Provided / providing that On condition that = So long as /as long as > Without / But for = If it + not be + for + Noun WISH - IF ONLY (Ue gi) - p.22 LOi se cho tuong lai / hign tai / qua khir 15. AS IF / AS THOUGH — p.22, 16. WOULD RATHER - p.22 17, (T'S TIME /1T'S HIGH TIME = p 2 18 REPORTED SPEECH (Cau tuong mane 4 Cau ké (statements) - Cau hdi (questions) Céu cau khién (orders) ~ Reported speech véi To-Intinitive - _ Reported speech vai Gerund 19, RELATIVE CLAUSES (Ménh dé quan hé) ~ p.27 Relative Pronouns : WHO. WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE ~ Relative adverbs: WHERE, WHEN, WHY ~ Relative pronouns THAT Relative pronouns véi Gidi tir ~ Defining / Non-detining clauses ~ Relative Clauses dang rit gon thanh cym phan ti hoge To-infinitive Cleft sentences: It is / was ... who/when/that 20. PARTICIPLES (Phin ti) p.29 21. CONJUNCTIONS (Tir lign két) = p.30 22. ADVERB CLAUSES (Ménh dé trang ti) - p.32 ~ Ménh dé trgng tirchi thoi gian + Ménh dé trang tirchi noi chan + Ménh dé trang tirchi ly do Ménh 4é trang tirchi sy nhugng b6 - Ménh dé trang tirchi két qua Ménh dé trang tir chi myc dich 23. TAG QUESTIONS (Ciu hai dusi) - p. 36 24. QUANTIFIERS (Tir chi s6 luong) ~ p.37 25. ARTICLES (Mao tir p.38 26. SUBJUNCTIVE (Bang thai cach)- p.39 27. INVERSION (Bao ngit) - p.40 28. MOT SO CAU TRUC BANG LUU Y - p43, 29. PREPOSITIONS (Gii tir) - p.44 30. PHRASAI. VERBS (Cum dong ti= p.48 31. IDIOMA'IIC EXPRESSION (Thanh ngit) - p.601. Cich phat dm “ed”: 3 of PRONUNCIATION ich Tia Ww a ‘Dong ti tin cing la im WV hote 17 ‘Ding tir tn cing la dm /s/, 7, AT, ng ti tén cling la ede am con Tei am AU), IN), /st, /2/, fg (Cae am nay thutmg duge thé hign bing cic chi cdi c(e), se), sh, x, 2(6),ch, ae) Eg: causes, changes &m Mk, (6, Ip Eg: laughs, likes /, 8 Tk, 18, 10, ip! Eg: wanted, needed. ee Eg: lived, warned. (Cle am nay thutmg duge thé hign bing cbc chit cli: se), sh, ch, x, k, j eh th pf Eg: booked, fished 2. Clch phit am “es” hoje “s” iad a a | Dank tirhoge dng tr tin cing la | Danh tirhoge ding ti tén cing 18 | Dan tir hobe dong ti tin cing céc am cén ai Eg: games, offers Page 1TENSES + BE: (#)S + anvisare () S +arvis/are +not ()AmiIs/Are +S? + Ordinary Verbs (4) S+VorV-sles | (-)S +don’vdoesn’t + V (Q)Do/ Does +8 +V7 Chu to ()S + am/is/ are + V-ing () S+am/is /are + not + V-ing (Q)Am/Is/ Are +S+V-ing? ‘Cach ding: dién dat ~ M@t sy that ign nhién ‘Ex: The earth circles round the sun Tdi quen hoc hanh dng xay ra thudmg xuyén. ‘Adys: every day, every morning, every ...; 00 Mondays, twice a week; always = constantly, | csually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never Ex: I get up at 6 o'clock every day. | I don't see them very often What does she often do in her free time ? = M@t tinh trang o hign tai Ex: live bx town. Thai kha bidu sinh host cba c6ng dng, gid tau xe chay, gid ca nhge, chiéu phim, bong dé. Ex: The next irain leaves at 7.00 pm. Cich ding: dign dat - M@t sy vige dang dién ra tai thoi diém ndi ho§e trong, rt khong thoi gian & higa te | ‘Adys of time: now, right now, at the moment, at present, presently, currently, for the time being Ex: She isn't eating now = Sy vige mang tinh tam thoi Ex: go to work by bike, but today I'm going by bus. - M6t hinh dong lép di lp Iai dem dén sy phil ha cho nguai nd, Adv: always, usally, continually, constantly Ex: You are always bo = Mot sy thay 46i di v6i déng tt * Ex: My friend is getting fatter - M6tké hogch trong tum lai gn ( Verb thuémg gi: come, go, se, sty, Visit, meet...) Lun ding v6i ‘Advs of time: tomorrow, next week / Saturday, in two weeks, on / this (Friday) ‘Ex: They are going tomorrow Taw FE ang aH Ri Gage 3 ong Tp -TO BE | = DGng tir chi tinh cém: love, like, dislike, belong, suppose, need, want, wish, Chu to () S+V-ed or VQ) () S+didn't+¥ (Q_Did+S+V? “png tt chi gide quan: appear, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste, hate, prefer, enjoy, “ong tit ehi nha thie: know, understand, realize, remember, forget, believe, doubt, imagine, recognize, |.) Was / Were +S + V-ing? ign, Go dé phai ding thi hign tai don 4& thay thé. Chu tao (2S + was / were + () S+was/ were + not+ ick ding: dfn Gyt | | = Mot hanh dng 48 hodn tit trong qué khir véi thot gian xéc djnh. Adys of time: yesterday, last week, ‘month, last year, last .., in 19.... ago; today, this morning, this afternoon (chi mt phn thoi gian 4a qua trong ngay) Ex: [went (0 Paris last year - M@t trang thai hoe théi quen trong quai khis Ex: When a boy, Lofien wert fishing with my dad. = MGt hanh déng cét ngang mét han dng dang nay ra trong qué khir Ex: John arrived while J was eating. = Chudi hing hinh dng xay ra itn tiép nhau trong qua kh | Ex: He came home, took a bath and went to bed. ‘Cich ding: dign dgt Hanh dng dang xdy ra 6 mgt thai diém trong qia Keni. Advs of time: at..o'clock last night /at (time) yesterday Ex: We were playing tennis at 70 clock lastnight ~ Mot hanh ding lip di lop Iai dem dn sy phign ha cho nguti ndi, Adv: always, usually, continually, constantly Ex: He was always ringing me up = Hanh d6ng dang tip din trong qua Khir thi mot hanh dBng kha xay ra Ex: While [was eating, John arrived. - Hai hoge niu han d6ng xiy ra cng tho trong qui khit Ex: My father was reading w le my mother was Page 2SEALE PRESENT PERFECT: z EE SIMPLE PAST ‘Clu tgo Clu wo | (4)S + have / has +V(3) (4) $+ V-ed of VQ2) (OS + have /has + not + V(3) © S+éidnt+V )) Have / Has +S +3)? _|@) Did+S+V? ‘Cach diing: dign dat ‘Cich ding: dign dat (so sénh voi Present Perfect) ~ Hanh dng xiy a trong qué khir ma thoi gian khng_| - Mot hanh dng d& hodn tit rong qua kG vi tho xac dinh (khéc Past Simple ). Adv: already, before, | gian xée djnh, Advs of time: yesterd several times, (nof)..yet last month, last year, lest .., in 19 Ex: I've been to Paris. this morning ths afternoon (hi mbt phat I've already had breakfast gian di qua trong ngiy) 've seen this film before. Ex: [went to Paris last year. | - Hanh dng trong qué khir va vn cd tigp tye & hién Thad breakfast this morning, tai. 1 saw this film yesterday. Adv: since + thai diém for + khodng thit gian so far= by far= up to now = up tothe present = until now = till now = cho dén biy git