GLRE^L@ RJ@DLFZGZL@

LQZFL@ KJRJ^LYLTL@ MLTJ^@HTLQ

DJ@IL@ MLQLGLF RRH (RL^TZQ R^JMLTZ^ZQ HMMH@J@Q)

Mlklglf H`i Ditujukl` Z`tuk Mjmj`ufi Tuils Rrlkgi`ik Kjpjrlwltl` Mltjr`itls Rldl
Rreirlm Qtudi Rrecjsi @jrs

EGJF ?

LXZ YLQTHTH JKL ME@HTFL (>2><21296)

R^EI^LM QTZDH R^ECJQH @J^Q

QTHKJQ NH@L QJFLT RR@H

MEOEKJ^TE TL >2><
 GJMNL^ RJ@IJQLFL@

Glperl` lsufl` Kjpjrlwltl` H`i di Tujukl` Egjf ?

@lml ? Lyu Ylstiti Jkl Me`itfl

@HM ? >2><21296

Rreirlm Q tudi ? R recjsi @ jrs

Oudug Lsufl` Kjpjrlwltl` ?

LQZFL@ KJRJ^LYLTL@ RLDL @X.F DJ@IL@ RL^TZQ R^JMLTZ^ZQ

HMMH@J@Q (RRH) DH ^ZL@I ILXLT^H ^ZMLF QLKHT YLFHDH@

QZDH^E FZQEDE MEOEKJ^TE

Tjglf Dipjriksl Dl` Di Qjtujui Qjnlili Tuils Rrlktik Kgi`ik Kjpjrlwltl` Mltjr`itls.

Mejekjrte, ...............................................>2><

Rrjajpter ^ul`il` Rrjajpter Lkldjmik

Rrjajpter ^ua`ia`

(…………………………………)
(…………………………………..)
Mj`ijtlfui,

Kjplgl ^ul`il`

(……………………………………)
 GLRE^L@ RJ@DLFZGZL@
RL^TZQ R^JMLTZ^ZQ HMMH@J@Q

<. KE@QJR RJ@XLKHT

L. Rj`ijrtil`
Mj`urut Exer` (>2<2), plrtus prjmlturus ltlu pjrslgi`l` prjmltur
dlplt dilrtikl` sjnlili dimugli`yl ke`trlksi utjrus yl`i tjrltur yl`i disjrtli
pj`dltlrl` dl` ltlu digltlsi sjrvix sjrtl turu``yl nlyi pldl wl`itl flmig yl`i
glml kjflmigl``yl kurl`i dlri 19 mi`iiu (kurl`i dlri >:8 flri) sjjlk flri pjrtlml
flid tjrlkfir.
Mj`urut @uirefe (>2<2) pjrslgi`l` prjtjrm ltlu plrtus prjmltur ldlglf
pjrslgi`l` yl`i tjrjldi pldl kjflmigl` kurl`i dlri 19 mi`iiu (l`tlrl >2-19 mi`iiu)

ltlu dj`il` njrlt jl`i` kurl`i dlri >:22 irlm. Rlrtus prjtjrm ldlglf kjglfirl` sjtjglf
>2 mi`iiu dl` sjnjgum kjflmigl` 19 mi`iiu dlri flri pjrtlml mj`strulsi tjrlkfir
(Nj`se`, >2<>).
Mj`urut ^ukiylf (>2<2), plrtus prjtjrm ldlglf pjrslgi`l` pldl umur kjflmigl`
kurl`i dlri 19 mi`iiu ltlu njrlt nldl` glfir l`tlrl :22->488 irlm.
N. Jtiegeii
Clkter rjsike RRH mj`urut Yik`jeslstre (>2<2) ylitu ?
<. Ol`i` dl` pglsj`tl ? pjrdlrlfl` trimjstjr lwlg, pjrdlrlfl` l`tjplrtum, KRD,
pjrtumnufl` jl`i` tjrflmnlt, alalt nlwll` jl`i`, ijmjgi, pegifidrlm`ie`
>. Hnu ? DM, prj jkglmpsil, FT, HQK, i`cjksi dj`il` djmlm, kjgli`l` nj`tuk utjrus,
riwlylt plrtus prjtjrm ltlu lnertus njrugl`i, i`kempjtj`si sjrviks, pjmlklil` enlt
`lrketik, trluml, pjrekek njrlt, kjgli`l` imu`/rjsus
@lmu` mj`urut @uirefe (>2<2) ldl njnjrlpl rjsike yl`i dlplt mj`yjnlnkl`
plrtus prjmlturus ylitu ?
<. Clkter rjsike mlyer ? Kjflmigl` mugtipgj, fidrlm`ie`, l`emlgi utjrus,
sjrviks tjrnukl gjnif dlri < am pldl kjflmigl` 1> mi`iiu, sjrviks
mj`dltlr/mjmj`djk kurl`i dlri < am pldl kjflmigl` 1> mi`iiu, riwlylt lnertus
pldl trimjstjr HH gjnif
 dlri < klgi, riwlylt pjrslgi`l` prjtjm sjnjgum`yl, epjrlsi lndemi`lg
pldl kjflmigl` prjtjrm, riwlylt epjrlsi ke`islsi, dl` iritlnigitls utjrus.
>. Clkter rjsike mi`er ? Rj`ylkit yl`i disjrtli djmlm, pjrdlrlfl` pjrvlii`lm sjtjglf
kjflmigl` <> mi`iiu, riwlylt pijge`jcritis, mjrekek gjnif dlri <2 nltl`i pjrflri,
riwlylt lnertus pldl trimjstjr HH, riwlylt lnertus pldl trimjstjr H gjnif dlri > klgi.
A. Ml`icjstlsi Kgi`is
Rlrtus prjmlturus imi`j` ditl`dli dj`il` ?
<. Ke`trlksi utjrus dj`il` ltlu tl`pl rlsl slkit
>. ^lsl njrlt dipl`iiug
1. Kjjl`i utjrus yl`i mirip dj`il` dismj`erjl
4. Kjgulr`yl alirl` pjrvlii`lm
:. @yjri pu`iiu`i
Ijjlgl diltls sl`ilt mirip dj`il` ke`disi `ermlg yl`i sjri`i geges dlri

kjwlspldll` tj`lil mjdis.

