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Commercial Refrigeration For Air Conditioning Technicians 3rd Edition Wirz Solutions Manual
Commercial Refrigeration For Air Conditioning Technicians 3rd Edition Wirz Solutions Manual
https://testbankfan.com/download/commercial-refrigeration-for-air-conditioning-techni
cians-3rd-edition-wirz-solutions-manual/
Evaporators
temperature.
evaporator?
c. 85%
b. Decreases humidity.
evaporator.
10. If the suction pressure of an R22 unit is 55 psig, what is the approximate
evaporator temperature?
b. 30°F
11. If the suction pressure of an R404A unit is 21 psig, what is the approximate
evaporator temperature?
a. -14°F
13. A -10°F walk-in freezer using R404A has a suction pressure of 15 psig. The
suction line temperature at the TEV bulb is -20°F. What is the evaporator
superheat?
a. 2°F
14. Based on the superheat in the previous question, is the evaporator normal,
flooding, or starving?
a. Flooding
15. Within how many degrees of the design box temperature can you check
evaporator superheat?
c. 5°F
17. Why is it necessary for the fin spacing in a freezer evaporator to be wide?
a. Frost buildup will not occur as fast if the fin spacing is wide.
18. What is the basic sequence of operation at the beginning of a freezer defrost?
b. Evaporator fans shut off, compressor shuts off, and heaters come
on.
19. Which freezer defrost system is more efficient: hot gas or electric? Why?
Hot gas is quicker because the heat goes through the evaporator
tubing which was the coldest part of the coil during the freeze cycle.
Electric heaters are usually near the outer edge of the coil and it takes
longer for the heat to penetrate the interior of the evaporator. Hot gas is
more efficient because the compressor can generate the same amount
should it have?
The town itself, both as relates to its public and private buildings,
is not only handsome, but in many respects magnificent, and the
streets spacious and well paved. It is justly entitled to its appellation
of La bella Fiorenza. The only fault attached to it, in my opinion, is its
climate; beyond this nothing is wanting.
The week which we passed in this delightful capital flew away with
rapidity, and left behind it the impressions of a magic dream; indeed
we found ourselves under a state something similar to fascination,
so that the longer we remained, the more agreeable its pleasures
and society became; and the more enjoyment we partook of, the
more appeared to remain unenjoyed. The most prudent plan which
suggested itself, was to engage places in a voiture beforehand, for a
fixed day, by which means we should find ourselves compelled to
depart.
Friday was St. Peter’s day, and observed as a grand fête, although
with nothing like the magnificence displayed at Rome, where it is
considered, next to Easter, the grandest festival of the year: the
church of St. Peter’s is at the latter place illuminated on this
occasion, and an old bronze figure of the saint dressed up in papal
robes, decorated with immense numbers of diamonds; they are
obliged, however, to protect him with soldiers, lest some of his
worshippers should carry their zeal so far, as to endeavour to
appropriate these ornaments for their private devotions.
Of course the Venus di Medici was the first object of our attention;
but I must candidly confess, that I would prefer the possession of a
plain amiable countrywoman of my own, whose mind I could admire,
to this paragon of beauty, or all the Venuses, animate or inanimate,
which Italy possesses. Not but that I am willing to profess myself fully
sensible to the magic of beauty, and to admit that Italy possesses its
share, as well as many amiable and estimable women;
notwithstanding the manners, habits, and system of education, of the
country is generally unpropitious to their production.
At length the day arrived for our departure for Milan, and, on
Tuesday the 3rd of July, we took a final leave of Florence. In the
early part of the day, before we began to ascend the Apennines, it
was warm and pleasant, but after we reached these more elevated
regions, it became so cold and cloudy, that we expected a fall of
snow. In the afternoon we quitted the Tuscan territory with little
trouble, but on arriving within the Roman states, were detained for
some time, and all our baggage examined and leaded: this they
made us pay for; but it had the good effect of enabling us to pass
through Bologna, and out of the pope’s territories, without farther
interruption. We stopped for the night at a solitary house in the
Apennines, thirty-eight miles from Florence, which as we had five
successive days to travel, although our horses and the roads were
particularly good, was too long a day’s journey in so mountainous a
country.
We arrived at the inn amidst a heavy fall of rain, and every thing
felt cold and dismal; our horses and driver were apparently wearied
out, although we had only travelled thirty-two miles, and this over a
good level road.
