Practicing

geography
ECZ geography Paper 1 questions with answers
from 2009 to 2019

William Muchimba
Foreword
The ECZ geography paper one is a multiple choice based assessment containing 50
questions. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section has 12 questions based
on map reading skills. The second section covers questions from 14 to 32; it is based on
elements of physical geography. The last section covers questions from 33 to 50. It is based
on elements of human geography at the global scale.
Geography paper one exam will require the learner to do more than remember the
geography concept learned in class but to synthesis those concepts and apply them. Time to
time, learners will be required to perform various calculations and do deductions from
diagrams or tables. Learners are expected to families themselves with maps i.e. know the
distribution of human and culture features on global, continental and local scale.
Just as the name suggests, practicing geography is intended to help geography learners’
acquaint themselves with geography questions and how to answer geography questions.
The book is a two part series containing volume 1 and volume 2. Volume 1 contains
Examination Council of Zambia geography paper one questions from 2009 to 2019.
Geography has for many years been a challenging subject for many learners. Among the
social science subjects, it often records the poorest results in most secondary schools. One
reason, such cases is to the fact that many learners are not climatisized with how geography
questions come and how to answer them. This book is intended to fill that void by
providing both the teachers and pupils with the text that will help learners face the exam
with confidence.
The book provides answers with comments on the answers given. In some instances
diagrams have been used to illustrates points been forwarded. The quality of this work
speaks for itself. Even though it a large document, it is easy to use since it has a clickable
table of contents. The author is passionate geographer and environmentalist. Muchimba
holds no punch, he does not blow in the air and he makes every punch count.

Chris Mazuba Hachibe

Contents
2009 Questions .............................................................................................................................. 4
Answers to 2009 .......................................................................................................................... 22
Geography Paper One .................................................................................................................. 22
2010 Questions ............................................................................................................................ 26
Answers to 2010 .......................................................................................................................... 41
Geography Paper One 2011 ......................................................................................................... 41
Answers to 2011 .......................................................................................................................... 60
Geography Paper One 2012 ......................................................................................................... 60
Answers to 2012 .......................................................................................................................... 83
2013 Geography Paper One Questions ......................................................................................... 87
Answers to 2013 Geography Paper One Questions ..................................................................... 102
2014 Geography Paper One Questions ....................................................................................... 107
2014 Answers in geography paper one ....................................................................................... 124
2015 Geography Paper One Questions ....................................................................................... 128
Answers to 2015 Geography Paper One questions...................................................................... 142
2016 Geography Paper One Question ........................................................................................ 146
Answers 2016 Geography paper ................................................................................................ 155
2016 Geography Paper One specimen Question ......................................................................... 157
Answers 2016 Geography paper one specimen........................................................................... 172
2017 Geography Paper One Question ........................................................................................ 176
Answers to 2017 Geography Paper One Question ...................................................................... 189
2018 Geography Paper One Questions ....................................................................................... 193
2018 Geography Paper One Answers ......................................................................................... 202
2019 Geography Paper One Questions ....................................................................................... 205
2019 Geography Paper One Answers ......................................................................................... 216
 Check out other works by Muchimba

Covering physical and human geography

Practicing
geography
ECZ and complementary geography
Paper 2 questions arranged in topics
with answers

William Muchimba

2020
Edition

DEDICATION
A CRITICAL AND DOWN TO EARTH INTRODUCTION TO
I dedicate this field report to my mother, Mrs. Grace Mphande because of her great love and
/
support towards me. I

Geography
Field Project
Mastering Geography
Field Project
A high school perspective

