Isuzu WorldWide 2018 EPC [03.

2018] Spare Parts Catalog

Isuzu WorldWide 2018 EPC [03.2018]

Spare Parts Catalog
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**Isuzu WorldWide 2018 EPC [03.2018] Parts Catalog Size: 14.58Gb Languages:
English Type of catalog: Spare Parts Catalog Isuzu WorldWide 2018 Make: Isuzu
Region: WorldWide Amount of disks: 2 DVD-DL Window: Windows XP 32 bit,
Windows 7 32 bit, Windows 7 64 bit, Windows 8/8.1 32 bit, Windows 8/8.1 64 bit,
Windows 10 32 bit, Windows 10 64 bit** Electronic parts catalog Isuzu (EPC)
contains spare parts and accessories information for Isuzu Buses, Components,
Pickups, SUVs, Trucks. EPC covers the details list of spare parts, components,
and accessories for Isuzu vehicles. Isuzu EPC includes a lot of illustrations, charts,
and graphs, on which he will see the location of the necessary details, and it can
carry out installation or removal of any equipment spare parts of vehicles Isuzu.
Parts catalog includes a simple search function that allows searching for parts by
part number, description, section (group-subgroup), or PNC. If you have not yet
navigated to a catalog, you can search for parts by full part number only. For
searching parts, you need to enter a VIN, chassis number, or serial number (last
eight digits) to display only components associated with a specific unit. Isuzu EPC
2018 covers: BUSES 10676 - LT 111, 112, 132, 133 91- 11031 - LT134-RHD
EURO4 07- 11207 - LT134 (RHD) EURO2/5 09- 10892 - LT134-RHD EXC.EURO4
01- 11698 - LT134 RHD EURO2 16- 11562 - LT434-RHD EURO5 14- 11776 -
LT434-RHD EURO6 17- 11032 - LT134 (LHD) EURO4 07- 11206 - LT134 LHD
EURO2/3/5 09- 10794 - LT (TAIWAN) 98 - 06 10818 - LV123/150/423-RHD 01-
10852 - LV123/150-LHD 01- 10948 - LV123/423-LHD 04- 11523 -
LV152/452(LHD) EURO4 13- 10695 - LV233 (THAI) 98- 10722 - LV280 (THAI) 97-
10885 - LV423 (THAI) BMTA 01- 11049 - LV433 (RHD) EURO4 07- 11209 - LV434
(RHD) EURO3/5 09- 11100 - LV434 (LHD) EURO4 07- 11208 - LV434 (LHD)
EURO3 09- 10663 - MR 91 - 95 10824 - MR-LHD 00- 10969 - MT133/FTR
(FRAME BUS) RHD 05- 11737 - MT134 RHD 16- 11738 - MT134 LHD 16- 10650 -
MT111, 112 91 - 04 10662 - MT (THAI) 91 - 94 10857 - MV118 95- 10853 - MV123
(RHD) 01- COMPO 11211 - LR COMPOPARTS TURKEY 09- 11461 - 6HK1

