Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal

and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?

MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH

Who was jinnah?

⮚ He was born in the Shia Ismaili business Family from Gujrat.

⮚ His father was Jinnah Poonja, and his mother was Mitthi Bai.
⮚ His original name was Mohammad Ali.
⮚ Born on December 25th, 1876, in Karachi (Wazir Mansion).
⮚ By profession, he was a lawyer.
⮚ He got the title of Quiad-e-Azam.
⮚ He died in on September 11th, 1948.

JINNAH IN POLITICS DURING BRITISH RAJ

➢ 1906: Became member of the Imperial legislative Council.

➢ 1906: Joined Congress.
➢ 1913: Joined league (at this point, Jinnah was a member of both the parties and worked
to bring both parties together). He earned the title of “ambassador of Hindu-Muslim
unity”.
1916: Became president of league and helped sign the Lucknow Pact which, when broke,
made Muslims realize that the ideas of Sir Syed were genuine.
➢ 1919: Protested against Rowlat Act by resigning from Imperial Legislative Council.
➢ 1920: Resigned from Congress due to their anti-Muslim demands.
➢ 1927: Issued Delhi proposals to safeguard the rights of Muslims.
➢ 1927: Lead league to reject the Simon Commission.
➢ 1928: Provided 3 amendments to the Nehru Report which were rejected
➢ 1929: 14 points which contained all the major Muslim demands of that time.
➢ 1930-31: Represented Muslims in the first two RTCs.
➢ 1932: Uninvited in the third RTC for he spoke for the benefits of Muslims. After this, he
went
into exile.
➢ 1934: Became lifetime President of Muslim league.
➢ 1935: Returned to Indian politics on requests of Iqbal and Liaquat Ali Khan.
➢ 1937: Lead Muslim league in elections and campaigned heavily. Membership of league
increased ten times from 10000 people.
➢ 1939: Asked Muslims to celebrate the day of deliverance.
➢ 1940: He realized the ideas of Sir Syed, Iqbal, and Rehmat Ali were right and so he agreed
to
pass the Lahore Resolution on March 23rd.
➢ 1942: Rejected the Cripps Mission
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Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
➢ 1942: Rejected the Quit India Movement
➢ 1944: Gandhi-Jinnah talks were held in Jinnah’s house where Jinnah reminded Gandhi of
his
position as Hindu spokesperson only.
➢ 1945: Attended Simla conference and promoted the idea of Pakistan.
➢ 1946: He rejected Cabinet mission and announced the “Direct Action Day.”
➢ 1946: League performed better than 1937 elections under Jinnah.
➢ 1947: Pakistan gained independence and he became the first GG.

JINNAH’s services for newly established Pakistan

EFFORT TO INCREASE NATIONAL UNITY

➢ He visited EP and KPK, asking people to focus on national unity rather than cultural
differences.
➢ He urged the people of Pakistan through speeches to accept Urdu as the national language
while they could still speak their mother tongue.
➢ He tried to give a full sense of security to the minorities and called himself “protector
general” of minorities.
➢ He asked the Pakistani government not to intervene in the tribal territories and he
personally met the tribal leaders to ensure that they felt a part of the nation.
➢ He joined the UNO in 1947 which brought Pakistan a sense of pride as a nation.

EFFORT FOR GOVERNMENT FORMATION

➢ Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, a dedicated
politician.
➢ A constituent assembly was formed to work as a cabinet and frame a new constitution.
➢ Karachi was declared as Pakistan’s capital.
➢ Jinnah promoted the set up of Central Secretariat
➢ Jinnah sent special trains to bring qualified people back to Pakistan. An agreement with
TATA Air was also signed to bring such people to Pakistan.
➢ He rented private buildings to be used as government offices.
➢ Civil services were improved.
➢ He created the Federal court which completed the judicial structure of Pakistan.
➢ Government servants were strictly asked to treat people with utmost generosity and
care.

EFFORT TO MAKE ARMY STRONG

➢ He hired 500 British officers to look after the army staff of Pakistan.
➢ He gave special commissions to cadets.

EFFORT TO REDUCE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

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Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
➢ Jinnah sent delegations to ask for funding from foreign countries.
➢ He asked to inaugurate the State Bank of Pakistan on July 1st, 1948.
➢ He signed a temporary agreement with India pertaining to canal water dispute. This
allowed the agriculture to work properly in Pakistan.

EFFORT TO RESOLVE REFUGEE PROBLEMS

➢ He declared the refugee problem a grave emergency.
➢ He shifted his head quarter from Karachi to Lahore to keep a direct eye on migration.
➢ He graciously announced “Quiad Relief Fund” to help the poor migrants and establish
towns for them to live in.

ALLAMA DR. MOHAMMAD IQBAL

Who was MOHAMMAD IQBAL?

⮚ Birth: November 9th, 1973, in Sialkot.

