)

Q5 An aircraft wing is kept inside a wind tunnel in a laboratory located at an altitude

of 1.5 km AMSL under ISA+10 conditions. The flow velocity and Reynolds
5
Number in the test section are measured as 10 m/s and 10 , respectively. Estimate
the value of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord of the wing, assuming Kinematic
−5
Viscosity is 1. 46 * 10 St.
(Write your answer in cm and correct up to one decimal place)

NAT Answer : 13 - 16
(1 mark)

Solution:
Reynolds Number is given as:
𝑉𝑐
𝑅𝑒 = ν

10*𝑐
100000 = −5
1.46*10

𝑐 =14.6 cm
 Q6 Who among the following suggested splitting the flow domain near the flat plate
into two regions; one with significant viscous effects, and the other where viscous
effects are negligible?

MSQ (A) Osborne Reynolds

(1 mark)
(B) George Gabriel Stokes

(C) Ludwig Prandtl

(D) Claude-Loius Navier

Solution: (C)

Q7 Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

I. Flow separation is an effect of Viscous flow.
II. There is no Flow separation in an Inviscid flow.

MCQ (A) Only I is correct.

(1 mark)
(B) Only II is correct.

(C) Both I and II are correct.

(D) Both I and II are incorrect.

Solution: (C)
 Q8 Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about the Pressure Measurement?

MSQ (A) Static pressure is measured with least possible disturbance to the flow field.
(1 mark)
(B) Stagnation pressure is measured by bringing the flow to rest isentropically.

(C) Static pressure is measured using surface pressure tapping.

(D) Stagnation pressure is measured with a Pitot tube.

Solution: (A), (B), (C), (D)

Q 9-10 An aircraft is in steady level flight at an altitude of 8 km AMSL under ISA

conditions. The Pitot Static Tube mounted on the aircraft nose records a total
pressure of 40 kPa.

Q9 Calculate the True Airspeed of the aircraft in m/s, ignoring position error.
(Write your answer correct up to two decimal places).

NAT Answer : 120-135

(1 mark)

Solution:
As per ISA table, the ambient static pressure and air density at 8 km are 35.65 kPa and 0.5258
3
𝑘𝑔/𝑚 .
1 2
𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑆 + 2
ρ𝑉𝑇

1 2
40000 = 35650 + 2
* 0. 5258 * 𝑉𝑇

𝑉𝑇 = 128. 63 𝑚/𝑠
 Q 10 Calculate Equivalent Airspeed of the aircraft in m/s.
(Write your answer correct up to two decimal places).

NAT Answer : 80-90

(1 mark)

Solution:
ρ
𝑉𝐸𝐴𝑆 = 𝑉𝑇𝐴𝑆 ρ0

0.5258
𝑉𝐸𝐴𝑆 = 128. 63 1.2256

𝑉𝐸𝐴𝑆 = 84. 25 𝑚/𝑠

Q 11 Which of the following have been reported to result in errors in airspeed

measurement using a Pitot Static Tube?

MSQ (A) Improper location.

(1 mark)
(B) Blockage of Pitot port.

(C) Blockage of static ports.

(D) Obstructions due to insect nests inside the tube.

(E) Accumulation of Ice over the tube.

Solution: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)

 Q 12 Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about Airspeeds?

MSQ (A) Airspeed Indicator shows True Airspeed.

(1 mark)
(B) Ground speed is obtained from the True Airspeed by considering wind
speed.

(C) Calibrated Airspeed is obtained from True Airspeed correcting for

compressibility effects.

(D) Indicated Airspeed is obtained from Ground speed correcting for

instrument and position error.

Solution: (B)

Q 13
Match the following instruments with the parameter they measure-

I. Airspeed Indicator 1) Ground Airspeed

II. Altimeter 2) Rate of Descent

III. Variometer 3) Rate of Climb

IV. Turn and Bank Indicator 4) Altitude

MCQ (A) I→1

(1 mark)
(B) II→3

(C) III→2

(D) IV→4

Solution: (C)
 Q 14 Why do we see a bulbous shape in the Pitot static tube of a supersonic aircraft?

MSQ (A) To reduce errors due to the presence of shock waves.

(1 mark)
(B) To minimize Position Error.

(C) To identify that the aircraft can sustain supersonic flight.

(D) To avoid heating of the tube due to presence of shock waves.

Solution: (A), (B)

Q 15 An aircraft is cruising at a Mach Number of 0.8 at an altitude of 10 km AMSL

under ISA conditions. Calculate the ratio of static pressure to stagnation pressure.
(Write your answer in m/s and correct up to two decimal places)

NAT Answer : 0.60 - 0.70

(1 mark)

Solution:
γ
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 (
= 1 +
γ−1
2
𝑀∞
2
) γ−1

1.4
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 (
= 1 +
1.4−1
2
0. 8
2
) 1.4−1

𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐
= 1. 5243

𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐
𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 0. 656 = 0. 66