this week, this month, this year | Ex Tvelived here for 6 years since 1979 ‘She's worked very hard this week. = Hanh déng vita méi xy ra gin dy. Adh recently, ately Ex. I've just met her atthe bus stop. ~ Mot inh ng da xiy ra trong qua khit ma két qui cia né cdn 6 higa ti Ex: Toms has had a car crash. He isin hospital now. = M@t kinh nghigm cé ahan. Adv: ever, never Bx: Have you ever seen this flm? | Thave never seen this fl. % Present Perfect edn dure ding sau cic efu trie: + So sinh nhlt (chia & Simple Present) Ex It's the most beautfl city 've ever visited — + Cic cymn ti “the first time, the second time,..." | (chia @ Simple Present) Ex This isthe frst time I've ever vised such a just, | seausfl city % M@tsb chu trie ding d¥ chuyn d8i chu gia Present Perfect va Simple Past 1. Sthavelhas+V3+for../since... <2 S + begawstarted + to V/ V-ingé thoi gian qué khir | Eg: He has worked for this factory fora year. ¢ He began working for ths factory a year ago | | He has worked for this factory since last year. © He began working for this factory las! year | He has worked for his factory since he left school. © He began working for this factory when he left school. 2. $+ haven'thasn’t + V3 + for... / since... © The last time +S + V(past) + was + thoi gian qué khir | Eg. Thaven't heard from him for 2 months. 6 The last time Iheard from him was 2 months ago | 1 havven’t heard from him since August. © The las time I heard from him was in August | 3. S+haven'thasn't + V3 + for... /since... € § + last + V(past) + thoi gian qua kh | Eg. haven't heard from him for 2 months. € I last heard from him 2 months ago | Thaven't heard from him since August. € Vast heard from him in August haven't heard from him since [left there, ¢ J last heard from him when I left there. | 4. S+have/has + V3 + for... It’s + thoi gian + since + S + started/began + to V/ V-iag £g: I've worked for this company for a long time. ¢? It's along time since | started to work for this company S+haven't/ hasn't + V3 + for. It's + thoi gian + since + 8+ last +V(past) Eg. Thaven t seen him for a month. 2 It's a month since | last saw him |S. S+haven'uhasn’'t+ V3 +... +before _ I Thisis + the first time + $+ haverhas + V3 Eg thai ad this book before. © This isthe first time I have read this book Page 3Clu tao (1)$ + have / has + V3) (0 S + have / has + not + V(3) (Q) Have / Has +S + VG)? GS + have /has + been + V-ing ( S +have /has + not + been + V-ing (2) Have / Has + S + been + V-ing? ‘Céich ding: (Ci hai thi déu didn dat mot hanh d6ng bit du trong qua dt. Trong nhiéu trutng hgp, six dung c& 2 thi déu ding. Ex: Ihave lived here since 1990/ I've been living her Khie bigt: = hn manh két qué cia hanh dng hodec sy hoan tit cea hanh dong Ex: I've written 5 leters T've done my homework I've washed my car. ‘hit va vin con tiép tuc 6 hién tai hogc via méi hoan since 1990, Khde bigt: - Nhdn manh sy kéo dai lin tye cla hanh dong Ex: ['ve been writing for an how. T've been doing my homework I've been washing my car [chutgo | (4) $+ had+ V(3) | () S +had not +V(3) ()Had + $+ VG)? (H)S + had + been + V-ing (-) Shad not +been + V-ing (2) Had +S + been + V-ing ? ‘Cich ding: difn dat - Hanh dng xdy ra truée | thoi diém hog truée | Ranh | dng khéc trong qué khir Ex: When we came (o the station, the train had left. Thad gone to bed before 9 o'clock last night After he had finished his homework, he went to bed d his homework ‘Caich diing: gidng thi Past Perfect nhimg nhin manh tink lign tye eda hanh déng Ex: She was tired because he had been jogeing for 3 hours. They had been living in Hue before they moved to HCM City (+)S + will + bare infinitive Eg: I'll be away some days (2 S+ will not (= won't) + bare infinitive ‘Eg: We won't work overtime next week (2) Will +S + bare infinitive ? |___Eg Will hey be here next week? Cich ding: dign dat = Su vige, hnh d6ng sé xay ra trong twong lai thuéng | ding kém véi adv of time tron tong lai: tomorrow, CW Wh ~ Hanh dong hodc trang | - Di thi s2 xay ra trong tuong | gin twong lai (cia e@ nha {ai, khOng 66 du dink Eg: - What have you | Eg: Maryis getting Eg: The next train trudge khi a6 decided to dofor your | married next month. leaves at 7.00pm. Eg: Wait a minute, ['ll | Christmas vacation? | open the door for you = Yes, Lam going Di hic | 10 visit New York City chin = Dy bao cho tuong lei Eg: [think ie llrain | gin @beosd) | tonight Eg: The sky has black clouds. It’s going to rain. + Cau tric nay khong | ding véi dong tir “go, | come” LL ‘SIMPLE FUTURE "~ =e ‘FUTURE CONTINEOD: Chu go: Cu t90: (+)S + will + be + V-ing Eg: Mary will be walking all day tomorrow. (©) S+ will not + be + V-ing Eg: He will not be studying at this time tomorrow. (2) Will +S + be + V-ing? Eg: Will you be waiting for me when I come? ‘Cich dimng: dign dat Sy vige /hanh dng s€ dang cign ra tai mot thei xc dinh trong tuong lai. Adv di kem thio la: at this time + thar gian twong la[Eg My son will enter university next year Eg: What will you be doing at 0 Clock tomorrow |- Lethe morning? ~ Iwill be preparing for my coming exam Eg: Don't worry Iwill help you | - Loi de dga | Eg Iwil send you ow i you keep talking. | Loi a nghi |, Ee filvowhlpme with is pleae? = Lai mb | Bg: Shall we have dinner out tonight? | = Dydoin | | Eg I thinkeverything will be all right |- sims Eg: - It’s 20 dollars. ~ OK. I'l buy it | Lu 9: Khéng sir dung thi tong lai trong ede ménh | 42 trang ngot chi thai gian bat ddu véi before, after, when, as soon as, tl, es URU ESSEC a eEUTURE ta Clu tao: | (4) S+will+have + V3 |) Swill + have been + V-ing (2) $+will not + have + V3 | ©) S+ will not + have beent V-ing ()_Will + S + have + V3? __|.