Project

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1.1 INTRODUCTION
TOURISM - A PANACEA FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Tourism is currently one of Indian economy. It is fast emerging as the
industry of the 21st century, with its substantial contributions to sustainable human
development, including poverty alleviation, employment generation,
environmental regeneration and advancement of women. Tourism has also
become an instrument for the promotion of handicraft, arts and the cultural
heritage of the country
In recent years, second holidays or vacations have become more popular as
people's discretionary income increases. Typical combinations are a package to the
typical mass tourist's resort, with a winter Skiing holiday or weekend break to the
city or national park. In our country also, tourism has been considered as industry.
It helps to generate huge amount of income to the nation and in providing
employment to a large people. The development of tourism sector helped in the
development of areas m a country. The earnings generated from the tourism sector
have shown an upward trend, due to high level of disposable income they have
which stimulates the growth of the economy.
Tourism is defined as the activities of persons traveling to and staying in
Malankara Catholic College 1

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places out side their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
remunerated from with the place visited. The use of this broad concept makes it
possible to identify tourism between countries as well as tourism with m a country.
Tourism refers to all activities of visitors, including both 'tourists (overnight
visitors) and: same day visitors'
1.2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
At one time, employees were considered just another input into
the production of goods and services. What perhaps changed this way of thinking
about employees was research, referred to as the Hawthorne Studies conducted
by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932(Dickson, 1973). This study found employees
are not by money and employee behavior is linked to their attitudes (Dickson,
1973) The Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management
whereby the needs and motivation of employees become the primary focus of
managers (Bedeian. 1993)
Motivation Theories
Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated
was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne
Study results (Terpstra, 1979).Five major approaches that have led to our
understanding of motivation are Maslow's need-hierarchy theory, Herzberg's two-

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factor theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Adams' equity theory, and Skinner's
reinforcement theory.
According to Maslow. employees have five levels of needs (Maslow 1943)
physiological, safety, social, ego, and self-actualizing. Maslow argued that lower
level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate
employees Herzberg's work categorized motivation into two factors motivators
and hygienes (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman 1959) Motivator or intrinsic
factors such as achievement and recognition produce job satisfaction.
Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay ana job security produce job
dissatisfaction
Vroom's theory is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to
performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964) Rewards may
be either positive or negative. The more positive the reward the more likely the
employee will be highly motivated. Conversely, the more negative the reward the
less likely the employee will be motivated.
Adams' theory states that employees strive for equity between themselves
and other workers Equity is achieved when the ratio of employee outcomes over
inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs (Adams, 1965).
Skinner's theory simply states those employees' behaviors that lead to
positive outcomes will be repeated and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes

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will not be repeated (Skinner, 1953) Managers should positively reinforce
employee behaviors that lead to positive outcomes. Managers should negatively
reinforce employee behavior that leads to negative outcomes.
Motivation Defined
Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation.
Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior
purpose and direction (Kreitner,1995): a predisposition to behave in a
purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, & Lindner,
1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the
will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally
defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and
organizational goals
The Role of Motivation
Why do we need motivated employees? The answer is survival (Smith,
1994) Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly changing workplaces.
Motivated employees help organizations survive. Motivated employees are more
productive To be effective, managers need to understand what motivates
employees within the context of the roles they perform. Of all the functions a
manager performs, motivating employees is arguably the most complex. This is
due. in part, to the fact that what motivates employees I changes constantly

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(Bowen & Radhakrishna, 1991). For example, research suggests that as employees'
income increases, money becomes less of a motivator (Kovach, 1987) Also, as
employees get older, interesting work becomes more of a motivator.
The ranked order of motivating factors were: (a) interesting work, (b)
good wages, (c) full appreciation of work done, (d) job security, (e) good
working conditions, (f) promotions and growth in the organization, (g) feeling of
being in on things, (h)personal loyalty to employees, (i) tactful discipline and (j)
sympathetic help with personal problems.
A comparison of these results to Maslow's need-hierarchy theory provides
some interesting insight into employee motivation. The number one ranked
motivator, interesting work, is a self-actualizing factor. The number two ranked
motivator, good wages, is a physiological factor. The number three ranked
motivator, full appreciation of work done, is an esteem factor. The number four
ranked motivator, job security, is a safety factor. Therefore, according to Maslow
(1943), if managers wish to address the most important motivational factor of
Centers' employees, interesting work, physiological, safety, social and esteem
factors must first be satisfied. If managers wished to address the second most
important motivational factor of centers' employees, good pay, increased pay
would suffice. Contrary to what Maslow's theory suggests the range of
motivational factors is mixed in this study. Maslow's conclusions that lower level

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motivational factors must be met before ascending to the next level were not
confirmed by this study.
The following example compares the highest ranked motivational factor
(interesting work) to Vroom's expectancy theory. Assume that a Centers employee
just attended a staff meeting where he/she learned a major emphasis would be
placed on seeking additional external program funds Additionally employees who
are successful in securing funds will be given more opportunities to explore their
own research and extension interests (interesting work) Employees who do not
secure additional funds will be required to work on research and extension
programs identified by the director. The employee realizes that the more research
he/she does regarding funding sources and the more proposals he/she writes, the
greater the likelihood he/she will receive external funding.
Because the state legislature has not increased appropriations to the centers
for the next two years (funds for independent research and extension projects will
be scaled back), the employee sees a direct relationship between performances
(obtaining external funds) and rewards (independent research and Extension
projects). Further, the employee went to work for the centers, in part, because of
the opportunity to conduct independent research and extension projects. The
employee will be motivated if he/she is successful in obtaining external funds and
given the opportunity to conduct independent research and extension projects. On
the other hand, motivation will be diminished if the employee is successful in

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obtaining external funds and the director denies the request to conduct independent
research and Extension projects.
The following example compares the third highest ranked motivational
factor (full appreciation of work done) to Adams's equity theory 1 If an employee at
the centers feels that there is a lack of appreciationfor work done, as being too low
relative to another employee, an inequity may exist and the employee will be dis-
motivated Further, if all the employees at the centers feel that there is a lack of
appreciation for work done, inequity may exist Adams (1965) stated employees
will attempt to restore equity through various means some of which may be
counter-productive to organizational goals and objectives. For instance, employees
who feel their work is not being appreciated may workless or undervalue the work
of other employees This final example compares the two highest motivational
factors to Herzberg's two-factor theory. The highest ranked motivator,
interesting work, is a motivator factor. The second ranked motivator, good
wages is a hygiene factor Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman (1959) stated that to
the degree that motivators are present in a job, motivation will occur The absence
of motivators does not lead to dissatisfaction. Further, they stated that to the
degree that hygienes are absent from a job. dissatisfaction will occur. When
present, hygienes prevent dissatisfaction, but do not lead to satisfaction In our
example, the lack of interesting work (motivator) for the centers' employees would
not lead to dissatisfaction. Paying centers employees lower wages (hygiene) than

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what they believe to be fair may lead to job dissatisfaction Conversely, employees
will be motivated when they are doing interesting work and but will not
necessarily be motivated by higher pay.
The discussion above, about the ranked importance ofmotivationa! factors
as related to motivational theory, is onlypart of the picture The other part is how
these rankings compare with related research A study of industrial employees,
conducted by Kovach (1987) yielded the following ranked order of motivational
factors: (a) interesting work, (b) full appreciation of work done. and (c) feeling of
being in on things. Another study of employees conducted by Harpaz (1990),
yielded the following ranked order of motivational factors (a) interesting work, (b)
good wages, and (c) job security.
In this study and the two cited above interesting work ranked as the most
important motivational factor. Pay was not ranked as one of the most
important motivational factors by Kovach (1987). but was ranked second this
research and by Harpaz (1990). Full appreciation of work done was no) ranked as
one of the most important motivational factors by Harpaz (1990); but was ranked
second in this research and by Kovach (1987). The discrepancies in
these research findings supports the idea that what motivates employees
differs given the context in which the employee works What is clear, however, is
that employees rank interesting work as the most important motivational factor.