On the following morning, our driver did not call us until six o’clock,
and then it was accompanied by an intimation, that we should have
plenty of time to breakfast, whence we inferred, that he was looking
out for passengers to fill his now vacant places; but the real cause
soon appeared, for in an hour after he apprized us, with great
concern, that one of his horses was quite lame, and, totally unable to
proceed; but that he had found another voiture, which would carry us
to Milan; and for our fare in which, he would arrange with its driver,
so that it would make no manner of difference to us. We were glad to
comply with this proposal, although we regretted changing our driver,
whom we had found a very civil and attentive man: this inability to
proceed, was, undoubtedly, to be attributed to his having driven us
too far on the first day, in order to oblige two gentlemen of Ferrara,
by getting on the second day to Bologna for breakfast instead of
supper.
Our new voiture was a much lighter carriage, than the one we had
parted from. Before we left the town, we took up an Italian lady and
gentleman, who proved very pleasant and respectable people:—the
lady about twenty-two, with a pair of such bewitching black eyes, that
my friend C⸺ was scarcely able to sustain their glances. The
gentleman, who appeared to be her relative, was about thirty, and
conversed in a very sensible, but free manner, on the political state
of his country, and patriotically anticipated the time when she would
be enabled to throw off the yoke of foreign despotism, and assert her
liberty and independence: we had, however, only the pleasure of
their company as far as Padoglia,—about ten miles.
On leaving Placentia, we crossed the Po, on a bridge of pontoons.
The stream was rapid, and the breadth of the river much the same
as that of the Thames at London-bridge. We were strongly reminded
of Addison’s poetical description of this noble river, whose banks,
both in ancient and modern history, have been the scene of so many
sanguinary contests.
“Beaulieu had drawn up his forces behind the Adda, and fortified,
with thirty pieces of cannon, a long bridge, in front of which was the
town of Lodi, defended by his advanced posts: these Bonaparte
attacked, and, after a sharp contest, drove into the town; from
whence they passed the bridge, and joined the main body of their
army. A battalion of French grenadiers, who had hitherto borne down
all before them, now reached the bridge, shouting, “Vive la
Republique,” but the dreadful fire kept up by the enemy having
stopped their progress, Generals Berthier, Massena, Cervoni, &c.
rushed forward: still, however, even their presence might have
proved ineffectual, if it had not been for the gallantry of Bonaparte,
who, snatching a standard from the hand of a subaltern, placing
himself in front, animating his soldiers by his actions and
gesticulations, for his voice was drowned by the noise of musquetry
and cannon; till these intrepid fellows, led on by their beloved
commander, passed the bridge, amidst showers of cannon balls,
silencing the artillery, and throwing the main body of Beaulieu’s army
in such disorder, that he fled with haste towards Mantua; having lost
in this action twenty field pieces, and in killed, wounded, and
prisoners, above two thousand men.”
Although pressed for time, we could not deny ourselves the
pleasure of passing over this renowned bridge; on arriving at the
opposite side, we had the additional gratification of meeting with a
beautiful maid of Lodi, at the wash-tub; and who appeared to interest
my friend greatly, although he remarked that he had already seen
several handsome females at Lodi.
“It is situated almost in the centre of the city, and occupies part of
the great square; it is of Gothic architecture, and its materials are
white marble. In magnitude, this edifice yields to few in the universe.
Inferior only to St. Peter’s of Rome; it equals in length, and in
breadth surpasses the cathedrals of Florence and St. Paul’s: in the
interior elevation, it yields to both; but in its exterior, it exceeds both;
in its fretwork, carving, and statues, it goes beyond all churches in
the world, St. Peter’s itself not even excepted. Its double aisles, its
lofty arches, the lustre of its walls, its numerous niches all filled with
marble figures, give it an appearance novel, even in Italy, and
singularly majestic. In the front of the chancel, and almost
immediately above the steps, rises on four additional steps the altar,
and behind it the choir, in a semicircular form. The pillars of the
cathedral of Milan are more than ninety feet in height, and about
eighty in diameter. The dimensions of the church at large are as
follow: in length, four hundred and ninety feet, in breadth, two
hundred and ninety-eight, in interior elevation under the dome, two
hundred and fifty-eight, and four hundred in exterior, that is, to the
summit of the tower. The pavement is formed of marble of different
colours, disposed in various patterns and figures. The number of
niches are very great, and every niche has its statue, which, together
with those placed on the ballustrade of the roof, are reported to
amount to more than four thousand; and many among them are said
to be of great merit.