@) Will +S + have beent V-ing? | Cich ding: ‘Céch ding: gidng thi wrong lai hol think, ahung | - Dign dat mgt sy vige hode hinh dong sé hodn thanh | thuimg duge ding &@ nhdn mgnh tinh lin tye cia true mt thoi diém xéc djnh trong tuong lai thing | hah dng 4i vi cum tir by the time + thai gian twomgai, | Eg’ They will have been living in thot town for 10 before + sy vige trong tuong Iai | years by next October Eg: We will have finished the game by 6 o'clock | - Din dat mot sy vige hoge hanh dng s€hodnthih | trade mot sy vige khée trong tuong lai | __ Eg: Mary will have walked to school before you | Liinish your breabfast eens Page 5PASSIVE FORM Chu trac bj dong co” => am/is/ are am /is/ are + being was /were > was / were + being => have/ has + been > had + been > will + be > will be + being => will + have been ‘Simple Present Present Continuous ple Past Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Simple Future Future Continuous Future perfect Be going to > be going to+ be Modal verbs => modal verb + be Lau iz 1. Béng tir “to be” trong cu bi dng phii thich hop voi thi (tense) chu bi dong 2, Cée chai tir, we, you, they, he, she, one, everyone, somebody, 6 di trong cau bi dong Trang tir chi nai chin + BY (ager. ) + Trang tt chi Eg. The vase was put on the table by Peter yesterday. Trang tir chi thé cach thuimg ding gita BE va Past participle Eg: The housework has been carefully done. gian + past pantciple cela cfu chi dng va phi hop v6i chi tit people trong céu chi dng thutmg dug MOT SO CAU TRUC B] DONG DAC BIET 1, Ding tir véi 2 object: Ca hai object déu c6 thé kam subject gui thueng dtzoe sit dng hon. Eg: My mother gave me some money => I was given some money by my mother Some money was given to me by my mother. 2. Dong tit “make, let, allow, advise”: ‘be + made / let allowed / advised + to V Eg: They did't allow him to smoke in this room. => He wasn't allowed to smoke in this room. 43. Déng tir chi gide quan: (Verbs of perception: see, Passive: Took, hear, notice, taste, trong cfu bi dng. Tuy nhign objéct chi 'S + be + past part. + to infinitive / V-ing Eg. We saw her go/ going ou of the house «> She was seen to go / going oul of the house 4, Dong tir chi cim aie: (like, love, hate, wish, prefer, hope, ‘Active: S+ V+ 0+ to infin Passive S+V +0 + to be + past part. need, want, require...) Eg: He wanted someone to take some photos ‘He wanted some photos to be taken Pageé5. Dong tir chi ¥ kign: (say, think, believe, report, ..) S+V-+ (that) Clause ($2 + V2 +02...) It+ be + past part. + (that) Clause S2 + be + past part + to infinitive /to have + pp Eg: People say (that) Jokn i nce. > Wis said (that) John is nice ~ = Jobers said be nice. - mt orn Luu: Hinh dng cia mab dé “that” xdy ra trude thi dig perfect infinitive (to have + past part) Eg: They report that three men escaped from the prison lastnight. Three men are reported to have escaped from the prison lastnight. (Causative For: SF Fave + sb + do sth S+ get +sb+todosth S + have / get + sth + done (Past part) Fg Iwill have some workers repair the roof, I will get some workers to repair the roof, => Iwill have /get the roof repaired by the workers ‘1. Cu ménh inh ( Imperative sentences) V+ Object ! => Let + Object + be + V3! Eg: Write your name here! > Let your name be written here! Page?1. Céch than Igp so nhiéu NOUNS Tring hop Nguyén te Vidy Truong hgp chung cho hau hét | thém“s" 6 cudi ~ Y bays, hats i | che danh tr fe Danh tir tn cing bing "s, sh, | thém “es 3 cur aishes, churches, boxes ch, x2" Danh wr tdn cing bing "ying | BS sau mot phy am y them" Tadies, stories Danh tir tan cing bing“? / fe” = Danh ti tin ciing bing“? hod “fe” thin “ves” | wives, thieves = Chi thems roofs, proofs dimg sau" i = C6 mot s6 danh tir tan cing. scarfs/ scarves, dwarfuddwarves bing “P” c6 2 hinh tire 36 nhidu See) ~Danh fi tin cing bing "o” sau | -thém "es Tomatoes potatoes, heroes | mot phy am : | Danh tir tan cing bing “o” sau_| - Chi them s radios, pianos mt nguyén &m, hose ti: muon cia nude ngoai 1. DBi nguyén im @ 5 aida: man —>men woman -» women tooth >» teeth foot > feet mouse —» mice goose —> geese ; — 2, Thém “en” 36 nhieu: | ld > children ox oxen | 3. Khong thay di hinh thite & 36 nbigu sheep, deer, fish, swine, craft means, works, series, species, barracks 4. Tir magn: formula -» formulae alumna —»alumnae ‘focus —» foci alumnus alumni curriculum —»curricula medium —»media datum —» data criterion criteria phenomenon —» phenomena basis bases crisis crises 'S. Hai hinh thire sO mbidu voi 2 nghia khdc nau: cloth —*cloths (vai véc): clothes (quan do) brother —» brothers (anh em): brethren (déng d6i, dng nghiép) 6, Hinh thife sO it, nghla 30 nhitu: army police, cattle, government, team, family 7. Hinh thife sO nhieu, nghia $6 it | news, means, measles, mumps, the United States, mathematic, | physics. i Page 8VERBS ‘Transitive verbs Tntransitive verbs Linking verbs T. Dba tuba cla mgt Object | Ding i thdng cin Objet theo theo sau né, do 46 ding dupe | sa, do 45 king ding dang 4 dang passive panive Eg: The referee blows the whistle. vO => The whisle is Blown by the referee Eg: We walked across the field | Heese ay 2. Transitive verbs c6 thé c6 2 object, suy raed 2 céch dBi cau | passive Eg: My friend gave me o postcard ¥ Ol O2 => Iwas given a postcard ‘A postcard was given to me by my friend. 3. Transitive verb o6 thé cb tir | lm bé nett cho object cia né Eg: We all shoughe him clever. ‘They elected him present. ‘Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive Eg: Because of blood sugar problems, Rosa always eats before leaving for school. (intransitive verb) Ifthere is no leftover pizza, Rosa usually eats cereal. (transitive verb) ‘hing dng tir khong dign mit y nghfa gi rO rét va cdn phai 6 nhimg tir ke b& nghia cho | Ptinking Verbs MOt sé linking verb thutmg. duge sit dung: | -ve=thiviaa become = tré thanh: | earn ha a | - seem = dutmg nhu “ippear= tv ahe “Took = tring o6 ve “eel = elt | sound = nghe co vé Thmell = ngl b a = taste = ném cé vj Eg She lok ice Inher neds. | Page 9SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT (SY HOP NHAT GIU'A CHU TU & DONG TU) iz SUBECT VERB ‘EXAMPLE S(sdit) V (sb it) Tom is very nice. S (dank tis khng dém duge) Milk is good for our health S(sB nhiéu ) Vigé nhibu) | The Browns live in a very nice howse, Sland S2 'V(s6 nhidu) | The manager and the secretary have come. Every Each +5 (1) V8 1) Every student has their own work Everyone/ Everything ‘Nobody is here. Someone/ Something ‘Anyone/ Anything V(s6i) Nobody / Nothing | : ‘ aeae| with The students as well as the ieacher are working in along with this room. SI together with S2 Vitheo St) | The teacher as well asthe students is