www.Kalviseithi.

Net

PG-TRB (TAMIL)
UNIT - 3

DHARMAPURI KANCHII
ACADEMY
( ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute )

DHARMAPURI - 9842425287, 9944695944

WWW.kanchiacademy.com
KANCHII ACADEMY CLASS DETAIS
1)PG-TRB (TAMIL) –Sundays - One Year Course (up to forthcoming PG TRB )

2)TET – All Sundays – One Year Course (up to forthcoming TET)

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UNIT - 3
ed;D}y;
gtze;jp
1. vOj;jjpfhuk;.
1 ghapuk;
2. nghJg;ghapuk;
3. rpwg;Gg; ghapuk;.

1. vOj;jjpfhuk;
1. vOj;jpay;
2. gjtpay;
3. caphPWW
; g; Gzhpay;
4. nka;aPw;Wg; Gzhpay;
5. cUG Gzhpay;.

2. nrhy;yjpfhuk;
1. ngahpay;
2. tpidapay;
3. nghJtpay;
4. ,ilr;nrhy;
5. caphpay;.

ed;D}y;.

Mrphpah; - gtze;jp
je;ij - rd;kjp
rkak; - rkzk;
 Ch; - rdif> rdfhGuk; (ik#h; khtl;lk;)
 E}iy nra;tpj;jtd; - rPafq;fd; (fq;fehl;il Mz;lth;)
 gy;fiyf; Fhprpy; gtze;jp vdg; Gfog;gLfpwhh;.
 rPafq;fd; - mkuhguzd;> cj;jk Nrho fq;fd; (NtWngah;fs;)
 Kjypy; ciufz;lth; - kapiy ehjh;.
 ,Ue;jkpo;f; flYs; mUk;nghUs; Ie;ijAk; ahtUk; czuj; njhiftif
tphpapd; jUf” vd;W Ntz;bath; - rPafq;fd;.
 topE}y; - Kd;Ndhh; E}y;fspd; top.
 Ejypa nghUs; - vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp
 fhyk; - 12-k; E}w;whz;L.
 fsk; - rPafq;fdpd; mitf;fsk;.
 E}w;gh - 462 flTs; tho;j;J mUff; flTs;

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I.ghaputpay;.

ghapuk; - tuyhW> Kd;Diu

ghapuk; 2 tifg;gLk;.

nghJg;ghapuk; - 5 gFjpfs;.
rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; - 11 gFjpfs;.

 ciuahrphpah;fs; - K.it mutpe;jd;.

 njhy;fhg;gpa Kjy; ciu - ,sk;G+uzh;.
 ed;D}y; - vOj;J> nrhy;
 kapiy ehjh;> rq;fuekr;rpthah;> rptQhd Kdpth;> tpUe;jpAiuAk;> MWKf
ehtyh; - fhz;bifAiu
 Nekpehjk; (rpd;D}y;) - vOj;J> nrhy; - FztPughz;bjh;

1. tr;rze;jp khiy (m) ntz;ghg;ghl;bay; - FztPu gz;bjh;.

2. etePjg; ghl;bay; - etePjeld;.
3. tiuaWj;jg; ghl;bay; (m)rk;ge;jg; ghl;bay; - rk;ge;j Kdpth;.
4. rpjk;gug; ghl;bay; - guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth;.
5. ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; - itj;jpaehj Njrpfh;.
6. Kj;JtPhpag; ghl;bay; - Kj;JtPu cghj;jpahah;.
7. gpuge;j kugpay; gpuge;j jPgpif- Kj;J Ntq;fl Rg;igah.

nghJg;ghapuk;.

ghapuj;jpd; ngah;fs; - 7
KfTiu> gjpfk;> mzpe;Jiu> E}y;Kfk;> GwTiu> Gide;Jiu> je;Jiu
- ,it fhuzg; ngah;fNs.

nghJg;ghapuk; - 5 tif tuyhW $WfpwJ.

I E}ypd; tuyhW

II Mrphpad; tuyhW

III E}y; fw;gpj;jy; tuyhW

IV khzhf;fd; tuyhW

V E}y; fw;wypd; tuyhW.

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rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; - KfTiu $WtJ.

xU E}ypd; Kd;DiuNghy; miktJ rpwg;Gg; ghapuk;.

( xU E}Yf;F kl;LNk chpa ghapuk;)

‘kyh;jiy cyfpd; ky;F ,Us; mfy

,yF xsp gug;G ahitAk; tpsf;Fk;”

E}y; - ,q;F ,yf;fz E}iyf; Fwpj;jJ.

tuyhW.
1. nghJ> rpwg;Gg; ghapuk;.
2. Kjy;> top> rhh;G E}y;
3. ehy;tifg; gad;fs; (mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL)
4. vO tif kjk;.
5. gj;Jf; Fw;wk;.
6. gj;J moF
7. 32 cj;jpfs;.
8. xj;J (,ay;)
9. glyk; (mjpfhuk;)
10. #j;jpuk; (E}w;gh)
11. fhz;bif
12. tpUj;jpAiu.

I E}ypd; tuyhW
 E}y;fspd; tiffs;. - 3

1. Kjy; E}y;
2. top E}y;
3. rhh;G E}y; (Gil E}y;)

 Kjy; E}y;

tpidapd; ePqf
; p tpsq;fpa mwptpd;
Kidtd;(,iwtd;) fz;lJ
; ,iwtNd md;wp ,iwtdhy; mUs; ngw;w rhd;Nwhuhy; ,aw;Wjy;.

 topE}y;

Kjy; E}iy KOtJk; xj;J> top E}y; nra;tpj;j fhuzq;fisr; nrhy;yp

mopahj ,ay;Gilajhfr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

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 rhh;G E}y; (GilE}y;)

rhh;G E}y; vd;gJ Kjy; E}y; kw;Wk; top E}y; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J rpWghd;ik
fUj;Jfis xj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;> ngUk;ghd;ik fUj;Jfs; NtWghL
nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 E}y; gad; - 4

mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; tPL.

 kjk; - nfhs;if (m) Nfhl;ghL

kjk; - 7
1. gpwh; kjj;Jf;Fj; jhd; cld;gly;.
2. gpwh; kjj;ij; kWj;jy;.
3. gpwh; kjj;Jf;Fj; jhd; cl;gl;L gpd; kWj;jy;.
4. jhNd xU fUj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;J mij nghUe;Jk; ,lq;fspy; epiy epWj;Jjy;.
5. ,Uth; xd;ww;F xd;W khwhff; nfhz;l ,uz;lDs; xd;wdplj;Jj; Jzpjy;.
6. gpwh; E}ypy; cs;s Fw;wj;ij vLj;Jf; $WtJ.
7. gpwh; fUj;ij Vw;fhJ jd; fUj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

 E}ypd; gj;Jf; Fw;wk;.