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COMPO (MALAYSIA) 12- PICKUP 50651 - TFR/TFS-RHD 93 - 96 50725 -
TFR/TFS-RHD 97 - 98 50800 - TFR/TFS-RHD 99 - 03 50965 - TFR/TFS-RHD 04 -
08 51194 - TFR/TFS-RHD 09 - 11 51412 - TFR/TFS-RHD 12 - 12 51474 -
TFR/TFS-RHD 13 - 13 51513 - TFR/TFS-RHD 14 - 14 51580 - TFR/TFS RHD 15 -
15 51639 - TFR/TFS RHD 16 - 16 51680 - TFR/TFS RHD 17 - 51516 - TFR
(INDIA) 14 - 15 50652 - TFR/TFS-LHD 93 - 96 50726 - TFR/TFS-LHD 97 - 98
50801 - TFR/TFS-LHD 99 - 03 50964 - TFR/TFS-LHD 04 - 11 51411 -
TFR/TFS-LHD 12 - 12 51473 - TFR/TFS-LHD 13 - 13 51583 - TFR/TFS LHD 14 -
15 51647 - TFR/TFS LHD 16 - 16 51690 - TFR/TFS LHD 17 - 51576 - TFR/TFS
JIANGXI 15 - 50920 - TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-RHD 02 - 03 50967 - TFR/TFS
(EUROPE)-RHD 04 - 51375 - TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-RHD 12 - 12 51477 - TFR/TFS
(EUROPE)-RHD 13 - 13 51582 - TFR/TFS RHD EUROPE 14 - 16 51670 -
TFR/TFS RHD EUROPE 17 - 50727 - TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-LHD 97 - 98 50802 -
TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-LHD 99 - 03 50966 - TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-LHD 04- 51374 -
TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-LHD 12 - 12 51476 - TFR/TFS (EUROPE)-LHD 13 - 13
51581 - TFR/TFS LHD EUROPE 14 - 16 51669 - TFR/TFS LHD EUROPE 17 -
50936 - TFR/TFS (AUSTRALIA) 03 - 51171 - TFR/TFS CHEV HOLDEN 08 -
51100 - TFR/S GM MIDDLE EAST 07 - 51277 - TFR/TFS MIDDLE EAST 04 - 11
51408 - TFR/TFS MIDDLE EAST 12 - 12 51472 - TFR/TFS MIDDLE EAST 13 - 14
51603 - TFR/TFS MIDDLE EAST 15 - 15 51421 - TFR/TFS (MALAYSIA) 13 - 14
51608 - TFR/TFS (MALAYSIA) 15 - 16 51692 - TFR/TFS (MALAYSIA) 17 - 50982 -
TFR/S (CHEVROLET) THAI 05 - 50890 - TFR/S (THAILAND) 01 - 02 50931 -
TFR/TFS (THAILAND) 03 - 11 51373 - TFR/TFS (THAILAND) 12 - 13 51491 -
TFR/TFS (THAILAND) 14 - 14 51579 - TFR/TFS THAILAND 15 - 15 51632 -
TFR/TFS THAILAND 16 - 16 51672 - TFR/TFS THAILAND 17 - 51485 - TFR
SHORT (THAI) 13 - 16 51673 - TFR SHORT (THAI) 17 - 50958 - TFR/TFS
THAI-RUNG 03 - 51646 - TFR/TFS MIDDLE EAST 16 - 16 51689 - TFR/TFS
MIDDLE EAST 17 - 51660 - TFR/TFS(INDIA) 16 - SUV 50663 - TBR
(INDONESIA) 91 - 96 50823 - TBR (INDONESIA) 00 - 04 50909 - TBR-LHD 01 -
06 50919 - TBR (GM-INDONESIA) 02 - 51134 - TBR-PICKUP INDONESIA 07 -
51135 - TBR-WAGON (INDONESIA) 07 - 51128 - TBR-LHD 07 - 50658 -
UBS-RHD 92 - 97 50757 - UBS-RHD 98 - 02 50772 - UBS-TROOPER (CANADA)
98 - 02 50756 - UBR/UBS USA 98 - 02 50659 - UBS/LHD 92 - 97 50775 -
UBS-LHD 98 - 02 50803 - UBS (TAIWAN)-LHD 98 - 50754 - UES (4DOOR)-LHD
98 - 50807 - UES (AUSTRALIA) 99 - 50893 - UPR/UPS AXIOM USA 02 - 04
50910 - UPS AXIOM LHD 02 - 03 50922 - UPS-AXIOM (CANADA) 02 - 03 50753 -
UER/UES-RODEO (AIMI) 98 - 04 50778 - UES-RODEO (CANADA) 98 - 03 50781
- UER/UES AMIGO/RODEO SPORT USA 98 - 03 50688 - UC-LHD 93 - 97 51032
- UCR/UCS-LHD 05 - 13 51517 - UCR/UCS-LHD 14 - 15 51027 - UCR/UCS
(THAILAND) 05 - 13 51488 - UCR/UCS (THAILAND) 15 - 15 51645 - UCR/UCS
(THAILAND) 16 - 16 51696 - UCR/UCS (THAILAND) 17 - 17 51725 - UCR/UCS
(THAILAND) 18 - 51518 - UCR/UCS (MALAYSIA) 14 - 15 51651 - UCR/UCS
(MALAYSIA) 16 - 16 51683 - UCR/UCS (MALAYSIA) 17 - 17 51731 - UCR/UCS
(MALAYSIA) 18 - 50892 - UCS (THAILAND) 01 - 04 51489 - UCR/UCS-RHD 14 -
14 51578 - UCR/UCS RHD 15 - 15 51659 - UCR/UCS RHD 16 - 16 51681 -
UCR/UCS RHD 17 - 17 51729 - UCR/UCS RHD 18 - 51617 - UCR/S JIANGXI 15 -
51506 - UCR RHD (INDIA) 14 - 51728 - UCR/UCS RHD (INDIA) 17 - 51519 -
UCR/UCS (INDONESIA) - 51652 - UCR/UCS (INDONESIA) 16 - 16 51684 -
UCR/UCS (INDONESIA) 17 - 17 51732 - UCR/UCS (INDONESIA) 18 - 51520 -
UCR/UCS (MIDDLE EAST) 14 - 15 51653 - UCR/UCS (MIDDLE EAST) 16 - 16
51685 - UCR/UCS (MIDDLE EAST) 17 - 50685 - WFR-RHD 94 - 95 50686 -
WFR-LHD 94 - 95 50641 - UBS 92 - 97 51650 - UCR/UCS-LHD 16 - 16 51682 -
UCR/UCS LHD 17 - 17 51730 - UCR/UCS LHD 18 - TRUCKS 10661 - CVR 90 -
95 10723 - CVR LHD 96 - 00 10860 - CVR LHD 01 - 10585 - CXH RHD 86 - 95
10722 - CXH RHD 96 - 00 10882 - CXH RHD 01 - 04 10930 - CXH RHD 03 - 06
10953 - CXH/CYH NEW ZEALAND 04 - 10883 - CXH LHD 01 - 05 10910 - CXJ
RHD 03 - 04 10869 - CXY(51) RHD AUSTRALIA 01 - 05 11021 - CXY
AUSTRALIA 06 - 11113 - CXY AUST EURO5/JAPAN NEWLONG TERM 2005 08
- 11010 - CYH LHD WITH 2STEPS 06 - 11271 - CYH LHD EURO2/3/4 WITH
3STEPS 10 - 11752 - CYH LHD EURO5 16 - 11533 - CYH LHD EURO2 WITH
REFLECTOR 13 - 11318 - CYH MIDDLE EAST WITH 2STEPS 06 - 11322 - CYH
LHD MIDDLE EAST EURO2 WITH 3STEPS 10 - 11109 - CYH NZ EURO2/3
JAPAN NEW SHORT TERM 2004 08 - 11198 - CYH NZ EURO4/JAPAN NEW
LONG TERM 2005 09 - 10660 - CXZ RHD 90 - 95 10720 - CXZ RHD 96 - 00
10874 - CXZ RHD 01 - 04 10929 - CXZ RHD 03 - 06 10954 - CXZ/CYZ NEW
ZEALAND 04 - 10880 - CXZ RHD 10PE1 TWIN VERTICAL 01 - 02 10819 - CXZ
RHD SINGAPORE 00 - 10870 - CXZ(51) RHD AUSTRALIA 01 - 05 10688 -
CXZ/CYZ 95 - 99 11020 - CXZ AUSTRALIA 06 - 11112 - CXZ/CYZ RHD AUST/NZ
EURO5/JNLT 2005 08 - 10875 - CXZ LHD S-CAM BRAKE 01 - 04 11013 - CXZ
LHD WEDGE BRAKE 05 - 10820 - CXZ LHD CHINA 00 - 03 10949 - CXZ CHINA
05 - 10669 - CXM/CXZ LHD 90 - 95 10721 - CXM/CXZ LHD 96 - 00 10873 - CXM
LHD 01 - 06 10686 - CXM/CYM 95 - 99 11035 - CYH RHD EURO4 07 - 11539 -
CYH CHINA EURO4 13 - 11289 - CYH RHD EURO5 10 - 11756 - CYH RHD
EURO6 16 - 11677 - CYH RHD EURO2 13 - 11524 - CYH RHD EURO2 13 -
11534 - CYJ RHD EURO5 13 - 11678 - CY J RHD EURO5 15 - 11006 - CYJ NEW
ZEALAND 05 - 11110 - CYJ NZ JAPAN NEW SHORT TERM 2004 08 - 11200 -
CYJ NZ EURO4/JAPAN NEW LONG TERM 2005 09 - 11045 - CYM LHD 07 -
11022 - CYZ RHD 06 - 11036 - CYZ RHD EURO4 07 - 11290 - CYZ RHD EURO5
10 - 11754 - CYZ RHD EURO6 16 - 11679 - CYZ RHD EURO5 15 - 11535 - CYZ
RHD EURO2 13 - 11023 - CYZ LHD WITH 2STEPS 06 - 11272 - CYZ LHD
EURO2/3/4 WITH 3STEPS 10 - 11537 - CYZ LHD EURO2 WITH REFLECTOR 13
- 11323 - CYZ LHD MIDDLE EAST EURO2 WITH 3STEPS 10 - 11046 - CYZ LHD
EURO4 07 - 11525 - CYZ CHINA EURO4 13 - 11817 - CYZ CHINA EURO5 17 -
11501 - CYZ LHD EURO5 13 - 11330 - CYZ MIDDLE EAST WITH 2STEPS 06 -
11111 - CYZ NZ EURO3/JAPAN NEW SHORT TERM 2004 08 - 11199 - CYZ
NEW ZEALAND EURO4 09 - 11038 - EXD RHD EURO4 07 - 11293 - EXD RHD
EURO5 10- 10865 - EXD RHD FUEL TANK 400L/400L+200L 01 - 06 11024 - EXD
AUSTRALIA 06 - 11114 - EXD AUST JAPAN NEW LONG TERM 2005 08 - 10866
- EXD LHD FUEL TANK 400L 01 - 06 10658 - EXR RHD 90 - 95 10724 - EXR
RHD 96 - 00 11037 - EXR RHD EURO4 07 - 11292 - EXR RHD EURO5 10 -
11757 - EXR RHD EURO6 16 - 11502 - EXR RHD EURO2 13 - 10863 - EXR RHD
FUEL TANK 200L+200L 01 - 04 10867 - EXR RHD FUEL TANK 400L 01 - 04
10672 - EXR LHD 90 - 95 10725 - EXR LHD FUEL TANK 200L+200L/400L 96 - 00
10807 - EXR LHD FUEL TANK 400L 99 - 00 10868 - EXR LHD FUEL TANK 400L
01 - 06 10864 - EXR LHD FUEL TANK 200L+200L 01 - 05 10862 - EXR LHD
FUEL TANK 400L/400L+400L 01 - 04 11047 - EXR LHD EURO4 WITH 2STEPS
07 - 11751 - EXR LHD EURO5 16 - 11273 - EXR LHD EURO2/3/4 WITH 3STEPS
10 - 12 11538 - EXR LHD EURO2 WITH REFLECTOR 13 - 11320 - EXR MIDDLE
EAST WITH 2STEPS 06 - 11324 - EXR MIDDLE EAST WITH 3STEPS 10 - 10950
- EXR LHD WEDGE BRAKE 06 - 09 10805 - EXY RHD 00 - 10956 - EXY NEW
ZEALAND 04 - 11118 - EXY NZ JNST04 EXC. HYDRAULIC RETARDER 08 -
11201 - EXY NEW ZELAND EURO4 09 - 11116 - EXY AUST JNLT05
EXC.HYDRAULIC RETARDER 08 - 11149 - EXY SOUTH AFRICA 08 - 11680 -
EXY RHD EURO5 15 - 11117 - EXY AUST/NZ HYDRAULIC RETARDER 08 -
10653 - EXZ 90 - 95 11039 - EXZ RHD EURO4 07 - 11294 - EXZ RHD EURO5 10
- 11755 - EXZ RHD EURO6 16 - 11526 - EXZ RHD EURO2 13 - 10726 - EXZ
FUEL TANK 200L+200L/300L 96 - 00 10806 - EXZ RHD FUEL TANK 400L 99 - 00
10878 - EXZ RHD FUEL TANK 400L 01 - 04 10876 - EXZ RHD FUEL TANK
200L+200L 01 - 06 10871 - EXZ RHD FUEL TANK 400L/400L+400L 01 - 10955 -
EXZ NEW ZEALAND 04 - 11115 - EXZ NZ JAPAN NEW SHORT TERM 2004 08 -
10796 - EXZ LHD FUEL TANK 400L 99 - 00 10879 - EXZ LHD FUEL TANK 400L
01 - 10877 - EXZ LHD FUEL TANK 200L+200L 01 - 05 10872 - EXZ LHD FUEL
TANK 400L/400L+400L 01 - 05 10964 - EZ LHD WEDGE BRAKE 06 - 11048 -
EXZ LHD EURO4 WITH 2STEPS 07 - 11745 - EXZ LHD EURO5 15 - 11274 - EXZ
