REVIEWER IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH

RESEARCH
- is about the thinking process; systematic investigation
- require to think critically
- is designed to scientific and phenoma

Importance:
1. To promote people’s relationships
2. It increase man’s understanding of truth
3. Obtaining world knowledge
4. Things are studied in their natural setting. Immerse yourself to the natural setting
of the participant; investigate and interview
5. Research is an instrumental for positive societal changes
6. It engenders respect for people’s individuality
7. It helps understanding and people’s interaction
8. It increases the researcher’s interest
9. It offers and examining about something

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH:

1. Logical - based on valid procedures and principles

2. Empirical - based on direct experience or observation by the researcher; based
on real life situation
3. Cyclical - it starts with a problem and ends with a problem
4. Analytical - utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data, whether
historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study
5. Critical - research exhibits careful and precise judgement
6. Methodical - conducted methodical procedures without bias using systematic
method and procedures
7. Replicability - the designs are repeated and replicated

ETHICS OF RESEARCH

1. Informed Consent - obtaining the participants voluntary agreement; with

permission
 2. Beneficence - welfare of the participants; no harm
3. Fabrication,falsification and plagiarism

QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative Research - defined as the “naturalistic method of research which deals with
concern human difficulty by discovering it straightly” (Beck, 2004).
- deals with words and meanings
- allow you to explore ideas and experiences in depth
- formulate hyphothesis

Strength:
1. Gives rich information (from the experiences of participants)
2. Provides in-depth information
3. Unravels complex phenomena
4. Provides perspective

Weakness:
1. Often times consuming
2. Interpretation of results may be biased
3. Conclusions are not generalized

Quantitative Research - is a positivist scientific method; measurable

- deals with numbers and statistics
- allow you to test a hypothesis by systematically collecting and analyzing data

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Common Types:

Narrative - focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories.
Phenomenology - refers to the study of how experiences meaningful
Ethnography - it is a study of particular cultural group; tradition and culture
Grounded Theory - formulate theory
- development of theory directly biased and grounded in the data collected by the
researcher
- research methodology for discovering theory in substantive area
Case Studies - this involves a long-time study of a person, group, organization, or
situation. It seeks to find answers to why such thing occurs to the subject. Varieties of
data collection methods such as interviews, questionnaires , observations and
documentary analysis are used.

Other Types:

Content Analysis - text analysis

Historical Analysis - past and related literature
Action Research - propose of program

APA 7th Division

In Text Citation - with in the sentence

Types:
Narrative Citation - the last name of the author is outside of parentheses
Ex. Dela Cruz (2005)

Parenthetical Citation - the last name of the author is in of parentheses

Ex. (Dela Cruz, 2005)

1. Publisher location not included

Ex: Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people:Powerful lessons in
personal change. Simon & Schuster.
2. In-text citation are shortened
Ex:(Taylor et al., 2018)
3. Up to 20 authors in the reference list
Ex: F., Lee, H., Cox, G., Harris, H. ., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter. D.,
Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).
4. DOIs are formatted as URLs
Ex: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
5. Citing web pages
Ex: Walker, A. (2019, November 14.) Germany avoids recession but growth remains
weak. BBC News. https//www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
6. Citing ebooks
Ex: Bruck, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites.
Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
7. Contributors other than author
Ex: Film Director
TV series Executive producer(s)
8. Use singular “they”
Ex: A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.
9. Be sensitive to labels
Ex: People living in poverty, Transgender People
10. Appropriate level of specificity
Ex: People aged 65 to 75

References - list of references

- alphabetical arrange

ELEMENTS OF REFERENCE

-Who is the author

-When did it publish
-What is the title
-Where it was published

PARTS OF RESEARCH

● Research Topic- is an intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in the form of

scientific inquiry.
● Research Title- summarizes the study. The initial aim of a title is to capture the
reader’s attention and to draw his or her attention to the research problem being
investigated. Maximum of 15 words.
● Background of the study- is the general orientation to the problem area. It is a
brief rationale to justify the problem. This is the present state of knowledge
regarding the problem.
● Research Problem- a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge
that you will aim to address in your research.
● Research Question- it is what your study intends to answer. It is said to be the
question form of the research problem that you just have identified.
●
Key Qualities of a Good Research Question

-Focused on a single problem or issue

-Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources

 -Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints

-Specific enough to answer thoroughly

-Complex enough to develop the answer over the space of a paper or thesis

-Relevant to your field of study and/or society more broadly

Scope and Delimitation

Scope of the study- it describes the coverage of the study, it specifies what is
covered in terms of concept, number of subjects or the population included in the
study, as well as the timeline when the study was conducted.

Delimitation of the study- this section allows the writer to explain why certain
aspects of a subject were chosen and why others were excluded

This section discusses the parameters of the research in paragraph. It answers the
basic questions:

WHAT – The topic of investigation and the variables included.

WHERE – The venue or setting of the research.

WHEN – The time frame by which the study was conducted.

WHY – The general objectives of the research.

WHO – The subject of the study, the population and sampling.

HOW – The methodology of the research which may include the research
design, methodology and the research instrument.

● Significance of the study- in this part of the research, the researcher defines
who will benefit out of the findings of the study.