Mj`urut Ml`ulnl (>228), jikl presjs pjrslgi`l` njrkjgl`jutl` lkl` tjrjldi
tl`dl kgi`ik sjnlili njrikut ?
<. Ke`trlksi njrgl`isu`i sjkitlr 4 klgi pjr >2 mj`it ltlu 6 klgi dlglm sltu jlm
>. Tjrjldi pjrunlfl` preirjsic sjrviks sjpjrti pjmnukll` gjnif dlri < am,
pjrgu`lkl` sjkitlr 9:-62 % nlfkl` tjrjldi pj`ipisl` sjrviks.
D. Rltecisiegeii
Rjrslgi`l` prjmltur mj`u`jukkl` ldl`yl kjililgl` mjkl`ismj yl`i
njrtl`iiu`i jlwln u`tuk mjmpjrtlfl`kl` ke`disi tj`l`i utjrus sjglml kjflmigl`
ltlu ldl`yl il`iiul` yl`i mj`yjnlnkl` si`iklt`yl kjflmigl` ltlu mjmnjnl`i jlgur
pjrslgi`l`l` `ermlg sjfi`iil mjmiau dimugli`yl presjs pjrslgi`l` sjalrl di`i. Jmplt
jlgur tjrpislf, ylitu strjss, i`cjksi, rjil`il` dl` pjrdlrlfl` (@erwi`tz, >229).
J`zim siteki`i` dl` prestligl`di`, ruptur mjmnrl`, kjtunl` pjalf, lgirl`
dlrlf kj pglsj`tl yl`i njrkurl`i mj`ilkinltkl` `yjri dl` i`tegjrl`si
lkticitls yl`i mj`imnugkl` ke`trlksi utjrus, sjfi`iil mj`yjnlnkl` pjrslgi`l`
prjmltur.
Lkinlt dlri pjrslgi`l` prjmltur njrdlmplk pldl jl`i` dl` pldl inu. Rldl jl`i`,
mj`yjnlnkl` kjglfirl` yl`i njgum pldl wlktu`yl sjfi`iil tjrjliglf
imlturitls

jlri`il` pldl jl`i`. Qlglf sltu dlmplk`yl tjrjldiglf mlturitls plru yl`i mj`yjnlnkl`
 rjsike aidjrl pldl jl`i`. Qjdl`ikl` pldl inu, rjsike ti`iii pldl kjsjfltl`
yl`i mj`yjnlnkl` l`sijtls dl` kurl`i`yl i`cermlsi tj`tl`i kjflmigl`
mj`ilkinltkl` kurl`i`yl pj`ijtlful` u`tuk mjrlwlt dl` mj`jlil kjsjfltl` sllt
kjflmigl`.
J. RLTFYLX

---Clkter jiln`ui` & -- Clkter mley`er

pglsj`tl

Kjflmigl` 7 19 mi`iiu

Rlrtus mlturus Hmmi`j`s

^l`isl`il` pldl utjrus Krisis situlsie`lg

Ke`trlksi Ztjrus Mk? L`sijtls

Rrestligl`di` Mk? Kurl`i pj`ijtlful`

Digltlsi Qjrviks

Mk? @yjri Lkut

Kjfigl`il` j`jrii Mk? H`tegjrl`si

njrgjnifl` Lktivitls
C. Rjmjriksll` Rj`u`jl`i
<. Zgtrlse`eirlci ? Rj`ikljil` ijtlsi (dj`il` njrlt nldl` jl`i` :22 slmpli >:22 irlm)
>. Tjs `itrlzi` ? mj`j`tukl` KRD
1. Oumglf sjg dlrlf putif ? Oikl mj`ilglmi pj`i`ikltl`, mlkl itu mj`l`dlkl`
ldl`yl i`cjksi lm`iesj`tjsis ylitu rldie gjsiti` tjrfldlp sci`iemijgi` (G/Q)
mj`djtjksi cecltidiigisjreg (RI) u`tuk mlturitls plru jl`i`, ltlu i`cjksi lm`ietia
4. Rjml`tlul` jgjktre`ik ? mjmclgidlsi lkticitls utjrus/stltus jl`i`.
I. Rj`ltlglksl`ll`
• ^jfidrlsi dl` tirlf nlri`i
Z`tuk mjmpjrtlfl`kl` kjldll` umum inu dl` mj`iurl`ii crjkuj`si ke`trlksi
yl`i nisl timnug klrj`l lkticitls plsij`.
• Tjrlpi Kertikestjreid

Tjrlpi kertikestjreid dinjrikl` nigl usil kjflmigl` 71: mi`iiu.

