A= 7A ABILITY CRACK EU CUE Cs ci XAT | IIFT | SNAP | NMAT | CMAT I CET Le LOL MaeCeatning What are CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books? CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books are specally designed books which are useful in getting students Boosted Up and Ready for All Management Entrance Tests (CAT/ CE1/ NMAT/ CMAT/ SNAP/ TISSNET/ MICAT/ 1IFT). These books cover all the topics and are distributed section wise: Quantitative Ability, Data Interpretation, Logical Reasoning and Verbal Ability. They are recommended for all students who wish to get their Basics clear in any section for any Management Entrance Test. Understand the Basics concepts from the theory section, to better relate to all Video lessons and live classes. How to make best use of CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books? rend the CATKing Concept Builder Classes to gain an idea of what sic pointers of the chapte Go through that chapter In the CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books and read all the Theory and Formulae provided in the Introduction of the chapter. Make a note of all the formulae end try to learn them by Heat ready reckoner to revise before exams. Go through all the Solved Examples and solve them simultaneously while i the solutions provided to understand the best way to solve each type of Solve all the Practice Questions provided on your own and then refer to the ions at the end so as to verify f you have solved the questions correctly or s a better smarter approach forthe same question. you are able to solve majority questions correctly, then move to the next step of preparation by taking the Topicwise Tests. ‘Once you are done with good set of 4-5 Topics, give the Sectional and Full length Mocks and see where you stand. i. While you analyze the mocks s hat you highlight your weak and strong areas. For all weak areas, you must get back to these CATKing Bible LOD 1 Books, read up your formulae, check out the Solved Exams and your concepts will be revised, are the is will be your qu(omg Parasummary Table of Contents Introduction Solved Examples Practice Questions ‘Answer Key Solutions Let's get started.. 8] S) Bl wl(cxrting Parasummary Introduction AAs the name suggests, Parasummary questions consist of a paragraph or a short passage and we have to find the best summary of that passage. ‘A passage may contain more than one message. Our purpose should be to identify the main idea or the central theme around which the passage revolves. We should not get distracted by the irrelevant points or facts stated in the passage. Before summarizing, we have to ensure that we have understood the passage well. The best way to solve a Parasummary question is as follows: ‘Read the passage carefully; you must try to understand the passage. * Once you have understood the passage, you must try to pick the subject matter of the passage. ‘With this logical link between the subjects, you must start comparing the options. The right option must not have anything apart from what is given in the passage; the right option must not distort information, and lastly, the right option must not leave out any critical information. * You must look for the differences between the options. You should see if the passage has any hint that helps you understand which option is better and which is not. « Start with the elimination crocess, checking out those options that you feel have flaws in ther,(omg Parasummary ‘© if two options are very close, you should mark the one that maintains the focus. The essence is more important than the less valuable information. Two options might be equally true but one will talk about the essence, while the other will focus on the insignificant details * Once you are convinced, you can choose the right answer.(eating Parasummary Solved Examples Q.1) The human masquerade has got something to do with how our brain works. During the Palaeolithic age, while modern humans were sti evolving, it made good sense to cluster together in groups. Having a brain that likes to belong made our ancestors stronger and more likely to survive attacks, the cold and other adversities. Besides, on a basic logical level, our bodies need social contact. We need physical closeness to maintain homeostasis or physiological stability. Hugs, caresses, smiles and a glance ir the eyes are potent biochemical signas to our brain, giving our immune system a boost and activating the relaxation response in the body. The pleasure and comforting feelings that we derive from social interaction are the result of precisely these biochemical processes. 4) Social interaction helps humans remain sane, stable, and relaxed, 'b) Extroverts are more likely to achieve success in life. ) During Palaeolithic age, humans hardly interacted with one another. d) Homeostasis is extremely important in homo sapiens. Q.1) Answer- a, The para talks about the importance of social life and interaction in human lives and what kind of positive impact it has on their wellbeing. Option a appropriately captures this idea Option b talks about extrover's and their success which is not being discussed. Option c negates what is menticned in the para Option d captures only one point about homeostasis. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 3(exmiing Parasummary 2} It makes sense to focus on Germany when we talk about witches. Conditions for witch trials were, unfortunately, very good in large parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Tre country consisted of hundreds of principalities, and most of these could pass their own criminal laws. They had their own criminal courts, many staffed by incompetent lay judges Who were nevertheless empowered to use torture. About half of all the people executed for witchcraft in the early modern period came from Germany. a) Witchcraft is extremely harmtul to society. b) People were hardly executed for witchcraft in the world during the early modem era. ©) Germany stood apart from others when it came to criminal laws on witchcraft. d) One cannot talk about witches without mentioning Germany. Q.2) Answer-C, Option c most appropriately captures the essence of the given para which talks about the criminal laws and practice of witchcraft in Germany. Options a & b have not been explicitly mentioned in the passage. They may or may not hold true. Option d escapes the mentioning of criminal laws/trials which is significant in the given context.(cxrting Parasummary G3) Some of the most pressing moral issues we face today arise from how humans treat nonhuman animals, especially in farming and scient experiments. High-intensity 0° ‘factory’ farming raises the biggest questions because of its sheer szale, and because routine practices there, once we look closely, often appear shocking. Vast numbers of animass spend much or all of their shcrt lives in confined, sunless spaces, and experience a combination of stress, monotony and pain. Is this wrong, and what kind of wrongness is it? These questions are often approached within a utilitarian framework, which holds that the reduction of suffering and promotion of experiencec wellbeing comprise our basic goals in moral affairs. That view is readiy applied to our treatment of animals, 2s seen especially in the work of the Australian philosopher Peter Singer. fic a) Treatment of animals by hunans for utilitarian purposes is a critical ‘moral dilemma we face today. 