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Regardless of which theory is followed, interesting work and employee pay
appear, to be important links to higher motivation of centers' employees. Options
such as job enlargement, job enrichment, promotions, internal and external
stipends, monetary, and non-monetary compensation should be considered. Job
enlargement can be used (by managers) to make work more interesting (for
employees) by increasing the number and variety of activities performed. Job
enrichment can used to make work more interesting and -increase pay by adding
higher level responsibilities to a job and providing monetary compensation (raise
or stipend) to employees for accepting this responsibility These are just two
examples of an infinite number of methods to increase motivation of employees at
the centers. The key to motivating centers' employees is to know what motivates
them and designing a motivation program based on those needs.
The results presented in this paper also have implications for the entire
Cooperative Extension System The effectiveness of Extension is dependent upon
the motivation of its employees (Chesney. 1992; Buford, 1990; Smith. 1990)
Knowing what motivates employees and incorporating this knowledge into the
reward system will help Extension identify, recruit, employ, train, and retain a
productive workforce. Motivating Extension employees requires both managers
and employees working together (Buford, 1993). Extension employees must be
willing to let managers know what motivates them, and managers must be willing
to design reward systems that motivate employees. Survey results, like those

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presented here, are useful in helping Extension managers determine what
motivates employees (Bowen & Radhakrishna, 1991). If properly designed reward
systems are not implemented, however, employees will not be motivated.

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2 RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1 TITLE OF THE STUDY :
A study on 'Employee Motivation” Kerala Tourism Development
Corporation, Thiruvananthapuram
2.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This project is for understanding the employee motivation factors at KTDC
to understand the level of influence of these motivational factors an employees
Questionnaire method is used
2.3 NEED OF THE STUDY
To understand and find out the “Effectiveness of Labour Welfare measures”
at KTDC, Trivandrum employees response and to give suggestions to improve the
welfare measures.
2.4 Objectives of the study
 To identify the major factors that influences the motivation of employees at
KTDC.
 To study how these factors affect the performance of the employees
 To study the effectiveness of the prevailing motivational factors.

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 To suggest some measures to increase motivation and reduce the
absenteeism among the workers.
2.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Nowadays motivational factors play an important role in the performance of
the employees which thereby affect the organizational effectiveness. This study is
intended to bring about the prevailing motivational techniques implemented in
KTDC. The study helps us to know about the motivational factors provided by the
company and how it is going to affect the performance of the employees.
2.6 SOURCES OF DATA:
The relevant data has been collected from the primary sources & secondary :
sources. The primary data is collected with the help of questionnaire from the
employees. For this purpose of the data collection, the questionnaire is to be
circulated among the employees to collect information.
DATA COLLECTION
Data collection through questionnaire method .It means the investigators are
trained to collect the information required for an enquiry through schedule. The
trained investigator meets the people concerned & fills up the schedules with the
information supplied by them.
1. Primary data

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Response of employees through the questionnaire method.
2. Secondary data
• Industry Profile
• Company Profile
• Employee Data Base and Company Journals
2.7 PLAN AND ANALYSIS :
The questionnaire will be distributed among the employees for data
collection and the detailed information's will be collected through updates from HR
dept.
Data analysis shall be done using statistical tools.
2.8 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY :
• H0 - The Hypothesis of the study will be positive or Effective
• H1 - The Hypothesis of the study will be negative or ineffective.
2.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
• The primary data collected are from the memory of respondents which may
cause many errors.
• The survey included all the limitations inherent in the questionnaire form of
data collection.
• The study is limited only to mill. So the findings of the study cannot be
generalized.

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• The information received from the respondents may be biased
• The sample employee selected for the present study is limited to 50 workers
because of constraints in terms of limited time

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3. INDUSTRY PROFILE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
World Wide Tourism Organization defines visitors as "any person traveling
to a place other than of his or her usual environment for less than twelve month
and whose main purpose of the trips other than the exercise of an activity
remunerate from within the place visited".
World Tourism Industry is an industry which is flourishing all over the
world The scenario of the World tourism Industry is always in a state of flux, ever
changing. It is reckoned that end of 2007 will see the world tourism industry
generating as many as 234 million job opportunities for the people. It is also
assumed that the contribution towards GDP by the world tourism industry will be
approximately 10 3%.
The hotel industry is one of the oldest commercial industries in the world
The history of the first inn goes back to the 6 th Century B.C. the earliest inn were
run by husband and wife teams who provided large halls for travelers to sleep on
the floor. They also provided modest food, drinks and staying facilities
The leading hoteliring was taken up by the nations of Europe especially

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Switzerland. In 1650 an American named "Pascal" introduced Cafe in Paris and
Coffee shop in London. In the meanwhile come the development of inns into
travelers eating house etc catering to all types of communities. The real growth of
modern hotel industry took place in U S A beginning with the opening of "City
Hotel" in New York in 1794. The introduction of ocean liners and eventually air
travel brought the matter a step further by bringing all the countries of the world
into close contact.
The great depression in 1930 had a negative effect on the hotel industry.
But after the Second World War the hotel industry recovered and prospered into
one of the largest industries in the world today.
NATURE OF TOURISM
The world tourism organization estimated in the year 1990. there were
nearly 415 million international tourist arrivals throughout the world It estimated
that in the year 1991 international tourist arrivals would approach the figure of 45
million or an increase of 5 percent over 1990 These tourists spend billons .
Dollars in the countries visited. All this activity may be described as tourism clear
concept and a more precise and scientific definition of tourism necessary for
various purposes. First for the purposes of study in order describe and define what
it covers. Second, for statistical purposes, when t phenomenon is measured it must
also be defined clearly finally, for legislative and administrative purposes.

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DEFINITION OF TOURISM
According to the International Organization responsible for tourism. The
World Tourism Organization Tourism is defined as the activities of persons
traveling to and staying in places out side their usual environment for not more for
not more than one consecutive year for leisure/business and other purposes not
related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from with the place visited. The
use of this broad concept makes it possible to identify tourism between countries
as well as tourism with in a country Tourism refers to all activities of visitors,
including both tourists (overnight visitors) and same day visitors.
CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM
Tourism can be classified as follows
1. Pleasure Tourism
Pleasure tourism embraces of holiday out of curiosity to relax, to enjoy new
places and sights, view good scenery, unique folklore, the peace and calm of the
country or the entertainments provided by big cities and showy modern tourist
spots. Some person finds pleasure in traveling, from the constantly changing place
and surroundings. This type of tourism is associated with the idea of pleasure,
changes according to the tastes and the background character and temperament of
each person.

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2. Cultural Tourism:
This type of tourism comprises of holding out of a variety of motivations,
linking of desire to learn and to study in a place famous for its high standard of
teaching, to observe in the study, the institutions of peoples different from their
own, visit to historical monuments of historical importance and past civilizations
The quality if tourism is enhanced by the cultural elements which create unique
environment.
3. Recreational Tourism:
This type of tourism is pursued by people ho visit places of holidays to rest
reinstate their physical and psychic strength and to get relief from tourism disgust
and weariness. Generally such type of tourism is of longer duration People like to
remain at the places selected for such holidays, for the longest period of time.
Tourist experience ranging from the recreational to the essentials, quite different
from the tourist own society and culture. So the recreational travel is of an
educational and informatics character since they also exclude sightseeing, climate,
health resorts and unique attractions .The visual environment plays a major role in
recreational tourism.
4. Sporting Tourism:
Sporting Tourism refers to the elements concerned with the devotees who
comprise of winter sports, nautical sports, mountain climbing, horse riding,

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hunting, fishing, rafting in the swift flowing rivers etc. It is known and noticed that
countries having one of these sport facilities in their land, have the good chance to
attract many devotees and thus benefit from this type of tourism. This type of
tourism provides recreation, pastime, dalliance, amorous' behavior, play, game full
of mirth played by skilled sportsman which gives a good spirit for sports fans or
their followers.
5. Business or Technical Tourism:
This type of tourism deals with one engaged in commercial transactions]
Business refers to trade, profession or occupation and so it is related with
commercial activity or industrial concern. The term "Business Tourism refers not
only the professional journeys of businessmen or industrialists but also all
journeys, which have their aim of visit to fairs and exhibitions, or of technical
achievements, or of technical techniques which infuse a new knowledge and!
interest among people concerning their profession.
6. Convention or Conference Tourism:
This type of tourism is gaining great popularity in the present world with
the scientific and technical revolution, the nations of the world wish to develop
close relations and exchange experience in developing material and cultural
values, which is reflected in strengthening professional and scientific contacts This
phenomenon has led to new type of international tourist ties, convention or