1. Fd;wf; $wy;.
2. kpifglf; $wy;.
3. $wpaJ $wy;.
4. Kd; nrhd;djw;F khwhff; $wy;. (khWnfhsf; $Wjy;)
5. Fw;wKila nrhw;fisf; $Wjy;. (tOcr; nrhy; Gzh;jy;)
6. kaq;f itj;jy; (xd;wpw;F nghUs; ,JNth mJNth vd;W $Wjy;)
7. ntw;nwdj; njhLj;jy; (Njitaw;w nrhw;fs;)
8. kw;nwhd;W tphpj;jy; (nrhy;y njhlq;fpaij tpl;L Ntnwhd;W $Wjy;)
9.nrd;W Nja;e;J ,wj;jy; (njhlf;fj;ij rpwg;ghf mikj;J gpd; rpwg;gpd;wp Kbj;jy;)
10. epd;W gad; ,d;ik (nrhw;fs; ,Ue;Jk; gad; ,y;iy)

 E}ypd; moFfs; - 10

1. RUq;fr; nrhy;yy;
2. tpsq;fitj;jy;.
3. etpd;NwhUf;F ,dpik (fw;NghUf;F ,dpik jUjy;)
4. ed;nkhop Gzh;jy; (Fw;wkw;w nrhw;fisf; $Wjy;)
5. Xir cilik

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6 fw;f fw;f Mo;e;J fw;wy;.

7. Kiwapd; itj;jy; (vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ,ay;> mjpfhuk;)
8. cyfk; kiyahik (rhd;Nwhh; tof;nfhL khWghL ,y;yhik)
9. rpwe;j nghUisj; jUjy;.
10. rpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;L jUjy;.

 E}ypd; cj;jpfs;; - 32

 E}ypd; cWg;Gfs; -2
1. xj;J (,ay;)>
2.glyk; (mjpfhuk;)
xj;J : Xhpdg; nghUisg; gw;wpg; NgRk; gy #j;jpuq;fs; Nrh;e;jJ xj;J MFk;.
glyk;: gy nghUs;fs; jdpj;jdpahf mike;j gy ,ay;fs; Nrh;e;jJ glyk;.

 #j;jpuk; (E}w;gh)
o #j;jpuk; - tlnrhy;
o RUf;fp tiuj;jy; vd;gJ nghUs;.
o #j;jpuk; gw;wp tpsf;f ed;D}y; $Wk; ctik - fz;zhb.

 cj;jp
cyf tof;F> nra;As; tof;F ,uz;Lk; nghUe;jp ,yf;fz E}y; gilg;gjw;F
ed;D}y; Fwpg;gpLk; nrhy; cj;jp.

 #j;jpuj;jpd; epiy - 4
1. Mw;nwhOf;F - ,ilaPL ,d;wp xUKfkhf XLk; MW Nghd;W nra;Aspy;
nghUs; mikjy;.
2. mhpkh Nehf;F - Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; ghh;j;J nry;fpd;w rpq;fjijg;Nghy;
fUj;jikAk; E}w;gh epiy.
3. jtisg; gha;r;R - ,iltpl;Lf; Fjpf;fpd;w jtis Nghy; fUj;J tpl;L nry;fpd;w
E}w;gh.
4. gUe;jpd; tPo;T - xd;iwf; fth;e;J Nghfpd;w kpf cauj;jpypUe;J fPNo tpOfpd;w
gUe;jpidg; Nghy; jpBnud fUj;ij nrhy;Yk; E}w;gh.

 #j;jpu tif - 6
1. gpz;lr; #j;jpuk; - gy tifg; nghUs;fis xU Nruf; $Wjy;.
2. njhifr; #j;jpuk; - nghUs;fis NtW Ntwhf njhFj;Jf; $Wjy;.
3. tifr; #j;jpuk; - njhFj;jij tFj;Jf; $Wjy;.
4. Fwpr; #j;jpuk; - ,/J ,d;dJ> vdf; $wy;.(,J caph;> nka;) vdf; $wy;.
5. nra;if #j;jpuk; - Gzh;rr
; p nra;tijf; $Wjy;.
6. Gwdilr; #j;jpuk; -$wg;gl;l ,yf;fzq;fSf;nfy;yhk; Gwj;jpy; milahfp
epw;wy;.

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 ciu - 14
1. %yg;ghlj;ij vLj;Jiuj;jy;.
2. fUj;Jiu $Wjy;
3. nrhy;tij $Wjy;.
4. nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; ciuj;jy;.
5. fUj;ij njhFj;Jf; $Wjy; (nghopg;Giu)
6. Nkw;Nfhisf; fhl;Ljy;.
7. Iaq;fisj; jhNd Njhw;Wtpj;jy;.
8. mjw;Fhpa tpiliaf; $Wjy;
9. E}y; $Wk; nghUsd;wp ,lj;jpw;Nfw;g rpwg;Gg; nghUis vLj;Jiuj;jy;.
10. tphpj;Jf; $w Ntz;ba ,lj;J tpsf;fKwf; $Wjy;.
11. nrhy;Yk; nghUis mjpfhuj;Jld; nghUj;jKwf; fhl;Ljy;.
12. Iak; Vw;gLk; ,lq;fspy; ,J vd tpsf;FtJ.
13. JzpTwf; fhl;Ltjhy; Vw;gLk; gaid vLj;Jiuj;jy;.
14. ciuaplj;Jj; njhd;D}y; fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wjy;.
 ciu tif 2 - (1) fhz;bif ciu> (2) tpUj;jp ciu.
 fUj;Jiu $Wjy;> gjg;nghUs; $Wjy;> vLj;Jf;fhl;lhy; epWTjy; - ,tw;Wld;
ciu nra;tJ - Kf;fhz;bif.
 kapiyehjh; nra;j ciu - Kf;fhz;bif.
 fUj;Jiu> gjTiu> vLj;Jf;fhl;L> tpdh> tpil cld; ciu nra;tJ
-,J Iq;fhz;bif (#j;jpuj;jpd; nghUis ciug;gJ - fhz;bif)
 MWKf ehtyh; nra;j ciu - Iq;fhz;bif
 fhz;bif vd;gjd; nghUs; - ciu
 tpUj;jp ciu vd;gjd; nghUs; - gb ciu.

tpUj;jpAiu vd;gJ:- #j;jpug; nghUs; tpsf;Fjy;> Iak; ePq;f njspT gLj;Jjy;>

Iq;fhz;bif cWg;NghL Iak; jPu ciug;gJ.

 E}y; - ctk MF ngah;.

(xU ngz; jd; ifapdhy; fjpuhfpa fUtpiaf; nfhz;L gQ;rpid ,ioj;J

E}yhf;Ffpwhs;. mJ Nghyg; Gytd; jdJ thapdhy; mwpthfpa fUtpiaf;
nfhz;L nrhw;fshy; nra;As; ,aw;wp E}yhf;Ffpwhd;. E}iyg; Nghd;W
nra;ag;gLtjhy; - ctk MFngau;)

 E}ypd; khz;G - fw;NghuJ kdf;Nfhiyg; Nghf;FtJ.

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II Mrphpau; tuyhW.