Dinjrikl` u`tuk mjmpjrajplt pjmltl`il` plru jl`i`
- Njtlmjtflse`j <> mi < M tilp >4 jlm sjglml 46 jlm
- Djxlmjtflse`j 3 mi < M tilp <> jlm sjglml 46 jlm
Jcjk eptimlg tjrjldi sjtjglf >4 jlm pjmnjril` tjrlkfir mj`alpli pu`alk dlglm
46 jlm dl` njrtlfl` slmpli 9 flri.
Rjmnjril` ugl`i kertikestjreid tidlk njriu`l, nlfkl` dlplt mj`iil`iiu
pjrkjmnl`il` meterik dl` psikemeterik jl`i`.
• Tekegitik
Njrikl` tekegitik nigl ? kjflmigl` 71: mi`iiu, digltlsi sjrviks 71am, tidlk ldl
lm`ie`itis, prj-jkglmpsil, ltlu pjrdlrlfl` lktic, tidlk ldl ilwlt jl`i`.
<. Njtlmimjtik (ritredi`j, tjrnutlgi`j)
>. Mli`jsium Qugclt
Rjmnjril` flrus dilwlsi dj`il` kjtlt mjglgui pjmjriksll` rjcgjk pltjgl, crjkuj`si
pjr`lplsl`, preduksi uri`j.
Flrus tjrsjdil l`tidetium klgsium iguke`lt <2 mg dlglm glrutl` <2%.
1. H`demjtflai`j
 Rjmnjril` dlplt pjrerlg ltlu pjrjktlg. Desis :2 - <22 mi diikuti dj`il`
pjmnjril` sjglml >4 jlm yl`i tidlk mjgjnifi >22 mi. Rjmnjril`
H`demjtflai`j sjglml 9 flri ltlu gjnif pldl kjflmigl` 7 11 mi`iiu tidlk
mj`i`ikltkl` rjsike mjdis pldl `je`ltus (L.N Q ylicuddi`, >22>).
4. Algaium Aflrjg Ngekjr
Lkticitls miemjtrium njrjlksi gl`isu`i dj`il` klgsium njnls dlglm sitepglsml
dl` pj`uru`l` kldlr klgsium mj`yjnlnkl` tjrflmnlt`yl ke`strlksi utjrus.
:. @icjdipi`j
@icjdipi`j ldlglf tekegitik yl`i gjnif lml` dl` jcjktic disnl`di`i
njtlmimjtik. Rjmnjril` @icjdipi`j jlri`il` diiu`lkl` njrslml dj`il` MiQE4
klrj`l lkl` mjmpjrkult jcjk ngekldj `juremuskugjr yl`i dlplt mj`iil`iiu
cu`isi jl`tu`i dl` plru. Desis @icjdipi`j >2 mi pjrerlg sjtipl 3 jlm slmpli
ke`strlksi utjrus mj`ifigl`i.
 KE@QJR
LQZFL@
L. Rj`ikljil` KJRJ^LYLTL@
l. L`lm`jsl

- Niedltl kgij` (@lml,Zmur, jj`is kjglmi`, lilml, pj`didikl` dgg)

n. Kjgufl` utlml?
inu mj`ijguf pjrut`yl tjrlsl kj`aj`i dl` kjgulr dlrlf ltlu gj`djr dlri kjmlgul`
dj`il` usil kjflmigl` >2-14 mi`iiu.
a. ^iwlylt Kjsjfltl`
Rjr`lf / sjdl`i mj`djritl pj`ylkit dilnjtjs, fipjrtj`si, pj`ylkit jl`tu`i ltlu plru,
pj`ylkit i`cjksi kjglmi` (egjf triafeme`ls, strjpteaeaaus, ie`eaeaaus).
d. ^iwlylt Kjsjfltl` Kjgulril
Ldl`yl i`cjksi mj`uglr dlglm kjgulril dlplt mj`yjnlnkl` pjrslgi`l` prjtjrm lplnigl

inu flmig tjrtuglr i`cjksi. Qjpjrti TNA, p`jume`il, dgg.

j. ^iwlylt Enstjtri

l) ^iwlylt Flid

Qugistylwlti dl` @uirlfj`y (>2<2) mj`iltlkl` pj`ikljil` riwlylt flid mjgiputi ?

Mj`lrafj diml`l umum`yl usil pjrtlml klgi mj`strulsi di H`de`jsil ldlglf umur
<>-<3 tlfu`, sikgus flid `ermlg >< flri fi`iil 12 flri, tjrltur. Glml flid sjkitlr >
flri slmpli 9 flri plgi`i glml <: flri. Nl`ylk dlrlf yl`i dikjgulrkl` <2mG
fi`iil 62mG pjr flri. Kjgufl` njrupl rlsl slkit, dismi`erjl primjr ltlu tidlk

mjrlslkl` slkit pldl pjrut yl`i njrgjnifl` mlupu` tidlk ldl kjgufl`.
n) ^iwlylt Kjflmigl` Qjklrl`i

^iwlylt kjflmigl` sjklrl`i mjgiputi ? FRFT dl` sikgus flid `ermlg, ijrlk jl`i`
dirlslkl` ≪<2 ijrlkl` dlglm <> jlm, tidlk mj`ilglmi mlslglf dl` tl`dl-tl`dl
nlflyl, mjrlslkl` kjgufl`kjgufl` glzim pldl kjflmigl` ; tidlk mjrekek,
mj`iesumsi enltenltl` tjrglrl`i (tjrmlsuk jlmu-jlmul`) dl` mi`um-mi`uml`
njrlgkefeg; kjkflwltirl` gli` yl`i dirlslkl`. (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2)
Rldl inu flmig dj`il` RRH nilsl`yl mjmpu`yli riwlylt kjflmigl`

il`dl, fidrlm`ie`, prj-jkglmpsil, pjrdlrlfl` l`tjplrtum sjpjrti segusie

pglsj`tl,
 pglsj`tl prjvil, pjalf`yl si`us mlrii`lgis, kjtunl` pjalf di`i,
sjrviks i`kempjtj`sil, i`cjksi pldl vlii`l lsj`dj` (@uirefe, >2<2).