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conference tourism.
7. Resort Tourism.
This type of tourism consists largely of tourists seeking sun and sand
staying in generally large hotels and often traveling but not always on a group tour
that includes transport room and board in one package Resort tourism has been
particularly important in developing countries that have secured rapid and large
scale growth in the number of tourist from Europe and North America. Such type
of tourism consists for the guest for sun, sand and se on rooms and recreation
which are full of facilities and excessive costs. The hotels in such resorts provide
first class restaurants, hall rooms, game rooms, gardens and sport facilities
TOURISM IN INDIA
India attracted about 4 million foreign tourists in 2006 that spent US$8 9
billion. The tourism industry in India generated about US$ 100 billion in 2008 and
that is expected to increase to US$275 5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth
rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and
promotion of Tourism in India. It maintains the Incredible India campaign.
India is one of the popular tourist destinations in Asia. Bounded by the
Himalayan ranges in the north, and surrounded on three sides by water (the
Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean), with a long history and

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diverse culture, India offers a wide array of places to see and things to do In 2004,
foreign tourists visiting India spent US$ 15 4 billion - the ninth highest in the
world. India is also ranked among the top 3 adventure tourism destinations.
Tourism industry in India is on a great boom at the moment. It is India's
third largest export industry after Readymade Garments, Gems & Jewellery. India
has tremendous potential to become a major global tourist destination and Indian
tourism industry is exploiting this potential to We hilt. Travel and tourism
industry is the second highest foreign exchange earner for India, and the
government has given travel & tourism organizations export house status.
The buoyancy in the Indian tourism industry can be attributed to several
factors. Firstly, the tremendous growth of Indian economy has resulted in more
disposable income in the hands of middle class, thereby prompting increasingly
large number of people to spend money on vacations abroad or at home. Secondly,
India is a booming IT hub and more and more people are coming to India on
business trips. Thirdly, aggressive advertising campaign "Incredible India" by
Tourism Ministry has played a major role in changing the image of India from that
of the land of snake charmers to a hot and happening place and has sparked
renewed interest among foreign travelers
Travel & tourism industry's contribution to Indian industry is immense

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Tourism is one of the main foreign exchange earners and contributes to the
economy, indirectly through its linkages with other sectors like horticulture,
agriculture, poultry, handicrafts and construction Tourism industry also provides
employment to millions of people in India both directly and indirectly through its
linkage with other sectors of the economy. According to an estimate total direct
employment in the tourism sector is around 20 million.
Travel and tourism industry in India is marked by considerable government
presence. Each state has a tourism corporation, which runs a chain of hotels/ rest
houses and operates package tours, while the Central Government runs the India
Tourism Development Corporation.
In the year 2002. the Government of India announced a New Tourism
Policy to give boost to the tourism sector. The policy is built around the 7 S
Mantra of Swaagat (welcome). Soochanaa (information), Suvidhaa
(facilitation) Surakshaa (security), Sahyog (cooperation), Sanrachnaa
(infrastructure) and Safaai (cleanliness).
Medical Technology used to be differentiator between India and the West
this gap has long been bridged since the best hospitals in India now offer the
same equipment and techniques as their counterparts around the world.
The main demand for medical tourism is generated from the 20 millions

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Indians who live abroad, through a growing number of foreigners also are keen
on speedy and inexpensive treatment. They are influenced by two facts one that
India now has many private hospitals that the world class and two that it there is
one strength that Indian doctors in abundance it is experience. Owing to India's
prodigious population, its doctors treat twice the number of patients in
comparison to doctors in the West. Even more reassuring is the fact that many of
them have studied and practiced medicine abroad.
Between 1996 and 2001, the number of foreign patients seeking treatment
in India as people took to the idea of receiving treatment or diagnosis in with a
holiday included West Asia for example has avoided the US and Europe for
medical treatment after the 9/11 terrorists attacks opting for India instead Also
value added service such as transfers from the airport, special food for foreigners
and translators for patients who cannot speak English and buoyed travel for the
same reason.
Apart from this, government has taken several other measures for the
promotion of tourism A multi-pronged approach has been adopted which includes
new mechanism for speedy implementation of tourism projects. development of
integrated tourism circuits and rural destinations, special capacity building in the
unorganized hospitality sector and new marketing strategy. The outlook for travel
industry in India looks extremely bright. India as a tourism destination is the toast

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of the world at the moment.
TOURISM IN KERALA
Kerala, a state situated on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India
is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Named as one of the
ten paradises of the world by the national Geographic Traveler Kerala is famous
especially for its ecotounsm initiatives Its culture and traditions coupled with its
varied demography, has made Kerala one of the most popular tourist destinations
in the world Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the tourism industry is a major
contributor to the State's economy.
Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a hitherto unknown destination with most
tourism circuits concentrated around the north of the country. Aggressive
marketing campaigns launched by the Kerala Tourism Development
Corporation- the government agency that oversees tourism prospects of the state-
laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades that
followed, Kerala Tourism was able to transform itself into one of the niche holiday
destinations in India. The tag line Kerala- God's own Country wag adopted in its
tourism promotions and became synonymous with the State. Today, Kerala
Tourism is global super brand and regarded as one of the destinations with the
highest brand recall In 2006, Kerala attracted 8 5 million tourists- an increase of
23.68% in foreign tourist arrivals compared to the previous year thus making it

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one of the fastest growing tourism destinations in the world.
Popular attractions in the state include the beaches at Kovalam, Cherai and
Varkala; the hill stations of Munnar, Nelliampathi. Ponmudi and Wayanad; ancB
national parks and wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam National Park.

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MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
(A) Beaches
Flanked on the western coast by the Arabian Sea, Kerala has a long coastline
of 580 Km (360 39 miles): all of which is virtually dotted with sandy beaches.
Kovalam beach near Thiruvananthapuram was among the first beaches in
Kerala to attract tourists. Rediscovered by back-packers and tan-seekers in the
sixties and followed by hordes of hippies in the seventies Kovalam is today the
most visited tourist destination in the state
Other popularity visited beaches in the state include those at Alappuzha
beach, Nattika beach (Thnssur). Vadanappilly beach (Thrissur), Cherai beach
kappad, Marari beach, Fort Kochi and Varkala. The Muzhappilangad bead at
Kannur is the only drive- in beach in India.
b) Back Waters
The backwaters in Kerala are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying
parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast). Kettuvallam
(Kerala House boats) in the back waters are one of the prominent tourist
attractions in Kerala Alleppy, known as the "Venice of the East" has a large
network of canals that meander through the town. The Vallam kali (the snake Boat
Race) held every year in August is a major sporting attraction.

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The backwater network includes five large lakes (including Ashtamudi
kayal and Vembanad kayal) linked by 1500 Km of canals, both manmade and
natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually the entire length of Kerala state.
The backwaters were formed by the action of waves.and shore currents creatrng
low barrier islands across the mouth of the many rivers flowing down from the
Western Ghats range.
(c) Hill Stations
Eastern Kerala consists of land encroached upon by the Western Ghats: the
region thus includes high mountains, gorges, and deep-cut valleys. The wildest
lands are covered with dense forests, while other regions lie under tea and coffee
plantations (established mainly in the 19th and 20th centuries) or other forms of
cultivation. The Western Ghats rises on average to 1500 m elevations above sea
level Certain peaks may reach to 2500 m. Popular hill stations in the region
include Devikulam, Munnar. Nelliyampathi, Peermade, Ponmudi, Vagamon.
Wayanadan Kottancherry Hills.
(d) Wild Life
Most of Kerala, whose native habitat consists of wet evergreen rainforests
at lower elevations and highland deciduous and semi- evergreen forests in the east,
is subjected to a humid tropical climate. However, significant variations in terrain

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and elevation have resulted in land whose biodiversity registers as among the
worlds most significant. Most of Kerala's significantly biodiverse tracts of
wilderness he in the evergreen forests of its easternmost districts Kerala also hosts
two of the world's Ramsar convention-listed wetlands Lake Sasthamkotta and the
Vembanad- Kol wetlands are noted as being wetlands of international importance.
There are also numerous protected conservation areas, including 1455.4 Km2 of
the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve In turn, the : forests play host to such major
fauna as Asian elephant, Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Nilgiri Tahr. and Grizzled Giant
Squirrel. Most remote preserves including Silent Valley national Park in the
Kundali Hills, harbor endangered species such as Lion-tailed Macaque, India
Sloth Bear, and Gaur. More common species include Indian Porcupine, Chital,
Sambar, Gray Langur. , Flying Squirrel, Swamp Lynx, Boar, a variety of
catarrhine Old World monkey j species, Gray Wolf, common Palm Civet
Silent Valley national park m Palakkad is home to the largest population of
j lion- tailed Macaque. They are among the world's rarest and most threatened
primates.
(e) Ayurveda
Medical tourism, promoted by traditional systems of medicine like
Ayurveda and siddha are widely popular in the state, and draws increasing number
of tourists A combination of many factors has led to the increase in popularity of
medical tourism: high costs of healthcare in industrialized nations, ease and
affordability of international travel, improving technology and standards of care.

