The Use of ICT: Smart Mitigation

Dr. Endy Agustian, S.T., M.Eng

endyagustian@uigm.ac.id

Mata Kuliah: Sistem Informasi Kebencanaan

Program Studi Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indo Global Mandiri
Model Entropi
Kebijakan

Kota sebagai sistem terbuka:

Pertumbuhan merupakan fenomena yang
tidak dapat dielakan, Kesadaran entropi
dapat memperlambat atau bahkan mencega
terjadinya “Ketidakberlanjutan Kota”
Tata Ruang

Penduduk Aktivitas
 • Physical and real: characteristics
concentration and dispersion
• The geographer’s interest in space as a
Absolute
dimension can be traced back to the
Space concern of early map-makers with the
precise measurement of subsequently
influenced all form of spatial analysis.

SPACE
• Action space, activity space, awareness
space, bounded space, development
Relative space, economic space,experiential space,
Space ideological space, indirect contact space,
interpersonal space, social space,
VIRTUAL SPACE
Yang Menjadi Pertanyaan Adalah ?

Mengapa ruang
perlu di tata ?
List of Topics
(1) Various Definitions of Smart City & Smart City
Framework Models
(2)How Smart City Works
(3)How to Develop a Smart City
(4)Implementation Smart City Concept in
Mitigation (Smart Mitigation)
A Simple Definition of Smart City
Smart city is a city that utilizes the advancement of
information technology in managing its city smartly /
intelligently and efficiently so as to be able, among others:
ü Efficient and effective in using resources (reducing costs,
saving energy)
ü Improve public services
ü Improve the comfort of life
ü Reduce environmental pollution

The focus is in innovations

May be (may not be) supported by ICT
Three
Factors of
Smart City

Source: Nam & Pardo

(2011: 286, Figure 1)

Nam, Taewoo & Theresa A. Pardo. (2011)

Conceptualizing Smart City with
Dimensions of Technology, People,
and Institutions, The Proceedings of
the 12th Annual International
Conference on Digital Government
Research, June 12-15, 2011, College
Park, MD, USA
Definition of Smart City:
Technological Aspect
“A city that monitors and integrates conditions of all its
critical infrastructures, including roads, bridges, tunnels,
rails, subways, airports, seaports, communications,
water, power, even major buildings, can better optimize
its resources, plan its preventive maintenance activities,
and monitor security aspects while maximizing services
to its citizens.”

Source: Nam & Pardo (2011: 283-284)

Definition of Smart City:
Citizen/Community Aspect
- “A city that gives inspiration, shares
culture, knowledge, and life, a city that
motivates its inhabitants to create and
flourish in their own lives”.
- “A city where the ICT strengthen the
freedom of speech and the accessibility to
public information and services.”

Source: Nam & Pardo (2011: 283-284)

Various Smart
City
Framework
Models :

Indonesian
Smart Cities

Source: Ministry of Communication and Information Teknology, Indonesia (2017)

Topic 2:

How Smart City Works

 How a Smart City works
Data (real time), 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week Big Data (real time)
processed (quickly) to
Big improve understanding of
City Analytics
Data the condition / problems
that happened

Fast in data Fast in Fast in

collection understand action

Sensing Understanding Acting

Among other things are: Quickly understand the condition /
ü Sensors installed throughout the city problems and automatically and/or
ü Application on manually, then act quickly
smartphone citizens
 What is "Internet of Things" (IoT)
and why it is important?
• The Internet of Things is a network of physical objects on which
technology is embedded to communicate and capable of "feeling"
or interacting with other objects or external environments.
• IoT means technology
that allows devices,
systems and services to be
able to communicate and
connect with each other in
sophisticated ways.

Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-things-iot-patric-mutabazi
Integration of everything: Center for
Operational Control
Rio de Jeneiro

Bandung
Topic 3:

How to Develop a Smart City

Songdo (South Korea)
 Songdo (South Korea)

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/09/songdo-
south-korea-the-city-of-the-future/380849/
 Songdo (South Korea)

Sumber : https://newsroom.cisco.com/feature-
content?type=webcontent&articleId=1738492
Topic 3:

Progress of Smart Cities

in Indonesia
The Indonesian
100 S mart
Cities
Movement :
Smart City
Readiness
Model
Topic 4:

Implementation Smart City Concept in

Mitigation (Smart Mitigation)
 Transformation to a Smart Mitigation
People
! Pre-disaster
! Syn-disaster
Post-disaster
Process Technology
!

