Mathematics Notes for 10th Grade:

Real Numbers:

Definition of real numbers.

Properties of integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers.

Polynomials:

Definition and classification of polynomials.

Operations on polynomials: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables:

Solving systems of linear equations.

Graphical representation and interpretation.

Quadratic Equations:

Solving quadratic equations by factoring, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula.

Discriminant and nature of roots.

Arithmetic Progressions:

Definition and properties of arithmetic progressions.

Finding the nth term and sum of the first n terms.

Triangles:

Congruence and similarity of triangles.

Properties and theorems related to triangles.

Coordinate Geometry:

Distance formula and section formula.

Slope of a line and equations of lines.

Introduction to Trigonometry:

Trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent.

Trigonometric identities and their applications.

Some Applications of Trigonometry:

Heights and distances problems.

Applications of trigonometric ratios in real-life situations.

Circles:

Properties of circles, chords, and tangents.

Inscribed and circumscribed angles.

Constructions:

Construction of triangles and other geometric figures using ruler and compass.

Areas Related to Circles:

Area and circumference of circles.

Areas of sectors and segments.

Surface Areas and Volumes:

Surface area and volume of 3D shapes like cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones.

Statistics:

Collection and presentation of data.

Measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode.

Probability:

Basic concepts of probability.

Probability of simple events.