LHD EURO2/3/4 WITH 3STEPS 10 - 12 11536 - EXZ LHD EURO2 WITH
REFLECTOR 13 - 11321 - EXZ MIDDLE EAST WITH 2STEPS 06 - 11325 - EXZ
MIDDLE EAST WITH 3STEPS 10 - 10648 - CHR/CJR/CQR 90 - 99 11395 - FRR
RHD EURO1 11 - 11027 - FRR RHD EURO4 07 - 10698 - FRR RHD EXC.
EURO3 96 - 06 11102 - FRR RHD EURO2/4 SPACECAB 08 - 12 11507 - FRR
RHD EURO2/4 SPACECAB 13 - 11414 - FRR RHD EURO5 SPACECAB 11 - 13
11553 - FRR RHD EURO5 SPACECAB 14 - 11727 - FRR RHD EURO6
SPACECAB 17 - 11362 - FRR RHD EURO4 SPACECAB WITH DOC 11 - 11416 -
FRR AUSTRALIA EURO4 SPACECAB 08 - 11303 - FRR AUST/NZ EURO5
SPACECAB 11 - 13 11549 - FRR AUST/NZ EURO5 SPACECAB 14 - 11720 -
FRR AUST/NZ JNLT09 SPACECAB 16 - 11101 - FRR RHD EURO2/4
EXC.SPACECAB 08 - 12 11506 - FRR RHD EURO2 EXC.SPACECAB 13 - 11232
- FRR RHD EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 09 - 13 11552 - FRR RHD EURO5
EXC.SPACECAB 14 - 11546 - FRR RHD EUROPE EURO6 EXC.SPACECAB 14 -
11628 - FRR RHD EUROPE EURO6 EXC.SPACECAB EVSC 15 - 11760 - FRR
RHD EUROPE EURO6 EXC.SPACECAB 17 - 11415 - FRR AUSTRALIA EURO4
EXC.SPACECAB 08 - 11326 - FRR AUSTRALIA EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 11 -
13 11548 - FRR AUST/NZ EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 14 - 11714 - FRR AUST/NZ
EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 16 - 10889 - FRR(34) RHD 01 - 11138 - FRR RHD
EUROPE EURO4 SPACECAB 09 - 11236 - FRR RHD EUROPE EURO5
SPACECAB 10 - 11547 - FRR RHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB 14 - 11629 -
FRR RHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB 14 - 11761 - FRR RHD EUROPE
EURO6 SPACECAB 17 - 11122 - FRR THAILAND 08 - 11476 - FRR THAILAND
EURO3 13 - 13 11574 - FRR THAILAND EURO3 14 - 14 11646 - FRR THAILAND
EURO3 15 - 11390 - FRR (INDONEZIA) 11 - 13 11563 - FRR (INDONEZIA) 14 -
11740 - FRR INDONESIA 16 - 11040 - FRR (LHD) EURO4 07 - 10699 - FRR
(LHD) EXC.EURO4 96 - 11120 - FRR-L EU2/4 EXC.SPAC 08 - 12 11504 - FRR-L
EURO2 EXC.SPACECAB 13 - 11475 - FRR-L EURO5 EXC. SPAC 13 - 13 11551 -
FRR-L EURO5 EXC.SPAC 14 - 11121 - FRR(LHD) SPACECAB 08 - 12 11505 -
FRR(LHD) SPACECAB 13 - 11440 - FRR-L SPACE EU4 DOC 11 - 11137 -
FRR-LHD(EU) SPACE EU4 09 - 11230 - FRR-LHD(EU) SPACE EU5 10 - 11545 -
FRR-LHD (EU) SPACE EU6 14 - 11627 - FRR LHD EUROPE EURO6
SPACECAB EVSC 15 - 11744 - FRR LHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB LDWS
16 - 11762 - FRR LHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB 17 - 11160 - FRR SCAB
S.AFRICA 09 - 11162 - FRREXC. SCAB S. AFRICA 09 - 11310 - FRR (MIDDLE
EAST) 96 - 03 11333 - FRR (MIDEAST) 6H ENG 04 - 11584 - FRR MIDDLE EAST
SPACE CAB 15 - 11350 - FRR (MIDEAST) 4H ENG 08 - 14 10826 -
FRR/FSR/FRD (AUST) 00 - 10775 - FRR/FVR (TAIWAN) 98 - 07 10808 -
FRR-G/FSR/FTR TAIWAN 99 - 06 10624 - FSR-RHD 92 - 95 11028 - FSR (RHD)
EURO4 07 - 11103 - FSR-R EU2 / 4EXC. SPACE 08 - 12 11509 - FSR-R
EU2/4EXC. SPACE 13 - 11367 - FSR-R W/DOC EXC.SPA 11 - 11233 - FSR-R
EU5 EXC.SPACE 09 - 13 11554 - FSR-R EU5 EXC.SPACE 14 - 11726 - FSR
RHD EURO6 EXC.SPACECAB 17 - 10700 - FSR32, 33 (RHD) 96 - 11399 - FSR
(RHD) EURO1 11 - 11139 - FSR-R(EU) EU4 EXC. SPA 09 - 11237 - FSR-R (EU)
EU5 EXC.SPA 10 - 11140 - FSR-RHD(EU) SPACE EU4 09 - 11238 - FSR-RHD
(EU) SPACE EU5 10 - 11560 - FSR-RHD (EU) SPACE EU6 14 - 11683 - FSR
RHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB EVSC 15 - 16 11763 - FSR RHD EUROPE
EURO6 SPACECAB 17 - 11418 - FSR (AUST) EU4 EXC. SPA 08 - 11327 - FSR
(AUST/NZ) EURO5 11 - 13 11550 - FSR (AUST/NZ) EURO5 14 - 11715 - FSR
AUST/NZ EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 16 - 11721 - FSR AUST/NZ JNLT09
SPACECAB 16 - 10890 - FSR34 (RHD) 01 - 11227 - FSR(CNG) AUSTRALIA 09 -
11161 - FSR (SOUTH AFRICA) 09 - 11364 - FSR (MALAYSIA) W/B4200 97 - 11
11357 - FSR (MALAYSIA) W/B5500 04 - 11 11603 - FSR (MALAYSIA) 14 - 10625
- FSR-LHD 93 - 95 10701 - FSR (LHD) EXC.EURO4 96 - 11398 - FSR (LHD)
EURO1 11 - 11724 - FSR LHD EURO5 EXC.SPACECAB 16 - 11041 - FSR (LHD)
EURO4 07 - 11123 - FSR (LHD) 08 - 12 11508 - FSR (LHD) 13 - 11150 -
FSR-LHD (EU) SPACE EU4 09 - 11231 - FSR-LHD (EU) SPACE EU5 10 - 11561 -
FSR-LHD (EU) SPACE EU6 14 - 11684 - FSR LHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB
EVSC 15 -16 11764 - FSR LHD EUROPE EURO6 SPACECAB 17 - 11339 - FSR
(MIDDLE EAST) 96 - 07 11417 - FSR (MIDDLE EAST) 08 - 13 11585 - FSR
(MIDDLE EAST) 14 - 11659 - FSR MIDDLE EAST 15 - 10739 - FSR-LHD (BUS
CHASSIS) 96 - 10634 - FSS/FTS-RHD 92 - 95 10716 - FSS/FTS-RHD 96 - 11124
- FSS (RHD) EURO2/4 08 - 12 11510 - FSS (RHD) EURO2 13 - 11401 - FSS
(RHD) EURO1 12 - 11419 - FSS (AUST) EURO4 08 - 11306 - FSS (AUST/NZ)
EURO5 11 - 11722 - FSS AUST/NZ JNLT09 16 - 10635 - FSS/FTS-LHD 92 - 96
10717 - FSS/FTS-LHD 96 - 11146 - FSS(LHD) 08 - 12 11511 - FSS (LHD) 13 -
11151 - FSS (LHD) 08 - 12 11515 - FTS (LHD) 13 - 10831 - FSS/FTS
(AUSTRALIA) 00 - 11365 - FSS (MALAYSIA) M / T 06 - 11658 - FSS MALAYSIA
14 - 10832 - FSS (MALAYSIA)A/T 01 - 11433 - FSS (BANGLADESH) 00 - 11166 -
FTS (SOUTH AFRICA) 09 - 11358 - FTS (MALAYSIA) 00 - 11311 - FTS (MIDDLE
EAST) 98 - 07 11422 - FTS (MIDDLE EAST) 08 - 10626 - FTR-RHD 92 - 95 11029
- FTR (RHD) EURO4 07 - 10702 - FTR 11104 - FTR-RHD EURO2/4 08 - 12 11513
- FTR-RHD EURO2 13 - 11234 - FTR-RHD EURO5 09 - 13 11555 - FTR-RHD
EURO5 W/DOC 14 - 11420 - FTR (AUST) EURO4 08 - 11328 - FTR AUST/NZ
EURO5 11 - 15 11716 - FTR AUST/NZ EURO5 16 - 10891 - FTR34 (RHD) 01 -
10781 - FTR (THAI) 00 - 03 10942 - FTR (THAI) EURO2 04 - 08 11125 - FTR
(THAI) EURO3 08 - 12 11488 - FTR (THAI) EURO3 13 - 13 11575 - FTR (THAI)
EURO3 14 - 14 11647 - FTR THAILAND EURO3 15 - 11749 - FTR THAILAND
EURO3 16 - 11194 - FTR CNG (THAILAND) 09 - 12 11540 - FTR CNG
(THAILAND) 13 - 13 11576 - FTR CNG (THAILAND) 14 - 10752 - FTR (IDN)
WB3600/4200 97 - 04 10935 - FTR (INDONESIA) WB4600 04 - 06 11731 - FTR
INDONESIA 16 - 11126 - FTR (INDONESIA) 6HH1 07 - 11430 - FTR
(INDONESIA) 4HK1 11 - 13 11564 - FTR (INDONESIA) 14 - 11360 - FTR
(MALAYSIA) W/B6000 02 - 11366 - FTR (MALAYSIA) W/B4600 04 - 10627 -
FTR-LHD 92 - 95 11042 - FTR (LHD) EURO4 07 - 10703 - FTR (LHD) EXC.
EURO4 96 - 11127 - FTR (LHD) 08 - 12 11512 - FTR (LHD) 13 - 11368 - FTR
(LHD) EURO4 W/DOC 11 - 10896 - FTR BUS CHASSIS LHD 99 - 11165 - FTR
SOUTH AFRICA 09 - 11340 - FTR (MIDDLE EAST) 96 - 10827 - FTR
(AUSTRALIA) 00 - 11128 - FTS (RHD) EURO 2/4 08 - 11514 - FTS (RHD) EURO2
13 - 11405 - FTS (RHD) EURO1 12 - 11421 - FTS (AUST) EURO4 08 - 11307 -
FTS (AUST/NZ) EURO5 11 - 11723 - FTS AUST/NZ EURO5 16 - 11288 - FTS
(THAI) 09 - 11743 - FTS THAILAND 15 - 11434 - FTS (PAKISTAN) S - TIRE 10 -
11438 - FTS (PAKISTAN) D-TIRE 10 - 10632 - FVM-RHD 92 - 95 10706 -
FVM-RHD 96 - 11105 - FVM (RHD) 08 - 12 11516 - FVM (RHD) 13 - 11423 - FVM
(AUST) EURO4 08 - 11304 - FVM (AUST/NZ) EURO5 11 - 11718 - FVM AUST/NZ
EURO5 16 - 10780 - FVM (THAI) 01 - 03 10943 - FVM (THAI) EURO2 04 - 08
11129 - FVM (THAI) EURO3 08 - 12 11491 - FVM (THAI) EURO3 13 - 13 11577 -
FVM (THAI) EURO3 14 - 14 11649 - FVM THAILAND EURO3 15 - 15 11747 -
FVM THAILAND EURO3 16 - 11351 - FVM CNG (THAILAND) 11 - 12 11541 -
FVM CNG (THAILAND) 13 - 13 11578 - FVM CNG (THAILAND) 14 - 10753 - FVM
(INDONESIA) WB5300 97 - 04 10937 - FVM (INDONESIA) WB6300 04 - 06 11599
- FVM (MIDDLE EAST) 14 - 11131 - FVM (INDONESIA) 6SD1 07 - 11391 - FVM
(INDONESIA) 6HK1 11 - 13 11565 - FVM (INDONESIA) 6HK1 14 - 15 11746 -
FVM INDONESIA 16 - 16 11813 - FVM INDONESIA 17 - 11168 - FVM (SOUTH
AFRICA) 09 - 10834 - FVM/FVZ-LHD 00 - 11152 - FVM (LHD) 08 - 12 11517 -
FVM (LHD) 13 - 10630 - FVM-RHD 92 - 95 11409 - FVR (RHD) EURO1 11 -
11030 - FVR (RHD) EURO4 07 - 11370 - FVR (RHD) W/DOC EURO4 11 - 10704 -
FVR/GVR-RHD 96 - 11106 - FVR/GVR-RHD EURO2/4 08 - 12 11519 -
FVR/GVR-RHD EURO2/4 13 - 11235 - FVR-RHD EURO5 09 - 13 11556 -
FVR-RHD EURO5 14 - 11728 - FVR-RHD EURO6 17 - 11142 - FVR-RHD
(EUROPE) EURO4 09 - 11240 - FVR-RHD(EUROPE) EURO5 10 - 11425 -
FVR/GVR (AUST) EURO4 08 - 11329 - FVR (AUST/NZ) EURO5 11 - 11717 - FVR
AUST/NZ EURO5 16 - 10893 - FVR (HONG KONG) 96 - 11167 - FVR (SOUTH