'b) Using animals for farming and scientific experiments is frowned upon by society. ) ‘Factory’ farming has raised the eyebrows of many, considering the inhumane conditions they keep animals in. d) Assault on animals is a criminal act and is punished across the world. Q.3) Answer- A, Option a rightly captures the essence of the paragraph about the moral code relating to suffering of animals. Options b & c are true as pointers but do not integrate the entire idea being presented in the para. Option d mentions the act being a crime which is not talked about. ‘ede | Sri |Powa| Thane | Chae Read Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 5(cxrting Parasummary Q.4) One way of looking at human creativity is as a process of pulling bals out of a giant urn. The balls represent ideas, discoveries and inventions. Over the course of history, we have extracted many balls. Most have been beneficial to humanity. Th2 rest have been various shades of grey: mix of good and bad, whose net effect is difficult to estimate. What we haven't pulled out yet is a black ball: a technology that invariably destroys the civilisation that invents it. That's not because we've been particularly careful or wise when it comes to innovation. We've just been lucky. out of a giant urr is one of the most creative exercises and has always been beneficial to humanity. b) Human creativity is represented by ideas, discoveries and inventiors made by them. ©) Humans have made numercus discoveries and inventions, however, it’s just a coincidence that humans have not yet been able to devise a technology and use it at a scale hat would destroy the creators, d) Innovation is a boon to mankind unless we pull a black ball out of the urn. ‘eer in | 8990118999 6(cxrting Parasummary aay Answer-C, The paragraph talks about creativity & innovation by giving an example and discussing the possibility of an invention which could be destructive for society. Option c captures this idea in a holistic way. Option a focuses on the exercise and not the implication that the auther tries to convey. Option b talks of ‘human creativity’ in general. Option d is close call but is more of a conclusion rather than a summary. Q5) Conventional wisdom depicts moral struggle as an internal conflict between a higher moral self and an untamed dark side. This picture pervades popular imagination: the angel and the devil on either shoulde’, the ‘two wolf’ parable, the Ego and the Id, the ‘true self” and the ‘false It resonates with religious traditions that place us between anges and animals in a Great Chain of Being, leaving us torn between higher and lower, spirit and body, good and evil, the demands of conscience and the lure of sin. a) Man is stuck between the positive and the negative sides of his own moral self. 'b) The ‘two wolf’ parable rightly applies to human beings. c) Religions place human beings exactly between angels and daemons. d) Wisdom comes from Ego and the Id; the two sides of the same coin. 7(cxrting Parasummary G5) Answer- A, The para talks about the fact that how we are stuck between the good and the bad portions of ourselves and our conscience. Only a rightly captures the entire idea and summarizes it Options b & c capture individual points and not the entire summary. Option d can’t be concluded from the given info. Q.6) Humans, like all mammals, are heat engines; surviving means having to continually cool off, ike panting dogs. For that, the temperature neecs to be low enough for the air to act as a kind of refrigerant, drawing het off the skin so the engine cen keep pumping. At seven degrees of warming, that would become impossible for large portions of the planet's equatorial band, and especially the tropics, where humidity adds to the problem; in the jungles of Costa Rica, for instance, where humidity routinely tops 90 per cent, simply moving around outside when it’s over 105 degrees Fahrenheit would be lethal. And the effect would be fast: Within a few hours, a human body would be cooked to death from both inside and out. a) Where temperatures are higher than 100 degrees, a human body would burn inside out. b) Humans fry in higher temperatures and would die in extremely humid conditions. ¢) It's important for a human body to cool off continuously for survival, which is why air needs to be cocl enough for the body to give off heat, d) Mammals are heat engines and need to cool off rapidly, and it’s deadly for them to move outside in hot and humid regions. ‘ede | Sri |Powa| Thane | Chae Read Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 8(exmiing Parasummary Q.6) Answer-C, ‘The para talks about the ability af human body to cool itself and why is t important. Option c captures the idea most appropriately. Q.7) Much of the debate has focused on how to help pupils “catch up” on their “lost learning”. This narrative is profoundly unhelpful and potentially damaging, due to the psychological pressure it places on children and young people. It’s our national obsession with summative assessment that makes children feel that they have “fallen behind” if they haven't learned certain things at certain times. But in every yeer group, pupils are at various stages of cognitive, physical and emotional development, There is no such thing as “behind”, there is only where children are at. Besides, if we truly believe that everyone can be a lifelong learner, then a few months of parents struggling to teach phot brief bump on their educational journey. a) Pupils need to catch up on the lost time due to the pandemic and focus on academics really hard. b) Parents’ role enhanced in enabling kids to learn, while they were ona year-long break due to COVID-19. c) One's educational journey needs to continue without any break. d) Learning has to be lifelong and we need to stop focusing on the time lost for learning as it is psychologically harmful to kids,(cxrting Parasummary —a7y Answer-D, The author talks about the unn2cessary pressure on kids to make up fer the lost learning and why it shouldn't be pursued. D summarizes the given info appropriately. A captures the opposite of what the author seems to believe in B captures the info only about the parental rol Cis just a generic statement about the ‘break’ in academics and doesn't capture the main idea in the given para. Q.8) The connection between slavery and fossil fuels, however, is more than metaphorical. Before the widespread use of fossil fuels, slaves were one of the main sources of energy (if not the main source) for societies stretching back millennia, Prior to the Industrial Revolution, nearly all energy to power societies flowed from the natural ecological cascade of sun and food: the farmhands in the fields, the animals under saddle, the burning of wood or grinding of 2 mill. Alife of ceaseless exertion. a) Nearly all tasks were accomp ished through human and natural energy resources like the sun, prior to Industrial Revolution. ») Fossil fuels came into widespread use much after the period of slavery. ¢) Fossil fuels have been the widespread source of energy post the industrial revolution, before that only sun was dependable. d) Man was the major source of accomplishing a task in earlier times when there were no bots. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 10(700g Parasummary —“GayanwerA Option a captures all the points and makes a good summary while the remaining options states singular points, option c Focuses on "Only sur" and Option dis generic Q.9) For some, grief resolves nore quickly when the joy of something new replaces what was lost, as in remarriage after a divorce. For others, the addition may add joy withcut reducing or eliminating the grief. The co-occurrence of the joy in new and pain in the loss can complicate the grief process as the person tries to hold space for both experiences. a) Grief resolution varies among people and not all handle it wel b) While for some a new addition can ameliorate feelings of grief, others will need to make room for both their grief and their excitement. ¢) The co-existence of joy in the gain, and pain in the loss is the reality of life. d) A new thing often replaces tre one we no more have, however, it may not apply to all Q.9) Answer- B, Option b rightly captures the two thoughts mentioned in the given para uu(cxrting Parasummary Q.10) Deep conversations may be an important way to connect with those we care about in these difficult times, but they are always a good idea. They are the foundation of strong intimate relationships—those “we talked all night” conversations when dating, or those seemingly rare but cherished, heartfelt times when you lowered your guard and spoke from your heart with someone you trust. They connect you to the human race, to those important in your life, and in some way to yourself. a) Deep conversations are the foundation of close relationships and they help you connect better to the people you trust and more importantly to your own self. 'b) Regular conversations are an important aspect of human relationshirs and must be taken seriously. ¢) Deep conversations with strangers may impact the mind of human beings and may make them quite vulnerable overtime, d) Those were the best times when one could talk all night with someone close, 2.10) Answer- A, The para is about deep conversations with those we care about and hence option a will be apt. Opton c also talks about deep conversatiors but with ‘strangers’ which is not the case as mentioned in the given para 2(cxrting Parasummary GA} Whether we realize it or rot, many of our relationships are built on a foundation of superficial chatter, mutual disdain for others, and anxious focus on those we love. It’s ony human to maintain a little distance by talking about the weather, or to riff on a third person. We do ths because a two-person relationship is fundamentally unstable. When you both hate or like the same person, this twosome suddenly becomes a lot less anxious, a) People who are close to one another also accumulate hatred for the same people. ») Friendships are largely based on a mutual like/dislike. ¢) Superficial connection is the basis of most relationships around us and it’s only natural to be connected basis of liking/hatred for a common ‘third’. d) A two-way relationship is always unstable and needs a third person to stabilise it, Q.11) Answer- C, Option a talks about people who are close, that’s not the primary liscussion. Option b talks about friendshipsin general Option d mentions the state of relationship b/w two people as ‘always unstable’ which may or may notbe true. Also, it doesn’t capture why. 3Ceatning 12) The teaching methods of science in India at the school and college levels are not conducive to fostering scientific inquiry and thinking in students. The syllabus for science is huge and a teacher's focus is on completing the prescribed syllabus, rather than ensuring that the subject is discussed threadbare in the classroom and concepts are fully understood by the students. The examination system still continues to test the memory power of students rather than the knowledge acquired and understanding of concepts. In addition, the science education system is now largely oriented towards preparing students for entrance examinations to pursue the engneering and medical streams with an eye on bright and highly remunerative careers. Hardly any bright studert does graduation in science with an objective of pursuing scientific research as a career. We need to foster scientific thinking in young minds; we need to lighten our science syllabus at every level, transform teaching methods to spur the scientific curiosity of the students and create an interest. for scientific inquiry, apart from providing necessary infrastructure such as laboratories, at the school and college levels. a) Entrance examinations have become the sole purpose of young and bright minds in the 21* century. b) Science is a field that one needs to pursue with an inquisitive mind and not just memorising stuff. ¢) Science teaching methods need to be improved in India at both the school and college levels, so as to evoke inquiring minds rather than just, focusing on finishing the syllabus and clearing competitive exams. d) Indian schools have a curriculum which just focuses on scoring good in exams and do not give importance to extra-curriculars,(cxrting Parasummary Q.12) Answer- C, The given para is about teaching methods of science in India and how they need improvement. Option cis the only one to capture the entire info on that. Options a and b is regarding Teaching methads of Science and d talks about School curriculum. Q.13) Cyber warfare is the future tool that adversarial nations and players will use to launch attacks. And i: seems that India is very poorly prepared to deal with this (Page 1, “Chinese cyber attack foiled: Power Ministry’, March 2). India must re-examire its dependency on Chinese technology in all critical areas. With China aiming to achieve global leadership in ical and future technologies, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnologies, as well as medical and agricultural advances, cyber vulnerability is the new reality before the world. a) India’s dependency on Chira for imports is only ri technologies like Al, Robotics, Vedical advances etc. ing with major b) Cyber power is the new ammunition that countries are arming themselves with to fight the technology battles and it figures that India lags behind. ) Cyber Warfare is the tool of past and focus is now shifting to newer ‘mechanisms like bio weapons. d) China is going to be the new world leader in terms of technology warfare, 15(cxrting Parasummary “aisjanwerB, The para talks of the current importance of cyber warfare as a weapon for any country. Option b captures the same andis thus appropriate. Option a talks of India’s dependency on Chinese imports as a whole Information captured in Option zis not given the para. Option d can’t be certainly conc uded from the given info. Q.14) The cataclysm in Ethicpia’s Tigray region and the country’s humanitarian crisis give rise to concerns of long-term regional deterioration, Without a clear framework for peace-building, pos:- conflict reconstruction and transitional justice, the country is at risk of drastically postponing both pclitical and economic recovery. This hes implications not only for Ethiopia but also for the entire Horn of Africa region which is already plaguec by low-level conflicts, uneven economic development, border disputes, continued food insecurity, climate change, a precarious political situation, and a dire refugee crisis. a) With no efforts for peace building, Ethiopia is at high risk to be plagued by social and political instability. b) Climate change, Food insecurity and inequality are only some of the challenges faced by the world ¢) Without a proper plan to resume pol growth, conflict ridden Ethiopia might impact the entire African region which is already facing multiple issues. d) Refugee crisis has only worsened in whole of Africa post the pandemic situation. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 16(cxrting Parasummary Q.14) Answer- C, The para talks about the hurranitarian crisis in Ethiopia and how its worsening the overall life situation in the region. Option c captures this. Option a is just rephrasing of second sentence in the given para and would not be apt as a summary. Option b captures the points as ‘only’ challenges and is thus invalid. Option d doesn’t capture all the points about the worsening and spread of cris Q.15) In the traditional understanding of a campus in India, students who focus solely on academics are seen as role models, achievers and good citizens, and student protesters as rebellious, unruly, and bringing ther institutions into disrepute. Such lazy categorisation ignores the very purpose of education and the conceptualisation of a campus. In Tagore’s words, an educational institution should not be “a dead cage in which ving minds are fed with food that's artificially prepared”. Institutions are not merely spaces where knowledge is imparted to passive recipients; they are spaces where there is debate, discussion, contestation. a) The very purpose of education and campus is lost when we ignore the extra-curricular. ) Educational institutions need to be celebrated as places where there s debate and acceptance of diverse thoughts and ideas rather than just praise for academic excellence. ) It's vital to keep the rebel students in check in order to maintain the reputation of any educational institution. d) The concept of a campus is built upon the meritorious and successful students which study there. v7(cxrting Parasummary Q.15) Answer- 8, Option b appropriately captures the role of colleges and institution campuses and what it needs to be, as mentioned in the given para. Q.16) The French philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre, was wrong. Hell is not other people, but the lack thereof. Social isolation and the resultant loneliness are more lethal than smoking 15 cigarettes a day or obesity, according to research published by Brigham Young University. Some researchers even say that loneliness increases heart disease, dementia and death rates. The pandemic has turned a bad situation worse, with some studies showing as much as a 90 per cent rise in loneliness glob: Public health experts in many countries have been debating how to address the “loneliness epiderric” that confronts and corrodes modem fe. a) Loneliness is fruitful in thes? modern times and is believed to be a significant part and parcel of one's life. ) Loneliness is found to be more harmful than diseases like obesity and with the ‘pandemic’ worsening the issue, experts have been debating to find solution. ) Social isolation has increased with the pandemic and so has the occurrence of heart diseases. d) As “Loneliness Epidemic” remains a challenge in the modern life, scientists suggest changes in everyday routine to address the same. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 18(exmiing Parasummary ee The para talks of loneliness and its negative impact on one’s life as is rightly stated in option b. Option a mentions the benefits of loneliness as against its negative impact Option c and d can’t be specifically concluded from the given para. Q.17) In 2 deeply patriarchal society, generations of women have had their own battles to fight. Pione2ring women in the 1950s broke the glass ceiling to a great extent to pursue careers; the next generation established themselves as the second bread earners in their fami it is the turn of the present generation of women to provide fer themselves and demand an unemployment allowance if, owing to circumstances, they need to stay at home. The compensation is not fer the ‘love’ that is often attributed to. women; it is for the full-time work they do at home, which is often done for many compulsions other than love. a) Women have fought various battles for themselves over generations and now they need to fight one for unemployment allowance too for the work they do at home. b) It’s time that we challenge the deeply patriarchal society and fight fer more positions for women in the boardrooms. c) Paying women for the full-time household work they do would further discourage the society in generél to accept women in various careers and roles outside the ambit of ‘household’. d) The time has come when women need not be the second bread earners in their family. Deter | Sal | Pow | Thane] Ca Road | ile Pate | Mira Road | Onno eo(cxrting Parasummary Q.17) Answer- A, In relation to option b, nothing has been mentioned about boardrooms in the given para. Option c and d are more of conclusions (rather than summary) which may arise from the passage. Q.18) We string together memaries to create stories — not just our own, but that of our families, our friends, neighbours, communities, the place we live in (or would like to live in), the planet we wish to leave for our children — and we pass on these stories to others we wish to bring around to our way of seeing and understanding the world we inhabi: These stories need not be made up of memories of places, people, things or events we have encountered at first hand. We often take the memory- strings given to us by others anc weave them with our own to create new memories, new narratives, new stories, which, we, in turn, pass on to others. If these stories also serve to edify, educate, instruct, paint a moral, or clinch an argumert, then they become so much more believable and powerful a) We combine various memories and create stories by adding additional twists, to be passed on to others for recreation, b) Stories are an excellent way of tying up shared memories and passing them on to our loved ones. ¢) Our friends and communities are an integral part of the memories we make and the stories we create out of them. d) As we create and share stories which we string together through our and others’ memories, they stick better if they also tend to educate people or at least evoke an argument/discussion. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 20(cxrting Parasummary Q.18) Answer- D, The para talks about how memories help us create powerful stories. The narrative is summarized rightly by option d. Options a, b and c are either singular points or conclusions which are derived from the given para. They do not capture the entire aspect. Q.19) One argument Danaher presents for the view that life would be meaningful in a workless world emphasizes that today, most people's work undermines meaning. The work of most people in the world s repetitive, uninteresting, emotionally degrading, intellectually dulling, and exposes them to intimidation by supervisors and co-workers. Mary people leave work at the erd of the day feeling emotionally and physically drained. And most de not autonomously choose to work; they work because they must, and they wouldn't work if they had the mears to avoid it. In all these ways, work seems to diminish life's meaning fer many, and freeing them from it may well free them to have more meaningful lives. a) Work is one of the most important aspect of human life and thereby any decision regarding it should be autonomous. ) Danaher argues that life woud be more meaningful in a workless work as most are involved in work which is emotionally and physically degrading and not chosen for. c) All work done by humans is -outine and uninteresting and diminishes the meaning in their life. d) People who choose their wors with free will would be happier than the rest. a(cxrting Parasummary Q.19) Answer- 8, The para discusses Danaher's argument about the role of work in one's life. Only option b rightly captures it as none other even mentiors ‘Danaher’ and are mostly generic arguments. Q.20) Wealth creators or wealtk creation need not be vilified. The former can serve as symbols of the engines of growth. Indeed, the Indian prime minister is known for his generous views on wealth creators. The problem per se lies not in wealth creation but in the distribution of wealth. This process is marked by horrific inequalities that, studies sav, have been further aggravated by the pandemic. Research by international agencies found that in 2020, th2 wealth of global billionaires rose by 39 trillion dollars while the combined earnings of global workers fell by 3.7 trillion dollars. One of the consequences of this anomaly has been a rising backlash against private wealth. India has not been immune from ths development and neither can this collective animosity be blamed on mischievous political agenda or “esidual romanticism for a socialist ethos. a) Wealth creation is an important issue that societies need to address in order to reduce financial inequalities. b) The rising inequality in societies is the cause of concern fer international agencies. ¢) Wealth distribution and not creation is where problem lies and inequalities between the rich and the poor are rising with India being no exception, d) As the wealth of billionaires rose and that of workers fell in 2020, focus of the governments has shifted ‘rom wealth creation to job creation. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 22(eatin Parasummary Q.20) Answer- C, The given para is about wealth creation & distribution and its characteristics. Option c captures both these assects.(exmiing Parasummary ~~ Practice Questions Q.1) Over the years, across nations, it is sustained demands by citizens that have earned us many of the precious rights we enjoy today, including the eight-hour workdzy, women’s right to vote, and equal pay. We also see around us the consequences of turning a blind eye to some of these protests. Reni village in Uttarakhand, which was the centre of the Chipko movement in the 1£70s, bore the brunt of the landslide thet killed 62 in the region recently. Viany of the women who live in Reni now were children when they hugged the trees protesting against commercial logging. Scientists have time and again questioned the model of development in the region, including massive dam projects and rampart deforestation. a) Many have questioned the cevelopment model in the Reni village in Uttarakhand over the years. b) Deforestation and subsequert landslides have been a burning issue in Reni village of Uttarakhand c) While we do enjoy the benefits of perseverant demands as citizens, we also face serious repercussions when we ignore some protests like Chipko in Reni village. d) Citizens have gained rights lice eight-hour workday, right to vote ete. through massive protests. Q.2) Remote learning has left parents and educators scrambling for tools that can engage kids online. For most kids, the first iteration of remote learning was dull and uninspirirg at best. Hopefully, the second wave of remote learning, where schools have had six months rather than two Deter | Sal | Pow | Thane] Ca Road | ile Pate | Mira Road | Onno 'ivcatingin | 999118999 ermurlsonntare Cig een mtn my oy ek 24Parasummary weeks to prepare, will be more engaging and produce better learning outcomes. However, simply swapping classroom lesson plans to screen lesson plans will not be enough. a) Remote learning has been a challenge for kids, however, learning outcomes may turn better once schools invest enough time to prepare. 'b) Remote learning is a big challenge in India as not all kids have enough resources to completely rely on online education ) While transforming lessons into an online module, various factors need to be taken care of. d) Third wave of online learning is expected to be smoother than the first, two. Q.3) Medicinal cannibalism seems to have existed around the world, with nearly every body part ending up in some concoction. Chinese compounds included human organs as well as nails and hair, while, in early Greece, human blood was thought to treat epilepsy. And even 2s they were decrying cannibals in the New World as savages, Europears were routinely consuming human parts as medicinal treatment. Followers of 16th-century Swiss physician Paracelsus, for example, sought to cure dysentery with medicines that contained powdered human skulls, and in 17th-century England pulverized mummies were used in treatments for epilepsy and stomachaches. In some cases, not just any mummy would do: one concoction called for the body of a redheaded man who had died from hanging. 25(cxrting Parasummary ‘a) Chinese compounds have been known to include human body parts fer ages. b) Medicinal cannibalism used o exist in various forms with treatments including usage of powdered skulls for dysentery. ¢) Pulverised mummies are used for treatment of heart-attacks and diabetes 4d) Cannibalism is practised across the world with nearly every body part being used for consumption during celebrations. Q.4) Mankind’s relentless purstit of physical beauty is nothing new (the use of cosmetics dates back to encient Egypt and Rome) but the methocs We use to achieve that “perfect look” have certainly evolved. Gone are the days of bathing with a bar of soap, dabbing on natural perfume, and applying subtle cheek rouge. Americans spend billions of dollars each year on a dizzying array of beauty products. As exemplified by the 9 trendy—albeit bizarre—beauty regimens, some people will stop at nothing to maintain a youthful appearance. Just how far would you go to achieve that youthful glow? a) Gone are the days when focus was on being a good person at heart. b) People are extremely absessive with how they look. ¢) Though the desire of physical beauty has always existed, the evolved methods and money people have started to spend has been mind- boggling d) Mental and emotional quotient supersedes human appearance for an overall personality, ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 26(cxrting Parasummary G5) When a pumice stone isr’t enough, some people turn to fish to soften their heels. “Fish pedicures” are popular in Europe and Asia, and run between $40 and $100. The practice is slowly popping up in American salons—though some states have cited hygienic issues and banned the treatment. Prior to a traditional pedicure, clients soak their feet in a pool with over 100 garra rufa fish (from the family Cypriniformes), which nibble away dead skin to leave feet soft and refreshed. No, the garra rufa is not related to the piranha, and no, the procedure isn’t recommended for those with ticklish feet. a) Fish pedicure is a tra Europe. ional practice which is regaining popularity in ) Otherwise popular