Mrphpah; - Fw;wk; fisgth;. (MR - Fw;wk; ,hpjy; - ePfF

; jy;.)
Mrphpah; - Ety;Nthd;> nrhy;YNthd;.
ey;yhrphpaDf;F $wg;gLk; ctik - epyk;> khiy> epiwNfhy;> kyh;.

epyj;jpd; khz;G - 4

epyk; Mrphpah;.

1. mstpl Kbah cUtg; ngUik 1. gpwuhy; mwpa Kbahf; fy;tpg; ngUik

2. vt;tsT Rik Vw;wpDk; fyq;fhJ 2.vj;jidg; nghpa fy;tpahsd; thpDk;
thjk; Ghpjy;.
3. Fj;jpDk;> ntl;bDk; nghWj;Jf; 3.khzhf;fUk;> gpwUk; nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fis
nfhs;tJ. nghWj;jy;.
4. cothpd; ciog;Gf;F Vw;gg; gad; 4.khzhf;fhpd;Kaw;rpf;F Vw;gg; gad;gLjy;.
mspg;gJ

kiyapd; khz;G - 5

1. msf;f Kbah msT 1. mstpyhf; fy;tp

2. nghUs; tsk; 2. gd;D}y; Gyik
3. mirf;f KbahJ 3. gpwuhy; nty;y Kbah fy;tp mwpT.
4. njhiytpy; cs;stUk; fhZk; cauk; 4. njhiytpy; cs;stUk; fhZk; fy;tp
Gfo;
5. Ridfshy; ePiuj; jUk; nfhilj;jd;ik 5.jhd; tWik mile;jhYk; fy;tp
nfhLf;Fk; ts;sy;.

epiwf;Nfhy; (juhR)-2
1. nghUs; viliaf; fhl;ly; 1. fy;tp Iakwf; fw;Wj; jUjy;.
2. eLepw;wy; 2. Ntz;bath;> Ntz;lhjth; vd;W
vth; gf;fKk; rhahJ epw;wy;.

kyhpd; khz;Gfs;- (5)

1. kq;fy fhhpak; 1. ed;ikahd nraYf;Fhpath;.

2. jhdpd;wp vr;nraYk; eilngwhJ 2.Mrphpah; ,d;wp vr;nraYk; eilngwhJ.
3. nkd;ik jd;ik 3.vy;NyhUk; vspjpy; neUq;fp md;G ghuhl;Ljy;.
4. chpa fhyj;jpy; kyh;jy; 4. Kf kyh;r;rpAilik.
5. midtUk; tpUk;gpr; #Lk; jd;ik 5. midtUk; Nghw;Wk; FzKilik.

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Mrphpah; Mfhjth; ,ay;G (Mrphpah; MfhjtDf;F $wg;gLk; ctik)

 fow;Flk;.
 klw;gid
 gUj;jpf; Fz;bif
 Klj;njq;F

1. flw;Flj;jpd; jd;ik - 2

1. Kd; ,l;l fha;fis gpd;Dk; gpd; ,l;lij 1. Kd; $w Ntz;baij

Kd;Dk; khw;wp jUk;. gpd;Dk;> gpd; $w
Ntz;baij Kd;Dk;
$Wjy;

2. nga;j fha;fis tpiutpy; ntspg;gLj;JtJ 2. fw;Nghh; kdjpy; nfhs;s

Kbahjgb tpiuthff; $Wjy;.

2. klw;gid -1 Vw Kbahjgb ,d;dy;nra;Ak; kl;ilfis cilaJ.

1. goq;fis jhNd nfhLg;gjd;wp 1. jhdhff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhy; kl;Lk; jhd;.

tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; tpUk;Gk;
tifapy; Vwpg; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;s
,lk; juhJ.

3.gUj;jpf; Fz;bif - 2
1. cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJ gQ;ir 1. jhd; fw;w fhyj;jpy;
rpwpJ rpwpjhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; rpwpJ rpwpjhf fw;wpUg;ghh;.

2. nfhLf;Fk; NghJk; rpwpJ 2. gpwUf;Ff; fw;gpf;Fk;

rpwpjhfNt vLf;f ,lk; NghJk; rpwpJ rpwpjhf
nfhLf;Fk; fw;gpg;ghh;.

4.Klj;njq;F - 1
1. ePhg
; ;gha;r;rp cuk; ,l;L
tsh;g;gtUf;Fg; gad;glhky;
mLj;jtUf;Fg; gad;jUk;
1. nghUs; nfhLj;J top
gLgth;fis tpLj;Jg;
gpwUf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gh;.

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IV khzth; tuyhW (khzth; - khz;Gilath;)

khztd; - nfhs;Nthd; (E}iy kdjpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; nfhs;Nthd;)

khzhf;fh; Mtjw;F chpath; - 6

1. jd;kfd;
2. jd; Mrphpah; kfd;.
3. murd; kfd;
4. kpFe;j nghUisf; nfhLg;gtd;
5. jd;id topgLgtd;
6. jhd; ciug;gij tpiue;J Vw;Fk; mwpTilatd;.

khzhf;fh; tiffs; - 3

1. jiy khzhf;fh; - md;dk;> gR

2. ,il khzhf;fhh; - kz;> fpspg;gps;is
3. fil khzhf;fh; - Xl;ilf;Flk;> ML> vUik nea;ahp (gd;dhil)

1. jiy khzhf;fh;.

1. md;dk; - ghYk; ePUk; fye;jpUg;gpd; 1. Mrphpah; $w;wpypUe;J

ghiy cz;L ePiu ePf;Fk; Njitahdtw;iw vLj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ
2. gR - ey;y Gy;iy fhzpd; tpiue;J 2. Mrphpahplk; Nfl;l ghlj;ijr;
Nka;e;J gpd;dh; mirNghl;L tpOq;Fk;. rpwpJ rpwpjhf epidTf;F
nfhz;L te;J rpe;jpj;J
kdjpy; epWj;Jth;.

2. ,il khzhf;fh;.

1. kz; - ciog;gpw;Nfw;g kz;; 1. Mrphpahpd; ciog;gpw;F Vw;w

tpistpidf; nfhLf;Fk; mwpitg; ngWth;.
2. fpspg;gps;is: nrhd;dij kl;LNk. 2.Mrphpah; fw;gpj;j
nrhy;Yk; ghlw;nghUisj; jtpug;
. gpwtw;iwr; nrhy;yhh;.

3.fil khzhf;fh;.

Xl;ilf;Flk;.
1.ePiu Cw;Wk; NghNj ntsptpLk; 1.ghlk; Nfl;Fk; NghNj kdjpw;
nfhs;shky; tpLtJ.

