6/20/2022

RASTGAR
Topic of Training

Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing

Training Objectives

• Tolerances and why do we need them.

• Different types of tolerances.

• To learn how to effectively tolerance parts

in engineering drawings.

• Tolerance Types and Styles

• Tolerance Stacking

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Tolerancing

• “Allowance for a specific variation in the size and geometry

of part.”

• Why is it needed: Nothing is perfect !

• Hence, engineers have come up with a way to make things

close to perfect by specifying Tolerances !
– Since variation from the drawing is inevitable the
acceptable degree of variation must be specified.
– Large variation may affect the functionality of the part
– Small variation will effect the cost of the part
• requires precise manufacturing.
• requires inspection and the rejection of parts.

Tolerance in relation to Cost

• Cost generally increases with smaller tolerance

– Small tolerances cause an exponential increase in cost

– Therefore your duty is to consider : Do you need

Φ10.00mm or is Φ10.02mm good enough?

• Parts with small tolerances often require special methods of

manufacturing.

• Parts with small tolerances often require greater inspection

and call for the rejection of parts
Greater Quality Inspection Greater cost.

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Tolerance Standards

• ISO 2768-1-m (for Dimensional Tolerance)

• ISO 2768-1-k (for Geometrical Tolerance)

• ISO 286-2 (Fits, Tolerance for mating parts)

• BS-8888 (British Standard for Dimensional Tolerance)

• GTB-16 (for Casting Dimensions)

• CT-10 (for Casting Dimensions of specific brands)

• Customer’s Tolerance Standards (FPW, HINO)

General Tolerances

• These are specified when all dimension in the drawings

have the same tolerance.
• These notes are used to reduce the number of
dimensions required on a drawing and to promote
drawing clarity.

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General Tolerances

Style of Tolerance

Limit Tolerances

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Style of Tolerance

Symmetrical Tolerances

Style of Tolerance

Deviation Tolerances

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Types of Tolerance

Unilateral Tolerances:

When the tolerance is only

above or below the nominal
size.

Types of Tolerance

Bilateral Tolerances:

When the tolerance is above

and below the nominal size.

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Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

(GD&T)

Types of Fit
• Types of Fit
– Clearance fit
• The parts are toleranced such that the largest shaft is
smaller than the smallest hole
• The allowance is positive and greater than zero
– Interference fit
• The max. clearance is always negative
• The parts must always be forced together
– Transition fit
• A condition between Clearance and Interference
• The parts may be loose or forced together

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Types of Fit

Sample Calculation 1
Diameter of Bearing: 150 h6 (0.000/-0.025) mm
Upper Limit Tolerance: 150 -0.000 = 150.000 mm
Lower Limit Tolerance : 150 -0.025 = 149.975 mm

Diameter of Bore: 150 S7(-0.085/-0.125) mm

Upper Limit Tolerance : 150 -0.085 = 149.915 mm
Lower Limit Tolerance : 150 -0.125 = 149.875 mm

Lower Value
= 149.875 – 150.000 = - 0.125mm Results fall in negative range, So
Higher Value it is an INTERFERENCE FIT
= 149.915 – 149.975 = - 0.060mm

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Sample Calculation 2
Diameter of Bearing: 120 h6 (0.000 / -0.022) mm
Upper Limit Tolerance: 120 -0.000 = 120.000 mm
Lower Limit Tolerance : 120 -0.022 = 119.978 mm

Diameter of Bore: 120 H7(+0.035 / +0.000) mm

Upper Limit Tolerance : 120 +0.035 = 120.035 mm
Lower Limit Tolerance : 120 +0.000 = 120.000 mm

Lower Value
= 120.000 – 120.000 = 0.000mm Results fall in positive range, So
Higher Value it is a CLEARANCE FIT
= 120.035 – 119.978 = + 0.057mm

Tolerance Stacking