⮚ Death: April 21st, 1938.
⮚ He was a poet and philosopher.
⮚ He knew Arabic, Persian, and Urdu very well.
⮚ He was given the title of “Allama”, meaning scholar.
⮚ He also earned the title of “architect of Pakistan”.
⮚ His son Javed Iqbal also served Pakistan as a senior judge.

Contributions of Iqbal

⮚ Iqbal wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. For example, Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa. This
nationalist poetry helped to awaken a sense of nationhood in Muslims during the British
era, and they worked to get their own homeland.
⮚ He wrote books on religious philosophy like Reconstruction of religious thought which
inspired many scholars. This increased educational standard of Muslims.
⮚ He supported the Khilafat movement.
⮚ He was one of the founding fathers of Jamia Millia Islamia.
⮚ In 1926, he won a seat in the Punjab legislative assembly.
⮚ In 1928, he was appointed as the secretary of the Shafi group of league.
⮚ He appeared as a witness to the Simon Commission in 1928.
⮚ He attended a Muslim conference in Delhi in 1929.
⮚ He became the president of league in 1930 and delivered the famous “Allahabad
Address”. He was the first Muslim leader to advocate the partition of India and the
creation of a separate Muslim state. After his Allahabad address in 1930 when he put
forward this view, many Muslims seriously considered separatism during the 1930s.
⮚ He attended the second RTC with Jinnah and third RTC alone.
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Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
⮚ He was opposed to British control of India – conquest of others was wrong and went
against the Muslim faith, this strengthened his view of a separate homeland, independent
of the British.
⮚ He persuaded many Muslims that the Muslim League had to build an effective mass
political party to challenge the domination of the Congress.
⮚ Jinnah accepted many of his ideas and went on to lead the Muslim League as a highly
effective political party.
⮚ Iqbal’s poetry awakened a sense of nationhood among Muslims, and he urged them to be
active in making progress along a distinctive Islamic path and not capitalist in nature.
⮚ Many Muslims adopted this vision as a view of the future.
REHMAT ALI

Who was rehmat ali?

⮚ Birth: 1897.
⮚ He went to Cambridge for higher studies.
⮚ Died in England on February 3rd, 1951, and is buried there.

Contributions of rehmat ali

⮚ He attended the RTCs in London to analyze the views of the Hindus and Muslims.
⮚ He wanted a separate independent state whereas Iqbal was also ready for dominion
status of a federation where Muslim majority areas which he named in his address would
be combined.
⮚ In 1933 he and some fellow students produced a pamphlet called ‘Now or Never’ in which
he argued in favor of partition and gave the name Pakistan to this new Muslim state that
would be formed. This became popular amongst most Muslims during the 1930s.
⮚ In 1933, he also formed the “Pakistan National Movement” to advocate the establishment
of Pakistan.
⮚ He criticized plans to abandon Muslim communities in such places as Delhi as well as
accepting a divided Bengal.
⮚ Jinnah refused to meet him.
⮚ Ali’s vision of the future was adopted in the longer term.

AFFILIATIONS:
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| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?

TOPICAL QUESTIONS

1. Who was Mohammad Ali Jinnah? [4]

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2. Who was Mohammad Iqbal? [4]

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3. Who was Rehmat Ali? [4]

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4. What was the Now or Never? [4]

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Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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5. Describe the contributions of Rehmat Ali. [4]

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6. Describe the contributions of Mohammad Iqbal.

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7. Describe how the views of Iqbal varied from the views of Rehmat Ali.

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8. Why was Rehmat Ali an important figure in the Pakistan movement? [7]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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9. Why Iqbal had such a great impact on the evolution of the Pakistan movement? [7]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
10. ‘Iqbal contributed more to the Pakistan movement than Rehmat Ali’ Do you agree? Give
reasons for your answer. [14]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?

11. ‘Jinnah’s work was more important than that of Iqbal and Rehmat Ali’. How far do you
agree to the statement? Give reasons for your answer. [14]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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12. ‘Reaching a temporary solution for the canal water dispute was Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s
greatest achievement as the governor general of Pakistan.’ Do you agree? Discuss. [14]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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13. The declaration of Day of Deliverance in 1939 was Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s greatest
achievement in the years 1929 to 1947. Do you agree? Explain your answer. [14]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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14. Jinnah’s pre-partition contributions were more important than post-partition ones.
Evaluate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement. [14]

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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |
Key question 10: How important were the contributions of Jinnah, Allama Iqbal
and Rahmat Ali to the success of the Pakistan Movement to 1947?
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AFFILIATIONS:
| PAK-TURK MAARIF | KARACHI PUBLIC SCHOOL | MSB | KCS | RW ACADEMY |
| GNOSIS ACADEMY | ZAI ACADEMY | BASE | ACCEL | Nazimabad Central Academy |ILD |