a) ^iwlylt Kjflmigl` Rjrslgi`l` dl` @icls yl`i Glgu

Oumglf kjflmigl`, l`lk yl`i glfir fidup, pjrslgi`l` yl`i ltjrm pjrgu diklji

mj`urut ^ukiylf, dkk (>2<2). ^iwlylt yl`i `ermlg ldlglf jumglf kjflmigl` ≤ 4,
jumglf pjrslgi`l` ≤ 1, dl` pjrslgi`l` sjrtl `icls tjrdlfugu `ermlg tidlk ldl
pj`yugit. Rldl inu dj`il` RRH ldl`yl riwlylt lnertus njrugl`i dl` pjrlwltl`
prj`ltlg alrj yl`i nuruk (Yik`jslstre, >2<>). Rldl inu flmig dj`il` RRH
mjmigiki riwlylt lnertus pldl trimjstjr HH gjnif dlri < klgi, riwlylt
pjrslgi`l` prjtjrm sjnjgum`yl, epjrlsi lndemi`lg pldl kjflmigl` prjtjrm
(@uirefe, >2<2)
c. ^iwlylt Rjrklwi`l` ^iwlylt
pjrklwi`l` pjrgu diklji u`tuk mj`dlpltkl` ilmnlrl` mj`ij`li sulsl`l rumlf
tl`iil, yl`i pjrgu diklji ldlglf usil `iklf pjrtlml klgi, stltus pjr`iklfl` slf ltlu
tidlk klrj`l lkl` mjmpj`ilrufi psikegeiis`yl, glml pjr`iklfl`, dl` pjrklwi`l`
yl`i kj njrlpl. (Lmnlrwlti dl` Yugl`dlri, >2<2 dl` Qugistylwlti dl` @uirlfj`y,

>2<2) Rldl inu flmig dj`il` RRH tjrjldi <:% tjrjldi pjrslgi`l` prjmltur pldl
klwi` tidlk slf
(@uirefe, >2<2).
i. ^iwlylt Kjgulril Njrj`al`l (KN) KN tjrlkfir yl`i diiu`lkl`, jikl pldl kjflmigl`
pjrgu juil ditl`ylkl` rj`al`l KN sjtjglf mjglfirkl` ylitu KN yl`i tidlk mj`iil`iiu
presjs glktlsi. (Fl`i, dkk, >2<<)
f. Regl Rjmj`ufl` Kjnutufl` Qjflri-Flri

l) Regl @utrisi

Rldl inu flmig pj`i`ikltl` ke`sumsi mlkl`l` fi`iil 122 klgeri pjr
flri, mj`ie`sumsi mlkl`l` yl`i mj`il`du`i pretji`, zlt njsi, mi`um aukup
alirl` (mj`u sjimnl`i) (Qlicuddi`, >228). Rldl inu yl`i kurl`i
iizi dlplt mjmpj`ilrufi tjrjldi`yl RRH (@uirefe, >2<2).

n) Regl Jgimi`lsi

Te`us dl` metigitls glmnu`i mj`uru` sjrtl usus tjrjldi rjlnsernsi zlt mlkl`l`,
pjristlgtik usus gjnif glmnlt sjfi`iil mj`yjnlnkl` enstiplsi. Rj`jkl`l` kl`du`i
kjmif klrj`l pj`ilruf ferme` jstreij` dl` preijstjre` sjfi`iil mj`yjnlnkl`
 sjri`i NLK (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2). Rldl inu flmig dj`il` RRH nilsl`yl disjnlnkl`
egjf ldl`yl i`cjksi slgurl` kjmif ltlu nlktjri`uril (Yik`jeslsttre, >2<>).

a) Regl Lktivitls

Yl`itl flmig negjf njkjrjl, tjtlpi jl`il` tjrglmplu njrlt. Rj`jkl`l` pldl giilmj`

dl` pjgvia, alrl njrnlri`i, duduk, njrjlgl`, njrdiri difi`dlri jl`il` slmpli
mj`ilkinltkl` i`juri klrj`l jltuf (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2). Rldl inu flmig dj`il`
RRH nlil`yl mjglkukl` pjkjrjll` yl`i tjrglgu njrlt (@uirefe, >2<2).

d) Regl Hstirlflt dl` Tidur

Rldl inu flmig sjnlik`yl nl`ylk mj`iiu`lkl` wlktu gul`i`yl u`tuk nl`ylk
istirlflt ltlu tidur wlglu nukl` tidur njtugl` fl`yl nlri`ikl` nldl`
u`tuk mjmpjrnliki sirkuglsi dlrlf. (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2)

j) Regl Qjksulg

Mj`urut Kusmiylti, dkk (>2<2) sjglml kjflmigl` njrjlgl` `ermlg,

keitus dipjrnegjfkl` slmpli lkfir kjflmigl`. Keitus tidlk dinj`lrkl` nigl
tjrdlplt
pjrdlrlfl` pjrvlii`lm, tjrdlplt riwlylt lnertus njrugl`i, lnertus/plrtus
prjmlturus immi`j`s, kjtunl` pjalf, sjrviks tjglf mjmnukl. Rldl inu dj`il` RRH
nilsl`yl crjkuj`si funu`il` sjksulg njrgjnifl` tjrutlml pldl usil kjflmigl` tul
dl` dj`il` pesisi yl`i tidlk lml`.

c) Regl Fyiij`j

Mj`jlil kjnjrsifl` diri pj`ti`i tjrutlml gipltl` kugit (kjtilk, nlwlf nulf dldl,

dljrlf ij`itlgil) dj`il` alrl mjmnjrsifkl` dj`il` lir dl`

dikjri`ikl`. (Qlicuddi`, >228)

i) Regl Fidup Qjflt

Ilyl fidup sjpjrti pjrekek, mj`ie`sumsi enlt-enltl`, lgkefeg ldlglf flg yl`i
sl`ilt njrnlflyl nlii inu dl` nlyi`yl. (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2). Rldl inu dj`il` RRH
nilsl`yl pjrekek njrlt ltlu gjnif dlri <2 nltl`i/flri (Yik`jslstre, >2<>).