Data Center &

IT Infrastructure Sensor Cloud

Applications Data Analytic Open Data

Command Center
Open Data: Risk Assessment

http://inarisk.bnpb.go.id/
Hazard monitoring and information
https://magma.vsi.esdm.go.id/

Camera (live) VONA

Seismogram Volcanoes

Earthquake
Landslides and Tsunami
Early Warning System
Source: Chaves & Cola (2017)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781785480539500019

Represents the set of capacities needed to generate

and disseminate timely and meaningful warning
information that enables at-risk individuals,
communities and organizations to prepare and act
appropriately and in
sufficient time to reduce harm or loss
○ risk knowledge to build the baseline understanding
○ about the risk;
monitoring to identify how risks evolve through
○ time;
○ response capability;
warning communication which packages the
monitoring information into actionable messages
understood by those that need, and are prepared, to
hear them.
Resilient and SMART VILLAGE
:NATURAL HAZARDs

communication technology solutions to manage

Smart: integrate multiple information and
Pre-
How to prepare
Disaster Economic aspect

region’s assets*
Exterior of village

Social aspect

Resources
Syn-
Village

How to cope
Disaster Environmental aspect

Institutional aspect

Post-
Disaster How to recover Cultural aspect

* Including participation of local communities

Source: Mei (2016)

 PRE-DISASTER
In this period, regional inventory is very important, not only to map resources
(elements at risk) but also capacity and vulnerability (finest scale)

Spatial distribution of population Spatial distribution of vulnerable people Spatial distribution of local EWS
(early warning system)
 PRE-DISASTER
In this period, regional inventory is very important, not only to map resources
(elements at risk) but also capacity and vulnerability (finest scale) à « planning »

Data seems
« ordinary » but it
How this
is important
information should
↓Preparedness; be shared to Inter-personal
emergency other? communication:
planning; Verbal & Non
identification of verbal
vulnerable zones, ↓
etc. Traditional or
↓ modern ways
Anticipate for the
« future » disaster
Spatial distribution of transport capacity Spatial distribution of livestock
 INDONESIAN CASE: smart – resilient village
Pro active information» à people should be empowered with information at the pre-
disaster level for disaster preparedness

How to make information to be

accessible to public

Not everyone has access to

device/service (phone,
internet, etc.) or ability to use
it

How the accessible

information can be used by
public
http://sid.web.id/
 DURING-DISASTER
In this period: information are crucial à exchange information à rescue & emergency
response

Partnership between government and civil

society

warning /
alerting
systems

help lines to
contact

Source: Wijoyono et al. (2011)

 DURING-DISASTER
The use of Information Technology (Media) during the 2010 Merapi
Eruption
v Volunteer coordination
v Crowdfunding
v Logistics/aids distribution
v Traffic : due to lahars disaster towards several major roads

http://merapi.combine.or.id/web/peta-jaringan/?lang=id

Mei et al. (2013)

 POST-DIS A STER
In this period: information are essential àrehabilitation & reconstruction as well as
« lessons learned » to be accommodated for preparing the future « shock(s) »

Information on various rehabilitation

activities:
- Jatah hidup (jadup) – government
aids for inhabitants (3 months after
the eruption)
- Temporary and permanent housing
construction
- Site selection and its process

Contacts and cooperation

with community-based
organization
Public participation
Private sector assistance
POST-DIS A STER
In this period: information are essential : monitoring river (not only for volcanic disaster but
also other natural events, i.e., flood, heavy rain, etc.)

http://images.solopos.com/
POST-DIS A STER
In this period: information are essential : spreading information about local
problems to government (political power – “digital democracy”)

Ability to reflect on community issues

i.e. evacuation routes destroyed by sand-mining trucks despite 140 million U.S. $ government spent on road maintenance at
province level
 POST-DIS A STER
Drawing future plans for partnership of DRR/DRM: sister village
program

Strenghten by the use of ICT Social support and recognition from other village (s)
Challenges of « smart » concept in strengthening
village resilience
Involvement of different
important stakeholders: society, Village
Human Smart village without smart people is
government, scientific or resour not possible - Enhance knowledge &
academic institutions, and non- ce skill of local people, i.e. technology,
governmental organizations emergency management
Instituti Partne
Village/desa has greater role ons rship
since the passing of Indonesian Smart
Law on Village in 2014 à dana
desa (Village budget) & peta
desa (village map) policies
Infrastr Resour
Not only construct but also ucture ces
maintain (common task : Inter and intra village partnership, i.e.
government, local institutions, sister village concept
local people, etc.) Use available local resources to be
used to fulfill community needs Source: Mei (2016)