working in this in addition to room as well as accompanied by _ Either of | +N (sO nhiéu) Viebin Neither of my sisters Tikes fms | Neither of | : EEE eeaca SI or S2 | You or she & always using the office telephone | Either SI or s2 | | Not only Julie but also her friends want to visit the | Neither Si nor S2 Vi(theo $2) | museum Notonly S1_butalso S2 | The number of = N (s6 ahigu) | V5 i) The numberof student in my class i 30 ‘A number of +N (56 nhigu) | V(sO anid) A number of my students like learning biology T ‘One third (1/3) of the population is unemployed. Some | | One third (1/3) of the villagers are unemployed. Plenty None F +N (s6 it) V(s6it) | Half Niebnhituye> | V(s6 nhituy | Most | | Alot | | | Percentage! fiecseaa ee d| “family, team, staff... (shemgt | Visb i) Gur company has discussed these questions Carefully don vi) ‘family, team, staff... (chi ting My family live in London. cd nhdn tao nén tip V (sb nhiéu) e iii People / Police The police are searching fo find the thieves Cattle (gi sic) ‘Poultry (gia cdm) | The+ adj Visnhidyy | Z Nows dang ote ahog wha | Mathematics is divided into branches bit: maths, physics, economics, | politics, measles (bénh séi), rickets (bénh_| V (s8 it) ci xuomg), | | | - the Philipines, the United States | | | news (tin ide) | _ Time Ten dollars is a high price to pa Money | Five years is along time Distance (khoang céch) V(s5 it) Measurement (do lvorg) | Titles (1a 48)ING / INFINITIVE ee L ~ VERB + TO INFINITIVE ‘alford = ob di (tign, thoi gian) | allow = cho phép agree = consent = ding y advise = khuyén appear = seem = durimg nu, c6 ve appreciate = danh gid cao arrange = sip xép | avoid = trénh aim = hudng dén, muén | nish = hoan thank ask = demand = yeu ciu | xem xét attempt 6 gang | delay = postpone = hod lai beg = nan ri, van xin | deny = phi nhin truba, mong uée | imagine = wing twang, | keep = tip ye tip tye stop = ngung, bd mention = 68 cfp | mind = ldy lim phién, bin tam | miss = nhé | practise = luyén tap recall = remember | recollect abo, hb twéng ) | report = bo céo recommend = suggest = 48 nigh resist = khéng cy, cut lai | risk = lidu finh | can't help = khdng thé khéng can't bear = can’t stand = hate = KO chiu dmg n6i Iris no use = there is no point = khéng ich g | fel ike = mubn Itis worth = ding, b8 cng Itis worthless = khdng ding have difficulty = php khé khin be busy = ban ron be used to = quen vi look forward to = mong chi Notes 1, Dang pha djnh: | _Verb + not V-ing Ex: When I'm on holiday, Tenfay nov hangto get up | ary | 2. Vek mgt s6 dgng tr 6 thé ding cfu tric: |LYets O-viee (stop, keep, imagine, catch, discover) Ex: You can't stop me doing what ! want 3. Sau gidi tirlubn ludn lb V-ing Ex: He's fond of reading permit ve Feommens | Bx: He doesn't allow parking in front of his house allow advise choose chon decide = determine = quyét din deserve = ding duge thuong happen = tinh o, ngiu nin hesitate = do dy | hope = hy vong | path = mong abe | need = can want = muba ‘would like vould love Mmoud prefer | manage E nghi, dé xudt ké hogch chudin bi tend = c6 khuynh huéng | threaten = de doa 1 | Ex: [promised not to be late | 2. DGng tir help:{ help sb (to) do sth Ex Can you help me to move this table? "an you help me move this table? advise permit recommend | Ex: He doesn tallow people 10 park in front of his house. J oes —_ Page 11VERB + 0+ BARE INFINITIVE VERB + 0 + TO INFINITIVE make = Tim cho let= i cho Ex: Hot weather makes me feel tired ‘want /would like /would prefer = muén mean /intend = dy din advise = Khuyén nhi persuade convince = thydt pk Her parents won't let her go out alone encourage = Khuyén khich urge = thic give have = nbd vi, yéu chu i tell = bdo Ex: J have my brother repair my bike (active) force = bit bube Thave my bike repaired. (passive) allow = permit = cho phy expect = mong dgi remind = nic nh war = cénh béo challenge =thich thie beg = nai i, van xin invit train = hudn luyén teach = instruct = day appreciate = dnh gié cao assume = thir nhin enable = lam cho ... c6 thé ién cho, pay ra help = gidp da ho va, yéu lead = din dit quan sit, theo do ‘Verb + V-ing/ to inf (nghia khong thay a ‘Verb + Ving fo inf (aghta thay Bi) begin = star continue intend = dy dinh bother = lam phién | fove prefer hate Ex: He intends buying a house i to buy a house | Note: Khéng diing “V-ing” sau “V-ing” | Ex: t's starting 0 rain | (khéng vide t's starcing raining) V+O+ infi/ V+ 0+ V-ing wey | watch hear listen feel notice smell find J | Ex: I saw him fal of the wall He heard the girl sing. | see | waten ) hear | r notice | smell | fing | | Ex: saw him watking along the sireet. j | __ Listen to the birds singing: | Note: Bai khi khing c6 su khade bigt gia 2cdu tric, | do do dung cdu tric ndo cing dugc Ex: I've never seen her dance = I've never seenher | | dancing + 0+ inf (hah ng dn tt) +0 + V-ing (hanh ding dang xéy ra) TTike + V-ing = enjoy + V-ing (so thich Iau dai) Ex: [like cleaning the kitchen. = J enjoy it like + to inf ( thich tam vi didu 46 t6t) Ex: [ike to clean the kitchen as often as possible. 2. stop + V-ing = ngung lam .. Ex: Everybody stopped talking. There was silence. stop + to inf = ngumg dé lam Ex: He was writing. Mary came in, so he stopped to tal with her 3.try + V-ing = thir Ex. ried eating this soup and found it delicious try + to inf= attempt = cb ging Ex: [tried to remember where I lei my jacket 4, need + to inf = can lim Ex: Ineed to take more exercise. (sth) need + V-ing = cia durge..(nghia bj &ng) Ex: The room needs cleaning. 