f) Dltl Rsikesesilg Dl` Qpiritulg

Kjldll` sesilg nudlyl u`tuk mj`ijtlfui kjldll` psikesesilg pjrgu ditl`ylkl` ?

jumglf l`iietl kjgulril, duku`il` merig dl` mltjrig kjgulril, pl`dl`il` dl`
 pj`jrimll` kjgulril tjrfldlp kjflmigl`, kjnilsl` yl`i mj`iu`tu`ikl` dl` mjruiikl`, pl`dl`il` tjrfldlp klflm
>226 dl` ^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2). i) Dltl Rj`ijtlful` Rj`ijtlful` wl`itl flmig
mj`j`tukl` kjnutufl` njgljlr wl`itl tjrsjnut. (Slr`jy, dkk, >229)

N. Rjmjriksll` Cisik
<) Rjmjriksll` Zmum ?

l) Kjldll` Zmum
Kjldll` umum nlik jikl mj`u`jukkl` rjspe` yl`i nlik ltlu nuruk tjrfldlp
gi`iku`il` erl`i gli`.

n) Kjsldlrl` Aempesmj`tis/ kjsldlrl` mlksimlg. (Qugistyewlti dl` @uirlfj`y, >2<2)

a) NN Qjnjgum /Qllt i`i
Kj`likl` NN sjglml flmig rltl-rltl 8 slmpli <1,: ki (sjglml TM HHH 8,: ki).
Mlkl`l` dipjrgukl` u`tuk pjrtumnufl` jl`i`, pglsj`tl, utjrus, nulf dldl,
dl` kj`likl` mjtlnegismj (Rl`tilwlti dl` Qlrye`e, >2<2).

d) TN
Zkurl` `ermlg ti`iii nldl` yl`i nlik u`tuk inu flmig ylitu 0 <4: am. TN inu flmig
7 <4: am njrjsike mjmigiki pl`iiug sjmpit (^ukiylf, dkk, >2<2)

j) HMT
HMT `ermlg ldlglf <8,6 slmpli >3. (Nenlk dkk >22:)

c) GHGL Qtl`dlr mi`imlg u`tuk ukurl` GHGL pldl wl`itl djwlsl ltlu usil
rjpreduksi ldlglf >1,: am. (Kusmiylti, dkk, >2<2)
>) Tl`dl Sitlg

l) <22/32 - <42/82 mmFi (Oef`se` dl` Tlyger, >22:)

n) @ldi `ermlg pldl erl`i djwlsl 32-<22 klgi/mj`it. (Lmnlrwlti dl` Yugl`dlri,
>2<2)

a) Qufu mltjr`lg dlplt mj`i`iklt 2,:²A (sufu `ermlg 13,8²A slmpli 19,<²A) (Nglak
Nur` dl` Gepjr (<88>) dlglm Oef`se` dl` Tlyger (>22:)). Rldl inu dj`il` RRH
ldl`yl djmlm yl`i lkut (Exer`, >2<2).
 d) Rjr`lclsl` njrgl`isu`i gjnif dlglm, crjkuj`si tidlk njrunlf sjkitlr kirl-kirl <>->2
klgi pjrmj`it. (Oef`se` dl` Tlyger >22:)
1) Qtltus Rrjsj`t

l) Kjplgl ? mjsesjplg, rlmnut wlr`l fitlm, njrsif, tidlk mudlf re`tek.

n) Mukl ? simjtris, tidlk ejdjml, pldl inu dj`il` RRH yl`i mj`ilglmi l`jmil mlkl
wljlf`yl lkl` pualt.

a) Mltl ? ke`ju`itivl pualt nigl l`jmil, skgjrl putif, njrsif, tidlk ditjmukl` nj`iklk,
tidlk ldl il`iiul` pj`igifltl`.

d) Fidu`i ? njrsif, tidlk ditjmukl` pegip, tidlk ditjmukl` tl`dl i`cjksi, tidlk ldl `lcls
aupi`i fidu`i.

j) Mugut ? ninir mjrlf mudl, ninir gjmnln, wlr`l gidlf kjmjrlfl`, gidlf njrsif, iiii
njrsif, tidlk ditjmukl` alrijs, tidlk nlu mugut, tidlk ldl stemltitis.

c) Tjgi`il ? njrsif, tidlk ditjmukl` il`iiul` pj`dj`ilrl`, tidlk ditjmukl` tl`dl

i`cjksi.

i) Gjfjr ? tidlk ditjmukl` pjmnjslrl` kjgj`jlr gimcj, kjgj`jlr tireid, dl` vj`l
juiuglris. Dldl ? simjtris, dj`yut jl`tu`i `ermlg, tidlk ldl rjtrlksi di`di`i dldl.

f) Rlyudlrl ? nj`tuk simjtris, tidlk tjrlnl mlsl, tidlk ditjmukl` `yjri tjkl`, njrsif.
i) Rjrut ? nj`tuk simjtris, tidlk ditjmukl` gukl njkls epjrlsi, tidlk ditjmukl`
nj`jegl` ln`ermlg.

j) Ij`jtlgil ? njrsif, tidlk ditjmukl` tl`dl-tl`dl i`cjksi, tidlk ldl fjmereid.

k) Jkstrjmitls ? ltls (tidlk ditjmukl` kjgli`l`, nj`tuk simjtris, turier nlik) Nlwlf
(nj`tuk simjtris, tidlk ditjmukl` edjml dl` vlrisjs, turier nlik)

g) L`us ? tidlk ditjmukl` fjmereid, njrsif (Qugistyewlti dl` @uirlfj`i, >2<2 dl`
Nljty, >2<>)

m) ^jcgjk Rltjgl ? Mj`urut Rettjr dl` Rjrry (>22:) rjcgjk pltjgl +< (`ermlg rj`dlf
dj`il` sjdikit ke`trlksi etet), dl` +> (`ermlg dj`il` kjkultl` etet yl`i dlplt
tjrgiflt dl` ijrlkl` gj`il` ltlu tu`ikli).
4) Qtltus Enstjtrik

l) H`spjksi/Rjriksl
 - Rl`dl`i Mukl ? tjrdlplt kgelsml irlvidlrum, tidlk ldl ejdjml wljlf, tidlk
pualt.