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However, rampant recent growth in this sector has made the government
apprehensive. The government is now considering introduction of a grading-system
which would grade hospitals and clinics, thus helping tourists in selecting one for
their treatments.
(f) Culture
Kerala's culture is mainly Dravidian in origin, deriving from a greater Tamil
heritage region known as Tamilakam. Later, Kerala's culture was elaborated on
through centuries of contact with overseas cultures. Native performing arts include
Koodiyattom, kathakali and from its offshoot Kerala natanam, Koothu (akin to
stand- up comedy), mohiniaattam ("dance of the enchantress), thullal, padayani,
and theyyam. Other arts are more religion and tribal- themed These include
chavittu nadakam, Oppana, which combines dance, rhythmic hand clapping, and
ishal vocalizations However, many of these art forms largely play to tourists or at
youth festivals, and are not as popular among most ordinary Keralites These
people look to more contemporary art and performance styles, including those
employing mimicry and parody Additionally, a substantial Malayalam film
industry effectively competes against both Bollywood and Hollywood.
Several ancient ritualized arts are Keralite in origin; these include
kalaripayattu and payattu. Among the world's oldest martial arts, oral tradition

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
attributes kalaripayattus emergence to Parasurama. Other ritual arts include
theyyam and poorakkali.
In respect of Fine arts, the State has an abounding tradition of both ancient
and contemporary art and artists. The traditional Kerala murals are found in
ancient temples, churches and palace across the state. These paintings, mostly
dating back between the 9th to 12th centuries AD, display a distinct style and a
colour code which is predominantly ochre and green.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
4. COMPANY PROFILE
KERALA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT COPORATION Ltd is the largest
chain of hotels in Kerala sis a company Incorporated under Indian Company's Act
1956. It was incorporated as Kerala Tourism Handicraft Development Corporation
Ltd in 26th December 1965. KTDC had started it business operation on 1st April
1966 with three hotel viz Aranya Nivas & Lake Palace & Kovalam Complex,
which has been handed over by Government as capital In July 15 1970 the
corporation was renamed “Keral Tourism Development Corporation”
It has the official slogan "Official Host to God's Own Country". KTDC
corporate office is situated in Trivandrum and has three offices in Trivandrum.
Kochi and Kannur and owners over 60 properties across the state KTDC has
membership in prestige International and National Organization s like WTO.
LATO TAAI and FHRAI.
KTDC is focusing on operating a chain of hotels and transportation
network for tourist in Kerala. KTDC has luxurious and a diversity of hotels (from
motels to premium hotels) Most of KTDC luxury & a diversity of hotels are
located in exotic destination Bolgaty Palace on Cochin. Lake Palace and Aranya
Nivas in the jungles of Thekkady Hotel Samudra at Kovalam beach water scopes
on the Vembanad Lake, and Tea County at Munnar Mascot Hotel at the heart of

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
the city etc.
KTDC regularly conduct food festivals during Onam, Christmas seasons
KTDC is also regular participant in National and International fair like ITB-
Berlin , WTM - London and ATM- Dubai etc and by participating in these fairs
KTDC can improve its business. KTDC's online services offer booking rooms
online and pay online from any part of the world. KTDC has a subsidiary company
called TRKL for forming joint ventures with leading players in tourism.’
HISTORY
KTDC was incorporated as a Private Limited Company on 29/12/1965.
initially by name Kerala Tourist & Handicraft Development Corporation (P) by t
imited. KTDC commenced business from 0/04/1960 by taking over Mascot Motel
Trivandrum Kovalam Beach House Aranya Nivas , Thekkady, Periyar House and
Edappalayam Tourist Benglow. The Corporation was later renamed as Kerala
Tourism Development Corporation Limited with effect from 15/7/1970.
KTDC has a diversity of hotel from the most luxurious to the most
economical from small motel to world-class resorts providing something for every
taste and budget. The corporation operates 8 Premium unit Hotels. 7 Budget
Hotels, 14 Tamarind Easy Hotel, 3 KTDC restaurant, 12 Hotels 18 KTDC
Restaurants and Beer Par lour, 1 CRC 3 TRC, 2 Travel Division and 1 Shopping

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Complex.
Another major activity is Food Festivals conducted by KTDC mainly at
Mascot Hotel, Trivandrum and occasionally in other centers. KTDC is participant
in India International Trade Fare held at Pragathi Madan New Delhi every year.
KTDC offers comprehensive holiday package - exclusive escapades offers
holiday packages that are set in the premium properties of KTDC As a Pioneering
Tourism Development Corporation KTDC has also introduced innovative
concepts like insured holidays, which provide a complete Kerala
SHARE CAPITAL
The Corporation was incorporated with an authorized share capital of Rs 1
Crore, divided into 1 Lakh Equity Shares of Rs.100 Each. With the expansion in
the volume of business, the capital base has also increased At present authorized
Share Capital of the corporation is Rs. 50 Crore and Paid up Capital Rs. 49.7
Crore The proposal to enhance the Authorized Capital to Rs. 75 Crore is under with
Government. The shares of incorporation are held by
1 Governor of Kerala 49,70,483 shares of Rs. 100/- Each
2 Secretary (Tourism) One Share of Rs. 100/-
BORROWINGS
KTDC had earlier availed of loans from different banks for the development

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
projects amounting to Rs 17.28 Crore. With a view to bring down the rates of
interest on these loans, discussion where held on various banks and through a
transport bidding process, with the approval of government. KTDC has entrusted
the take over the remaining balance of all the above loans with the State Bank of
India at their lowest negotiated rate of 3 15% below State Bank advance Rate In
addition to this . they shad availed of the additional requirement of funds for
completing the Mascot Hotel Up- gradation project also from the State
Bank of India, making the total loan amount from SBI at Rs». 18.50 Crore
in the process of debt swap KTDC could save considerable amount towards
interest They also have a cash credit facility (working capital loan) of Rs 2 Crore
with State Bank of India.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
The affairs of the Corporation are governed by the Board of Directors. The
total strength of Directors on the Board is 1.5 of which not more than 9 could be
Non Official directors The present members of the Board are

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table No: 1.1
Board of Directors
1 Sri. Cheriyan Philip Chairman (No – official)
2 Dr. V. Venu (IAS) Secretary Tourism Director (official)
3 Mr. P.K. Mohanthy (IAS Principal Secretary Director (official)
Forest & Wild Life
4 Mrs. Ishita Roy (IAS) Director of Tourism Director (official)
5 Mr. R.P. Sharma (IFS) Director (official)
6 Mr. M. Sivasankar (IAS) Director (official)
7 Mr. K.G.Mohanlal (IFS) Managing Director
8 Mr. K. P. Satheesh Chandran Director (Non - official)
9 Mr. John Britas Director (Non - official)
10 Mr. Puthalath Dineshan Director (Non - official)
11 Mr. M.P. Achuthan (MP) Director (Non - official)
12 Mr. Philip K. Thomas Director (Non - official)
13 Mr. Sunny Director (Non - official)
14 Mr. Jainendr Kalpetta Director (Non - official)
15 Dr. A.A. Ameen Director (Non - official)
Source: Company Reports

