Human Relations Strategies for Success 5th Edition Lamberton Solutions Manual

Human Relations Strategies for

Success 5th Edition Lamberton
Solutions Manual
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Human Relations Strategies for Success 5th Edition Lamberton Solutions Manual

Chapter 02 - Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Human Relations

CHAPTER 2

Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Human

Relations
Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Define self-concept.
2. Identify the four areas of the self-concept.
3. Describe the real and ideal selves.
4. Explain the importance of pleasing yourself and others.
5. Define self-esteem.
6. Discuss the relationship between self-esteem and work performance.
7. Distinguish among different types of self-esteem.
8. Explain the origins of your self-esteem.

Key Terms

Compensating: The use of a strength to make up for a real or perceived weakness.

Conditional positive regard: Acceptance of individuals as worthy only when they

behave in a certain way.

External locus of control: This occurs in people who feel they have no control of the
events in their lives.

Higher self-esteem: Occurs when people have healthy feelings about themselves and are
therefore more likely to succeed in personal goals and career goals.

Ideal self: The way one would like to be or plans to become.

Internal locus of control: Occurs in people who feel they are in control of the events in
their own lives.

Locus of control: The name given to the amount of control one feels one has over events
that happen to him or her.

Looking-glass self: The self one assumes others see when they look at him or her.

Lower self-esteem: Occurs when individuals are unable to see themselves as capable,
sufficient, or worthy.

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Chapter 02 - Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Human Relations

Lower self-worth: Occurs when an individual believes himself or herself to have little
value to offer the world.

Mentor: A person who acts as a guide or teacher for another, leading that person through
experiences.

Pathological critic: A negative inner voice that attacks people and judges their worth
negatively.

Positive self-talk: A popular method of building self-esteem by thinking and speaking

positively about oneself.

Real self: The way one really is when nobody is around to approve or disapprove.

Role model: A person to whom an individual can look to for guidance by example, but
who isn’t necessarily actively interacting with the individual.

Self-concept: The way one pictures oneself to be.

Self-efficacy: The confidence an individual has in his or her ability to deal with problems
when they occur.

Self-esteem: The regard in which an individual holds himself or herself.

Self-fulfilling prophecy: Tendency for a prediction to actually occur once it is believed;

for example, a victim believes that prejudice against him or her is true, and then fulfills it.

Self-image: The way one honestly feels about oneself.

Self-respect: Positive self-image with high self-esteem.

Unconditional positive regard: The acceptance of individuals as worthy and valuable

regardless of their behavior.

Lecture Outline

I. What Is Self-Concept?

Self-concept is the way one conceives of (or see) himself or herself; this view of oneself
is the foundation of all his or her thoughts about himself or herself, including his or her
self-esteem. Self-concept and self-esteem affect people’s relationships, work, and nearly
every part of their lives.

Everyday actions also tend to affect one’s self-concept; in turn, one’s self-concept affects
the things that one does. Once this cycle gets started, it is difficult to stop. One needs to
examine ways of stopping it, or at least minimizing the effects of the vicious cycle.

2-2
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Chapter 02 - Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Human Relations

II. The Four Parts of the Self-Concept

A. Ideal Self

Everyone has some notion of what he or she would like to become. For some people,
the image of the ideal self is sharp and clear; they know the changes they need in their
lives and what they must do to make them happen. Many people, though, have a less
clear picture of their ideal self, and still others have an unrealistic idea of what they
want to become. One common mistake is to think that you have already reached your
ideal, when actually you still have a long way to go. Another is to create an ideal self
that is unrealistic and unattainable.

B. Looking-Glass Self

The looking-glass self is the self that a person assumes others see when they look at
him or her. It is also affected by one’s view of reality. Some people assume that others
think well of them much more than is true, while many more tend to assume the
opposite. For most people, the looking-glass self is much more negative than it
deserves to be.

C. Self-Image

One’s self-image is the way he or she truly feel about himself or herself. It can be
programmed by one’s day-to-day behavior and by the things one says to oneself or
others.

D. Real Self

The real self is a person as he or she really is, when nobody is around to approve or
disapprove of his or her actions. Just as with the ideal self, what one thinks of oneself
or what one presents to others is not necessarily what is real.

III. Focusing on the Real and Ideal Selves

Carl Rogers, a well-known psychologist, developed ideas about the self-concept in the
mid to late 1900s that are still in use today. He believed that people get little bits of
information all the time about their real selves from their experiences in the world.
Rogers believed that in order to have a healthy self-concept, people need to work on
making the ideal and real selves much closer. This can be done by paying more attention
to messages about one’s real self, adjusting one’s ideal self to fit the reality, and working
up to a more realistic and attainable ideal.

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