AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Power Engineering
4th Year, Mechanical Power Engineering
2nd Semester, 2019/2020 Course Code: MEP 461 Time allowed: 2 Hrs.
Internal Combustion Engines (2)
The Exam Consists of Two Parts in Three Pages. Maximum Marks: 75 Marks 1/3
‫تعليمات هامة‬
.‫ حيازة التيلفون المحمول مفتوحا داخل لجنة اﻷمتحان يعتبر حالة غش وإذا كان من الضرورى الدخول بالمحمول فيوضع مغلق فى الحقائب‬
.‫ ﻻ يسمح بدخول سماعة اﻷذن أو البلوتوث‬
Open Book ‫ يستثنى من ذلك اﻻمتحانات ذات الكتاب المفتوح‬.‫ ﻻيسمح بدخول أي كتب أو مﻼزم أو أوراق داخل اللجنة والمخالفة تعتبر حالة غش‬
Part (I) (40 Marks)
Question (1) (20 Marks)

a) Write short notes about (delivery valve function –effect of injector nozzle dead volume). (5 Marks)
b) What is meant by “NOx-PM” trade off? Explain how the multiple fuel injection helps simultaneous reduction of soot
and NOx.. (5 Marks)
c) For Diesel Engine Mechanical Governor, by drawing only show the relationship between the controlled fuel
injected quantity per cycle and the engine speed at different modes of engine loading. (5 Marks)
d) A velocity disturbance of 0.6 m/s is created by the movement of a diesel mechanical fuel injection pump plunger. The
cross-sectional area of the plunger is 20 times that for the pipe. Calculate the pressure disturbance created in the
high pressure line if the fuel is having 18000 bar bulk modulus and 860 kg/m3 density. Explain shortly why the
common rail fuel injection system is better than the mechanical one.
( 5 Marks)
Question (2) (20 Marks)

The following data is the experimental study of an inline six-cylinder, direct-injection, four-stroke, turbocharged, inter-
cooling with electronically controlled common-rail diesel engine.
Experimental Results Injection System Data
N (rpm) 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 No. of holes/nozzle= 4,
Power ( kW) 39.4 93.0 135.0 159.0 161.2 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝐶 = 0.88
Nozzle hole Diameter =0.36 mm,
Common Rail 77 122 130 133 138 Nozzle hole length= 0.7mm,
pressure (MPa)
Bsfc (g/kW.hr) 250.0 224.0 212.0 216.0 236.0 Fuel Data
3
Average Conditions of air at the beginning of injection Density=780 kg/m ,
Pressure bar Temperature K N.s/m2𝜇 Bulk Modulus =1.5 × 10 N/m2,
53 850 3.63× 10 Dynamic Viscosity 𝜇 =5 × 10 N.s/m2,
Surface Tension=2.5 × 10 N/m,
Assume no pressure loss between the common rail and the nozzle sac volume. Calculate:
(I) And plot the average rate of injection in(g/s) and the injection duration in (°CA) at different engine speeds.
(9 Marks)
(II) And plot the penetration length after 1.5 m𝑠, at different engine speeds. (5 Marks)
(III) The SMD at the maximum engine speed. (4 Marks)
Write your comments on the results. (2 Marks)

Part (II) (35 Marks)

Question 3 (20 Marks)
1- Sketch the variation of the engine performance with and without using the wastegate using a graph showing the
variation of the boost pressure at various engine speed (4 marks).
2- A turbocharged 6-cylinder 4-stroke Diesel engine with aftercooler has a swept volume of 4000 cm³. The inlet manifold
conditions are 2 bar and 53ºC. the volumetric efficiency of the engine is 95%, and it is operating at a load of 16.1 bar
brake mean effective pressure, at 1200 rpm with A/F ratio of 20. The power delivered to the compressor is 5 kW, with
inlet conditions of 25ºC and 0.95 bar. The fuel has a calorific value of 42 MJ/kg. Calculate:
a. The power output of the engine (4 marks).
b. The brake efficiency of the engine (4 marks).
c. The compressor isentropic efficiency (4 marks).
d. The effectiveness of the aftercooler (4 marks).
Question 4 (15 Marks)
1- Explain briefly 3 disadvantages of the carburetor system used in S.I.E (5 marks).
2- Explain briefly the reasons of the deviation of the volumetric efficiency from 100% at low range and high range of
engine speed (5 marks)
3- State the forces opposing the motion of a car on an ascending road (5 marks)
 Symbol Meaning Units
D Nozzle hole diameter m
Ds Sac volume diameter m
L Nozzle hole length m
Tg Gas temperature K
S Penetration m
φ Spray cone angle ◦
Δp Pressure difference Pa
across the nozzle hole
ρ density kg/m3
μ Dynamic viscosity N.s/m2
σ Surface tension N/m
𝑉 Velocity m/s
t time s
𝛾 Taylor’s Number --
We Weber Number --
Re Reynolds Number --
SMD Sauter Mean Diameter m