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ML
2.Xhplj;jpy; Nka;e;J tapW 2. Xh; Mrphpahplk; KOikahff;
epuk;ghJ miye;J jphpAk; fy;yhJ gyhplk;; nrd;W KOik ,y;yh
mwpTld; ,Ug;gh;.

vUik
3.ey;y ePiuf; fyf;fpf; Fbf;Fk; 3. Mrphpahpd; cs;sj;ij tUj;jr; nra;J
fw;ghh;.

nea;ahp
4. ey;y nghUistpl;L mOf;ifj; 4.ey;yij tpLj;J Njitahdtw;iw kdjpy;
Njf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; epWj;Jtu;.

khzhf;fh; Mfhjth; - 15

1.fs;Fbg;gtd; 2. Nrhk;Ngwp 3. nghpNahiu kjpf;fhjtd;. 4. fhKfd; 5. jpUld;

6. Neha;tha;gl;ltd;. 7. kpFe;j tWikAilatd; 8. khWgl;L NgRgtd;
9. Nfhgf;fhud; 10. vg;nghOJk; cwq;Fgtd; 11. mwpTf; $h;ik mw;wtd;.
12. gioa E}y;fisf; fz;L kdk; jLkhWgth; 13 jhd; vd;w tPuk; (mfe;ij)
14. ghtp 15. ngha; NgRgtd;

ghlk; Nfl;Fk; Kiw -11

o ghlk; Nfl;gth; rpj;jpug; ghit Nghy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

V E}y; fw;wypd; tuyhW

E}y; fw;Fk; Kiw.-7

o E}y; fw;Fk; khztd; cyf tof;ifAk; nra;As; tof;ifAk; mwpjy;.

o %y ghlj;ijg; Nghw;Wjy;.
o Nfl;l ghlj;ij epidT $h;jy;.
o kPz;Lk; Mrphpahplk; nrd;W jd; Iaj;ijg; gpwhplk; $wp njspT ngWjy;
 xU Kiw ghlk; Nfl;ltd; mg;ghlj;ij ,UKiw Nfl;f me;E}iyg; nghpJk;
gpioapd;wp czh;thd;.
 ‘Kf;fhy; Nfl;gpd; Kiw mwpe;J ciuf;Fk;”
%d;W Kiw Nfl;ghdhy; Mrphpad; fw;gpj;j Kiwia czh;e;J gpwh;fF ; r;
nrhy;gtd; Mthd;.

 khztd; Mrphpad; fw;gpj;jtw;iwj; jd; mwpnthL nghUe;jf; fw;whd; MapDk;

fhy; gq;Fg; Gyikia kl;LNk ngWthd;

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 epiwGyik

‘jd;NdhLg; gapYk; khztUld; ghlj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtjd; thapyhf NkYk;

fhy; gq;Fg; Gyik ngWthd;. vQ;rpa miug;gq;fpidj; jd;NdhL fw;gtUf;Fk;>
gpwUf;Fk; vLj;Jiug;gjhy; ngWthd;.

 MrphpaUld; goFk; Kiw

‘moypd; ePq;fhd; mZfhd; mQ;rp” - vd;W ed;D}yhh; Fwpg;gpLtJ - Mrphpah;>
khzth; cwT

rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; 8+3=11

1. Mf;fpNahd; ngah;> 2.top> 3.vy;iy> 4.E}w;ngah;

5. ahg;G 6. Ejypa nghUs; 7. Nfl;Nghh;. 8. gad; 9. fhyk; 10. fsd; 11. fhuzk;.

E}Yf;Fg; ngah; mikAk; Kiw (8)

ngUk;ghd;ik fhuzk; gw;wpAk; rpWghd;ik ,LFwpahfTk; ngah; ngWk;.

1. Kjy; E}yhy; ngah; - ghujk;> ,uhkhazk;.

2. Mf;fpNahdhy; ngah; - mfj;jpak;> njhy;fhg;gpah;.
3. msthy; ngah; - gd;dpU glyk;> ehybehD}W
4. kpFjp ngah; - fstpay;.
5. nghUshy; ngah; - mfg;nghUs;> Gwg;nghUs;
6. nra;tpj;Njhdhy;; ngah; - rhjthfdk;> tPu Nrhopak;.
7. jd;ikahy; ngah; - rpe;jhkzp> ed;D}y;
8. ,LFwpahy; ngah; - epfz;L> fiyf; Nfhl;Lj; jz;L.

gpw fhuzq;fshy; mikAk; ngah;fs;.

1. Kjw; Fwpg;ghy; ngah; - Mj;jpr;#b> nfhd;iw Nte;jd;.

2. ,lj;jhy; ngah; - fstop ehw;gJ.
3. fhyj;jhy; ngah; - fhh; ehw;gJ.
4. Mf;fpNahdpd; Mrphpauhy; ngah; - Nekpehjk;.
5. ctikahy; ngah; - jphpfLfk; > rpWgQ;r%yk;.

E}y; ahg;G

 ahg;G vd;whNy ntz;gh> Mrphpag;gh Nghd;w nra;As; tifiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.

 Kjy; E}iy xl;b E}y; nra;Ak; Kiw ehd;F.

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rpwg;G ghapuk; nra;jw;F chpahh; (4)

1. jdf;F E}iy fw;gpj;j Mrphpad;.

2. jd;Dld; ghlk; Nfl;ltd;.
3. jd;Dila khzhf;fd;.
4. jhd; nra;j E}Yf;F ciu vOJk; jFjp gilj;jtd;.

 jw;Gfo;r;rp Fw;wk; Mfh ,lq;fs; - 4

 ghapuj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahik
‘Mapuk; Kfj;jhd; mfd;wJ MapDk;
ghapuk; ,y;yJ gDty; md;Nw”

ghapuj;jpd; rpwg;G (3)

(i) khlf;Fr; rpj;jpuKk;
(ii) khefh;f;Ff; NfhGuKk;
(iii) mirfpd;w %q;fpy; Nghd;w Njhis cila ngz;fs; mzpAk; mzp
ngz;fSf;F moF Nrh;g;gJ Nghy ghapuk; vd;gJ E}Yf;F moF
Nrh;;gg
; J..

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vOj;jjpfhuk;
vOj;jpay;

1. vOj;Jf;fspd; ,yf;fzj;ijf; $Wfpd;w gy ,ay;fisf; nfhz;ljhy;

vOj;jjpfhuk; vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ. (202) vOj;jjpfhuk; E}w;ghf;fs; cs;sJ.