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
PRODUCT PROFILE
KTDC, the largest Hotel Chain in Kerala has over 60 properties across the
State which includes a range of luxury, budget Hotels as well as tamarinds and
motels. Almost all these exclusive properties are set in exotic theme locales across
the State and all the properties have:
♦ Multicuisine Restaurants & Beer Parlors
♦ Coffee Shops
♦ 24 hr Room Service
♦ S Satellite Television
♦ Health Club
♦ Doctor Call
♦ Currency Exchange
♦ Travel Assistance & Car hire
Apart from the exclusive array of day tours holiday packages for Kerala the
Central Reservation Cell at KTDC is taking care of the onward journey and the
booking in selected hotels across India
SERVICES OFFERED BY KTDC
The KTDC is autonomous body under Kerala. They have a wide range of
services to the tourist coming to the Kerala. They have a wide range of Service for

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
the tourist KTDC have established four tourist reception centers at
Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam in addition to the information counters in our
hotel units and in the corporate office. They impart tourist information undertake
reservation of hotel facilities and also monitor conducted and package tours
organized from these centers www. Ktdc com.
KTDC PREMIUM HERITAGE HOTELS
HOTELS
1. MASCOT HOTEL
Mascot Hotel, located in the heart of Trivandrum City, the Capital of
Kerala, is the oldest Star Hotel of KTDC, built during World War I to house the
officers of the Royal British Army. And it now stands as a historical edifice
polished over time to cater to the tourists or business travelers with all the comforts
of a luxury hotel.
Mascot turns on its lucky charm with the beauty of its past and the comfort
of its present, and what with its accessibility to the Capital City. Mascot Hotel is
indeed the idyllic spot to plan a grant retreat.
Highlights
62 Deluxe rooms, 2 suits with Sea facing balconies, Restaurant, Coffee

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
shop Beer Parlour, Ayurvedic Centre. Swimming Pool, Pool side bar. Inhouse
Movies, Handicrafts Emporium, Travel Assistance. Car Hire, Laundry, Doctor on
call. Currency Exchange.
Attractions
Kovalam Beach, Vizhinjam Harbour. Veli-Aakuiam Tourist Village. Napier
Museum, Art Gallery, Padmanabhaswami Temple. Neyyar Dam, Ponmudi Hill
Resort Varkala Beech
Type of room Plan Single Double Extra Person Children (5-12)
A/C Deluxe CP 3000 3500 700 200
A/C Executive CP 3500 4000 700 200
A/C Suite CP 6000 7500 1000 200
Table No: 3.3
2. BOLGATTY PALACE (Deluxe
island heritage resort)
Bolgatty Palace is the oldest existing Dutch Palace outside Holland, once
the summer palace of the Dutch Governor, later conquered by the British. And
today, long after the British Raj, the Bolgatty Palace stands proud in all its
resplendent glory, preserved by the KTDC. Just so that you can sit back and enjoy
a royal holiday!

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Highlights
4 palace suites, 16 suits. 6 independent cottages swimming pool,
conference hall, golf course horse riding, boating and backwater tours Ayurvedic
Centre, restaurant, beer parlour. Kathakali performances, laundry, doctor on call,
car hire, currency exchange, travel assistance.
Attractions
Chinese Fishing Nets. Dutch Palace, Jewish Synagogue, St. Francis
Church. Hill Palace Museum Willington Island, Museum of Kerala History,
Malayattoor. Cherai Beach. Fort Kochi etc
15th June to 15th Aug 08

Type of room Plan
Single Double
Palace Suiut MAP - 7500
Deluxe MAP 3000 4500
Cottage MAP 2000 3500
Table No: 3.4
3. TEA COUNTY
(A KTDC Hill Resort with four star deluxe facilities)!
The true image of mist-clad Munnar opened up by the official host Tea
county It is located at the picturesque hills of Munnar. Tea county is one of the

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
exotic Hill resort at Munnar It is the perfect honeymooners and tourist al! round the
year.
Highlight
43 rooms. Health Club Conference Hall. Board Room. Ayurvedic Herbal
Body toning massage parlour Restaurant with dancing floor. Beer Parlour Indoor
games. Para-gliding and Trekking arrangements. Car hire Laundry Doctor on call,
Currency Exchange, Day tour.
Attractions
Chithirapuram Tea Plantations, Mattupetty Dam, Top Station, Anamudi,
Rajamala. Peermade. Marayoor. Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary etc.
Mystic holiday
Valid from15 th june to30 th sept 2008
Duration : 2nights /3 days
Package tariff (2 persons) : Rs7,777/-
Extra person : Rs 2,777/
Children (6-12 years) : Rs 1,777/-

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Package includes
• Room rent breakfast, lunch & dinner and all taxes(AP).
• No charges for children below 5 years if extra bed is not provided
• Package can be extended on pro rata basis
4. ARANYANIVAS
(Three star Wildlife Resort, Thekkady)
Call it an expression of the multi hued marvel of nature of the call of the
wild, if you please This place here, conjures up a bird's eye view of the tranquil
lake, the verdant jungles, the spice-scented plantations and more to captivate your
senses.
Aranya Nivas the only resort in India to be located right in the heart of
game reserve by the banks of the Periyar Lake, brings you face-to-face with the
animals that rule the jungle, to give you an experience unlike any other!
Highlights
30 rooms. Suites Swimming Pool. Restaurant, Beer Parlour, Handicrafts
Emporium In-house Movie, Travel Assistance, Car Hire, Laundry Doctor on call,
Currency Exchange.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Attractions
Elephant rides and Wildlife Safari, Trekking through the dense woods' and
sprawling tea, coffee, cardamom plantations. Boat Cruise on the Periyar Lake,
Tigers. Majestic Asiatic Wild Elephants, Nilgiri Langur, Wild Boar
1. Aranya summer packages
Valid from 1st April to 14 th June 2008
Duration-2nights /3 days,
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs7
Extra person- Rs2, 644/-
Children (6-12 years) RS 1,322/-
Package includes
• Room rent. Breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu (MAP)
• Seats on any one boating trip, including all taxes.
• up grade deluxe room subject to availability with an additional Charges of
2300/- on the package rate
• children below 6 years will be accommodated free of cost
2. Aranya monsoon packages
Valid from 15th June to 30th Sept 2008
Duration-2nights /3 days

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs5. 100/-
Extra person Rs2, 200/-
Children (6-12 years) RS 1,000/-
Package includes
• Room rent, breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu (MAP
• Seats on any one boating trip, including all taxes
• Upgrade deluxe room subject to availability with an additional
Charges of Rs. 2300/- on the package rate
• Children below 6 years will be accommodated free of cost.
2. AYUR DAYS (Ayurveda package)
Valid from 1st June to 30 th Sept 2008
Duration 2nights /3 days
Package tariff(2 persons): Rs6,340/-
Extra person: Rs2,440/-Children (6-12
years) RS 1,220/-
Package includes
• Room rent. breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu (MAP)
• Seats on any one boating trip and one rejuvenation massage for
two persons and all taxes.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
• Free upgrade to deluxe room subject to availability
• Children below 6 years will be accommodated free of cost
4. LAKE PALACE
(Deluxe Wildlife Heritage Hotel, Thekkady)
This resort offers you unlimited peace and tranquility, interrupted only by
the twitter of birds, a cry in the wilds or the excitement of spotting wildlife from
your window.
Thekkady, one of India's most fascinating natural wildlife sanctuanel
prepares you for an encounter with the wild side of Kerala. Our Plantation
ecotours, animal safari, trekking and boat cruise among others, allow you n
explore the fascinating jungles at will, to keep your adrenaline levels at an a time
high! Lake Palace, set in the backdrop of the Periyar Lake, offers the tranquility of
the lake, the adventure packed verdant jungles, spice scented plantations and more.
Highlight
6 palatial deluxe rooms, In-house movies, Restaurant, Car Hire. Laundry
Doctor on call, Currency Exchange etc.
Attractions

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Boating inside the wildlife sanctuary, jungle safaris through evergreen
rainforests wildlife sightings jungle treks and the call of the wild.
Jungle holiday
Valid from 1sl April to 3Vl May & 1sl August- 30th Sept 2008 Duration-
2nights /3 days
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs13.700/-
Extra person: Rs4.265A
Children (6 12 years) RS 2,2 70/-
Package includes
• Room rent breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu basis and
Taxes(AP), welcome drink on arrival
• free trekking and boating on any one trip each day
Jungle monsoon package
Valid from 1st June to 31 st July 2008
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs 10,200/-
Extra person Rs3.540/ Children (6-12 years) RS 18907-
Package includes