5. mean + V-ing = ¢6 nghta la Ex: When I change schools, it will mean leaving the hot 20 minutes earlier. imean + to inf = dy djnh = intend Ex: Sorry, I didn't mean to scare you 6. regret + V-ing = tie I 4 Lim... Ex: I really regret leaving school so young. regret + to inf ( to say/ to tell/ to inform) = tiée.. Ex: I regret to say that the job has been filled 7. remember + V-ing = nhé di lam ( lim rdi nh6 Ig) Ex: remember locking the door before going to bed. remember + to inf= nhé lam... ( ah6 ri mét lag Ex: Please remember to lock the door 8. forget + V-ing Ex: [forget copying the letter and now I copy it again. forget ~ to inf= quén fam. Ex: Sorry, [forgot to copy this handout I'l doit now. 9, go on + V-ing = tiép tc (hanh Gong 4a lam true 46 Ex: She went on talking about herself go on + to inf = tiép tye (chuyém sang hanh dng khé x9 mo talk about her other problems Page 12ADJECTIVES Adjective order : 1. Trong m6t cym danh ti, c6 thé sit dung hai hoc nhigu tinh ti: Ex: Tom lives ina nice new house, chicdm nghi chi tinh chdt In the kitchen there was a large round wopden table chicdm nght ot ek chit Adjcimnght | [adjunnenit ] [annie | 2. Cé khi cé hai hoe nhidu tinh tir miéu td. Ching ta thutmg dt ching theo thir ty sau: kkich tudi inh, chat DANH thyde || td || ding feo |) ror Ex aall young man big biue eyes a small black plastic bog «a large wooden table an old Russian song «an old white cotton shirt Tin tir chi kich thude vi chidu dai (big / small /tal / short/long... thuémg dmg trude tinh ti chi inh dang vi bring (round / fat / thin / slim / wide ..) Ex: large round table 2 tall thin girl along narrow street Page 13ADVERBS Phin ogi Vidy_ Ly [Trang tir chi ech thire (Advs oF He works carefully Mt sO adv cing hinh thie vi adj: manner) She sings beautifully hard (adj, adv) cham chi adj + ly + hardly (adv) = hd nur khong = fast (adj, adv) = nha + early (adj, adv) = sém + late (adj, adv) = td # lately (adv) = gn 48 2, Trang tu chi thoi gian (Advs of time): then, now, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, | immediately, Can you do it now? 3. Trang tir chi noi chén (Advs of place): along, around, somewhere, here, there, ‘She came here a fow mites 960 14. Trang tirchi sy thuémg xuyén (Advs | He always «does his work Cac trang tir ndy dimg trude dong of frequency): always, often, usually, | well tirthutimg, dimg sau dong tit TO sometimes, seldom, never, BE 3. Trang tu chi muc d6( Advs of degree): too, very, nearly, absolutely, extremely. terribly... Tim very pleased with your success. 6. Trang tir nghi van (Interrogative advs): ding 4€ mé dau cau hdi Where, when, how, why Why did you say that? Page 14COMPARISON (SO SANH) 1, So sémh bing: as +adj/ady+as notep adj /adv + as Eg: He is as tall as his father His job is not so diffeult as mine * bang nhau, nhu nhau” c6 thé dupe dién dat eéch khéc the 1¢ + (Noun) + as Eg’ Tom is as old as Mary = Tom and Mary are the same age My house is as high as his. = My house is the same height as his. 2. So sénh nhigu hon / it hon [Short adj 7adv adj/adv+ER+d Long adj/adv ‘more | + adji adv + than less Ey: Today is hotter than yesterday, This chair is more comfortable than the other He run faster than me. He speaks English mare quickly than his brother. ~ Dé nbn manh: thém “much” 2 it” hoge “far” trade so sénh hon Ee: His waich is muchifar more expensive than mine He speaks English muchifar more rapidly thon Ido Néu 62 tinh titi tne ngn dg tube tnt di Eg: My car is faster and more confortable than hers ~ So sinh v6i damh tir: a: Ihave more book sthan Peter does. Eg: My house is twice as big as his howe = My house is pwice bigger than his house 3. So sinh mbit: Short ad] thes adja EST] Long adj/adv | the most +adj/adv Lo theleast+adj/adv ie t Boy in my family. the least expensive of all eH Page 15,Luuy: - Di véi adjty Eg: happy => happier, the happiest; dry => drier, the driest Déivéiadjted —— Eg: tired => more tired, the most tired + Di véi adv tin cizng “ly”: ding more + adv va the most + adv Eg: Can you walk more slowly? J walk the most slowly Ngoai lg: Hinh thite so sinh bat qui tie: ‘ood / well better the best bad/badly => worse the worst many/much => more => the most lise => less the least far => fanherifurther the farthest (distance) the furthest (degree / level) quiet => quieter => the quietest clever the cleverest narrow => the narrowest shallow => the shallowest simple => simpler = the simplest old => older = the oldest (things/people) > elder the eldest (only people in a family) 4. So sdnh kép: % So sinh dbng tién: (cing... cing .) The + comparative + SV, the + comparative + $-V. Eg: The hotter its, the more miserable I feel The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive. [The more + $V, the comparative + SV Eg: The more you study, the smarter you will become, % So sinh idy tién: (cag ngay cing) adj/adv+ER and adj/adv+ER more and more+ adj/adv Eg’ The river gets bigger and bigger She becomes more and more beautiful Page 16WORD ORDER (Trit ty ti) ADS ‘ADV v | Tag FN TStadveVIVeadv—)-5-V ~ Linking V + Adj -S+V+(O)+ady -S-V-adv (be, gt, seem, appear, feel, taste, | -be + adv + V3 -S-V-O-adv look, smell, become) adv + adj ~keepimake +0 + ad fe Ady, S-V ~ find iv sth + adj = V +100 + adv + todo sth ~ Linking V + too + adj +10 do sth so +adv+ that + Linking V + adj + enough = Vt adv + enogh thesethose - Linking V + so + adj + that | cachlevery/both | +N | -V+astadvtas much/many/some Liknging V ~ as + adj + as tayimest = V+ more + adv + than | afewalinie J - Linking V + more+ adj +than | | | ~ How +adv + $V! | gigi a+ It's +adj + that C1 | ~ enough +N | -How +adj+S-Linkingv! | Page 17MODAL VERBS CAN CANNOT = ___ COULD = COULDN'T, ~ Kha ning & hin i ~ Kha nang & qua kh | Bg team ride a horse. Eg: Nancy could ski by he age of 10 ~ Kha ning cé thé xay ra hod dy doén = Kha ning c6 thé xAy ra hoc dy dodn (khéng chic | Bg: Any child can grow up to be a famous person chin bing CAN) Eg: This new drug could be an important step in the ‘Sight against cancer = Sy xin phép va cho phép | = Su-xin phép (COULD 18 phép va trinh trong hon). ~~ Eg: All of youcan't stay out after 10 pm Khéng ding COULD éé dign det su cho phép | Bg: Could I use your computer?