‘G+kyp mNrhfpd; Gidepoy; mkh;e;j ehd;Kfd; njhOJ ed;F ,ak;Gtd;

vOj;Nj” flTs; - mUff; flTs;.

vOj;jpyf;fzj;jpd; ghFghL - 12

1. vz;
2. ngah;
3. Kiw
4. gpwg;G
5. cUtk;
6. khj;jpiu
7. Kjy;
8. <W
9. ,ilepiy
10. Nghyp
11. gjk;
12. Gzh;rr; p

1. vz; - vOj;J.
nkhopKjy; fhuzkhk; mZj;jpus; xyp vOj;J> mJ Kjy;> rhh;G vd ,U
tifj;Nj.
 nkhopf;Ff; fhuzk; - xyp
 xypf;Ff; fhuzk; - mZf;$l;lk;.

vOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;L tif

1. Kjy; vOj;J - 30
2. rhh;ngOj;J - 10
 ‘capUk; clk;Gkhk; Kg;gJk; KjNy”

rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; - 10

 jhNd jdpj;J epy;yhky; KjnyOj;ijr; rhh;e;J tUtd.

 njhy;fhg;gpak; - 3

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rhh;ngOj;Jf;fspd; tphp - 369

1. caph;nka; - 216
2. Ma;jk; (Kw;wha;jk;) - 8
3. capnusngil - 21
4. xw;wsngil - 42
5. Fw;wpaypfuk; - 37
6. Fw;wpaYfuk; - 36
7. Ifhuf; FWf;fk; - 3
8. xsfhuf; FWf;fk; - 1
9. kfuf; FWf;fk; - 3
10. Ma;jf; FWf;fk; -2

369

2. ngah;

xU nghUSf;Fg; nga;J toq;FtJ ngau; mJ fhuzk; gw;wpAk;> fhuzkpd;wpAk;

tUk;>

1. ,LFwpg; ngah;.

ve;j tpjf; fhuzKk; fUjhky; ,lg;gl;l ngah;. v.fh kuk;.

(i) ,LFwpg;nghJg; ngah; (gy nghUs;fSf;Fg; nghJg; ngauha;) kiy> fhL>

khL

(ii) ,LFwp rpwg;Gg; ngah; (xU nghUSf;Nf rpwg;gha;) thio kuk;> kh> gyh>
njd;id.

2. fhuzg; ngah;

fhuzk; fUjp ,lg;gl;l ngah;fs; fhuzg;ngah;. (gwit)

(i) fhuzg; nghJg;ngah; fpsp> mzpy;> fhfk;> Fapy;> Gwh.

(ii)fhuz rpwg;Gg; ngah;. gwit> tisay;> ehw;fhyp> nrq;fy;> Kf;fhyp>
fUk;gyif.

 ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; vd;Dk; cj;jpahy; ngah; 3 tifg;gLk;.

1. ,LFwpg; ngah; - kz;> kuk;
2. fhuzg;ngah; - $dd;> $dp
3. fhuz ,LFwpg;ngau; - fhuz ,LFwpg; ngah;> Ks;sp> Kf;fz;zd;> nkhop.
(i) Ks;sp - Ks;is cila nrbfisf; Fwpf;fhky; xd;Wf;F kl;LNk Mfp tUk;.
(ii) Kf;fz;zd; - rptngUkhid kl;LNk Fwpj;jJ.
(iii) nkhop - nkhop vd;w xNu nrhy; fhuzk; fUJk; nghOJ fhuzg; ngah;.
(nkhopag;gLtjhy;) - fhuzk; fUjhjg;NghJ Kd;Ndhhpl;l ngah; - nkhop.

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3. vOj;Jf;fspd; ngau; : (2) (12+18)

Mtp (caph;) - m---xs
clk;G (nka;) - f; ------d;

 caph;
clNyhL $bAk; ,aq;Ffpd;w capiug; Nghd;Wk; jdpj;j nka;NahL $bAk;
,aq;Ftjhy; caph; vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.

 nka;.
capuhy; ,af;fg;gLfpd;w cliyg; Nghd;W ,aq;Ftjhy; nka; vdg; gl;lJ>

 Fwpy; vOj;J (vowels) -5

FWfpa Xir cila capnuOj;Jf;fs;.
‘m> ,> c> v> xf; Fwpy; Ie;Nj”

 nel;nlOj;J -7
‘M> <> C> V> I> X> xs”

 Rl;nlOj;J - 3
m> ,> c

Rl;L - 2
1. mfr;Rl;L - mtd;> ,td;> ctd;
2. Gwr;Rl;L - mt;tPL> ,k;kdpjd;> ck;kdpjd;.

m- njhiytpy; cs;s nghUs;

,- mUfpy; cs;s nghUs;.
c- ,ilapy; cs;s nghUs;.

mfr;Rl;L Gwr;Rl;L
(gphpf;f ,ayhjit) (gphpf;ff; $bait)

mtd; m + nfhw;wd;(mf;nfhw;wd;)
,td; , + tPL (,t;tPL)
ctd; c + kzp (ck;kzp)

 tpdh vOj;J (Interrogative )-5

‘v> ah> M> X> V”
xd;wid tpdTtjw;Fg; gad;gLtJ

1. V>ah - nrhy;Yf;F Kjypy; - vd;d? ahh;?

2. M>X - nrhy;Yf;F <w;wpy; tpdhg; nghUspy; - te;jhdh?> te;jhNdh?> mtdh?.

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3. V - nkhop Kjy;> <w;wpYk; - Vd;?;> nka;jhNd? mtNd?.

tpdh - 2
1. mftpdh - vtd;
2. Gwtpdh - vf;fhL (v + fhL)

vah KjYk; MX <w;Wk;

V ,U topAk; tpdhth Fk;Nk

%tpdk;
nka;naOj;Jf;fs; mtw;wpd; Xirj; jd;ikf;F Vw;g %d;whfg;
gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. ty;ypdk; - f>r>l>j>g>w - khh;G

2. nky;ypdk; - q>Q>z>e> k>d - %f;F
3. ,ilapdk; - a>u>y>t>o>s - fOj;J.

ty;ypdk; vd;gJ td;ikahf xypj;jy; - 6

nky;ypdk; vd;gJ nkd;ikahf xypj;jy; - 6
,ilapdk; vd;gJ ty;nyhypNah> nky;nyhypNah juhky; ,ilg;gl;l xypahf
xypg;gjhy; - 6

,d vOj;J - I> xs

,dkpy;yhj I> xs vd;gd jdf;F ,dkhd Fw;nwOj;Jf;fisg; ngwhjit

vdNt> I fhuk; ,fuj;ijAk;> xs fhuk; cfuj;ijAk; ngWk;.

,dk; vd;gjw;Ff; fhuzk;. - 5

1. jhdk; 2. Kaw;rp 3. msT 4. nghUs;. 5. tbT.

3. Kiw

 jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs; xU thpir Kiwapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mJNt Kiw

vdg;gLk;. mfuk; Kjy; xsfhuk;> ffuk; Kjy; dfuk; <whfTk; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

neLq;fzf;F - jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs;.

 Fwpypd; khWghL neby;
 rpwg;gpd; fhuzkhfTk;> ,dj;jpd; fhuzkhfTk; vOj;Jf;fs; xd;wd;gpd;
xd;wha; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
 mfuk; Kjypa 12 caph;fSk; jdpj;J ,aq;Ftd.
 18 nka;fSk; mfuj;NjhL $bNa ,aq;Fk;.
 caph; Kd;Dk;> nka; gpd;Dk; rpwg;G fUjp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

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1. gpwg;G
vOj;Jf;fspd; gpwg;G ,lg;gpwg;G> Kaw;rpg; gpwg;G vd ,Utif.
khh;G> fOj;J> jiy> %f;F Mfpa ehd;F ,lq;fspYk; nghUe;jp epw;Fk;.
cjL> ehf;F> gy;> Nky; thahfpa mz;zk;.
Mfpa fUtpfs; njhopy; Kaw;rpahy; ntt;NtW vOj;jhfpa Xirfshfj;
Njhd;Wk;.
 xyp vOjw;Fj; Jiz nra;A ; k; cWg;Gfis xypg;G Kidfs; vdyhk;.

