CHAPTER 1

DATA AND INFORMATION

 Computers process data (input) into information (output).
 Data is a collection of unprocessed items. For example, the
number and video
 Information is processed data to make the data have meaning and
is useful. For example, receipt and cash.

ADVANTAGE OF USING COMPUTER

1. Speed
 Computers can perform billions or trillions of calc per second.
 For example, sending email

2. Reliability
 The electronic components in modern computers so have a low
failure rate

3. Consistency
 Given the same input and process, will produce the same results.
4. Storage
 Computers store huge amounts of data and make this data
available for processing anytime

5. Communication
 Communication is the exchange of data between 2 parties. When
computers are connected to each other they can share data
 CHAPTER 2
What are Output Devices: Printer
 Printer has 2 types there are Ink-Jet Printer and Laser printers.
 Ink-Jet Printer prints text and graphics by liquid ink on a piece of
paper.
 Laser printers print text and graphics in high quality and faster
speeds than ink-jet printers.

Secondary Storage: HARD DRIVE AND SSD

 Hard drive refers collectively to hard disks and SSDs.
 It is a device that stores data, instructions, and information
magnetically.
 An SSD is a flash memory storage device that contains its own
processor to manage its storage.

Secondary Storage: SMART CARDS

 store data on a chip in the card
 For example, ATM card
 CHAPTER 3
Web app
 Application stored on a web server
 Some can be accessed locally offline
 some free, some charge a one-time fee, while others charge
monthly or yearly.

Mobile App
 download from a mobile device’s app store or other location on
the Internet.
 Some free, some charge you a few dollars

Mobile Web App

 Is a web app that is optimized for display in a browser on a mobile
device

Operating Systems Functions: Providing user interface

Graphical User Interface
 Wh a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and
visual images by touching or clicking buttons and other objects to
issue commands
Command-line Interface
  A user types of commands represented by short keywords on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Operating Systems Functions: Managing Memory

 The purpose of memory management is to optimize the use of
computer internal memory and it is RAM
 Hard disk stores data, instructions, and information magnetically.
 OS also controls how many program a user can run at any one
time.

CHAPTER 4
Level of user in the Organization (画表+解释)

Executive management
 responsible for strategic decisions that center on the company’s
overall goals and objectives.
 Such as Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Middle management
  Middle management makes tactical decisions, which are short-
range decisions and plans necessary to meet the stated
objectives.
 Such as Marketing Manager

Operational management
 operational decisions affect the organization for a short period of
time
 Such as Supervises

Non-management employees
 gather information regarding how to assemble and build the
product
 Such as production employee

General Type of Information System

Transaction Processing system (TPS)
 A system that processes and records daily business transactions
 Transaction data such as quantity of product being sold.
 processed transaction data such as invoice and delivery order
Management information system (MIS)
 helps managers understand the day-to-day operations of the
company
 Output of TPS becomes the input to the MIS
 Such as summary and exception report

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)

 help middle and top management make decisions that solve
problems by analyzing data
 Internal data comes from MIS and TPS
 Such as results of analysis on screen and in printed reports

Executive Support System (ESS)

 A system used to assist top-level management like analyzes and
presents information
 Internal data comes from MIS and TPS

CHAPTER 5
BENEFITS TO USE A COMPUTER NETWORK
1. Share Hardware
 Each computer on the network can access the hardware on the
network
 2. Share Software
 Users connected to a network can access software on the network

3. Share Data & Information

 Any authorized user can access data and information stored on a
network

4. Facilitate Communication
 A network allows the employees in an organization to
communicate more easily and efficiently

5. Transfer Funds
 Electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows users connected to a
network to exchange money from one account to another
account

THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS AND INTERNET

Intranets
 It is an internal network of computers belonging to the same
organisation.
 Provide employees restricted access to an organisation’s private
data.
Extranets
 It is formed by connecting an organisation’s Intranet with other
partners’ Internets
 organisations can direct interaction with business partners.

Internet
 A worldwide collection of computer networks that connects
millions of users

Type Users Need User ID

& Password
Internet Anyone NO

Intranet Employees YES

Extranet Business partner YES

Overview of E-Commerce: B2C (Business to Consumer)

 The customer directly interacts with business organization
through a website.
 A customer can view, choose and order the products shown on
the website.
 The website will send a notification to the business organization
and the organization will dispatch the goods to the customer
Overview of E-Commerce: C2G (Citizen to Government)
 electronic transactions online between the individuals and the
public administration.
 provides an easy way to communicate between the consumers
and the government.
 Such as when you pay tax through the government website.

CHAPTER 6

Ethical Issues: Codes of Conduct

 helps determine whether a specification is ethical and unethical
 IT code of conduct focuses on acceptable use of technology.
  For example, technology may not be used to harm other people
and technology may not be used to steal.

Ethical Issues: Green Computing

 Green computing involves reducing the electricity and
environmental waste while using a electronic equipment like
computer
 There are 2 green computer tips are conserve energy and reduce
environmental waste
 For example conserve energy, do not let a computer or device
running overnight
 For example reduce environmental waste, recycle paper and use
recycled paper