- Yes of course you can. « Lai yéu cu, dé nghi, goi y = Loi yéu cu, 4& ngi, agi ¥ lich sw Eg: Can you give me a hand? Eg: Could you open the door, please? MAY/MIGHT - MAYN'T/MIGHTNT | Kha nln o6 thé xiy ra hote dy Goan (MIGHT it chic) chin, it khdng dinh hom MAY) Eg: There may/might be other problems that we don’t now about. = Sy xin phép ( trang trong va Ié phép hon CAN/COULD) - Su-cho phép Eg: May / Might I put the TV on? ~ Yes, ofcourse you may. = MAY: Idi cdy chile trang trong. Eg: May God Bless you WILL - WON'T I ‘WOULD= WOULDN'T ~ Lai dE nghi: Will you help me with this, please? | - Ebi yéu edu, 48 nghj (lich sy hon WILL) ~ Lai ha: Don't worry, I'l help you Eg: Would you pay me in cash, please? - Li de doa: '! send you out ifyou keep talking = Théi quen trong qué khie | = Dudosn: J chink everything will be all right Eg: When we were children, we would go. skiing every winter SHALL | ‘SHOULD z TBI aE rghi: Shall Fearry it for you? Tai Khuen | = Loi goi ¥:Shall we go fora walk? | Ee You should not do so ‘OUGHT TO - OUGHTN'T TO SHOULD -SHOULDN'T <<] ~TLBi Khuyés, sy bit buge [manh hon SHOULD, Khong | - Sy bit Bube (khéng marh bing OUGHT TO, MUST) bing MUST) | Eg: You should study harder. | Eg: You ought to.be more careful ‘Sie mong di | - Sumong é¢i | Eg He shouldbe home by 70’slock Ex: He ought to be home by 7 o'clock ‘MUST - MUSTN'T. HAVE TO- DON'T HAVE TO. [- Swedn thidt, sw bit bude (¢én tir cam xle va sy mong |= HAVE TO: Sy bit bude ( cua qui dinh, lust @) ‘wc cia nguiti ni) (manh hon SHOULD! OUGHT TO) | Eg: Students have to wear wniforms at school. Eg: All candidates must answer 10 questions. = DON’T HAVE TO (= don't need): sy khéng cdin thiét - Li khuyén, 161 yéu edu duge nhén menh Eg: Today is Sunday, so I don't have to goto, Eg: I's areally interesting film, You must see it | school = Sy dy doan, suy Iudn hop ly, che chin | Eg: Harry has been driving all day. He must be tired. | + MUSTN'T : sur cim dodn, khong duge ohép Eg. Cars mustn't park in front of the entrance NEED - NEEDN'T [Sein thitt sw bit bute Eg isnot cold You needn Take your coat Page 18HAD BETTER — HAD BETTER NOT. WOULD RATHER - WOULD RATHER NOT ~ Loi Khuyén: = Muon... hon... Eg: You had better take your umbrella with you $+ would rather (not) + V (than V) today, | Ee: J would rather stay at home (than go out) + Lai cénh bio | S+ would rather (that) +S + V (s.past/past perf) Eg: You had better work harder or you will be Eg: Iwould rather you went home now. sacked ET PRUSETO+ Vin BE USED TO Thai quen trong qua khir bay gid khéng cin nia Be used to + V-ing = quen vei Eg: He wsed to live here. Eg: My mother is used to geting up early. SOE (iotjseBe + Ving Modal (not)+ have + V3. ~ Dy dan si vige €6 thé BANG (hose king ds ~ Dy doin sy vige DX (hoe 48 khing) xdy ra wong qu | raohign tai wht | Eg: it's 9 am He must be working. (Chae chin) 4 musthave V3 = chic chin d& Jol mayimight be playing football at his schoo! but !| can’t have V3 = khng thé ndo €& 4am not sure. Rhéng chic) ought to have V3 = chdc lad | % could (not) have V3 = cb thé d8 4 may (not) / might (not) have V3 = c6 le dd | should have V3 = Ié ra da, déng ly ra d& (ahung | a khdng lam) ‘needn't have V3 = lé ra dl khdng cin (nhung da lam) Eg: Peter failed the exam again. He must have been | very sad. John cannot have been atthe party last night. ! am ‘Sure that he has gone to London for 3 days, The house was clean, My mother ought to have tidied i Kha ning [Dy doin | Xin phép [Cho phép | DE nghj Khuyéo [Bit Bube Can Must | May May ‘Would Must Must Could | Can Could | Can will Ought io | Haveto | May Could | Can Could fiyou) | Should Ought ro Might May = | Can Hadbener [Need | Might Shall (Wwe) Should Ee | wii L Page 19.IF CLAUSES Type TFClause Main Clause Kidu L C6 th§t hofe c6 Simple Present Simple Present thé xay ra trong twong Simple Future (Will + V) ti Modal Verbs +V __| ar/may/mighvmust/have to/should/ought to) Simple Past Would (Be Were) Could Verb Might ; iz _ | Kidu TIL Khéng co that | Past Perfect, Would > trong qua khir (had + past par.) Could} + have + past part | Might Luu y 1. Real condition (If kiéw 1 1. Ding S. Present trong ménh dé chinh dé dign dat mét sy thét hién nhién, m§t qui lugt hogc mGt thdi quen Eg: Ifwe heat ice, it turns into water 2. Ding Present Continuous trong ménh 48 If dé din ta sy tiép din cia han d6ng Eg: Ifthe baby is sleeping, don't make noise. 3. Dang Present Perfect trong ménh dé If d8 din ta sy hodn tt Eg: If you have finished your work you can go home 4, Ding “should” dé din td dieu gi d6 cb thé xdy ra Eg: Ifyou should ever go to Colombia, visit the Museum of Gold in Bogota U. Két hi Eg John drank so much lat nigh, so he fels sick now. Gidw kign qui kh két qua hign tgi => If John hadn't drank so much lastnight, he wouldn't fel sick now. If Clause kiéw 3 Main Clause kiéu 2 ich ndi t@ nb Egl- Ifyou (should) do morning exercises, your health will be better => Should you do morning exercises, your health will be better. Eg2: I'l tell you if find it => 'lltell you should 1 find it 2. Conditional kiéu 2: Egl: [fl found a wallet in the street, would take it 10 the police. = Did I find a wallet in the street, I would take it to the police. Eg2: [flwerea bird I would be a white pigeon = Were 1 a bird, I would be a white pigeon 3. Conditional kiéu 3: Eg If thad known your telephone number, J would have phoned you = Had I known your telephone number, I would have phoned you [Ethadn‘Lrealised what you intended, I would have refused to doit = Had I not realised what you intended, | would have refused 10 do it. - Page 20hing cich khéc 1. Unless = If... not Eg Wit doesn't rain, we'll go ona pienic. = Unless it rains, 2.Or/ otherwise = If not Eg: Hurry up oF you lt be late. Hurry wp, otherwise you'l be late = Hurry wp: ifnot,you'l be late = Ifyou don't hurry, you'l be ate 3. Gust) in ease = trong trubng hep Eg: You should take an umbrella in case it rains. 