,lg; gpwg;G

caph; 12> ,ilapd vOj;Jf;fs; MWk; - fOj;J.

nky;ypdk; - %f;F
ty;ypdk; - khh;G

Kaw;rpg; gpwg;G
 m>M - mq;fhj;jy;
 ,><> v>V>I - mq;fhg;NghL mz;gy; Kjy;eh tpspk;Gw tUNk.
tha;jj
; pwj;jNyhL> Nky;tha;g;gy;iy ehtpspk;G njhLtjhy;.
 ‘c> C> x> X> xs ,jo; FtpNt”
1. nka; - 18
f>q>r>Q>l>z ‘Kjy;> ,il Edpeh mz;zk; cwKiw tUNk”.

j > e ‘mz;gy; mbeh KbAwj; je tUk”; Nky;tha;gg

; y;ypd; mbia ehf;fpd;Edp
nghUe;Jtjhy; ,t;ntOj;Jf;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

g > k ‘k{ fPo; ,jo; cwg; gk;kg; gpwf;Fk;”; Nky; cjLk;> fPo; cjLk; nghUe;Jk;.

a ‘mbeh mb mz;zk; cwaj; Njhd;Wk;”; ehf;fpd; mb Nky;thapd;

mbiag; nghUe;j ‘a’ gpwf;Fk;.

u>o ‘mz;zk; Edpeh tUl uo tUk;” Nky;thia ehtpd; Edp jlt u>o
gpwf;Fk;.

y>s ‘mz;gy; KjYk; mz;zKk; Kiwapd; ehtpspk;G tPqf

; p xw;wTk; tUlTk;
yfhu> sfhuk; Ma; ,uz;Lk; gpwf;Fk;.

t ‘Nkw;gy; ,jo; cw NktpLk; tt;Nt”

Nky;tha;g; gy;iyf; fPo;cjL nghUe;Jtjhy;

w>d - ‘mz;zk; Edpeh edpcwpd; wd tUk;” Nky;thia ehtpd; Edp nghUe;j gpwf;Fk;.

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rhh;ngOj;J - gpwf;Fk; Kiw.

 Ma;j vOj;J jiyia ,lkhff; nfhz;L gpwf;Fk;.

gpw rhh;ngOj;Jf;fs; jj;jk; KjnyOj;Jf;fs; Njhd;wf;$ba ,lj;ijAk;>
Kaw;rpiaAk; nfhz;L xypf;fpd;wd.

 gy vOj;Jf;fSf;F gpwg;G xd;whff; $wg;gl;lhYk; cah;j;jpf; $Wjy;>

jho;j;jpf; $Wjy>; cah;j;jpAk;> jho;jj
; pAk; $Wjy;> Mfpa Kaw;rpahy;
gpwg;gpy; rpwpJ NtWghL fhzg;gLk;.

1. caph;nka; - 216
1. nka;naOj;Jf;fs; gjpndl;Lk; mfuj;NjhL NrUk; NghJ Gs;spia ,oe;J
Kd;ida tbitNa jd; tbthfg; ngWk;.
v.fh
f; + m = f - Gs;sp ,oj;jy;
,> < - Nky; tpyq;F ngWk;.
f; + , =fp
f; + < - fP
c> C - fPo; tpyq;F (f; + c = F f; + C = $)
v> V - nfhk;G ngWk; (f; + v = nf f; + V = Nf)
x> X nfhk;G + fhYk; (nfh> Nfh)
xs - gw;wp tpsf;ftpy;iy.
caph;nka; - ck;ikj;njhif

2. Ma;jk; (Nflak;> jdpepiy> Kg;Gs;sp> m/Nfdk;;)

Ma;jy;- Ez;ik

gpw vOj;Jf;fspd; xypg;gpy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;L kpf EZf;fkhd Xir ngw;wJ.

Kw;wha;jk;> Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

Kw;wha;jk; -8

F> R> L> J> G> W - 6 (v/F> f/R> f/L> m/J> f/G> f/W – 6)

rpy ,lq;fspy; vOj;Jf;fs; jphpe;Jk; tphpe;Jk; Ma;jk; Njhd;Wk;- 1

(gJ - g/J Mjy;> ,UgJ - ,Ug/J (tphpj;jy;))

tfuk; - Ma;jkhjy; (mt; + fba - m/fba (jphpjy;))

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3.caph; msngil.
nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ nrhy;ypd; Kjy;> ,il> filapy; epd;w
nel;nlOj;Jf;fs; VOk; mt;Nthiria epiwT nra;a jd; khj;jpiu
mstpypUe;J ePzL; xypf;Fk;.

(i)nra;Aspir (m) mirepiw (m) ,irepiw

 <uir nfhz;l rPh;fspy; kl;Lk; tUk;.
 rPUk;> jisAk; rpijahky; ,Uf;f msngLg;gJ
 cohmh;> glhmh;.

(ii),d;dpir msngil
 Xir Fiwahj NghJk; ,dpa Xir Ntz;b msngLg;gJ.
 %tir rPhf ; spy; kl;Lk; tUk;
 nfLg;gJ}ck;> vLg;gJ}ck;.

(iii)nrhy;ypir msngil.
 ngah;rn ; rhy; tpidnar;r nghUs; jUk; nghUl;L msngLg;gJ.’,”.
 joP, > FoP,

,aw;if msngil.
 rpy nrhw;fspy; nel;nlOj;Jf;fs; ,ay;ghfNt msngLf;Fk;.
 M^c> kf^c> k&c
caph; msngil - 21

7 nel;nlOj;Jf;fs; - Kjy;> ,il> fil7x3 21

xsfhuk; <w;wpYk;> ,ilapYk; msngLf;fhJ) - 2
19
nrhy;ypir msngil 1
,d;dpir msngil 1
21
4.xw;ws ngil - 42
 q;> Q;> z; e;> k;> d;> t;> a;> y;> s; / - 11
 Fwpw; fPOk;> Fwpypizf; fPOk;> nkhop ,ilapYk; <w;wpYk; msngLf;Fk;.