- Mlmlj ? nj`tuk nulf dldl nuglt, simjtris, fipjrpiimj`tlsi puti`i susu dl`
ljregl, puti`i susu mj`e`jeg, kegestrum sudlf kjgulr.

- Lndemj` ? mj`jil`i, pjmnjslrl` utjrus sjsuli usil kjflmigl`, strilj dl`

gi`jl irlvidlrum

- Sugvl ? kjldll` pjri`jum tidlk ldl tl`dl i`cjksi, tidlk ldl vlrisjs, tidlk ldl
ke`digemltl, ltlu cgeur `ermlg. Rldl inu flmig dj`il` RRH ldl`yl
pj`ijgulrl` gj`dir kjmjrlfl` ltlu alirl` pjrvlii`lm. Rldl pjmjriksll`
dlglm, pj`dltlrl`
:2-62 % ltlu gjnif, pjmnukll` >am ltlu gjnif (Qljcuddi`, >228) (Z@RLD,
>2<< dl` Nljty, >2<>)

n) Rlgplsi

- Gjepegd H ? u`tuk mj`j`tukl` ti`iii cu`dus utjri sjfi`iil dlplt dikjtlfui

tul`yl kjflmigl`. Qjgli` itu dlplt ditj`tukl` nliil` jl`i` yl`i tjrgjtlk pldl
cu`dus utjri. Nigl kjplgl tjrlnl nj`dl nuglt dl` kjrls, lplnigl neke`i tjrlnl
nuglt dl` gu`lk.

- Gjepegd HH ? u`tuk mj`j`tukl` nltls slmpi`i utjrus dl` dlplt pugl

ditj`tukl` gjtlk pu`iiu`i jl`i` yl`i mjmnujur dlri ltls kj nlwlf
mj`ifunu`ikl`
neke`i dj`il` kjplgl.

- Gjepegd HHH? Z`tuk mj`j`tukl` nliil` jl`i` yl`i njrldl di nlwlf rlfim.

- Gjepegd HS? Z`tuk mj`j`tukl` nliil` tjrnlwlf jl`i` lpl dl` njrlpl jluf
sudlf mlsuk pi`tu ltls pl`iiug. Nigl njgum mlsuk, tjrlnl nlggetjmj`t kjplgl.
(Yik`jeslstre, >2<>)

- TCZ ? Lplnigl usil kjflmigl` di nlwlf >4 mi`iiu pj`iukurl`

diglkukl` dj`il` jlri, tjtlpi lplnigl 12 kjflmigl` di ltls >4 mi`iiu mjmlkli
pj`iukurl` mla de`lgd ylitu dj`il` alrl mj`iukur ti`iii cu`dus mjmlkli
am dlri ltls simpisis kj cu`dus utjri kjmudil` ditj`tukl` sjsuli rumus`yl.
(Djpkjs ^H,>22< dlglm ^ukiylf, >228)

a) Luskugtlsi
 Dj`yut Ol`tu`i Ol`i` (DOO) `ermlg <<2-<32 klgi pjrmj`it (Nenlk, dkk, >22:).
Ru`atum mlksimum (RM), tjmplt diml`l DOO plgi`i kjrls tjrdj`ilr nilsl`yl di
pu`iiu`i jl`i`. Rldl prjsj`tlsi vjrtjks, DOO tjrdj`ilr di nlwlf umnigikus inu, nlik
pldl kuldrl` nlwlf kiri ltlu kl`l` lndemj`. (Nenlk, dkk, >22:). Rldl kjflmigl`
cisiegeiis RM njrjumglf < mj`u`jukkl` jl`i` tu`iilg.
:) Rjmjriksll` dili`estia
- Zgtrlse`eirlci ? Rj`ikljil` ijtlsi (dj`il` njrlt nldl` jl`i` :22 slmpli
>:22 irlm)
- Tjs `itrlzi` ? mj`j`tukl` KRD
- Oumglf sjg dlrlf putif ? Oikl mj`ilglmi pj`i`ikltl`, mlkl itu mj`l`dlkl`
ldl`yl i`cjksi lm`iesj`tjsis ylitu rldie gjsiti` tjrfldlp sci`iemijgi` (G/Q)
mj`djtjksi cecltidiigisjreg (RI) u`tuk mlturitls plru jl`i`, ltlu i`cjksi lm`ietik.
- Rjml`tlul` jgjktre`ik ? mjmclgidlsi lkticitls utjrus / stltus jl`i`.

1 Dili`esl Kjpjrlwltl`
<. @yjri lkut n.d lij` i`juri (cisik, niegeiis, kimil, psikegeiis), ke`trlksi etet dl`
jcjk enlt-enltl`.
>. H`tegjrl`si lktivitls n.d fipjrsj`sitivitls etet/sjgugjr, tirlf nlri`i, kjgjmlfl`
1. L`sijtls, kjtlkutl` n.d krisis situlsie`lg, l`alml` y`i dirlslkl` ltlu lktulg pldl
diri dl` jl`i`.
4. Kurl`i pj`ijtlful` mj`ij`li pjrslgi`l` prjtjrm, kjnutufl` ti`dlkl` dl` prei`esis
n.d kurl`i`yl kji`ii`l` u`tuk mj`alri i`cermlsi, tidlk mj`ijtlfui sumnjr-sumnjr
i`cermlsi.
1.1 H`tjrvj`si Kjpjrlwltl`
<. @yjri Lkut