AFRICA) 09 - 11392 - FVR (INDONESIA) 11 - 13 11566 - FVR/GVR (INDONESIA)
14 - 11741 - FVR/GVR INDONESIA 16 - 16 11814 - FVR INDONESIA 17 - 11463 -
FVR (MALAYSIA) 240PS 12 - 11527 - FVR (MALAYSIA) 280PS 13 - 11604 - FVR
(MALAYSIA) 14 - 10631 - FVR-LHD 92 - 95 11408 - FVR (LHD) EURO1 11 -
11739 - FVR LHD MIDDLE EAST EURO1 15 - 10705 - FVR (LHD) EXC.EURO 96
- 11132 - FVR/GVR LHD EURO2/3/4 08 - 12 11518 - FVR/GVR LHD EURO2/3/4/5
13 - 11496 - FVR (LHD) EURO5 13 - 13 11591 - FVR LHD EURO5 14 - 15 11725 -
FVR LHD EURO5 16 - 11369 - FVR (LHD) EURO4 W/DOC 11 - 11141 - FVR-LHD
(EUROPE) EURO4 09 - 11239 - FVR-LHD(EUROPE) EURO5 10 - 10854 -
FVR-LHD (BUS CHASSIS) 01 - 11352 - FVR (MIDDLE EAST) 96 - 07 11424 -
FVR (MIDDLE EAST) 08 - 13 11589 - FVR (MIDDLE EAST) 14 - 11660 - FVR
MIDDLE EAST 15 - 11439 - FVR (IRAN) 11 - 10633 - FVZ-RHD 92 - 95 10707 -
FVZ-RHD 96 - 11624 - FVW RHD 14 - 11107 - FVZ (RHD) 08 - 12 11520 - FVZ
(RHD) 13 - 11544 - FVZ (MALAYSIA) 13 - 11426 - FVZ (AUST) EURO4 08 -
11305 - FVZ (AUST/NZ) EURO5 11 - 15 11719 - FVZ AUST/NZ EURO5 16 -
10908 - FVZ (THAI) 03 - 03 10944 - FVZ (THAI) EURO2 04 - 08 11130 - FVZ
(THAI) EURO3 08 - 12 11492 - FVZ (THAI) EURO3 13 - 13 11579 - FVZ (THAI)
EURO3 14 - 14 11651 - FVZ THAILAND EURO3 15 - 15 11748 - FVZ THAILAND
EURO3 16 - 11393 - FVZ (INDONESIA) 11 - 13 11567 - FVZ/GVZ (INDONESIA)
14 - 15 11742 - FVZ/GVZ INDONESIA 16 - 16 11815 - FVZ INDONESIA 17 -
11153 - FVZ (LHD) 08 - 12 11521 - FVZ (LHD) 13 - 11466 - FVZ (LHD) W/ DOC
EURO4 12 - 11570 - FVZ (MIDDLE EAST) EU2 14 - 11169 - FVZ SOUTH AFRICA
09 - 11312 - FVZ (MIDDLE EAST) 00 - 10 10829 - FV / GV (AUSTRAL) A.SUS 00
- 10828 - FV/GV (AUSTRAL) L.SUS 00 - 11143 - FXR / GXR EXC.EURO5 08 -
11528 - GXR (RHD) EURO3 13 - 11313 - FXR (RHD) EURO5 10 - 11529 - GXR
(RHD) EURO5 13 - 11601 - GXR (LHD) CHINA 14 - 11663 - GXR (LHD) CHINA
15 - 11568 - GXR (MALAYSIA) EURO3 14 - 11427 - FXR/GXR (AUST) JNLT05 08
- 12 11314 - FXR/GXR (AUST) EURO5 11 - 11196 - FXR/GXR SOUTH AFRICA
10 - 11144 - FXM EXC. EURO5 08 - 11316 - FXM (AUST) EURO5 11 - 11145 -
FXZ EXC.EURO5 08 - 11530 - FXZ/GXZ (RHD) EURO3 13 - 11569 - FXZ/GXZ
(MALAYSIA) EU3 14 - 11309 - FXZ (RHD) EURO5 10 - 11758 - FXZ (RHD)
EURO6 16 - 11429 - FXZ (AUST) JNLT05 08 - 12 11317 - FXZ (AUST) EURO5 11
- 10907 - FXZ (THAI) 03 - 03 10946 - FXZ (THAI) EURO2 04 - 08 11136 -
FXZ/GXZ (THAI) EURO3 08 - 12 11493 - FXZ/GXZ (THAI) EURO3 13 - 14 11587 -
FXZ/GXZ (THAI) EURO3 14 - 14 11652 - FXZ/GXZ THAILAND EURO3 15 - 15
11802 - FXZ/GXZ (LHD) CHINA 14 - 11600 - FXZ/GXZ (LHD) CHINA 14 - 11662 -
FXZ/GXZ LHD CHINA 15 - 10754 - FXZ (INDONESIA) 97 - 04 11197 - FXZ
SOUTH AFRICA 10 - 11308 - FYH RHD EURO5 ENGINE REAR PTO 10 - 11665 -
FYH RHD EURO5 EXC.ENGINE REAR PTO 13 - 11759 - FYH RHD EURO6 16 -
11499 - FYH (AUST) EURO5 13 - 11354 - FYH (THAILAND) EURO3 11 - 12
11500 - FYH (THAILAND) EURO3 13 - 14 11590 - FYH (THAILAND) EURO3 14 -
14 11656 - FYH THAILAND EURO3 15 - 11602 - FYH (LHD) CHINA 14 - 11664 -
FYH LHD CHINA 15 - 11363 - FORWARD800 (MEXICO) 11 - 10762 -
FRD-S/FRR-S 98 - 04 11412 - FORWARD1100(MEXICO) 11 - 11413 -
FORWARD1400 (MEXICO) 11 - 10936 - GTR (INDONESIA) 04 - 06 11133 - GVR
(THAI) EURO3 08 - 12 11498 - GVR (THAI) EURO3 13 - 13 11580 - GVR (THAI)
EURO3 14 - 14 11654 - GVR THAILAND EURO3 15 - 11195 - GVR CNG
(THAILAND) 09 - 12 11543 - GVR CNG (THAILAND) 13 - 13 11581 - GVR CNG
(THAILAND) 14 - 10899 - GXZ (THAI) 02 - 03 10945 - GXZ (THAI) EURO2 04 - 08
11462 - GXZ CNG (THAI) EURO3 12 - 13 11542 - FXZ/GXZ CNG (THAI) EU3 13 -
14 11588 - FXZ/GXZ CNG (THAI) EU3 14 - 10751 - FRD/FRR/FRS LONG
CHASSIS 97 - 98 11755 - FTR NORTH AMERICA 18 - 50693 - NHR 94 - 98
50808 - NHR 99 - 02 50942 - NHR 03 - 51101 - NHR EURO4 07 - 51405 - NHR
(RHD) EURO4 W/DOC 12 - 14 51596 - NHR RHD EURO5 WB 2400MM 15 -
51609 - NHR RHD EURO5 WB 2500MM 15 - 51610 - NJR RHD EURO5 15 -
51145 - NHR 08 - 50785 - NHR (MALAYSIA) 97 - 50760 - NHR / NKR TAIWAN 97
- 07 51382 - NHR (INDONESIA) 03 - 05 51383 - NHR (MIDDLE EAST) 03 - 05
50694 - NHR-RHD 94 - 98 50812 - NKR-RHD 99 - 02 50944 - NKR (RHD)
EXC.EURO4 03 - 51279 - NKR AUSTRALIA 03 - 06 51280 - NKR INDONESIA 03
- 08 51102 - NKR (RHD) EURO4 07 - 51126 - NKR (IRAN) 06 - 50953 - NKR
(SOUTH AFRICA) 03 - 06 50814 - NKR (THAILAND) 99 - 02 50970 - NKR
(THAILAND) 03 - 04 51040 - NKR (THAILAND) 05 - 50784 - NKR (MALAYSIA) 97
- 51149 - NLR / NMR 55, 85 (RHD) 08 - 10 51284 - NLR / NMR 55, 71, 85 9RHD)
11 - 51250 - NMR85 (RHD) EURO5 09 - 51634 - NMR85 (RHD) EURO6 16 -
51394 - NLR 85 (AUST) 08 - 08 51502 - NLR (MALAYSIA) 14 - 16 51693 - NLR
(MALAYSIA) 17 - 51727 - NLR MALAYSIA 15 - 51275 - NLR/NMR(85) AUST/NZ
EURO5 11 - 14 51604 - NLR/NMR (85) AUST/NZ EURO5 15 - 51264 - NLR
CNG-RHD 09 - 50813 - NKR (EUROPE)-RHD 99 - 02 50946 - NKR
(EUROPE)-RHD 04 - 51150 - NLR/NMR (EU)-RHD EU4 09 - 51251 - NLR/NMR
(EU)-RHD EU5 10 - 51497 - NLR/NMR RHD EUROPE EURO5B+, 6 14 - 14 51614
- NLR/NMR RHD EUROPE EURO5B+, 6 15 - 51676 - NLR/NMR RHD EUROPE
EURO6 16 - 51146 - NLR/NMR (SOUTHAFRICA) 08 - 12 51486 - NLR/NMR
(SOUTH AFRICA) 13 - 51168 - NLR/NMR (THAILAND) 08 - 12 51479 - NLR/NMR
(THAILAND) 13 - 13 51507 - NLR/NMR (THAILAND) 14 - 14 51567 - NLR/NMR
THAILAND 15 - 51395 - NLR/NMR (INDONESIA) 08 - 15 51642 - NLR/NMR
(INDONESIA) 16 - 51384 - NMR 85 (MIDDLE EAST) 08 - 51385 - NMR 71
(MIDDLE EAST) 09 - 10 51283 - NMR (MIDDLE EAST) 11 - 51242 - NMR CNG
(THAILAND) 09 - 13 51508 - NMR CNG (THAILAND) 14 - 50695 - NKR-LHD 94 -
98 50809 - NKR-LHD 99 - 02 50943 - NKR 55, 66, 69, 71, 77 LHD 03 - 51278 -
NKR MIDDLE EAST 03 - 08 51127 - NKR 85 (LHD) 07 - 51429 - NKR-LHD 12 -
51147 - NLR / NMR 55, 85 (LHD) 08 - 10 51282 - NLR / NMR 55, 85 (LHD) 11 -
51354 - NLR / NMR 85 (LHD) EURO4 11 - 51514 - NLR / NMR 77 (LHD) 14 -
51627 - NLR/NMR (85) LHD EURO5B+ 15 - 51248 - NLR85 (LHD) 09 - 51418 -
NMR85 (RHD) EURO4 12 - 50810 - NKR (EUROPE)-LHD 99 - 02 50945 - NKR
(EUROPE)-LHD 04 - 07 51148 - NLR/NMR (EU)-LHD EU4 09 - 51249 - NLR/NMR
(EU)-LHD EU5 10 - 51496 - NLR/NMR LHD EUROPE EURO5B+,6 14 - 14 51613 -
NLR/NMR LHD EUROPE EURO5B+, 6 15 - 51675 - NLR/NMR LHD EUROPE
EURO 16 - 51175 - NLS (EUROPE) LHD 09 - 51183 - NMR71-LHD 09 - 51258 -
NLS RHD 09 - 14 51605 - NLS RHD 15 - 51176 - NLS (EUROPE) RHD 09 - 51184
- NMR 71-RHD 09 - 50980 - NPR (IRAN) 04 - 51038 - NQR (IRAN) 05 - 51512 -
NQR (MALAYSIA) 14 - 51129 - NPR HD/NQR (DIESEL) W4500/W5500 USA 08 -
10 51130 - NPR (DIESEL) W3500 USA 07 - 09 51131 - NPR (DIESEL) W5500HD
USA 08 - 10 51141 - NPR GAS/NPR HD GAS W3500/W4500 USA 08 - 09 51067 -
NPR DIESEL USA 04 - 06 51068 - NPR HD/NQR DIESEL USA 04 - 07 50978 -
NPR DIESEL USA 05 - 07 50961 - NPR/NPR HD GASOLINE USA 04 - 07 51399 -
NQR (INDONESIA) 08 - 50696 - NPR/NQR-RHD 94 - 98 50817 - NPR/NQR-RHD
99 - 02 50948 - NPR / NQR RHD EXC. EURO4 03 - 51124 - NPR / NQR (RHD)
EURO4 07 - 51187 - NPR / NQR (RHD) EURO1 09 - 51157 - NN / NP / NQR-R
EXC. EU5 08 - 10 51267 - NN / NP / NQR (RHD) EURO4 12 - 51296 - NPR /
NQR-RHD 11 - 51294 - NQR INDONESIA 12 - 51386 - NQR AIR BRAKE RHD 12
- 51390 - NQR A / BRAKE MIDEAST 14 - 51266 - NP / NQR (LHD) EU4 W/DOC
10 - 51239 - NN / NP / NQR-RHD EURO5 09 - 51635 - NPR/NQR-RHD EURO6 16
- 51397 - NPR / NQR (AUST) 03 - 05 51398 - NNR / NPR / NQR (AUST) 08 -
51276 - NNR/NPR/NQR AUST/NZ EURO5 15 - 51259 - NPR CNG-RHD 09 -
50819 - NPR / NQR (THAILAND) 00 - 02 50971 - NPR / NQR (THAILAND) 03 -04
51041 - NPR / NQR (THAILAND) 05 - 50916 - NPR (BUS CHAS) RHD 02 - 50818
- NPR / NQR (EUROPE) RHD 99 - 02 50950 - NPR / NQR (EUROPE)-RHD 04 -
51158 - NNR / NPR EU-R EXC. EU5 09 - 51240 - NNR / NPR EU-RHD EURO5 10
- 51482 - NNR / NPR RHD EUROPE EURO5B+, 6 14 - 14 51616 - NNR/NPR RHD
EUROPE EURO5B+,6 15 - 51678 - NNR/NPR RHD EUROPE EURO6 16 - 50954
- NPR / NQR (SOUTH AFRICA) 03 - 06 51172 - NPR / NQR (SOUTH AFRICA) 08
- 12 51487 - NPR / NQR (SOUTH AFRICA) 13 - 51495 - NPR (GM EGYPT) 11 -
51738 - NPR TURKEY 17 - 51169 - NPR / NQR (THAILAND) 08 - 12 51483 - NPR
/ NQR (THAILAND) 13 - 13 51509 - NPR / NQR (THAILAND) 14 - 14 51569 - NPR
/ NQR THAILAND 15 - 51132 - NQR BUS CHAS (THAI) 07 - 51241 - NPR CNG
Isuzu WorldWide 2018 EPC [03.2018] Spare Parts Catalog