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
• Room rent, breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu basis and all
Taxes(AP), welcome drink on arrive
• Free trekking and boating on any one trip each day
6. WATERSCAPES
4-Star Backwater Resort, Kumarakom)
Kumarakom, the picturesque backwater destination, with palm fringes
thatched houseboats, fishing boats and the work, slumbers ever so sweetly on the
banks of the Vembanad Lake of Kuttanad the Rice Bowl' of Kerala.
Water Scapes, sprawled over a seven-acre estate at Kumarakom surrounded
by mangrove woods, provides the perfect gateway from the day grind, with
its backwater cruise in country boats/thatched houseboats and sights of the
chirping migratory birds at the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary to redeem the soul and
uplift your spirit.
Highlights
40 water front cottages, swimming pool, restaurant, beer parlour
Ayurvedic Centre, Conference Hall, Boating, Backwater Tours, Sightseeirw trips.
Car hire, currency exchange, Laundry, Amphitheatre.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Attractions
House Boat Cruises with stopovers for a glimpse of the rustic life, toddy-
tapping and fishing trips a trek down to the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary etc
Natural backwaters package
Valid from 1st march to 30th sept 2008
Package tariff (2 persons) Rs7.447/-
Extra person Rs3.723/-
Children (6-12 years) RS 1862/-
Single Rs5,775/
Package includes
• Welcome drink on arrival. Accommodation in canai view cottage
• Room rent Breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu (MAP)
• Seats for one hour boating trip. Special discount of 20% on beer and wine
(1) Package with transportation from/ to Kottayam Rly station Rs 700/-
extra.
(2) Package with transportation from/ to Airport, Cochin Rs2800/ extra.
(3) Ayurvedic general body Massage for 2 pax at 1 hr/ day Rs1750/~
extra
(4) upgrade Lake view cottage: addl:Rs2,850/~ on package rate

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
(5) Upgrade to superior lake view cottage: addl: Rs 5700/- on package rate
Coast & cruise package
Valid from 1st March to 30,h Sept 2008
Duration-3nights /4 days 2 nights at water scape & 1 night at A/C
Deluxe house boat
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs16.661/-
Extra person 30% of package rate
Children (6-12 years) 15 % of package rate
Single Rs14, 441/-
Package includes
• Welcome drink on arrival.
• Accommodation in canal view cottage.
• Room rent, breakfast, lunch & dinner on fixed menu (MAP)
• Seats for one hour boating trip. Special discount of 20% on beer and
wine
(1) Package with transportation from/ to Kottayam Rly station Rs.
700/- extra.
(2) Package with transportation from/ to Airport, Cochin Rs2800/- extra
(3) Special discount for non A/C house boat: Rs 1500 less
(4) Upgrade Lake view cottage addl: Rs2. 631/- on package rate.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
(5) Upgrade to superior lake view cottage: addl: Rs 5561/- on package rate.
7. THANNEERMUKKOM
(A KTDC Ayurvedic Lake Resort)
Thanneermukkom Ayurvedic Lake Resort, set by the backwater of
Kumarakom. A Resort that Capture the very best of kerala and the very best of
Ayurveda, the 5000 year old system of holistic healing.
Highlights
36 rooms overlooking the backwaters, ayurveda treatment. Conference hall
yoga and meditation watersports. boating etc
8. HOTEL SAMUDRA
(Deluxe Beach Resort, kovalam)
A former fishing village, kovalam is 16 kms, away from Tnvandrun With
a high rock cape and a calm bay of blue waters, this beach paradis creates a
unique water magic on moonlight nights. At certain coastal area there are
beautiful patches of coral reefs, a pretty sight for underwate snorkeling indeed.
Highlights
62 deluxe rooms. 2 suits with a sea facing balconies Restaurants Coffee
shops, Beer parlour, ayurvedic centre, swimming pool, pool side bar house movies,

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
handicrafts emporium, travel assistance car hire laund' doctor on call, currency
exchange.
Ayurvedic Rejuvenation Package
Ayurvedic herbal body toning massage packages are available here.
Attractions
Kovalam beach, Vizhinjam harbor, Veli, Aakulam tourist village, Napier
Museum, art gallery, Padmanabhaswami temple, Neyyar dam, Ponmudi hill resort,
Varkala beach
Summer packages
Valid from 1st April to 15th June 2008
Package tariff (2 persons) Rs5 5 Extra person: Rs1700/-
Packages includes
• Accommodation in A/c rooms
• Breakfast (cp) & taxes
• 20% discount on food, beer and wine
• 30 minutes head and neck massage for a couple and taxes
• Free use of swimming pool.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
2. Monsoon package
Valid from 16th june to 30 th sept
2008 Duration-2nights '3 days
Package tariff (2 persons): Rs. 4,444/- Extra person Rs1450/
Packages includes
 Accommodation in A/c rooms
 Breakfast (cp) & taxes
 20% discount on food, beer and wine
 30 minutes head and neck massage for a couple and taxes
4.1 VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVE
VISION
 To expand its services base to more and more emerging areas and in
 developing new tourist destinations in the state.
 To increase Foreign Exchange and domestic contribution.
 To increase Foreign Exchange and Domestic contribution.
 To increase the Employment Opportunity (Direct & Indirect)
MISSION

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
"To develop infrastructure and quality accommodation option in the State
herby promoting tourism as a whole in the State."
OBJECTIVES
KTDC is now successfully running a chain of hotels ranging from luxury
hotels to Yatn Nivas. Motels and Beer Parlors etc with the objective.
 To elevate tourism as the economic and employment priority of the state by
using tourism as the vehicle of growth for physical, social and economic
development of the state.
 To develop infrastructure through private sector and private-public
partnership, with government acting as facilitator and catalyst. To develop
and promote tourism products with continuous focus on backwaters.
Ayurveda performing arts, pilgrim centers, cuisines and eco tourism While
promoting ayurveda. the value naturopathy herbal medicines and tribal
medicines will also be given due importance.
 To create sufficient quality human resources in the field of tourism within
the state and strengthen institutional mechanism
 To explore and develop new markets for Kerala Tourism at domestic and
international levels

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
5. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Chairman
Managing Director
GM GM GM
Finance HRD HRD
Marketing Sales
DGM Purchase Manager Manager
Finance Circulation
DGM
Finance
Personal Drivers Security Canteen Dispatch

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
6. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The statistical data become organized, condensed intelligible
through classification and tabulation It enables the analysis and
interpretation Analysis is the process of planning the data in an ordered from in
such a way to combine them with the subjection of the study. Interpretation is the
outcome of the analysis inform of suggestions.
TABULATION
Tabulation means a systematic presentation of numerical data in columns
and rows in accordance with some salient features or characteristics.
The important statistical tools used in this study are Percentage Analysis Bar
Diagram Pie Chart
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
Percentage analysis is used to find out the percentage of respondents
from the total number of respondents, respond to each question
DIAGRAMS
Diagrams are the pictorial representation of collected data. The two
diagrams used in the study are bar diagram and pie chart

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.1
Table shows the distribution of sample respondents based on the gender
Gender Number of Respondents Percentage
Male 35 70
Female 15 30
Total 50 100
Source: Primary Data
Interpretation:
The above table clearly shows that 70% of the sample respondents are male
and the remaining 30% of the sample respondents are female.
Chart 6.1
Figure shows the distribution of sample respondents based on the gender
70
60
50
40 Male
Female
30
20
10
0
Male Female

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.2
Table shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the age group.
Age Group Number of Respondents Percentage
Below 25 5 10
26 to 35 30 60
36 to 45 7 14
Above 45 8 16
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above able clearly shows that 10% of the sample respondents
belonging to the age below 25 years, 60% of the sample respondents belonging
to the age 26 to 35 years., 14% of the sample respondents belonging to the age 36
to 45 years and 16% of the sample respondents belonging to the age above 45
years. The study reveals majority of workers of KTDC at TVM belonging to the
age group 26 to 35

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.2
Figure shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the age group.
60
50
40
Below 25
30 26 to 35
36 to 45
20 Above 45
10
0
Below 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 Above 45