^j`al`l Kjpjrlwltl`
Dili`esl
Kjpjrlwltl` Tujul` dl` Kritjril
Flsig H`tjrvj`si

@yjri lkut @EA ? @HA ?

njrfunu`il` l. Rli` l. Glkukl` pj`ikljil` `yjri
dj`il` lij` Gjvjg, sjalrl kemprjfj`sic tjrmlsuk
i`juri (cisik, kimil,
n. pli` geklsi, klrlktjristik, durlsi, crjkuj`si, kulgitls dl` clkte
niegeiis, ae`treg,

kpsei`kterlgekisis ), a.etet
gjvjg aemcert n. pErnjsjiprvitlsi rjlksi `e`vjrnlg
dl` jcjk Qjtjglf diglkukl` dlri kjtidlk`ylml`l`
enlt- enltl`. ti`clkl` kjpjrlwltl` a. Nl`tu plsij` dl`
sjglml …. Rlsij` kjgulril u`tuk
tidlk mj`ilglmi `yjri, mj`alri dl`
dj`il` kritjril flsig? mj`jmukl` duku`il`
l. Mlmpu d. Ke`treg gi`iku`il` yl`i
mj`ie`treg dlplt mjmpj`ilrufi `yjri
`yjri (tlfu pj`yjnln sjpjrti sufu rul`il`,
`yjri, mlmpu pj`alflyll` dl` kjnisi`il`
mj`iiu`lkl` tjf`ik j. Kurl`ii clkter prjsipitlsi
`e`clrmlkegeii `yjri
u`tuk mj`iurl`ii c. Klji tipj dl` sumnjr
`yjri, mj`alri `yjri u`tuk mj`j`tukl`
nl`tul`) i`tjrvj`si
n. Mjglper i. Ljlrkl` tj`tl`i tjk`ik
kl` nlfwl `yjri `e` clrmlkegeii? `lpls
njrkurl`i dlgl, rjglkslsi, distrlksi,
kemprjs fl`ilt/ di`ii`
dj`il` f. Njrikl` l`lgijtik
mj`iiu`lkl` u`tuk mj`iurl`ii `yjri?
ml`ljjmj` `yjri ……...
a. Mlmpu i. Ti`ikltkl` istirlflt

(m(skj`lgilj,` lgi i`tj``siy j. N`yjrirki ls`j pjri`tic eprjm`lysjin lnt

tljrsi, j`ytlj`rii,
crjkuj`si dl` njrlpl glml `yjri lkl`
tl`dl njrkurl`i dl` l`tisiplsi
`yjri) kjtidlk`ylml`l` dlri
d. Mj`yltl presjdur
kl` rlsl `ylml` k. Me`iter vitlg sii` sjnjgum
sjtjglf `yjri dl` sjsudlf pjmnjril`
njrkurl`i l`lgijsik
j. Tl`dl pjrtlml klgi
vitlg dlglm
rj`tl`i
`ermlg
c. Tidlk
mj`ilglmi il`iiul`
tidur
>. H`tegjrl`si lktivitls
 ^j`al`l Kjpjrlwltl`
Dili`esl
Kjpjrlwltl` Tujul` dl` Kritjril
Flsig H`tjrvj`si

H`tegjrl`si lktivitls @EA ? @HA ?

njrfunu`il` dj`il` fipjrsj`sitivitls
l. Qjgc l. Ensjrvlsi ldl`yl pjmnltlsl` kgij` dlglm mjglkukl` lktivi
Alrj ? LDGs
n. Tegjrl n. Klji ldl`yl clkter yl`i
etet/sjgugjr, tirlf`si lktivitlsmj`yjnlnkl` kjgjglfl`
nlri`i, kjgjmlfl`a.Ke`sjr a. Me`iter `utrisi dl` sumnjr
vlsi j`jjriij`jrii yl`i ldjkult
 Qjtjglf diglkukl` d. Me`iter plsij` lkl`
ti`dlkl` ldl`yl kjgjglfl` cisik
kjpjrlwltl` sjglml dl` jmesi sjalrl
…. Rlsij` njrgjnifl`
njrtegjrl`si j. Me`iter rjspe`
tjrfldlp lktivitls klrdivlskugjr
dj`il` tjrfldlp lktivitls (tlkiklrdi,
Kritjril Flsig ? disritmil, sjslk `lcls, dilperjsis,
l. Njrplr pualt, pjrunlfl` fjmedi`lmik)
tisiplsi dlglm c. Me`iter pegl tidur dl` glml`yl
lktivitls cisik tidur/istirlflt plsij`
tl`pl disjrtli i. Keglnerlsikl` dj`il` Tj`lil
pj`i`ikltl` ^jflnigitlsi Mjdik dlglm
tjkl`l` dlrlf, mjrj`al`lkl` preirl`
`ldi dl` ^^ tjrlpi yl`i tjplt.
n. Mlmp f. Nl`tu kgij` u`tuk
u mjglkukl` mj`iidj`ticiklsi lktivitls
lktivitls sjflri yl`i mlmpu diglkukl`
flri (LDGs) i. Me`iter rjspe` cisik,
sjalrl jmesi, sesilg dl` spiritulg
ml`diri
a. Kjsji
mnl`il`