(THAILAND) 09 - 13 51510 - NPR CNG (THAILAND) 14 - 50783 - NPR

(MALAYSIA) 97 - 12 51501 - NPR (MALAYSIA) 13 - 51695 - NPR/NQR
(MALAYSIA) 17 - 51566 - NPR MALAYSIA BUS CHASSIS 14 - 50697 - NPR /
NQR-LHD 94 - 98 50815 - NPR / NQR-LHD 99 - 02 51154 - NN/NP/NQR
LHDEXC.EU1 08 - 10 51293 - NNR / NPR / NQR (LHD) 11 - 51387 - NP / NQR
AIR BRAKE LHD 12 - 14 51637 - NQR AIR BRAKE LHD 15 - 51103 - NPR / NQR
(LHD) EURO4 07 - 51356 - NPR/NQR (MIDDLE EAST) 03 - 07 51355 - NPR /
NQR (MIDDLE EAST) 08 - 10 51396 - NPR (MIDDLE EAST) 09 - 09 51297 - NPR
/ NQR (MIDDLE EAST) 11 - 51300 - NPR (IRAN) 12 - 51185 - NPR / NQR (LHD)
EURO1 09 - 51244 - NPR/NPR/NQR (LHD) EURO5 09 - 51245 - NPR/NQR
CNG-LHD 10 - 51104 - NP / NQR BUS (LHD) EURO4 07 - 07 50947 - NPR / NQR
LHD EXC. EURO4 03 - 50915 - NP / NQ BUS LHD EXC. EU4 01 - 51156 - NPR
BUS (LHD) 08 - 10 51292 - NPR / NQR BUS CHA (LHD) 11 - 12 51238 - NPR
BUS CHASSIS (LHD) 13 - 51638 - NPR LHD BUS CHASSIS 16 - 51392 - NQR
BUS A / BRAKE LHD 12 - 14 51636 - NQR BUS A/BRAKE LHD 15 - 51186 - NPR
BUS (LHD) EURO1 09 - 51381 - NPR BUS CNG (LHD) 11 - 50816 - NPR / NQR
(EUROPE) LHD 99 - 02 50949 - NPR / NQR (EUROPE)-LHD 04 - 51155 - NNR /
NPR EU-L EXC. EU5 09 - 51237 - NNR / NPR (EU)-LHD EU5 10 - 51481 - NNR /
NPR LHD EUROPE EURO5B+/6 14 - 14 51628 - NNR/NPR/NQR LHD EUROPE
EURO5/5B+/6 15 - 51615 - NNR/NPR LHD EUROPE EURO5B+,6 15 - 51677 -
NNR/NPR LHD EUROPE EURO6 16 - 51159 - NPR (BUS CHAS) RHD 08 - 10
51295 - NPR / NQR BUS CHA (RHD) 11 - 51492 - NPR BUS CHAS (THAI) 13 - 13
51511 - NPR BUS CHAS (THAI) 14 - 51391 - NQR BUS A / BRAKE RHD 12 -
51188 - NPR BUS (RHD) EURO1 09 - 50701 - NPS-RHD 94 - 51136 - NPS-RHD
07 - 51162 - NPS-RHD 08 - 10 51301 - NPS-RHD 11 - 51189 - NPS (RHD)
EURO1 09 - 51409 - NPS (AUSTRALIA) 03 - 07 51500 - NPS (MALAYSIA) 13 -
51694 - NPS (MALAYSIA) 17 - 51410 - NPS (AUST) 08 - 08 51272 - NPS EURO5
AUST / NZ 11 - 14 51607 - NPS EURO5 AUST / NZ 15 - 51402 - NPS INDONESIA
03 - 07 51403 - NPS INDONESIA 08 - 51036 - NPS-LHD 05 - 07 51163 -
NPS-LHD 08 - 10 51643 - NPS LHD EURO4 16 - 51661 - NPS LHD EURO5 16 -
51302 - NPS (LHD) 11 - 51190 - NPS (LHD) EURO1 09 - 51173 - NPS (SOUTH
AFRICA) 08 - 12 51291 - NPS (SOUTH AFRICA) 13 - 51139 - ELF300 (MEXICO)
07 - 08 51205 - ELF200 / 300 (MEXICO) 09 - 10 51625 - ELF100 (MEXICO) 16 -
51287 - ELF200 / 300 (MEXICO) 11 - 51047 - ELF400 / 450 (MEXICO) 06 - 08
51174 - ELF400 / 500 / 600 / BUS (MEXICO) 09 - 51372 - NPR STRIP CHASSIS
USA 12 - 51270 - NPR HD/NPR XD (DIESEL) 11 - 51269 - NPR (DIESEL) USA 11
- 51271 - NQR/NRR (DIESEL) 11 - 51415 - NPR (DIESEL) 13,000LBS 12 - 51357
- NPR/NPR-HD (GAS) 12 - 50671 - NKR 93 - 98 50672 - NPR
(250,350,450)S/CAB 93 - 98 50824 - NKR 99 - 99 51353 - QKR-RHD 11 - 51423 -
QKR RHD 12 - 51352 - QKR-LHD 11 - 51422 - QKR LHD 12 - 51376 - QKR
(MIDDLE EAST) 11 -
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 CHAPTER VIII.

EUROPE, AT THE END OF THE MIGRATION OF THE RACES.

(570.)
Extension of the German Races in a. d. 570. —The Longobards. —The Franks. —
The Visigoths. —The Saxons in Britain. —The Tribes on German Soil. —The
Eastern Empire. —Relation of the Conquerors to the Conquered Races. —
Influence of Roman Civilization. —The Priesthood. —Obliteration of German
Origin. —Religion. —The Monarchical Element in Government. —The Nobility. —
The Cities. —Slavery. —Laws in regard to Crime. —Privileges of the Church. —
The Transition Period.

570. SPREAD OF THE Thus far, we have been following the history of
GERMAN RACES. the Germanic races, in their conflict with Rome,
until their complete and final triumph at the end
of six hundred years after they first met Julius Cæsar. Within the
limits of Germany itself, there was, as we have seen, no united
nationality. Even the consolidation of the smaller tribes under the
names of Goths, Franks, Saxons and Alemanni, during the third
century, was only the beginning of a new political development
which was not continued upon German soil. With the exception of
Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Ireland, Wales, the Scottish Highlands,
and the Byzantine territory in Turkey, Greece and Italy, all Europe
was under Germanic rule at the end of the Migration of the Races, in
the year 570.