4. Suppose / supposing (that) = gia si ‘Bx: Supposing that you had been that gir, what would you have done in that situation? ‘5S, Provided / Providing (that) = mién la ‘On condition that = v6i didu kign ba ‘So long as/ As long as = min la Eg: Provided that you fill up the car with petrol 'llit to you Lil give you a day off on condition that you work on Saturday, Iwon't care who you are as long as you love me. §, Without /But for + Noun/V-ing = If+ it + not be + for + Noun = néu khéng nhd, néu khéng vi (thutng ding 6 edu didu kién Tosi 2 va 3) Eg: 'you hadn't helped us, we wouldn't have finished our math homework = Had you not helped us, = ifit hadn't been for your help, Had it not been for your help. = But for your help, Page 21WISH - IF ONLY (Uée gi / Phai chi...) 1. Future Wish : Uée cho twong lai [Si + wish| + $2 + would / could +V Itonly Eg: Iwish we would not have an exam tomorrow. Iomly it would stop raining. : 2. Present Wish: Uée cho hign tai (diéu khong thé xy ra & hign tgi) TF wish] + 8+ V (past simple) Ifonly | S+were Eg: Iwish I were rich. ( But lam poor now.) Yfonly | knew her name. (But I don't know her name) 3. Past Wish: Use cho qua khit (didu khOng thé xy ra trong qué khit) S+wish|+S+ had + V3 ttonly | ‘Eg. Twish Thad come to her party lastnight ( But I didn't come) only [hadn't broken the flower vase. (But I broke it) Luu y céu trac-[ wish sb sth (clu chic Eg: We wish you a Merry Christmas. AS IF / AS THOUGH (nhu thé la) Diing a8 diém dgt du khong c6 thét hode trai véi thy t& 1. Didw khéng cé that & higa ta: 2. Didu khéng c6 thét & qua khie WOULD RATHER (mong mudn la) would rather = ‘d rather 1. Mong mun &twong lai: 'S + would rather (that) + S + (not) + V(bs Eg. I would rather (that) he take this train Se amar Page 22We would rather (that) she be here tomorrow. I would rather (that) you not call me next Sunday. 2. Mong mudn & hign (9 (tri vi thye 8, khong oé tht) S+would rather (that) + $+ V(past) ( be => were) Eg: I would rather you worked with me today. I would rather he didn’t smoke in this room. I would rather the weather were fine today. 3. Mong mun & qué Khir (trai voi thye t&, khéng c6 thét) $+ would rather (that) +S+V (past perfect) Eg: Roberto would rather we hadn't left yesterday. ‘Would rather con duge ding trong cée cau tric sau: ‘$+ would rather (not) + do sth + than + do sth] = muén lam gi hom lim gi (nghia wong lai /hign tl) Eg [would rather stay at home than go out tonight John would rather go to class tomorrow than today. S+ woul ther (not) + e+ V3-+ (than) | (nghla qué khd) IT'S TIME / IT'S HIGH TIME (4a dén hic) Dig ti that gi Eg: it's 90° clack It's time for my baby 10 g0 10 bed. gt vige nén duge lam ngay & hign t9i Irs yh) time + S + V (past) (b were)] (nhin manh ¥ 43 dén lic ., 48 qua git.) Eg: It's 10 pm. It's (high time) my baby went to bed W's time we reviewed our lesson. Page 23REPORTED SPEECH (CAU TUONG THUAT) MOT SO LUU Y KHI DOI SANG REPORTED SI TRAY DOL VE THE = Néu dng ti tuimg thuat (say, tell.) 6 thi Simple Present, Present Perfect hoe Simple Future => Ikhdng lai thi cde dng tir trong cfu gidm tiép ~ Néu dng tis tuémg thuét 6 thi Simple Past => dng tir trong cu gidn tiép s& durge Iai vé mot thi Direct Speech Reported Speed [Simple Present euler ple Past [Present Continuous __ Past Continuous i Simple Past ast Perfect [Present Perfect ast Perfect rc Past Continuous [Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuo Simple Future [Future in the past (would) | Model verbs can could /be able to must had te of mie | | should should | ought to cought 10 2. THAY DOI TRANG TU: (néu ding te tring thust 6 thi qué kn) [ __ Direct speech - Reported speech ee ] this that | these | those this these, tha those (asad) | the | this, these, that, those (as pronoun) | it they them here | there now/at presenvat the moment | then ago before today that day yesterday | the day before / the previous day yesterday evening | the previous evening the day before yesterday | two days before / earlier two days ago two days before / earlier last week j the previous week /the week before tomorrow | the following day /the next day/the day after next week the following week / the next week /the week after next Sunday | the next Sunday in two weeks ____intwo week's time 3. THAY DOI DAI TU, TINH TU SO HOU Thay 46i dai tir ngbi thir mht (J, we) v2 ngol thir hai (you) cho twromg ing vei ngbi cia nguri mdi va nguti rnghe. Ngoi thr ba khong di Eg.“ [will give you some money, Mary" Tom said. Tom told Mary he would give her some money. NHONG THAY DOI TREN AP DUNG CHO a Loal CAU DUGI DAY Reported Speech with Statements: (Cau tr tid ‘Bong ti tung thudt thuéng 12 say / said that tell / told sb that say 10 sb => tell sb (that) said 10 sb => told sb (that) —_—— Page 24Bg: He said,” 1am living here” => He said (hat) he was living there IL Reporied Speech ues ‘ng ti tung thust ask(ed) / ask(ed) sb wonder(ed) want(ed) to know Luu J: sau khi b6 diu ngode kép va Idi thi, va Subject dimg truvie dng tir chfah 1. Yes-No questions: ding “whether” hodc “if” khi bd du ngo8c kép vi du chim hoi Eg." Are they happy?” => He asked i they were happy. ‘Da you like your job?" => He asked me if liked my job. 2. WH-questions: khéng can ding whether hog if vi da cé tis 4é hoi WH words (what, hwen, where, who, why, how... Eg: " How much money do you need?" => She asked me how much money I needed. ‘Chai i: Trong truimg gp céu try tiép 6 cd edu trn thu lin cs hoi th khi dBi sang edu gin tip, phn ndo ‘dn cbdbi sang phe Eg: "Thave lefi my watch at home. Can you tell me the time?” He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me I could tel him the time LL Reported Speech wit} ra tive ménh lénb gin tidy Sut dung céc ding tir: ask /tell/ order sb (not) to-do sth Eg: " Open the door, please” => He asked me to open the door "Don't go out” => He told them nol to go ou IV. Reported Speech with Exclamatives (Cau cim thin gin tiép) ‘Déng tr tutmg thus: exelaim Eg "What a lovely garden they have!” => He exclaimed what a lovely garden they had * How hot iis!” => He exclaimed how ho it was V. Mixed types (Ci Ki d6i eu hdn hop sang clu gin tiép, tdi theo timg phn, ding dog tr got thigu ring cho timg phn, Egl: Peter sai, "Hi, Mary. How are you? => Peter greeted Mary and asked how she was Eg2; Peter said, “What time is it? I must go now. ‘=> Peter asked what time it was and said that he had t0 go then VL Reported Speech with TO-INFINITIVES M@t s8 dng ti tuimg thudt di theo sau la To-infinitive offer, refuse, agree, promise, advise, tell, ask, threaten, warn, encourage, remind, invite. Eg: "Could you close the window?” John said to Peter => John asked Peter to clase the window “You should not drink too much beer”. his father said => His father advised him not to drink too much beer vi h with Geryad: ‘Mt sé déng tis tuimg thudt di theo sav la Gerund apologize to sb for doing sth = xin I8i.. thank sb for doing sth = cim on... congratulate sb on doing sth = chic mirng. accuse sb of doing sth = két ti. dream of..