10- nka;f
; s;10X4 = 40
(Fwpy; fPOk; - vq;F) (Fwpypizf; fPo; - ,yq;q;F) (nkhop ,ilapy;- vq;q;F) (nkhop <w;wpy; - eq;q;)
Fwpy; fPo; Ma;jk; ,ilapy; 1
Fwpy; ,iz fPo; Ma;jk;; ,ilapy; 1
42

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4. Fw;wpaypfuk; (37)

 ,fuk; jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J ½ khj;jpiu msthf

xypg;gJ.
 Fw;wpaYfuk; epiynkhopahf epw;f tUnkhop Kjypy; afuk; te;jhy; cfuk;
,fukhf khWk;.
 Kd;dpiy mr;nrhy;yhfpa kpah vd;gjpy; cs;s ,fuKk; Fw;wpa ypfukhFk;.

v.fh
ehF + ahJ - ehfpahJ
fhR + ahJ - fhrpahJ
tPL + ahJ - tPbahJ 36
nfhf;F + ahJ - nfhf;fpahJ
khh;G + ahJ - khh;gpahJ
v/F + ahJ - v/fpahJ
jdpnkhopf;fz; kpah mirr; nrhy;yhy; tUtJ 1

37

6.Fw;wpaYfuk; - 36
 cfuk; jdf;Fhpa 1 khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J ½ khj;jpiuahf xypg;gJ. frljgw
vd;Dk; ty;nyOj;NjhL cfuk; $b xypg;gNj Fw;wpaYfuk;.

1. neby; njhlh; 7
2. Ma;jj; njhlh; 1
3. caph;j;njhlh; 11
4. td; njhlh; 6
5. nkd; njhlh; 6
6. ,ilj; njhlh; 5
(tfuk; ty;ypdj;Jld; tuhJ )
36

,Wjp vOj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; ve;j vOj;J ,Uf;fpwNj mijf; nfhz;Nl

Fw;wpaYfuk; ngah; ngWk;.

,uz;nlOj;jhy; epw;Fk; NghJ KjnyOj;J nel;nlOj;jhf mikAk;.

KjnyOj;J Fwpyhf mike;jhy; Kw;wpaYfuk; (GF> tpL)

,uz;nlOj;Jf;F Nky; te;J KjnyOj;J nebyhf mikAk; mij caph;j;

njhlh; vdf; $w Ntz;Lk;.

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Kw;wpaYfuk;.
 jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;J tUk; F> R> L> J> G> W Fw;wpaYfuk; MfhJ. Kw;wpaYfuk;
gR> jG> tpL> RL> nfhR
 jdpahf nrhw;fspd; ,Wjpapy; nky;ypd ,ilapd nka;apd; kPJ tUk; cfuKk;
Kw;wpaYfuk;.
js;S> fjT> tuT

7. Ifhuf; FWf;fk;.
I vd;Dk; vOj;J jd;id kl;Lk; xypf;Fk; NghJ jdf;Fhpa ,uz;L khj;jpiu
mstpypUe;J FiwahJ nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; 1 ½ khj;jpiuahfTk; ,ilapYk;
,WjpapYk; 1 khj;jpiuahf xypf;Fk;.

v.fh
nkhop Kjy; 1 ½ - Ie;J> Ith;> Ig;grp> Iah;
,il 1 - jiytd;> tisay;> fiyQh;> miykfs;
fil 1 - jpz;iz> Ftis> jtis> fliy

8. xsfhuf; FWf;fk;.
‘Xs” nkhopf;F Kjypy; kl;Lk; 1 ½ khj;jpiuahf FWFk;.

v.fh: xsitahh;> nfsjkp> xsljk;

Ifhuf; FWf;fk; - 3
(Kjy;> ,il> fil)
xsfhu FWf;fk; - 1
(Kjypy;)

9. kfuf; FWf;fk; - 3

nka;naOj;Jf;fSs; xd;whfpa kfuk; ½ khj;jpiu mstpdjhf xypf;ff; $baJ.

,J ¼ msthf xypf;Fk;.

zfu> dfu nka;fspd; gpd; tUk; kfuKk;.

tfuj;jpd; Nky; epw;Fk; kfuKk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; FWfp xypf;Fk;.

v.fh: kUz;k; - nrhy;ypy; mike;j kfuk;

Nghd;k; - vOj;jhy; FWfpa kfuk;

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(nra;Aspy; kUSk;> NghYk; vd;Dk; nrhw;fs; kUz;k;> Nghd;k; vdj; jphpAk;.

,t;tplq;fspy; epw;Fk; kfuk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;)

v.fh: jUk; tstd; - (tUnkhopapd; tfuj;jhy; FWfpaJ)

(epiy nkhopapy; ,Wjp kfunka; epw;Fk; NghJ tUnkhop Kjypy; tfuk;
njhlUkhdhy; epd;w kfunka; fhy; khj;jpiuahff; FiwAk;)

10.Ma;jf; FWf;fk; : 2
Ma;jk; jdf;Fhpa ½ khj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J ¼ khj;jpiu msthf xypg;gJ.

jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;J tUk; yfu> sfu <w;Wr; nrhw;fspd; Kd;

jfuj;ij Kjyhf cila tUnkhop GzUk; mg;NghJ yfu> sfuq;fs;
Ma;jkhfj; jphpAk;> mt;thW jphpAk; Ma;jk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; FWfp
xypf;Fk;. gpwF tUnkhopapy; cs;s jfuk; epiynkhopf; Nfw;g wfukhfTk;>
lfukhfTk; khwp GzUk;

v.fh my; + jpiz = m/wpiz

Ks; + jPJ = K/BJ> K/wPJ
fy; + jPJ = f/BJ> f/wPJ

5.tbtk; (cUtk;)
 jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs; njhd;W njhl;L vOjg;gl;L tUfpd;w thptbtNk vOj;jpd;
tbtkhFk;.
 vfuk;> xfuk; capnuOj;Jf;fSk;> nka; 18-k; Gs;sp ngw;W epw;Fk;.
 v; (Fwpy;) x;(Fwpy;) f;----d; (Gs;sp)
 jw;fhyj;jpy; nka; vOj;Jf;fs; Gs;sp ngw;Wk; vfu> xfuk; Gs;sp ,d;wpAk; (V>x)
vd vOjg; ngWfpd;wd.


6.khj;jpiu
vOj;Jf;fis xypf;Fk; (cr;rhpf;Fk;) fhy msNt khj;jpiu.
‘,ay;ngO khe;jh; ,ik nehb khj;jpiu”

1. capnusngil -3
2. neby; -2
3. Fwpy; -1
4. Ifhuf; FWf;fk;
5. xsfhuf; FWf;fk; -1
6. xw;wsngil
7. nka;
8. Fw;wpaypfuk;
9. Fw;wpaYfuk; -1/2

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10. Ma;jk;
11. kfuf; FWf;fk;
12. Ma;jf; FWf;fk;. -1/4

 caph;nka; neby; = 2
 caph;nka; Fwpy; =1
 capnusngil rpy ,lq;fspy; 4 khj;jpiu ngWk;

‘cd;dy; fhNy> Cd;wy; miuNa

KWf;fy; Kf;fhy;> tpLj;jy; xd;Nw” - ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpif.