The Longobards, after the death of Alboin and his successor, Kleph,
prospered greatly under the wise rule of Queen Theodolind,
daughter of king Garibald of Bavaria, and wife of Kleph's son,
Authari. She persuaded them to become Christians; and they then
gave up their nomadic habits, scattered themselves over the country,
learned agriculture and the mechanic arts, and gradually became
amalgamated with the native Romans. Their descendants form a
large portion of the population of Northern Italy at this day.

THE MIGRATIONS OF THE RACES, A. D. 500.

The Franks, at this time, were firmly established

570. LOCATION OF in Gaul, under the dynasty founded by Chlodwig.
THE TRIBES. They owned nearly all the territory west of the
Rhine, part of Western Switzerland and the valley of the Rhone, to
the Mediterranean. Only a small strip of territory on the east,
between the Pyrenees and the upper waters of the Garonne, still
belonged to the Visigoths. The kingdom of Burgundy, after an
existence of 125 years, became absorbed in that of the Franks, in
534.

After the death of Theodoric, the connection of the Visigoths with

the other German races ceased. They conquered the Suevi, driving
them into the mountains of Galicia, subdued the Alans in Portugal,
and during a reign of two centuries more impressed their traces
indelibly upon the Spanish people. Their history, from this time on,
belongs to Spain. Their near relations, the Vandals, as we have
already seen, had ceased to exist. Like the Ostrogoths, they were
never named again as a separate people.

The Saxons had made themselves such thorough masters of England

and the lowlands of Scotland, that the native Celto-Roman
population was driven into Wales and Cornwall. The latter had
become Christians under the Empire, and they looked with horror
upon the paganism of the Saxons. During the early part of the sixth
century, they made a bold but brief effort to expel the invaders,
under the lead of the half-fabulous king Arthur (of the Round Table),
who is supposed to have died about the year 537. The Angles and
Saxons, however, not only triumphed, but planted their language,
laws and character so firmly upon English soil, that the England of
the later centuries grew from the basis they laid, and the name of
Anglo-Saxon has become the designation of the English race all over
the world.

Along the northern coast of Germany, the Frisii and the Saxons who
remained behind, had formed two kingdoms and asserted a fierce
independence. The territory of the latter extended to the Hartz
Mountains, where it met that of the Thuringians, who still held
Central Germany southward to the Danube. Beyond that river, the
new nation of the Bavarians was permanently settled, and had
already risen to such importance that Theodolind, the daughter of its
king, Garibald, was selected for his queen by the Longobard king,
Authari.

East of the Elbe, through Prussia, nearly the whole country was
occupied by various Slavonic tribes. One of these, the Czechs, had
taken possession of Bohemia, where they soon afterwards
established an independent kingdom. Beyond them, the Avars
occupied Hungary, now and then making invasions into German
territory, or even to the borders of Italy; Denmark and Sweden,
owing to their remoteness from the great theatre of action, were
scarcely affected by the political changes we have described.
 Finally, the Alemanni, though defeated and held
570. back by the Franks, maintained their
independence in the south-western part of
Germany and in Eastern Switzerland, where their descendants are
living at this day. Each of all these new nationalities included
remnants of the smaller original tribes, which had lost their
independence in the general struggle, and which soon became more
or less mixed (except in England) with the former inhabitants of the
conquered soil.

The Eastern Empire was now too weak and corrupt to venture
another conflict with these stronger Germanic races, whose
civilization was no longer very far behind its own. Moreover, within
sixty years after the Migration came to an end, a new foe arose in
the East. The successors of Mahomet began that struggle which tore
Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor from Christian hands, and which only
ceased when, in 1453, the crescent floated from the towers of
Constantinople.

Nearly all Europe was thus portioned among men of German blood,
very few of whom ever again migrated from the soil whereon they
were now settled. It was their custom to demand one-third—in some
few instances, two thirds—of the conquered territory for their own
people. In this manner, Frank and Gaul, Longobard and Roman,
Visigoth and Spaniard, found themselves side by side, and
reciprocally influenced each other's speech and habits of life. It must
not be supposed, however, that the new nations lost their former
character, and took on that of the Germanic conquerors. Almost the
reverse of this took place. It must be remembered that the Gauls,
for instance, far outnumbered the Franks; that each conquest was
achieved by a few hundred thousand men, all of them warriors,
while each of the original Roman provinces had several millions of
inhabitants. There must have been at least ten of the ruled, to one
of the ruling race.
 The latter, moreover, were greatly inferior to the
570. SPREAD OF former in all the arts of civilization. In the homes,
CHRISTIANITY. the dress and ornaments, the social intercourse,
and all the minor features of life, they found their new neighbors
above them, and they were quick to learn the use of unaccustomed
comforts or luxuries. All the cities and small towns were Roman in
their architecture, in their municipal organization, and in the
character of their trade and intercourse; and the conquerors found it
easier to accept this old-established order than to change it.

Another circumstance contributed to Latinize the German races

outside of Germany. After the invention of a Gothic alphabet by
Bishop Ulfila, and his translation of the Bible, we hear no more of a
written German language until the eighth century. There was at least
none which was accessible to the people, and the Latin continued to
be the language of government and religion. The priests were nearly
all Romans, and their interest was to prevent the use of written
Germanic tongues. Such learning as remained to the world was of
course only to be acquired through a knowledge of Latin and Greek.

All the influences which surrounded the conquering races tended,

therefore, to eradicate or change their original German
characteristics. After a few centuries, their descendants, in almost
every instance, lost sight of their origin, and even looked with
contempt upon rival people of the same blood. The Franks and
Burgundians of the present day speak of themselves as "the Latin
race": the blonde and blue-eyed Lombards of Northern Italy, not
long since, hated "the Germans" as the Christian of the Middle Ages
hated the Jew; and the full-blooded English or American Saxon often
considers the German as a foreigner with whom he has nothing in
common.

By the year 570, all the races outside of Germany, except the Saxons
and Angles in Britain, had accepted Christianity. Within Germany,
although the Christian missionaries were at work among the
Alemanni, the Bavarians, and along the Rhine, the great body of the
people still held to their old pagan worship. The influence of the true
faith was no doubt weakened by the bitter enmity which still existed
between the Athanasian and Arian sects, although the latter ceased
to be powerful after the downfall of the Ostrogoths. But the
Christianity which prevailed among the Franks, Burgundians and
Longobards was not pure or intelligent enough to save them from
the vices which the Roman Empire left behind it. Many of their kings
and nobles were polygamists, and the early history of their dynasties
is a chronicle of falsehood, cruelty and murder.

570. In each of the races, the primitive habit of

electing chiefs by the people had long since given
way to an hereditary monarchy, but in other respects their political
organization remained much the same. The Franks introduced into
Gaul the old German division of the land into provinces, hundreds
and communities, but the king now claimed the right of appointing a
Count for the first, a Centenarius, or centurion, for the second, and
an elder, or head-man, for the third. The people still held their public
assemblies, and settled their local matters; they were all equal
before the law, and the free men paid no taxes. The right of
declaring war, making peace, and other questions of national
importance, were decided by a general assembly of the people, at
which the king presided. The political system was therefore more
republican than monarchical, but it gradually lost the former
character as the power of the kings increased.

The nobles had no fixed place and no special rights during the
migrations of the tribes. Among the Franks they were partly formed
out of the civil officers, and soon included both Romans and Gauls
among their number. In Germany their hereditary succession was
already secured, and they maintained their ascendancy over the
common people by keeping pace with the knowledge and the arts of
those times, while the latter remained, for the most part, in a state
of ignorance.
The cities, inhabited by Romans and Romanized Gauls, retained their
old system of government, but paid a tax or tribute. Those portions
of the other Germanic races which had become subject to the Franks
were also allowed to keep their own peculiar laws and forms of local
government, which were now, for the first time, recorded in the
Latin language. They were obliged to furnish a certain number of
men capable of bearing arms, but it does not appear that they paid
any tribute to the Franks.

Slavery still existed, and in the two forms of it which we find among
the ancient Germans,—chattels who were bought and sold, and
dependents who were bound to give labor or tribute in return for the
protection of a freeman. The Romans in Gaul were placed upon the
latter footing by the Franks. The children born of marriages between
them and the free took the lower and not the higher position,—that
is, they were dependents.

570. PENALTIES FOR The laws in regard to crime were very rigid and
CRIME. severe, but not bloody. The body of the free man,
like his life, was considered inviolate, so there was
no corporeal punishment, and death was only inflicted in a few
extreme cases. The worst crimes could be atoned for by the sacrifice
of money or property. For murder the penalty was two hundred
shillings (at that time the value of 100 oxen), two-thirds of which
were given to the family of the murdered person, while one-third
was divided between the judge and the State. This penalty was
increased threefold for the murder of a Count or a soldier in the
field, and more than fourfold for that of a Bishop. In some of the
codes the payment was fixed even for the murder of a Duke or King.
The slaying of a dependent or a Roman only cost half as much as
that of a free Frank, while a slave was only valued at thirty-five
shillings, or seventeen and a half oxen: the theft of a falcon trained
for hunting, or a stallion, cost ten shillings more.

Slander, insult and false-witness were punished in the same way. If

any one falsely accused another of murder he was condemned to
pay the injured person the penalty fixed for the crime of murder, and
the same rule was applied to all minor accusations. The charge of
witchcraft, if not proved according to the superstitious ideas of the
people, was followed by the penalty of one hundred and eighty
shillings. Whoever called another a hare, was fined six shillings; but
if he called him a fox, the fine was only three shillings.

As the Germanic races became Christian, the power and privileges of

the priesthood were manifested in the changes made in these laws.
Not only was it enacted that the theft of property belonging to the
Church must be paid back ninefold, but the slaves of the priests
were valued at double the amount fixed for the slaves of laymen.
The Churches became sacred, and no criminal could be seized at the
foot of the altar. Those who neglected to attend worship on the
Sabbath three times in succession, were punished by the loss of
one-third of their property. If this neglect was repeated a second
time, they were made slaves, and could be sold as such by the
Church.

570. The laws of the still pagan Thuringians and

Saxons, in Germany, did not differ materially from
those of the Christian Franks. Justice was administered in assemblies
of the people, and, in order to secure the largest expression of the
public will, a heavy fine was imposed for the failure to attend. The
latter feature is still retained, in some of the old Cantons of
Switzerland. In Thuringia and Saxony, however, the nobles had
become a privileged class, recognized by the laws, and thus was laid
the foundation for the feudal system of the Middle Ages.

The transition was now complete. Although the art, taste and
refinement of the Roman Empire were lost, its civilizing influence in
law and civil organization survived, and slowly subdued the
Germanic races which inherited its territory. But many characteristics
of their early barbarism still clung to the latter, and a long period
elapsed before we can properly call them a civilized people.
 CHAPTER IX.

THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS.

(486—638.)
Chlodwig, the Founder of the Merovingian Dynasty. —His Conversion to
Christianity. —His Successors. —Theuderich's Conquest of Thuringia. —Union of
the Eastern Franks. —Austria (or Austrasia) and Neustria. —Crimes of the
Merovingian Kings. —Clotar and his Sons. —Sigbert's Successes. —His Wife,
Brunhilde. —Sigbert's Death. —Quarrel between Brunhilde and Fredegunde. —
Clotar II. —Brunhilde and her Grandsons. —Her Defeat and Death. —Clotar II.'s
Reign. —King Dagobert. —The Nobles and the Church. —War with the
Thuringians. —Picture of the Merovingian Line. —A New Power.

500. THE The history of Germany, from the middle of the

MEROVINGIAN sixth to the middle of the ninth century, is that of
DYNASTY.
France also. After having conducted them to their
new homes, we take leave of the Anglo-Saxons, the Visigoths and
the Longobards, and return to the Frank dynasty founded by
Chlodwig, about the year 500, when the smaller kings and chieftains
of his race accepted him as their ruler. In the histories of France,
even those written in English, he is called "Clovis," but we prefer to
give him his original Frank name. He was the grandson of a petty
king, whose name was Merovich, whence he and his successors are
called, in history, the Merovingian dynasty. He appears to have been
a born conqueror, neither very just nor very wise in his actions, but
brave, determined and ready to use any means, good or bad, in
order to attain his end.

Chlodwig extinguished the last remnant of Roman rule in Gaul, in the

year 486, as we have related in Chapter VII. He was then only 20
years old, having succeeded to the throne at the age of 15. Shortly
afterwards he married the daughter of one of the Burgundian kings.
She was a Christian, and endeavored, but for many years without
effect, to induce him to give up his pagan faith. Finally, in a war with
the Alemanni, in 496, he promised to become a Christian, provided
the God of the Christians would give him victory. The decisive battle
was long and bloody, but it ended in the complete rout of the
Alemanni, and afterwards all of them who were living to the west of
the Rhine became tributary to the Franks.

511. Chlodwig and 3,000 of his followers were soon

afterwards baptized in the cathedral at Rheims, by
the bishop Remigius. When the king advanced to the baptismal font,
the bishop said to him: "Bow thy head, Sicambrian!—worship what
thou hast persecuted, persecute what thou hast worshipped!"
Although nearly all the German Christians at this time were Arians,
Chlodwig selected the Athanasian faith of Rome, and thereby
secured the support of the Roman priesthood in France, which was
of great service to him in his ambitious designs. This difference of
faith also gave him a pretext to march against the Burgundians in
500, and the Visigoths in 507: both wars were considered holy by
the Church.

His conquest of the Visigoths was prevented, as we have seen, by

the interposition of Theodoric. He then devoted his remaining years
to the complete suppression of all the minor Frank kings, and was so
successful that when he died, in 511, all the race, to the west of the
Rhine, was united under his single sway. He was succeeded by four
sons, of whom the eldest, Theuderich, reigned in Paris; the others
chose Metz, Orleans and Soissons for their capitals. Theuderich was
a man of so much energy and prudence that he was able to control
his brothers, and unite the four governments in such a way that the
kingdom was saved from dismemberment.

The mother of Chlodwig was a runaway queen of Thuringia, whose

son, Hermanfried, now ruled over that kingdom, after having
deposed his two brothers. The relationship gave Theuderich a
ground for interfering, and the result was a war between the Franks
and the Thuringians. Theuderich collected a large army, marched
into Germany in 530, procured the services of 9,000 Saxons as allies,
and met the Thuringians on the river Unstrut, not far from where the
city of Halle now stands. Hermanfried was taken prisoner, carried to
France, and treacherously thrown from a tower, after receiving great
professions of friendship from his nephew, Theuderich. His family
fled to Italy, and the kingdom of Thuringia, embracing nearly all
Central Germany, was added to that of the Franks. The northern
part, however, was given to the Saxons as a reward for their
assistance.

530. AUSTRIA AND Four years afterwards the brothers of Theuderich

NEUSTRIA conquered the kingdom of Burgundy, and
annexed it to their territory. About the same time,
the Franks living eastward of the Rhine entered into a union with
their more powerful brethren. Since both the Alemanni and the
Bavarians were already tributary to the latter, the dominion of the
united Franks now extended from the Atlantic nearly to the river
Elbe, and from the mouth of the Rhine to the Mediterranean, with
Friesland and the kingdom of the Saxons between it and the North
Sea. To all lying east of the Rhine, the name of Austria (East-
kingdom) or Austrasia was given, while Neustria (New-kingdom) was
applied to all west of the Rhine. These designations were used in the
historical chronicles for some centuries afterwards.

While Theuderich lived, his brothers observed a tolerably peaceful

conduct towards one another, but his death was followed by a
season of war and murder. History gives us no record of another
dynasty so steeped in crime as that of the Merovingians: within the
compass of a few years we find a father murdering his son, a
brother his brother and a wife her husband. We can only account for
the fact that the whole land was not constantly convulsed by civil
war, by supposing that the people retained enough of power in their
national assemblies, to refuse taking part in the fratricidal quarrels.
It is not necessary, therefore, to recount all the details of the bloody
family history. Their effect upon the people must have been in the
highest degree demoralizing, yet the latter possessed enough of
prudence—or perhaps of a clannish spirit, in the midst of a much
larger Roman and Gallic population—to hold the Frank kingdom
together, while its rulers were doing their best to split it to pieces.

The result of all the quarrelling and murdering was, that in 558
Clotar, the youngest son of Chlodwig, became the sole monarch.
After forty-seven years of divided rule, the kingly power was again in
a single hand, and there seemed to be a chance for peace and
progress. But Clotar died within three years, and, like his father, left
four sons to divide his power. The first thing they did was to fight;
then, being perhaps rather equally matched, they agreed to portion
the kingdom. Charibert reigned in Paris, Guntram in Orleans,
Chilperic in Soissons, and Sigbert in Metz. The boundaries between
their territories are uncertain; we only know that all of "Austria," or
Germany east of the Rhine, fell to Sigbert's share.

565. About this time the Avars, coming from Hungary,

had invaded Thuringia, and were inciting the
people to rebellion against the Franks. Sigbert immediately marched
against them, drove them back, and established his authority over
the Thuringians. On returning home he found that his brother
Chilperic had taken possession of his capital and many smaller
towns. Chilperic was forced to retreat, lost his own kingdom in turn,
and only received it again through the generosity of Sigbert,—the
first and only instance of such a virtue in the Merovingian line of
kings. Sigbert seems to have inherited the abilities, without the
vices, of his grandfather Chlodwig. When the Avars made a second
invasion into Germany, he was not only defeated but taken prisoner
by them. Nevertheless, he immediately acquired such influence over
their Khan, or chieftain, that he persuaded the latter to set him free,
to make a treaty of peace and friendship, and to return with his
Avars to Hungary.
In the year 568 Charibert died in Paris, leaving no heirs. A new strife
instantly broke out among the three remaining brothers; but it was
for a time suspended, owing to the approach of a common danger.
The Longobards, now masters of Northern Italy, crossed the Alps
and began to overrun Switzerland, which the Franks possessed,
through their victories over the Burgundians and the Alemanni.
Sigbert and Guntram united their forces, and repelled the invasion
with much slaughter.

Then broke out in France a series of family wars, darker and bloodier
than any which had gone before. The strife between the sons of
Clotar and their children and grandchildren desolated France for
forty years, and became all the more terrible because the women of
the family entered into it with the men. All these Christian kings, like
their father, were polygamists: each had several wives; yet they are
described by the priestly chroniclers of their times as men who went
about doing good, and whose lives were "acceptable to God"!
Sigbert was the only exception: he had but one wife, Brunhilde, the
daughter of a king of the Visigoths, a stately, handsome, intelligent
woman, but proud and ambitious.

570. FAMILY WARS INEither the power and popularity, or the rich
FRANCE. marriage-portion, which Sigbert acquired with
Brunhilde, induced his brother, Chilperic, to ask
the hand of her sister, the Princess Galsunta of Spain. It was granted
to him on condition that he would put away all his wives and live
with her alone. He accepted the condition, and was married to
Galsunta. One of the women sent away was Fredegunde, who soon
found means to recover her former influence over Chilperic's mind. It
was not long before Galsunta was found dead in her bed, and within
a week Fredegunde, the murderess, became queen in her stead.
Brunhilde called upon Sigbert to revenge her sister's death, and then
began that terrible history of crime and hatred, which was
celebrated, centuries afterwards, in the famous Nibelungenlied, or
Lay of the Nibelungs.
In the year 575, Sigbert gained a complete victory over Chilperic,
and was lifted upon a shield by the warriors of the latter, who hailed
him as their king. In that instant he was stabbed in the back, and
died upon the field of his triumph. Chilperic resumed his sway, and
soon took Brunhilde prisoner, while her young son, Childebert,
escaped to Germany. But his own son, Merwig, espoused Brunhilde's
cause, secretly released her from prison, and then married her. A
war next arose between father and son, in which the former was
successful. He cut off Merwig's long hair, and shut him up in a
monastery; but, for some unexplained reason, he allowed Brunhilde
to go free. In the meantime Fredegunde had borne three sons, who
all died soon after their birth. She accused her own step-son of
having caused their deaths by witchcraft, and he and his mother,
one of Chilperic's former wives, were put to death.

Both Chilperic and his brother Guntram, who reigned at Orleans,

were without male heirs. At this juncture, the German chiefs and
nobles demanded to have Childebert, the young son of Sigbert and
Brunhilde, who had taken refuge among them, recognized as the
heir to the Frankish throne. Chilperic consented, on condition that
Childebert, with such forces as he could command, would march
with him against Guntram, who had despoiled him of a great deal of
his territory. The treaty was made, in spite of the opposition of
Brunhilde, whose sister's murder was not yet avenged, and the civil
wars were renewed. Both sides gained or lost alternately, without
any decided result, until the assassination of Chilperic, by an
unknown hand, in 584. A few months before his death, Fredegunde
had borne him another son, Clotar, who lived, and was at once
presented by his mother as Childebert's rival to the throne.

