1

1 Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a chlorine atom.

Cl

[2]

[Total: 2]

2 The symbols of the elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Write the symbol of the element which forms a stable ion with a 2+ charge.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in one atom of the isotope of chromium shown.

54
24Cr

number of electrons .................................................................................................................

number of neutrons .................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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4 Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms of the same element are known as
isotopes.

24 25
12Mg and 12Mg are isotopes of magnesium.

Complete the table to show the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons in these isotopes of
magnesium.

number of number of number of

isotope
electrons neutrons protons

24
12Mg

25
12Mg

[2]

[Total: 2]
2−
5 Sulfide ions, S , have the electronic structure 2,8,8.

(a) Explain why sulfide ions have a charge of 2−.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give the formula of:

2−
an anion which has the same electronic structure as S .................................................
2−
a cation which has the same electronic structure as S ................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]
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6 Describe the bonding in a metallic element such as sodium.

You may include a diagram as part of your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

7 Explain why magnesium ions have a charge of 2+.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

8 When 80 g of iron(III) oxide reacts with excess carbon monoxide, 56 g of iron is produced.

Calculate the minimum mass of iron(III) oxide needed to produce 14 g of iron.

....................................................... g [1]

[Total: 1]

9 Iron reacts with oxygen to form an oxide of iron with the formula Fe3O4.

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

.......Fe + .......O2 → Fe3O4

[2]
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[Total: 2]

10 Sodium burns in air to form sodium oxide, Na2O.

(a) State the colour of the flame seen when sodium burns.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction which takes place when sodium burns in air to form
sodium oxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

11 A student prepares magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4, by adding excess magnesium to dilute
sulfuric acid.

Magnesium sulfate crystals have the formula, MgSO4•xH2O, where x is a whole number of molecules
of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of MgSO4•xH2O and finds it has lost 0.140 moles of H2O and has
2.40 g of MgSO4 remaining.

Determine the value of x .

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of MgSO4.

Mr = .................................. [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of MgSO4 formed.

moles of MgSO4 formed = ........................... [1]

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(c) Determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.

x = .................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

12 Lithium is extracted by the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride.

(a) Name a non-metal used to make the electrodes.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give one property, other than the conduction of electricity, that makes this substance suitable
for use as an electrode.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

13 Name a metal that can be used as an inert electrode instead of carbon.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.

What is meant by the term electrolysis?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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15 Substance P undergoes physical and chemical changes.

Which two of the following are physical changes? Explain your answer.

A Substance P reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.

B Iodine forms when chlorine is added to an aqueous solution of substance P.

C Substance P boils at 1330°C.

D Substance P dissolves easily in water.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

16 Balance the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

C2H5OH + 3O2 → ....... CO2 + ......... H2O

[2]

[Total: 2]
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17 The structures of seven compounds or elements, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.

A B C D
H H H H H H
O C O P
H C C C H H C C C H H H
H
H H H H

E F G
H O

H C O H S
O O
H

State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents an element.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of

ester Y.

O
H

H C O C H

[3]

[Total: 3]
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19 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Identify the element which has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

20 Concentrated aqueous hydrobromic acid releases fumes of acidic hydrogen bromide gas.

A long glass tube is set up as shown.

cotton wool soaked in damp blue

concentrated hydrobromic acid litmus paper
At first the blue litmus paper does not turn red.

After a short time the blue litmus paper turns red.

Explain these observations using the kinetic particle model.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

21 The changes of state of lead are shown.

melting B
solid liquid lead
lead lead gas
A condensing

Name the changes of state represented by A and B.

A .............................................................................................................................................

B ............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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22 Limonene is a volatile substance which smells of oranges.

The melting point of limonene is –74 °C.

The boiling point of limonene is 176 °C.

What is the physical state of limonene at – 80 °C?

Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

23 Potassium is a Group I element.

Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

[Total: 3]

24 The equation shows the effect of heat on anhydrous zinc sulfate.

ZnSO4 → ZnO + SO3

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(a) What type of chemical reaction is this?

Tick one box.

addition

decomposition

displacement

oxidation
[1]

(b) When 12.60 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated, the mass of zinc oxide formed is 6.34 g.

Calculate the mass of zinc oxide formed when 63.0 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated.

mass of zinc oxide = ........................... g [1]

[Total: 2]