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.3
Table shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the nature of employment
Nature of
Number of Respondents Percentage
employment
Permanent 40 80
Temporary 10 20
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above table clearly shows that 100 % of the sample respondents
belonging to temporary in nature
Chart 6.3
Figure shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the nature of
employment
80
80
70
60
50
Permanent
40 Temporary
20
30
20
10
0
Permanent Temporary

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.4
Table shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Education
Education Number of Respondents Percentage
SSLC 2 4
HSC 15 30
UG 20 40
PG 13 26
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above table clearly shows that 4 % of the sample respondents
belonging to the SSLC holders, 30% of the sample respondents belonging to the
H.S.C. holders, 40% of the sample belonging to the UG holders and 26% of the
sample respondents belonging to the PG holders The study reveals majority of
workers of KTDC at TVM belonging to UG holders.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.4
Figure shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Education
45
40 40 %
35
30 30 %
25 26 %
20
15
10
5 4%
0
SSLC HSC UG PG

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.5
Table shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Experience
Experience Number of Respondents Percentage
Below 5 years 46 92
5 to 10 years 4 8
Above 10 years 0 0
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above table 6.5 clearly shows that 92 % of the sample respondents
belonging to the Below 5yrs Experience, 8% of the sample respondents belonging
to the 5 to 10 yrs Experience. 0% of sample respondents belonging to the above 10
yrs Experience The study reveals majority of workers of KTDC at TVM belonging
to Below 5 yrs Experience.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.5
Figure shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Experience
100
90
80
70
60
Below 5 years
50 5 to 10 years
40 Above 10 years
30
20
10
0
Below 5 years 5 to 10 years Above 10 years

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.6
Table shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Importance
of Motivation
Levels Number of Respondents Percentage
Highly Satisfied 5 10
Satisfied 10 20
Moderately Satisfied 25 50
Not satisfied 10 20
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above table 6.6 clearly shows that 10 % of the sample respondents are
highly satisfied in motivation. 20% of the sample are satisfied in motivation, 50%
of the sample respondents moderately satisfied in motivation and 20% of the
sample respondents are not satisfied in motivation The study reveals majority of
workers of KTDC at TVM are moderately satisfied in motivation.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.6
Figure shows the Distribution of sample respondents based on the Importance
of Motivation
50
50
45
40
35
30
Highly Satisfied
25 20 20
Satisfied
20 Moderately Satisfied
Not satisfied
15 10
10
0
Highly Satisfied Moderately Not satisfied
Satisfied Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.7
Table shows the Organizational goals and objectives are achieved by the
employees
Satisfied 20 40
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
The above table 6 7 clearly shows that 20 % of the sample respondents are
highly satisfied organizational goals and objectives. 40% of the sample
respondents are satisfied in organizational goals and objectives 30% of the sample
respondents moderately satisfied organizational goals an( objectives and 10%
of the sample respondents are not satisfied K organizational goals and
objectives. The study reveals majority of workers c KTDC at TVM are
organizational goals and objectives.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.7
Figure shows the Organizational goals and objectives are achieved by the
employees
40
40
35
30
30
25
20 Highly Satisfied
20 Satisfied
Moderately Satisfied
15
10 Not satisfied
10
0
Satisfied Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.8
Table showing that there is a well designed and widely shared Motivation
Policy in the Company
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied in well designed and widely shared motivation policy in
the company. 30% of the sample respondents well designed and widely shared
motivation policy in the company. 40% of the sample respondents moderately
satisfied well designed and widely shared motivation policy in the company . The
study reveals majority of workers of KTDC at Tvm moderately satisfied in well
designed and widely shared motivation policy in the company.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.8
Figure showing that there is a well designed and widely shared Motivation
Policy in the Company
40
40
35
30
30
25
20 Highly Satisfied
20 Satisfied
15 Not satisfied
10
10
0
Satisfied Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.9
Table showing that there is a need for motivation great willingness in the
minds of employees to do a job
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 6 12
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied in there is a need for motivation id great willingness in the minds
of employees to do a job. 30% of the respondents are satisfied in there is a need for
motivation id great willingness in the minds of employees to do a job. 48% of the
sample respondents moderately satisfied in there is a need for motivation id great
willingness in the minds of employees to do a job and 12% of the sample
respondents are not satisfied in there is a need for motivation id great willingness in
the minds of employees to do a job.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.9
Figure showing that there is a need for motivation great willingness in the
minds of employees to do a job
48
50
45
40
30
35
30
25
20
12
15 10
10
0
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderately Not satisfied
Satisfied
Highly Satisfied Satisfied Moderately Satisfied Not satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.10
Table showing that the motivation helps to solve the labor problems of
absenteeism and labor turnover
Satisfied 10 20
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that the motivation helps to solve the labor problems of
absenteeism and labor turnover, 20% of the sample respondents are satisfied that
the motivation helps to solve the labor problems of absenteeism and labor
turnover . 60% of the sample respondents moderately satisfied that the motivation
helps to solve the labor problems of absenteeism and labor turnover. The study
revels majority of workers of KTDC at Tvm are moderately satisfied that the
motivation helps to solve the labor problems of absenteeism and labor turnover.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.10
Figure showing that the motivation helps to solve the labor problems of
absenteeism and labor turnover
60
60
50
40
Highly Satisfied
30 Satisfied
20
20 Not satisfied
10 10
10
0
Satisfied Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.11
Table showing that workers and management have got benefits from the
motivational plans
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that workers and management have got benefits from the
motivational plans. 30% of the sample respondents are satisfied that workers
and management have got benefits from the motivational plans 50% of
the sample respondents moderately satisfied that workers and management have
got benefits from the motivational plans and 10% of the sample respondents
are not satisfied that workers and management have got benefits from the
motivational plans and 10% of the sample respondents are not satisfied that
workers and management have got benefits from the motivational plans

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.11
Figure showing that workers and management have got benefits from the
motivational plans
50
50
45
40
35 30
30
Highly Satisfied
25 Satisfied
20 Moderately Satisfied
10 10 Not satisfied
15
10
5
0
Satisfied Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.12
Table showing you type of motivational policy the company follows to motivate
its employees
Negative 10 20
Positive 5 10
Financial 30 60
Non financial 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
getting negative motivation, 10% of the sample respondents are getting positive
motivation, and 60% of the sample respondents getting financial motivational and
10% of the sample respondents are getting non financial motivation The study
revels majority of workers of KTDC at tvm are getting financial motivations.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.12
Figure showing you type of motivational policy the company follows to
motivate its employees
60
60
50
40
Negative
Positive
30
20 Financial
Non financial
20
10 10
10
0
Negative Positive Financial Non financial

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.13
Table showing that the motivational system is understood by the employees of
the organization in the right direction
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee, 30% of the sample respondents are satisfied that the motivational
system covers all the activities of the employee, 40% of the sample respondents
moderately satisfied that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee and 10% of the sample respondents are satisfied that the right direction ,
50% of the sample respondents moderately satisfied that the not motivational.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.13
Figure showing that the motivational system is understood by the employees
of the organization in the right direction
40
40
35
30
30
25 20
20
15
10
10
0
Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.14
Table showing that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee 30% of the sample respondents are satisfied that the motivational system
covers all the activities of the employee. 40% of the sample respondents
moderately satisfied that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee and 10% of the sample respondents are not satisfied that the
motivational system covers all the activities of the employee The study revels
majority of workers of KTDC at TVM are moderately satisfied that the
motivational system covers all the activities of the employee.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.14
Figure showing that the motivational system covers all the activities of the
employee
40
40
35
30
30
25
20
20
15
10
10
0

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.15
Table showing that the motivational system has corresponding relationship
with efforts and rewards
Satisfied 15 30
Not satisfied 5 10
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that the motivational system has corresponding relationship with
efforts and rewards, 30% of the sample respondents are satisfied that the
motivational system has corresponding relationship with efforts and rewards. 40%
of the sample respondents moderately satisfied that the motivational system has
corresponding relationship with efforts and rewards and 10% of the sample
respondents are not satisfied that the motivational system has corresponding
relationship with efforts and rewards

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.15
Figure showing that the motivational system has corresponding relationship
with efforts and rewards
40
40
35 30
30
25 20
20
15 10
10
0
Satisfied