END of Exam, Good Luck

Examination Committee Exam. Date : 5th of August, 2020

Dr. Magdy Riad, Dr. Asmaa Ramadan

Part (I) (40 Marks)

 Question (1) (20 Marks)

e) Write short notes about (delivery valve function –effect of injector nozzle dead volume). (5 Marks)
f) What is meant by “NOx-PM” trade off? Explain how the multiple fuel injection helps simultaneous reduction of
soot and NOx.. (5 Marks)
g) For Diesel Engine Mechanical Governor, by drawing only show the relationship between the controlled fuel
injected quantity per cycle and the engine speed at different modes of engine loading. (5 Marks)
h) A velocity disturbance of 0.6 m/s is created by the movement of a diesel mechanical fuel injection pump plunger.
The cross-sectional area of the plunger is 20 times that for the pipe. Calculate the pressure disturbance created in
the high pressure line if the fuel is having 18000 bar bulk modulus and 860 kg/m3 density. Explain shortly why the
common rail fuel injection system is better than the mechanical one. ( 5 Marks)

Question (2) (20 Marks)

The following data is the experimental study of an inline six-cylinder, direct-injection, four-stroke, turbocharged, inter-
cooling with electronically controlled common-rail diesel engine.
Experimental Results Injection System Data
N (rpm) 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 No. of holes/nozzle= 4,
Power ( kW) 39.4 93.0 135.0 159.0 161.2 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝐶 = 0.88
Nozzle hole Diameter =0.36 mm,
Common Rail 77 122 130 133 138 Nozzle hole length= 0.7mm,
pressure (MPa)
Bsfc (g/kW.hr) 250.0 224.0 212.0 216.0 236.0 Fuel Data
Average Conditions of air at the beginning of injection Density=780 kg/m , Bulk Modulus =1.5 × 10 N/m2,
3

Pressure bar Temperature K N.s/m2𝜇 Dynamic Viscosity 𝜇 =5 × 10 N.s/m2,

53 850 3.63× 10 Surface Tension=2.5 × 10 N/m,
Assume no pressure loss between the common rail and the nozzle sac volume. Calculate:
(IV) And plot the average rate of injection in(g/s) and the injection duration in (°CA) at different engine speeds. (9
Marks)
(V) And plot the penetration length after 1.5 m𝑠, at different engine speeds. (5 Marks)
(VI) The SMD at the maximum engine speed. (4 Marks)
Write your comments on the results. (2 Marks)

Part (II) (35 Marks)

Question 3 (20 Marks)
3- Sketch the variation of the engine performance with and without using the wastegate using a graph
showing the variation of the boost pressure at various engine speed (4 marks).
4- A turbocharged 6-cylinder 4-stroke Diesel engine with aftercooler has a swept volume of 4000 cm³. The
inlet manifold conditions are 2 bar and 53ºC. the volumetric efficiency of the engine is 95%, and it is
operating at a load of 16.1 bar brake mean effective pressure, at 1200 rpm with A/F ratio of 20. The power
delivered to the compressor is 5 kW, with inlet conditions of 25ºC and 0.95 bar. The fuel has a calorific value
of 42 MJ/kg. Calculate:
a. The power output of the engine (4 marks).
b. The brake efficiency of the engine (4 marks).
 c. The compressor isentropic efficiency (4 marks).
d. The effectiveness of the aftercooler (4 marks).
Question 4 (15 Marks)
4- Explain briefly 3 disadvantages of the carburetor system used in S.I.E (5 marks).
5- Explain briefly the reasons of the deviation of the volumetric efficiency from 100% at low range and high
range of engine speed (5 marks)
6- State the forces opposing the motion of a car on an ascending road (5 marks)