597. The struggle between the two widowed queens,

Brunhilde and Fredegunde, was for a while
delayed by the appearance of a new claimant, Gundobald, who had
been a fugitive in Constantinople for many years, and declared that
he was Chilperic's brother. He obtained the support of many
Austrasian (German) princes, and was for a time so successful that
Fredegunde was forced to take refuge with Guntram, at Orleans.
The latter also summoned Childebert to his capital, and persuaded
him to make a truce with Fredegunde and her adherents, in order
that both might act against their common rival. Gundobald and his
followers were soon destroyed: Guntram died in 593, and Childebert
was at once accepted as his successor. His kingdom included that of
Charibert, whose capital was Paris, and that of his father, Sigbert,
embracing all Frankish Germany. But the nobles and people,
accustomed to conspiracy, treachery and crime, could no longer be
depended upon, as formerly. They were beginning to return to their
former system of living upon war and pillage, instead of the honest
arts of peace.

Fredegunde still held the kingdom of Chilperic for her son Clotar.
After strengthening herself by secret intrigues with the Frank nobles,
she raised an army, put herself at its head, and marched against
Childebert, who was defeated and soon afterwards poisoned, after
having reigned only three years. His realm was divided between his
two young sons, one receiving Burgundy and the other Germany,
under the guardianship of their grandmother Brunhilde. Fredegunde
followed up her success, took Paris and Orleans from the heirs of
Childebert, and died in 597, leaving her son Clotar, then in his
fourteenth year, as king of more than half of France. He was
crowned as Clotar II.

Death placed Brunhilde's rival out of the reach of her revenge, but
she herself might have secured the whole kingdom of the Franks for
her two grandsons, had she not quarrelled with one and stirred up
war between them. The first consequence of this new strife was that
Alsatia and Eastern Switzerland were separated from Neustria, or
France, and attached to Austria, or Germany. Brunhilde, finding that
her cause was desperate, procured the assistance of Clotar II. for
herself and her favorite grandson, Theuderich. The fortune of war
now turned, and before long the other grandson, Theudebert, was
taken prisoner. By his brother's order he was formally deposed from
his kingly authority, and then executed: the brains of his infant son
were dashed out against a stone.

613. MURDER OF It was not long before this crime was avenged. A
BRUNHILDE. quarrel in regard to the division of the spoils arose
between Theuderich and Clotar II. The former
died in the beginning of the war which followed, leaving four young
sons to the care of their great-grandmother, the queen Brunhilde.
Clotar II. immediately marched against her, but, knowing her ability
and energy, he obtained a promise from the nobles of Burgundy and
Germany who were unfriendly to Brunhilde, that they would come
over to his side at the critical moment. The aged queen had called
her people to arms, and, like her rival, Fredegunde, put herself at
their head; but when the armies met, on the river Aisne in
Champagne, the traitors in her own camp joined Clotar II. and the
struggle was ended without a battle. Brunhilde, then eighty years
old, was taken prisoner, cruelly tortured for three days, and then tied
by her gray hair to the tail of a wild horse and dragged to death. The
four sons of Theuderich were put to death at the same time, and
thus, in the year 613, Clotar II. became king of all the Franks. A
priest named Fredegar, who wrote his biography, says of him: "He
was a most patient man, learned and pious, and kind and
sympathizing towards every one!"

Clotar II. possessed, at least, energy enough to preserve a sway

which was based on a long succession of the worst crimes that
disgrace humanity. In 622, six years before his death, he made his
oldest son, Dagobert, a boy of sixteen, king of the German half of
his realm, but was obliged, immediately afterwards, to assist him
against the Saxons. He entered their territory, seized the people,
massacred all who proved to be taller than his own two-handed
sword, and then returned to France without having subdued the
spirit or received the allegiance of the bold race. Nothing of
importance occurred during the remainder of his reign; he died in
628, leaving his kingdom to his two sons, Dagobert and Charibert.
The former easily possessed himself of the lion's share, giving his
younger brother only a small strip of territory along the river Loire.
Charibert, however, drove the last remnant of the Visigoths into
Spain, and added the country between the Garonne and the
Pyrenees to his little kingdom. The name of Aquitaine was given to
this region, and Charibert's descendants became its Dukes, subject
to the kings of the Franks.

628. Dagobert had been carefully educated by Pippin

of Landen, the Royal Steward of Clotar II., and by
Arnulf, the Bishop of Metz. He had no quality of greatness, but he
promised to be, at least, a good and just sovereign. He became at
once popular with the masses, who began to long for peace, and for
the restoration of rights which had been partly lost during the civil
wars. The nobles, however, who had drawn the greatest advantage
from those wars, during which their support was purchased by one
side or the other, grew dissatisfied. They cunningly aroused in
Dagobert the love of luxury and the sensual vices which had ruined
his ancestors, and thus postponed the reign of law and justice to
which the people were looking forward.

In fact, that system of freedom and equality which the Germanic

races had so long possessed, was already shaken to its very base.
During the long and bloody feuds of the Merovingian kings, many
changes had been made in the details of government, all tending to
increase the power of the nobles, the civil officers and the dignitaries
of the Church. Wealth—the bribes paid for their support—had
accumulated in the hands of these classes, while the farmers,
mechanics and tradesmen, plundered in turn by both parties, had
constantly grown poorer. Although the external signs of civilization
had increased, the race had already lost much of its moral character,
and some of the best features of its political system.

There are few chronicles which inform us of the affairs of Germany

during this period. The Avars, after their treaty of peace with
Sigbert, directed their incursions against the Bavarians, but without
gaining any permanent advantage. On the other hand, the Slavonic
tribes, especially the Bohemians, united under the rule of a
renegade Frank, whose name was Samo, and who acquired a part of
Thuringia, after defeating the Frank army which was sent against
him. The Saxons and Thuringians then took the war into their own
hands, and drove back Samo and his Slavonic hordes. By this victory
the Saxons released themselves from the payment of an annual
tribute to the Frank kings, and the Thuringians became strong
enough to organize themselves again as a people and elect their
own Duke. The Franks endeavored to suppress this new
organization, but they were defeated by the Duke, Radulf, nearly on
the same spot where, just one hundred years before, Theuderich,
the son of Chlodwig, had crushed the Thuringian kingdom. From
that time, Thuringia was placed on the same footing as Bavaria,
tributary to the Franks, but locally independent.

638. END OF THE King Dagobert, weak, swayed by whatever

MEROVINGIAN influence was nearest, and voluptuous rather than
POWER.
cruel, died in 638, before he had time to do much
evil. He was the last of the Merovingian line who exercised any
actual power. The dynasty existed for a century longer, but its
monarchs were merely puppets in the hands of stronger men. Its
history, from the beginning, is well illustrated by a tradition current
among the people, concerning the mother of Chlodwig. They relate
that soon after her marriage she had a vision, in which she gave
birth to a lion (Chlodwig), whose descendants were wolves and
bears, and their descendants, in turn, frisky dogs.

Before the death of Dagobert—in fact, during the life of Clotar II.—a
new power had grown up within the kingdom of the Franks, which
gradually pushed the Merovingian dynasty out of its place. The
history of this power, after 638, becomes the history of the realm,
and we now turn from the bloody kings to trace its origin, rise and
final triumph.
 CHAPTER X.

THE DYNASTY OF THE ROYAL STEWARDS.

(638—768.)
The Steward of the Royal Household. —His Government of the Royal Lehen. —
His Position and Opportunities. —Pippin of Landen. —His Sway in Germany. —
Gradual Transfer of Power. —Grimoald, Steward of France. —Pippin of Heristall.
—His Successes. —Coöperation with the Church of Rome. —Quarrels between
his Heirs. —Karl defeats his Rivals. —Becomes sole Steward of the Empire. —He
favors Christian Missions. —The Labors of Winfried (Bishop Bonifacius). —
Invasion of the Saracens. —The Great Battle of Poitiers. —Karl is surnamed
Martel, the Hammer. —His Wars and Marches. —His Death and Character. —
Pippin the Short. —He subdues the German Dukes. —Assists Pope Zacharias. —
Is anointed King. —Death of Bonifacius. —Pippin defeats the Lombards. —Gives
the Pope Temporal Power. —His Death.

638. We have mentioned Pippin of Landen as the Royal

Steward of Clotar II. His office gave birth to the
new power which grew up beside the Merovingian rule and finally
suppressed it. In the chronicles of the time the officer is called the
Majordomus of the King,—a word which is best translated by
"Steward of the Royal Household"; but in reality, it embraced much
more extended and important powers than the title would imply. In
their conquests, the Franks—as we have already stated—usually
claimed at least one-third of the territory which fell into their hands.
A part of this was portioned out among the chief men and the
soldiers; a part was set aside as the king's share, and still another
part became the common property of the people. The latter,
therefore, fell into the habit of electing a Steward to guard and
superintend this property in their interest; and, as the kings became
involved in their family feuds, the charge of the royal estates was
intrusted to the hands of the same steward.

The latter estates soon became, by conquest, so extensive and

important, that the king gave the use of many of them for a term of
years, or for life, to private individuals in return for military services.
This was called the Lehen (lien, or loan) system, to distinguish it
from the Allod (allotment), whereby a part of the conquered lands
were divided by lot, and became the free property of those to whom
they fell. The Lehen gave rise to a new class, whose fortunes were
immediately dependent on the favor of the king, and who
consequently, when they appeared at the national assemblies, voted
on his side. Such a "loaned" estate was also called feod, whence the
term "feudal system," which, gradually modified by time, grew from
this basis. The importance of the Royal Steward in the kingdom is
thus explained. The office, at first, had probably a mere business
character. After Chlodwig's time, the civil wars by which the estates
of the king and the people became subject to constant change, gave
the steward a political power, which increased with each generation.
He stood between the monarch and his subjects, with the best
opportunity for acquiring an ascendency over the minds of both. At
first, he was only elected for a year, and his reëlection depended on
the honesty and ability with which he had discharged his duties.
During the convulsions of the dynasty, he, in common with king and
nobles, gained what rights the people lost: he began to retain his
office for a longer time, then for life, and finally demanded that it
should be hereditary in his family.

638. THE "LEHEN" The Royal Stewards of Burgundy and Germany

SYSTEM. played an important part in the last struggle
between Clotar II. and Brunhilde. When the
successful king, in 622, found that the increasing difference of
language and habits between the eastern and western portions of
his realm required a separation of the government, and made his
young son, Dagobert, ruler over the German half, he was compelled
to recognize Pippin of Landen as his Steward, and to trust Dagobert