= think o insist on Admit thu ahd deny = phi ahd suggest™= 48 gh Fa: “Ii was nice of you to help me Thank you very much ". Tom said to you eT Page 25,=> Tom thanked me for helping him. TRUONG HOP DAC BIET Khong ddi thi trong céc truémg hgp sau dit éng tir tuémg thudt & thi qua Khir 1, Dong tir trong clu ndi tryc tip c6 thoi gian xéc dja He said, ” Iwas born in 1993." => He said that he was born in 1993, 2. Chu aid kiga logi 2, 3 Eg: He said" If] were you. I wouldn't come here." He said if he were me, he wouldn't come there 3. Past Subjunctive trong ciu Wish ~ clause Eg: Mary said, "I wish I were a boy" ‘Mary said she wished she were a boy. 4, Trong li néi tr tip e6: could, would, should, might, used to, ought t, would rather, had better Eg: Tom said to me, You had better not contact her" => Tom told me I had better not contact her trye tip didn ta m§t chan ly: Eg: My teacher sid, "The sun rises inthe East” ‘My teacher said the sun rises inthe East. 5. Lai Page 26RELATIVE CLAUSES (MENH DE QUAN HE) 1. Relative Pronouns VHO: chi ngudi (lam Subject trong Relative Cl) The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike, ‘WHOM: chingubi (lim Object trong Relative Cl), | The woman (whom) vou saw yesterday i my aunt thé luge bo WHICH: | - chi vat (lam Subject hoge Object trong Relative Ci). | The Aat is mine | C6 thé luge bs ki im Object This is the book (which) [lke bes | -b8 nghia cho ci ménh dé dimg true They don't tak 10 each other, "THAT: chi ngubi va vit, thay cho WHO, WHOM, | The man that is standing over there is Mr. Pike. WHICH | The woman (that) you saw yesterday is my au. | | The hat that is red is mine. | This isthe book (that) ike best | WHOSE: chi quan hg so hu (cia ngudi va vi), thay The boy whase bleyele was stolen is Tom. | cho tn i s@ ho. WHOSE lun di kém i mgt Noun | John found a cat whose leg was broken | pha sau, | Some of 7 Thave two brothers, both of whom are doctors | Most of fave received ait of liters, most of which come None of }+WHOM/ WHICH fron USA, All of Both of 2. Relative adverbs ‘WHEN: chi thii gian, ding thay cho “avon/in which” | TI never forger the day when 1 met her ie oo ‘on which | WHERE: chi noi chin, ding thay cho “atlon/in which” | Do you lnow the couniry where [ was born? L in which | WHY: chi iy do, dimg sau "the reason™ Please tell me the reason why you are 50 sad. 3. Relative pronoun THAT [TRHONG DUNG: sau diu phiy va gait 2. BAT BUQC DUNG: ~ sau i hop ti ngubi va vt. Ex The people and the cattle that went to the market raised a cloud of dt. + sau tinh so sinh nhit. Ex: Parisi the finest city that he has ever seen ~ sau “the first the second... the lst’ Ex: Mr. Lepeig was the fast man (hat left the office ~ sau “eveybody, evrything, nobody, nothing, al, only..". Ex: ! bought the only English book that they had. 4. Relative Pronouns di kém GiGi tir ~ GiGi e6 tHE Gi kr tue dai quan Pe. Sau gdi, chi ding whom Foke which, Khing duge ding hat Ex. She is the woman about whom | iold you (about The song to which we listened (to) last nigh was interesting + Khi gidi ws la thanh phan cua cum déng ty, thi khéng thé dem gidi ura trade dai tir quan he. Ex: This is the book which Lam looking for Page 275. Def ning Clauses 8 7 Cag chp théng tin cin thi dE xac dinh dant tr ding true. = Noun dig trude Relative Clause chira xée dah, | - Khong ding diu phy 2 ngin céch Relative Clause vai ménh dé chinh. (C6 thé luge bé Relative Pronouns khi né la Object trong Relative Clause Ex: The woman who /that/ @ you talked 10 sterday is my teacher. 6. Relative Clauses dang rit gon thanb eym phan tir hoge to inf Participles (Phin tin) 1g and Non-defining Clauses ‘Non-defining Clauses (mah 48 khOng chn thik) ~Cung ep thém thong tin vé dank 10d duge xéc dinh - Nowa dimg truée Relative Clause la danh tir xte dink. (Danh tir xdc dinh khi la tn ring, hfe di kém v6i this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her,...) - Bat buge dang ddu phiy dé ngin cach Relative — | di més d& chin ~ Khéng duge ding dha sau du phdy - Khong duege luge bd Relative Prono Object trong Relative Clause. Ex: Ms Jane, whom you talked to yesterday, is my teacher. india Prssent Participles Pi ples i The first person that we must see is Mr. | The man who spoke to.John is my | The car which is made in Japan is | Green. brother. | expensive = The frst person to see is Mr. Green. = The man speaking to John ismy | = The car made in Japan is (Ding to infinitive sau “the first, the brother | expensive second, .., the last) | (Relative Clause king & dang bi (Relative Cause dang bi done) | dong) east 7. Cau trie Cleft sentence 4é nbin mgnh: Eg: He gave mea bunch of roses on my birthday. => It was he who/that gave me a bunch of roses on my birthday. Tt was me that he gave a bunch of roses on my birthday. It was a bunch of roses that he gave me on my birthday. It was om my birthday when / that he gave me a bunch of roses Luu ¥ dang cfu c6 2 ménh dé nbu sau: Ex: [need water. |don't need milk => It is water, not milk that I need. Tsaw Hoa, I didn't see Lan. => [t was Hoa, not Lan that I saw. Page 28PARTICIPLES ( PHAN TU) Present participles (Vig) ~ Past participles (V- Nhom ngy § thém vio: and=vi both... and... 4a... va. notonly .., but'also ... = khéng nhimg ... ina con. 25 well as = cng nhir furthermore = hon na : besides = bén canh &6 b tirnay ding nbi ménh dB/edu,e6 du phy dimng phia seu moreover = ngoti ra however = tuy vay 1. 2 trndy ding néi mgnh dé/cdu, nevertheless = sy ahiér +b Nhém ngy § Iya chon hofe dodn chirng: or = hote either... oF...= hode,,. hode. neither. nor...” khong... eUng khong, othersise’= néu khong thi Nhdm ngy y héu quat so = do 48 therefore =dod8 2 Kindy ding consequently = vi vay phay dig phia saw ménh dé/cdu, e6 ddu phiy ding phia saw 2. Liée tr phy thuge (Subordinate conjunction): ding 44 ma diu mot ménh at phy thuge 4 Trong mgnh dé chi thoi gian: when = as (khi) 28 soon as (ngay khi) as long as (16i khi) since (tis khid until /ifl (cho dn khi) while (trong khi) before = by the time = rude khi afer (sau khi) every time (mdi khi once (mgt kh) whenever (bat ci khi néo) 4 Trong mgnh dé chi iy do:_because = since = as = bei v h dé chi myc dich: so that, in order that = dé Trong mi TT Page 30