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Table 6.16
Table showing that the motivational system of the company is flexible and
some changes are made in time according to other requirements
Yes 10 20
No 40 80
Total 50 100
Interpretation:
highly satisfied that the motivational system of the company is flexible and some
changes are made in time to time according to other requirements and 80% of the
sample respondents are satisfied that the motivational system of the company is
flexible and some changes are made in time according to other requirements The
study revels majority of workers of KTDC at TVM are highly satisfied that the
motivational system of the company is flexible and some changes are made in time
to time according to other requirements.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
Chart 6.16
Figure showing that the motivational system of the company is flexible and
some changes are made in time according to other requirements
20
Yes
No
80

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
7. FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
FINDINGS
1. The gender wise analysis shows that ma le employees are higher than the
female
2. In the organization Maximum number of employees working in the age
group of 26 to 35.
3. In the organization Maximum numbers of employees are working in
temporary basis.
4. In the organization Maximum number of employees educational level is
UG and PG
5. In the organization Maximum number of employees experience level is
below 5 years.
6. In the organization Maximum number of employees working under
service departments.
7. In the organization employees are satisfied with motivation.
8. The maximum no. of employees achieved the organizational goals and
objectives.
9. The maximum no. of employees are satisfied with the organizational
motivation policy
10. Motivation did not help to solve labour problems and absenteeism.
11. 11 The organization did not provide any extra benefits to their employees

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
12. The organization widely concentrated on the financial motivation.
13. Maximum no. of employees have less amount of willingness to do work.
14. The motivation system would not be understood by the maximum no. of
the employees in the right direction.
15. Motivational system not covers all the activities by the maximum of
employees
16. Motivational system has no corresponding selection with efforts and
rewards
17. Maximum no. of employees says that motivation system should not be
flexible.
18. Maximum no. of employees says that timing and infra structure of the
company is the good position.
19. Maximum no of employees are satisfied with the companies reward
system

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
SUGGESTIONS
1. The Positive motivational policy should be help to ach.eve the
organizational goals and objectives should be achieved promptly.
2. Financial and Non - financial rewards should be given for the
achievements in their work life.
3. The motivational policy should help to reduce the labour problems and
should ensure the building of good labour relations.
4. The motivational system should balance the objectives and philosophy of
the workers of the organization.
5. The motivational system should cover all the activities of the employees
Like employee morale, productivity, etc
6. Effective feedback system can help the organization to remove the
distance existing in the organization
7. Employees should be encouraged to come up with their ideas and
suggestion to improve the working environment.
8.Company should provide safety in working condition to the employees.
9.In terms of employer and employees relationship Factor Company should
consult their employees in their decision making related to the company
development
10. The company should maintain a good flow of information with the
employees by avoiding the communication barriers in order to carry out
their ideas in an effective manner.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
CONCLUSION
The results of the present researcher study have confirmed the practical
significance of motivational effectiveness The investigator presents the study with
a drastic future enhancement over the area or motivation which magnifies the
organization to meet its requirement of standardization in the new future With a
microbial creativity and attitudes in the enforcement of motivation techniques
collective participation of human resources is a must. A properly conducted need
assessment and evaluation can profound this organizations performance to better
standardization
The researcher has forwarded some suggestion (i.e)The motivational
system should cover all the activities of the employees. Like employee morale,
productivity etc.
The motivational techniques should have corresponding relationship with
efforts rewards. Which are to be carried out by the management to motivating the
employees it would definitely increase the quality of motivate on and the
motivation policy would be the fittest to the employees and provides an excellent
opportunity to meet the Indian standard organization.

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
 P. Suba Rao (1984) "Management and Industnal Relation " (3) By Himalya
Publication Bowse, Mumbai.
 C.R. Kotan (2007) "Research Methodology and Techniques"- By new age
insulation (P) Ltd, New Delhi
 Hill W.A, Ramdolph and R.S. Plack. Brun (2004) “Managing Organization
Behaviour" -, by Publishing New Delhi.
 A P. Varma (2005)" Human Resources Management" -. S. K, Kataria &
Sons. New Delhi.
 C.B. Membria (2008) "Personal Management" - Meena Pandy
Himalaya
WEBSITES
 www.portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public=at/ecu/frontgilespie.pdf
 www.emeraldinsight.com

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
QUESTIONNAIRE
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE IN KTDC, TVM
1. Name :
2. Gender :
Male  Female 
3. Age :
Below 25  26 to 35  36 to 45  Above 45 
4. Nature of Employment
Permanent  Temporary 
5. Education
SSLC  HSC  UG  PG 
6. Experience
Below 5 years  5 to 10 years  Above 10 years
7. Department
Finance  Market  HRA 
8. What is your opinion about the importance given for motivating the employees
by the company?
Highly Satisfied  Satisfied 
Moderately Satisfied Not Satisfied 

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
9. Are you satisfied the organizational goals and objectives are achieved by the
company
10. Are you satisfied that there is a well designed and widely shared motivation
policy in the company?
11. Are you satisfied that there is a need for motivation id great willingness in the
minds of employees to do a job?
12. Are you satisfied that the motivation helps to solve the labor problem of
absenteeism and labor turnover?
13. Are you satisfied that workers and management have got benefits from the
motivational plans?

KTDC, TRIVANDRUM
14. What type of motivational policy the company follows to motivate its
employees?
15. Are you satisfied that the motivational system is understood by the employees
of the organization in the right direction?
16. Are you satisfied that the motivational system covers all the activities of
organization employee?

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KTDC, TRIVANDRUM

TOURISM - A PANACEA FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Tourism is currently one of Indian economy. It is fast emerging as the

development, including poverty alleviation, employment generation,

environmental regeneration and advancement of women. Tourism has also

heritage of the country

In recent years, second holidays or vacations have become more popular as

people's discretionary income increases. Typical combinations are a package to the

It helps to generate huge amount of income to the nation and in providing

employment to a large people. The development of tourism sector helped in the

which stimulates the growth of the economy.

Tourism is defined as the activities of persons traveling to and staying in

Malankara Catholic College 1

possible to identify tourism between countries as well as tourism with m a country.

Tourism refers to all activities of visitors, including both 'tourists (overnight

visitors) and: same day visitors'

1.2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

At one time, employees were considered just another input into

about employees was research, referred to as the Hawthorne Studies conducted

managers (Bedeian. 1993)

Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated

understanding of motivation are Maslow's need-hierarchy theory, Herzberg's two-

Malankara Catholic College 2

According to Maslow. employees have five levels of needs (Maslow 1943)

employees Herzberg's work categorized motivation into two factors motivators

and hygienes (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman 1959) Motivator or intrinsic

factors such as achievement and recognition produce job satisfaction.

less likely the employee will be motivated.

inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs (Adams, 1965).

Skinner's theory simply states those employees' behaviors that lead to

Malankara Catholic College 3

will not be repeated (Skinner, 1953) Managers should positively reinforce

employee behaviors that lead to positive outcomes. Managers should negatively

reinforce employee behavior that leads to negative outcomes.

Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation.

purpose and direction (Kreitner,1995): a predisposition to behave in a

will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally

The Role of Motivation

Why do we need motivated employees? The answer is survival (Smith,

1994) Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly changing workplaces.

Motivated employees help organizations survive. Motivated employees are more

productive To be effective, managers need to understand what motivates

manager performs, motivating employees is arguably the most complex. This is

Malankara Catholic College 4

income increases, money becomes less of a motivator (Kovach, 1987) Also, as

employees get older, interesting work becomes more of a motivator.

sympathetic help with personal problems.

A comparison of these results to Maslow's need-hierarchy theory provides

motivator, interesting work, is a self-actualizing factor. The number two ranked

motivator, good wages, is a physiological factor. The number three ranked

ranked motivator, job security, is a safety factor. Therefore, according to Maslow

(1943), if managers wish to address the most important motivational factor of

Centers' employees, interesting work, physiological, safety, social and esteem

important motivational factor of centers' employees, good pay, increased pay

would suffice. Contrary to what Maslow's theory suggests the range of

Malankara Catholic College 5

confirmed by this study.

The following example compares the highest ranked motivational factor

(interesting work) to Vroom's expectancy theory. Assume that a Centers employee

placed on seeking additional external program funds Additionally employees who

secure additional funds will be required to work on research and extension

greater the likelihood he/she will receive external funding.

be scaled back), the employee sees a direct relationship between performances