7.Kjy; epiy
 nkhop Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs;> nka;naOj;Jf;fs; nkhopf;F Kjypy; tuhJ.
capUk;>
 caph;nka;ANk Kjyhf tUk;.

nkhopf;F KjyhFk; vOj;Jf;fs; : 22
caph; 12> nka;naOj;J 10 nkhj;jk; 22
caph; : m ------------xs
nka;: f>r>j>e>g>k>t>a>Q>q> 10
caph;: mzpy;> Mid> ,iy> <ry;.
nka; : fsp> rl;b> jsph;> eyk;> glk;> kiy> tsk;> atdh;> Qkyp( eha;) qdk; (,lk;).

tfu nka; - 8
tfuk; c> C> x> X>(T> T+> nth> Nth) my;;yhj vl;L caph;fNshL $b nkhopf;F
Kjypy; tUk;.
(v.fh) tz;L> ths;> tpop> tPo>; ntsp> Nts;> itfy;> ntsthy;.

afu nka; - (6)

 afuk; m> M> c> C> X> xs Mfpa MNwhLk; nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;.
 atdh;> ahid> Afk;> A+fp (mwpthsp)
 Nahfp> nastdk;( moF)
 f> r> j> e> g> k> Mfpa MWk; 12 caph; vOj;Jf;fNshL Nrh;e;J nkhopf;F
KjyhFk; 6X12 = 72
fz;> fhz;> fpsp> Fapy;..............
rq;F> rhk;gy;> rpq;fk;> rPgG
; .........

Qfu nka; - 4
m> M> v> x - Nrh;e;Jnkhop KjyhFk;.
Qkyp (eha;) Qhyk;> nQfpop (jP) nQhs;fpw;W (,isj;jy;)

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qfu nka; - 4
qfunka; m> ,> c> vd;Dk; Rl;bd; gpd;Dk; ah> v vd;Dk; tpdh vOj;Jf;fspd;
gpd;Dk; nkhopf;F KjyhFk;.
(v.fh )m> ,> c + qdk; = mq;qdk;> ,q;qdk; cq;qdk;.

nkhopf;F KjyhFk; vOj;Jf;fs;.

caph; 1X12 = 12
frj egk 6 X 12 = 72
qfuk; 1X1 =1
Qfuk; 1X 4 = 4
afuk; 1X 6 = 6
tfuk; 1X 8 = 8
103

8. ,Wjp epiy.
 jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs; gy cs;sd. MapDk; mit vy;yhk; nrhw;fspy; <whf
tUtjpy;iy.
 <w;wpy; tUfpd;w vOj;Jf;fs; ,Wjpepiy vOj;Jf;fs;.

,Wjpepiy vOj;Jf;fs; - 24

 jdpj;Jk; nka;NahL tUk; caph; - 12

 Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;> a;> u;> y;> t;> o;> s; nka;-11 24
 Fw;wpaYfuk; - 1

 M> <> C> V> I> X> xs - neby; jdpj;J <whapw;W

 tps> gyh> fpsp> fPhp> FL> G+> V> v> Nr> ij> neh> Nfh> nfs - capUld; nka;Ald;
$b <whapw;W
 chpQ;> kz;> nghUe;> kuk;> nghd;>Nta;> Nth;> gy;> njt;> tho;> ths; - nka;
jdpj;J <whapw;W
 v/F Fw;wpaYfu <W - 1
 m> ,> c> v> x> - Ie;Jk; msngilapy; <whFk;.
 vfuk; nka;Ald; $b <w;wpy; tUjy; ,y;iy
 xfuk; efuj;Jld; $b <w;wpy; tUk; e; +x = neh
 caph;nka;f;F nka; Kjy;> caph; ,WjpahFk;.v.fh f; +m = f

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9. ,ilepiy vOj;Jf;fs;
o nkhopapd; eLtpy; XnuOj;J kw;Nwhh; vOj;Jld; Nrh;e;J epw;gNj ,ilepiy
kaf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
o nka;Ald; nka; kaq;Fk; kaf;fNk ,ilepiy kaf;fk;. ,J cldpiy
nka;k;kaf;fk; Ntw;Wepiy nka;kaf;fk; vd ,U tifg;gLk;.
o f> r> j> g vd;Dk; ehd;Fk; my;yhj gjpdhd;F nka;fSk; kw;w
nka;naOj;Jf;fSld; $Lk; $l;lk; Ntw;Wepiy nka;kaf;fk;.
o u> o> jtph;j;J 16 nka;fSk; jk;Kld; $Lk; $l;lk; cldpiy nka;kaf;fk;.
o capUk;> nka;Ak; khwp kaq;Fk; kaf;fj;jpw;F tiuaiw ,y;iy.
o nka;Ald; nka; kaq;Fk; NghJ frjg vd;Dk; ehd;Fk; jk;NkhL jhNk kaq;Fk;.
o uo vd;git jk;Kld; gpw vOj;Jf;fs; kaq;Fk;
o kw;w gd;dpuz;L nka;fSk; jk;Kld; jhKk; gpwTk; kaq;Fk;.

1. jk;NkhL jhk; kaq;Ftd - f> r> j> g (Rf;F> fr;R> gj;J> cg;G)
2. jk;NkhL gpw kaq;Fjy; - u> o (Nrh;jy;> tho;jy;)
3. jk;NkhL jhKk; gpwTk; kaq;Ftd f> r> j> g> q> Q> l> z> e> k> a> y> t> s> w> d
(mq;qdk;> mq;F> kQ;iQ> kQ;rs;> gz;lk;> ge;jk;> uk;gk;> kd;wk;)

 q Kd; f kaq;Fk; - fq;fd;

 t Kd; a kaq;Fk; - tay;> njt;ahJ
 ‘qk;Kd; ft;thk; tk;Kd; at;Nt”
 Qfu> e> nka;fspd; Kd; mtw;wpw;F ,dkhd rfuKk;> jfuKk;> afuKk; kaq;Fk;.
 gQ;R> ge;J> chpQ;ahJ> nghUe;ahJ.
 Q e Kd; jk;kpdk; afunkhL MFk;.
 l> w Kd; frg nka;Ald; kaq;Fk;.

l- f> r> g - fl;fk;> fl;rp

w- f> r> g - fw;f> fw;fpwhh;.
z>d - l> w vd;gJld; f Kjy; VOk; kaq;Fk;.
d Kd; ,dk; f>r>Q>g>k>a>t>t tUk; (Gd>; fz;> Gd;wiy)
z Kd; ,dk; z- l> f> r> Q> g> k> a> t (tpz;L> tpz;fyk;> ntz;fyk;> ntz;Qkyp> ntz;gy;)

kfu nka; Kd; g> a> t kaq;Fk; ”(fk;gd;> fyk;ahJ)

‘kk;Kd; gat kaq;Fk; vd;g

a>u>o Kd;dh; nkhopf;F Kjyhfpa 10 nka;Ak; tUk;.

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tpiutpy; kw;w Unit Metrial ntspaplg;gLk;.

For further Details contact through whats up (or) msg

to 98 42 42 52 87

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tpiutpy; kw;w Unit Metrial ntspaplg;gLk;.

For further Details contact through

whats up (or) msg
to 98 42 42 52 87

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