in Europe & Asia, fish pedi in America for heel softening. res are gaining traction ¢) Pedicure is an age-old practice of softening the heels and is mostly done by fish in American salons. d) A pumice stone is a better and more hygenic way of removing dead cells from heels. Q.6) You've been on a health kick and have been bingeing on baby carrots as your afternoon snack. You look in the mirror one day and notice a slight orangeness to your skin tone. Are you imagining things? Maybe not! Carrots and other orange fruits and vegetables are rich ina pigment known as beta-carotene. In humans, this pigment is converted to vitamin A by specialized cells in the small intestine. When high levels of beta-carotene are consumed, not all of the pigment is converted to vitamin A. Some of itis circulated in the blood stream. If these high leves 7(cxrting Parasummary ‘are sustained for some time, the skin may begin to take on an orange hue, a condition known as carotenemia. a) In humans, Vitamin A is made by specialised cells in the smal and is need by body in unusually large quantities. b) When high quantities of beta-carotene rich veggies and fruits like carrots are eaten, it may lead to carotenemia, a condition wherein skin turns orange. ¢) Baby carrots are an importan: source of Vit A and should be consumed on a regular basis. d) Some of the unused beta-cerotene turns hair into orange color. uulates into blood stream and Q.7) Modern society is industrial society. To modernize a society is, first of all, to industrialize it. Historically, the rise of modern society has been inextricably linked with the emergence of industrial society. All the features that are associated with modernity can be shown to be related to the set of changes that, some 250 years ago, brought into being the industrial type of society. This suggests that the terms industrialism and industrial society imply far more than the economic and technological components that make up their core. Industrialism is a way of life thet encompasses profound economic, social, political, and cultural changes. It is by undergoing the comprehensive transformation of industrialization that societies become modern. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 28(exmiing Parasummary a) Modernisation of a society is linked with industrialization and the related economic, social, political, and cultural changes which come along. b) Modern society often faces cultural challenges with older generations ¢) Industrialisation happened a‘ound 250 years ago and since then the societies have not been the same. d) People have to undergo vivid transformation when societies modernise and become service-sriented. Q.8) There is no consensus on what a slave was or on how the institution of slavery should be defined. Nevertheless, there is general agreemert among historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and others. who study slavery that most of the following characteristics should be present in order to term a person a slave. The slave was a species of property; thus, he belonged to someone else. In some societies slaves were considered movable property, in others immovable property, like real estate. They were objects of the law, not its subjects, Thus, like an ox or an ax, the slave was not ordinarily held responsible for what he did. a) Most academicians including historians, sociologists etc. agreed that a ‘slave’ by definition was like a property and belonged to someone else. b) Slavery has been differently viewed by historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and others who study slavery. ) Slaves were the backbone of an agrarian society and were the important pillars of the economy. d) Slavery is an institution which has evoked never-ending debates among the historians. ete Sa Poa ne |r od Pat | ron | rnc 2 ermurlsonntare Cig een mtn my oy ek(cxrting Parasummary Q.9) Initially, Gandhi's campaigns sought to combat the second-class status Indians received at the hands of the British regime. Eventually, however, they turned their focus to bucking the British regime altogether, a goal that was attained in the years directly after World Wer |. The victory was marred by the fact that sectarian violence within india between Hindus and Muslims necessitated the creation of two independent states—india and Pakistan—as opposed to a single unified India, a) Gandhi’s campaigns which earlier focussed to fight for the reputation of Indians, later ended up securing completed independence though by iding the country basis religicn. b) Gandhi's campaigns ultimately turned to fighting for complete national freedom from just opposing the second-class status given to Indiars under the British, ) The overthrow of the British rule was more of a painful moment than of joy due to the division of India and Pakistan. d) People followed Gandhi like God as he gained us the freedom and help jon of country basis the re Q.10} Sophisticated scanning technology is revealing intriguing secrets about Little Foot, the remarkable fossil of an early human forerunner that inhabited South Africa 3.67 millon years ago during a critical juncture in our evolutionary history. Scientists said on Tuesday they examined key parts of the nearly complete and well-preserved fossil at ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 30(cxrting Parasummary ational synchrotron facility, Diemond Light Source. The scanning focused upon Little Foot’s cranial vault — the upper part of her braincase — and her lower jaw, or mandible. The researchers gained insight not only into the biology of Little Foot’s speties but also into the hardships that ths individual, an adult female, encountered during her life. a) Little Foot is 3.67 million years old and is believed to live a life full hardships in South Africa b) Researchers are gaining insights into the life of old fossils through the new sophisticated technologies. ¢) Through scanning technology, not only the biology, but also the Little Foot (fossil) individual's usual life is being examined and revealed at Diamond light source. d) ‘Diamond Light Source’ is one of the most popular facilities in Britain for scientific research. Q.11) With COVID-19 severely impacting the operations of the automotive sector and related industries, the natural rubber requirement of tyre companies is likely to fall to 9 lakh MTs this year, although automotive and tyre companies predict even lower consumption, which ‘means the net gap between production and demand will be only 2 lakh MTs this year. Also, the industry has a carry forward stock of 3.5 lakh MTs and therefore India need not import any rubber this year, said an official in charge of production data at the Rubber Board. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 31(cxrting Parasummary ‘a) Due to the impact of COVID-19 on the automotive and ancillary industries, the demand of rubber has seen a decline and India might not need to import this year. b) As the rubber industry has enough carry forward stock, india doesn't need to import anymore. c) The tyre and automotive companies are seeing a continuous decline in the rubber demand post COVID-19 d) The gap between production and consumption of Rubber is projected at just 2 lakh this year. Q.12) Most people prefer their ice-cream to be creamy and not frozen. Though the flavour is the same, the change in texture makes it less appetizing, By studying fruit fles, researchers have now found that a family of proteins called OSCA/TMEMG3 plays an important role in sensing particle sizes in food. These proteins are also found in humars and researchers say that the new findings could help shed light on some of the nuances of our own sense of taste. a) Texture is extremely important in food; it makes people senses more responsive. b) Its no wonder that a considerable percentage of people like their ice- cream creamier. c) Anew research says that OSCA helps people sense particle sizes in food which may further help discover details around our sense of taste. d) As per the new fruit fly research, family of proteins called TMEM63 enable us make better food choces. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 32(cxrting Parasummary Q.13) The idea that arrogance is bad news, both personally and psychologically, isn’t new. Sisteenth-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne was convinced it led to dogmatic extremism and that it could result in political violence. Dogmatic zeal, he famously said, did wonders for hatred but never pulled anyone toward goodness: more wretched nor arrogant than man.” But the real political problem s not arrogant individuals per se, but arrogant ideologies. These are ideologies built around a central conviction that “we” know (the secret truths, the real nature of reality) and “they” don’t. To those in the grip of such an ideology, countervailing evidence is perceived as an existential threat—to “who we are,” to the American Way, to the white race, and so on. The arrogant ideology, in other words, makes itself immune to revision by evidence; it encourages in its adherents what José Medina hes led “active ignorance, a) Arrogant ideologies have destroyed the self-confidence of many individuals in the society. b) Arrogant ideology and not arrogant individual is the real political problem which makes people “actively ignorant”. ¢) Arrogance is a political problem revolving around one’s ignorance. d) Arrogance is the culprit whick has psychologically destroyed many. ‘eer in | 8990118999 33Ceatning Qa) The male superb lyrebird of Australia is known for its astounding ies to mimic the songs of other birds and for almost perfect replicating human-generated sounds such as camera shutters and, sadly, chainsaws. Now, new research finds that these maestros of impersonation sometimes reproduce the sounds of an entire multi- species flock while courting females and during mating, reports Jake Buehler for Science News. The study, published last week in the journal Current Biology, explains thet the male lyrebirds are specifically recreating the sounds a group o* birds makes when a predator shows up a) Male lyrebird of Australia are well-known for mimicking the human- generated sounds. b) New research finds that the male lyebirds have the am: replicate the sound of multi-species bird flock, made when a predatcr comes. ©) Jake Buehler reported the lyrebirds’ astounding al sounds of every other bird ity to mimic the d) The journal ‘Current Biology’ published shocking content about the ity of male lyrebirds to replicate sounds. Q.15) The existence of lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain was confirmed only recently — in 2015 — but scientists have long known thet they exist elsewhere in the bocy, mingled among the veins and arteries that supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs. This network of tiny, thin-walled tubes acts as the body's molecular trash collection system, The vessels collect the dear fluid called lymph that leaks from the bloodstream — filled with immune cells as well as proteins and moleculer(cxrting Parasummary jebris. These are transported to lymph nodes, small structures throughout the body that filter out the harmful waste. a) The presence of lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and elsewhere in the body is a surprse to the scientists. b) Scientists have long known agout the presence of lymphatic vessels in the body, which collect lymph and transport them to lymph nodes fer itering out the harmful waste. ¢) Lymphatic vessels exist only around the brain and help in excretion of waste through the lymph nodes d) The presence of lymphatic vessels in the by scientists for a longer time. has not been known to Q.16) For those within the intellectual property system, the escalator s famous for its association with “trademark genericide.” Genericide occurs when trademarks become so famous that they cease to identify the source of goods or services in the minds of consumers and instead become names for the goods themselves. “Escalator” is right up there with “aspirin,” “cellophane,” ard “kitty litter” as an example of a brand that morphed into its product. And it’s true that the intellectual property story of the escalator is, in part, how Charles Seeberger’s brand of moving staircases grew to symbolize the thing itself. But the larger story is about the cultural phenomenon, an invention that transformed the way we interact with the world. How people move. How sales are made. How the built world is constructed. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 35(700g Parasummary ‘a) When the brand becomes synonymous of the product itself, (ike “Escalator”, “Aspirin” to name a few), it brings about a change in the way we interact with the world. b) Certain trademarks become too famous that turn into the product identity itself. c) An invention which changes the way we live, is difficult to spot. d) The cultural changes brought about by the “trademark genericide” are not adapted easily. Q.17) To clean up an oily mess, one might reach for dish soap. But fer cleaning tar out of the eyes, throats and nasal passages of sea turtles, a common sandwich condiment proved to be a better option this week following an oil spill in Israel. Employees at Israel's National Sea Turtle Rescue used mayonnaise to treat 11 endangered green sea turtles thet washed ashore covered in tar, reports Nicoletta Lanse for Live Science. a) National Sea Turtle Rescue employees treated the sea turtles with compassion after the disaster. ) Nicoletta Lanse for Live Science reported the oil spill in Israel and how turtles were left to die. ¢) The locals were shocked upon seeing the scientists use mayonnaise to clean up the oily mess. d) Unlike the usual choice of soap, authorities in Israel used Mayonnaise to treat sea turtles from oil spill in Israel. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Chae ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 36(cxrting Parasummary GiB} Foreigners were to blame, said one political faction, charging thet immigrants were bringing the contagion into the country and spreading it from person to person. Another political group argued that it arose locally and was not contagious. A fiercely divided medical community took opposing sides in the argument over where the contagion came from and disagreed on how best to treat the disease. Federal, state and local officials and those with resources fled the city, while a huge number of people of color—falsely believed to be immune—stepped up to care for the sick and to transport the dead, even as their own communities were disproportionately hit by tre disease. a) While political groups argued, medical community were divided on the origin of contagion. Many people of color helped take care of the sick es officials with resources left the city. b) Medical community couldn't decide on the best way to treat the disease, which was contested to have come from outside. c) The contagion had spread locally and the sick were taken care of by the internal members only. The involvement of medical community wes negligible. d) Political parties were at each other's throat regarding the source of contagion and the best way to fight the disease. .19) During the American bombing campaign in Europe, the Eighth Air Force needed every fighting aircraft it could get, which often meant making heavy repairs to severey damaged bombers. In October 1944, a 8-176 nicknamed Little Miss Mschief absorbed a devastating blast from a German 88mm over Cologne. While the bomber returned safely to the ‘ee | Sri |Powa| Thane | Char ead Vie Pre | Mira Roa | Onine| ‘eer in | 8990118999 37(eating Parasummary Dist Bomb Group’s home airfield at Bassingbourn, it left ground crews with a massive repair job. The nose and wings of Little Miss Mischief were almost untouched, but the aft fuselage, ball turret, and waist area were a mess. In order to return the bomber to action, ground crews went shopping for a donor aircraft a) ‘Little Miss Mischief’ was cuite popular during American bombing campaign in 1944 and was quickly taken for repairs post damage. b) The Eighth Air Force needed all possible fighting resources during the American bombing in Europe aid therefore had to keep spare bombers, ready. ©) A bomber once damaged couldn't be repaired easily during mid twentieth century. d) Heavy repairs to damaged bombers were common during the ‘American bombing in Europe, one called ‘Little Miss Mischief’ had sent the crew searching for a donor zircraft. Q.20) At least until recently, tke means to find 2 viable and affordable energy solution is more important than making solar cells aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. Traditional solar panels on American rooftors aren't exactly subtle or pleasing to the eye. They've been an eyesore fer neighbors at times, and surely a pain for homeowners associations to deal with, but the benefits to the environment are substantial. So, where's the balance? Today, companies are striving towards better looking and advanced solar technology, such as building-applied photovoltaic (BAPV). This type of discreet solar cell is integrated into existing roof tiles or ceramic and glass facades of buildings. ‘ee | Soria |Powa| Thane | Char Read Vie Pre | Mira Road | Onis ‘eer in | 8990118999 38(exmiing Parasummary ry source In the recent times. b) Solar panels in America have been an eyesore for the neighbors, ) Solar technology needs to be much better looking if we have to make t part and parcel of our lives in the long run. d) Although, so far, the focus n the usage of solar cells has been nct more on aesthetics but on functionality and the fact that it is environment-friendly, companies are now figuring better looking advanced tech. 39(cxrting Parasummary Answer Key uc) 2A) 3(8) 5(B) a) | 7a) 8IA) 20) LIA) 12(C) 13(8) 14(8) 15( 16(A) 17(0) 18(A) 19(D) 20(0) Solutions Q.1) Answer-C, While a, b, and d partly capture some of the given points, option c seems to be the appropriate one with all aspects being captured. Q.2) Answer-A, The given para talks about the remote learning and its impact, Option a rightly captures the idea, Option b could be one of the challenges but has not been explicitly mentioned. Option c captures a generi¢ poirt. Option d, there is no third wave mentioned in the given para Q.3) Answer- B, Only option b talks about medicinal cannibalism which is the subject of the given para. Q.4) Answer-C, Option ¢ captures the point cbout the evolved methods of pursuing beauty and is in line with what is there in the given para. 40(700g Parasummary G5) Answer-8, The para is about the growing fopularity of fish pedicure in America and is in line with option b. Q.6) Answer- B, The para describes the development of condition known as carotenemia. Option b summarizes the pracess the best. Option a mentions about high requirement which is not given. Option c suggests regular intake, which isn’t as such mentioned. Option d mentions change in hair color while the para talks about change in skin tone. 7) Answer- A, The para talks about the relatonship between the modernization and industrialization. A captures thiswell. As in option b, nothing has been mentioned about older generatiors specifically. C.&d do not bring out this relationship 8) Answer- A, The para talks about the slave and the characteristics associated with the practice. Statement A captures this well Q.9) Answer- A, Option a rightly captures the essence of the given para. Option b is close but fails to capture the point about the India-Pakistan a(700g Parasummary “—“QiyanwerC Only option c is able to appropriately brief the given para with necessary details and facts about the fossil. Option d gives a fact, option 2 misses out on technology and option b misses out on Q.11) Answer- A, The para is about the rubber import needs of India in the light of changing scenarios due to COVID-19, as summarized rightly by Option A. Q.12) Answer- C, The given para talks about the role of specific proteins in sensing the taste. This idea is captured by option c. Q.13) Answer- 8, The given para discusses’ the nitty gritties of ‘arrogance’ as an idea. Statement b rightly captures all the details. Q.14) Answer- B, The para talks about the ability of male lyebirds to mimic songs and the new research findings around it. Option b captures the idea. Q.15) Answer- B, The para is about the presence and function of lymphatic vessels. Option bb captures all the points correcty. a2(cxrting Parasummary “Qiganwer Ay The para is about the ‘trademark genericide’ and the cultural impact of the phenomenon. It showcases a couple of brands’ examples. Option b fails the capture the ‘cultural’ aspect. Option cis a generic statement about invention. In ref to option d, nothing is mentioned about the difficulty level of adoption. Q.17) Answer- D, The given para puts forward the point of unusually using mayonnaise rather than soap to clean up oil spill in Israel. Option d captures this point completely. Q.18) Answer- A, The para talks about the spread of the disease and how various political and medical reps had their own notions around it. Option b focuses on the decision making by medical community which s not the point. Option ¢ states that medical community didn’t involve, which can’t be interpreted from the given information In reference to option d, while it is mentioned that political parties had varied opinions, it can’t be concluded that they were at each other's throats. Q.19) Answer- D, The para talks about the neec of immediate repairs to deal with the demand of aircraft, which is captured appropriately in option d. fee Baa Poa Thane | nd| a| Mraon |G Z(exmiing Parasummary 0.20) Answer- D, Option d talks about the shift towards the aesthetic appeal of soler panels as discussed in the gi Option a mentions solar ce be true Option b is just the reiteration of the second sentence in the given para. Option c states the visual appeal of solar panels as a must have, while the para just states its growing impcrtance. n passage. “the most’ viable which may or may net Deter | Sal | Pow | Thane] Ca Road | ile Pate | Mira Road | Onno ua