lktivitls dl`

istirlflt

1. L`sijtls

^j`al`l Kjpjrlwltl`
Dili`esl
Kjpjrlwltl` Tujul` dl`
Kritjril H`tjrvj`si
L`sijtls, Flsig @HA
kjtlkutl` @EA ? ?
njrfunu`il` l. L`xijty ae`treg d. Mj`ie`treg
dj`il` krisis n. Cjlr ae`treg
situlsie`lg, Qjtjglf diglkukl`
l`alml` y`i ti`dlkl`
dirlslkl` ltlu kjpjrlwltl`
lktulg pldl diri sjglml......tlkut
dl` kgij` tjrltlsi dj`il`
jl`i`. kritjril flsig ?
l. Mjmigiki
i`cermlsi u`tuk
mj`iurl`ii tlkut
n. Mj`iiu`lkl`
tjf`ik rjglkslsi
a. Mjmpjrtlfl`kl`
funu`il` sesilg dl`
cu`isi pjrl`
Aepi`i J`fl`ajmj`t pjriglku u`tuk mj`iurl`ii tlkut
l. Ojglskl` pldl plsij` plsij` d. Qjdilkl` pjrlwltl` yl`i
njrkjsi`lmnu`il`
presjs pj`ylkit dl` kjgulril j. Kurl`ii stimuglsi
n. Ojglskl` sjmul a. Qjdilkl` gi`iku`il` yl`i dlplt
tjs rj`i`cerajmj` mj`yjnlnkl` misi`tjrprjstlsi
dl` t pesitic c. Dere`i mj`iu`iklpkl`
pj`ienltl` kjtikl plsij` sjalrl vjrnlg pjrlsll`, pjrsjpsi
mjglkukl` dl` rlsl
pldl

rjspe` tlkut t l ku t ` y l
i. R j r k j ` l gkl` dj`il` erl`i
yl`i
mj`ilglmi pj`ylkit yl`i slml
f. Dere`i kgij` u`tuk mjmprlktjkl` tjf`ik rjglkslsi

4. Kurl`i pj`ijtlful`

^j`al`l Kjpjrlwltl`
Dili`esl
Kjpjrlwltl` Tujul` dl`
Kritjril H`tjrvj`si
Kurl`i Flsig @HA
@EA? ?
pj`ijtlful` l. Kewgw l. Klji ti`iklt pj`ijtlful`
mj`ij`li dij ? disjlsj preajss plsij` dl` kjgulril
pjrslgi`l` n. Kewgj n. Ojglskl` pltecisiegeii dlri
prjtjrm, kjnutufl` dij ? pj`ylkit dl` nliliml`l flg i`i
ti`dlkl` dl` fjlgtf Njflvier njrfunu`il` dj`il` l`ltemi
prei`esis Qjtjglf diglkukl` dl` cisiegeii, dj`il` alrl yl`i
njrfunu`il` ti`dlkl` tjplt.
dj`il` kjpjrlwltl` sjglml a. Ilmnlrkl` tl`dl dl`
kurl`i`yl …. plsij` ijjlgl yl`i nilsl mu`aug pldl
kji`ii`l` mj`u`jukkl` pj`ylkit,
u`tuk pj`ijtlful` tj`tl`i dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
mj`alri presjs pj`ylkit d. Ilmnlrkl` p resjs pj`ylkit,
i`cermlsi, tidlk dj`il` kritjril flsig? dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
mj`ijtlfui l. Rlsij` j. Hdj`ticiklsi kjmu`iki`l`
sumnjr-sumnjr dl` pj`yjnln, dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
i`cermlsi. c. Qjdilkl` i`cermlsi pldl
kjgulril plsij` tj`tl`i ke`disi,
mj`yltlkl` dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
pjmlflml` i. Qjdilkl` nlii kjgulril
tj`tl`i i`cermlsi tj`tl`i
pj`ylkit, ke`disi, kjmljul`
prei`esis dl` plsij` dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
preirlm pj`ienltl` f. Diskusikl` pigifl` tjrlpi ltlu
n. Rlsij` pj`l`il`l`
dl` kjgulril mlmpu i. Duku`i plsij` u`tuk
mjglksl`lkl` mj`ijkspgerlsi
presjdur yl`i ltlu mj`dlpltkl` sjae`d
dijjglskl` epi`ie` dj`il` alrl yl`i
tjplt ltlu dii`diklsikl`
sjalrl j. Jkspgerlsi kjmu`iki`l`
nj`lr sumnjr ltlu duku`il`,
a. Rlsij` dj`il` alrl yl`i tjplt
dl` kjgulril mlmpu
mj`jjglskl`
kjmnlgi lpl
yl`i dijjglskl`
pjrlwlt/tim
kjsjfltl` gli``yl
 DLCTL^ RZQTLKL
Nj`se`, ^lgpf A dl` Rjr`egg, Mlrti` G. (>2<>). Nuku Qlku Ensjtri dl` Ii`jkegeii. Olklrtl ?
Rj`jrnit Nuku Kjdektjrl` JIA.

Ml`ulnl. (>228). Mjmlflmi Kjsjfltl` ^jpreduksi Yl`itl Jdisi >. Olklrtl ? JIA
@uirefe, Tlucl`. (>2<2). Kjsjfltl` Yl`itl, Ij`djr dl` Rjrmlslglfl``yl. Xeiylklrtl? @ufl
Mjdikl.
Exer` Flrry, dkk. (>2<2). Hgmu Kjnidl`l` Rltegeii dl` Cisiegeii Rjrslgi`l` (Fuml`
Glner l`d Nirtf). Xeiylklrtl ? XJM.
^ukiylf, Li Xjyjf, dkk. (>2<2). Lsulfl` Kjnidl`l` Rltegeii. Olklrtl ? Trl`s H`ce Mjdil
Qlicuddi`, L.N. (>22>). Nuku Laul` @lsie`lg Rjglyl`l` Kjsjfltl` Mltjr`lg Dl` @je`ltlg.
Olklrtl? Xlylsl` Ni`l Rustlkl Qlrwe`e Rrlwireflrdje
Yik`jeslstre, F. (>2<2). Hgmu Kjnidl`l`. Olklrtl ? Xlylsl` Ni`l Rustlkl, Qlrwe`e
Rrlwireflrdje.