We met with many friends at Milan, and spent our time agreeably
enough, but from circumstances, were induced to hasten our
departure sooner than we intended; in consequence we were
prevented from visiting some of the most interesting parts of the city,
as the various churches, the coliseum of Napoleon, and the
triumphal arch, erected in honour of him, over one of the gates; the
lazaretto, the mint, the museum, the minor theatres, and various
other places. The city itself, is one of the most intricate I ever met
with, the streets so numerous, short, and narrow, that we had never
been more perplexed to find our way.
On Sunday, the 15th of July, we took our leave of Turin, with six
new passengers in our voiture. We passed through Rivoli, which has
a royal palace, to Ambrogia, where we breakfasted; we now entered
defiles of mountains, the road becoming heavy; the rain, however,
which had been before incessant through the morning, began to
clear off, and we had a fine afternoon, which in some respects
compensated for the badness of the roads. A new road from Turin to
Susa, has lately been laid out by the Sardinian government, part of
which we traversed, but found it at present very uncomfortable,
consisting of a mere bed of stones. We reached Susa, about seven
o’clock, an ancient town, situated amidst rocky eminences, on the
banks of the Dura, here a small stream, but before it reaches Turin,
increased into a considerable river.
In the morning we set out from Susa at three o’clock, with the
voiture drawn by five mules, our driver reserving his horses until we
had ascended Mount Cenis. Soon after leaving Susa, we travelled
over an alternation of moderate acclivity and level ground, until we
passed Novalese, when the road became steep, notwithstanding it
was sound and good, and occasionally took a winding direction to
diminish the labour of ascent. About half-way up, we passed a
miserable village, named Ferrieres. At this point we rested a while,
that my friend might contemplate the stupendous and sublime
scenery, amidst which we had been for some time making our
progress.
My friend observed a gallery cut out of the solid rock, which had
formerly been used as a road, but which from apprehension of
danger in that direction, had fallen into disuse.
We found the air on Mount Cenis particularly keen, and it failed not
to produce a corresponding effect upon our appetites, nor was this to
be wondered at, as we had now been travelling seven hours without
breakfast. Our driver was, however, quite unwilling to indulge us with
a quarter of an hour for the purpose of quieting these sensations; nor
did we carry the point, until we insisted upon it peremptorily. After all,
we could only get a hasty repast of tea and bread and butter;
whereas we were strongly tempted by some beautiful trout, which
had just arrived from out of a neighbouring lake of considerable size
and unfathomable depth, situated in the centre of the plain.
The plain of San Nicolo is about six miles in length, and four
broad; and notwithstanding its great elevation, was at this time free
from snow, and covered with flowers and verdure. It is encompassed
on all sides by the Alpine ridges, the highest of which rises three
thousand feet still above it, and is clothed with eternal snow. It was
from the top of this plain that Hannibal is said to have pointed out the
rich fields of Italy to his wearied army.
At the distance of about a mile from the inn where we had taken
refreshment, we arrived at a fort, within the walls of which stands the
convent of Saint Bernard. We were detained here to have our
passports examined. On the plain a considerable quantity of stone
was lying on the road side, which was white as snow; my
companions fancied it marble; it felt, however, to me of closer
texture, and both heavier and harder than any marble I had ever met
with; I carried off a piece, as a specimen, which proves to be a
peculiarly hard sulphate of lime.
The road, this afternoon, was hilly, narrow, and rough; we made,
however, only a short stage, stopping to sleep at Modane. The inn at
this place was full of Sardinian troops, on which account we took the
precaution to have our baggage removed into our bed-rooms, for my
friend C⸺ had the cord whipped from off his trunk before he could
look around him. We found a peculiar difficulty in explaining our
wishes to have this arrangement effected, to the female who waited
upon us; my friend, who was a very superior linguist, essayed in vain
to make her comprehend our intentions, until at length we
discovered that she was both deaf and dumb; she possessed,
however, extraordinary acuteness, and could be made to understand
almost any thing by signs; she afterwards waited upon us well at
supper, and in conveying our luggage to the coach on the following
morning.
At this time he was residing at his country house, about a mile and
a half from Geneva. We here found him walking alone in his garden,
for which purpose, he has a string extended along a particular walk,
which assists in guiding his steps with confidence, when engaged in
deep mental research.