i|P age
1
 2009
Questions
Answers to
2009
Geography
Paper One
13) D. Time is calculated from the longitude note that longitudes are either East or west.
14) A. Variations in the length of days track the overhead of the sun. The overhead of the sun
occurs at the place or latitude where the sun’s rays are hitting the surface of that place at the
zenith (90 degrees) angle at noon (12:00 hours). The sun is overhead at the Tropic of
Capricorn on 21 or 22 December. This is known as Winter solstice. Beyond the Arctic Circle
(661/2oN) the sun never rises and there is darkness for the whole day while beyond the
Antarctic Circle (66.5OS), the sun never set. After the Winter Solstice, the length of days
begins to decrease in the Southern Hemisphere while increasing in the Northern until the
Vernal equinox on 21 or 22 March when there is equal days and equal night everywhere.
After the Vernal equinox, length of days continues to decrease in the Southern Hemisphere,
now this time, nights are longer than night. In the Northern Hemisphere length of days
continue to increase, now this time, days are longer than nights. The longest day duration in
the northern hemisphere and the shortest in the southern hemisphere is reached on Summer
Solstice which falls on 21st June. Beyond the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets while beyond
Antarctic Circle the sun never rises. After 21st June the length of days begins to now increase
in the Southern Hemisphere while decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere until the Autumnal
equinox on 23rd September when everywhere there the equal length of day and night. After
the Autumnal equinox the length of days continues to decrease in the northern hemisphere,
this time, days are now shorter than nights. In the southern hemisphere, the length of days
continues to increase, this time, days are longer than nights. The longest day period in the
southern hemisphere and shortest day period in the northern hemisphere occurs on Winter
Solstice. These changes are cyclic.
15) A. Biotic weathering causes chemical as large animals urinate and leaves feces on rocks.
Also tiny insect secrete acids on rock.
16) B. Potholes are common the youth stage of the river. The youth stage is the zone of origin of
sediments as there is active erosion. As the gradient of the river reduces, the river begins
depositing courser materials like sand followed by fine load like clay and silt.
17) A. The shaded region shows the Fold Mountains which are the Andes in South America, the
Rockies in North America, and the Himalayas in Asia. Fold Mountains are formed by folding
and thus Figure A shows the process of folding.
18) A. Earthquakes through secondary and primary waves destroys building, set fires and is
associated with landslides.
19) A. Chemical weathering is in one major way caused acid action.
20) B. Geysers are fountains of supper heated water which is the evidence of hot rock beneath.
21) . C. To determine wind direction, a wind vane spins and points in the direction from which
the wind is coming and generally has two parts, or ends: one that is usually shaped like an
arrow and turns into the wind and one end that is wider so that it catches the breeze. The
arrow will point to the direction the wind is blowing from so if it is pointing to the east, it
means the wind is coming from the east. Additionally, wind direction is where the wind is
blowing from. Therefore a west wind is blowing from the west. As the wind vane shown on
the figure wind is from the south west represented by C.
22) A. an Anemometer is placed on the open space not in the Stevenson Screen.
23) C. Wind barbs are used on weather maps to represent both wind direction and speed. Wind
barbs comprise of three parts: a dot, a staff and flags or feathers. The orientation of the staff
part of a wind barb shows wind direction. The staff is represented by C on the question.
24) A. Coal industries release gases like carbon mono oxide which deplete the Ozone.
25) D. Sclerophyll biomes receive rain in winter but their summers are warm and dry. D is off
course a sclerophyll.
26) A. It is not correct that the rain gauge need to firmly fastened because from time to time
water to be poured into the measuring cylinder.
27) . C. Both the Savanna and tropical rainforest experience convectional rainfall.
28) C. The Savanna climate receives annual rainfall 500mm to 1500 mm and much rains is
received in the summer.
29) . C. One way in which natural vegetation adapt to the savanna climate is by withstanding
long drought.
30) B. There is plenty of water in the rainforest biomes thus trees do not compete for water.
31) B. X represent the Andes Mountains and Y while represent the Himalayas Mountains.
32) B. Medical improvements lowered the death rates for the developing nations while birth
rates stayed high. Thus, there was a natural increase.
33) B. China is the most populous nation in the world, even though India is projected to surpass
china in the coming years.
34) A.
35) D. Quick transport is the not essential in cultivation. Also flat land is quite not essential as
Terrence’s are created in hilly. Check the picture below:
36) C
37) A.
38) A
39) B. Dairy due to the fact that the milk shed demands that milk be located close range to the
market. Even though new technology has increased the radius of the milk shed.
40) B
41) B. Low lands have high pressure which in turn is associated high velocity winds which is
required to turn the turbines.
42) B.
43) . A
44) B. Fossil fuels comes ancient organic remains like marine, vegetated and animal remains of
which these turn either to coal or petroleum. Natural gas is itself derived from petroleum.
Thus, geothermal is not a fossil fuel.
45) B. Cleveland is renowned for oil mining and not coal or iron ore
46) D
47) D
48) A
49) C.
50) A.
 2010
Questions
Answers to
2010
Geography
Paper One
13) A: on 21st March all places on earth have earthdays and equal night.
14) C: The angle at which the sunlight strikes the Earth at a particular time and place
is referred to as the angle of insolation (sometimes the term altitude is used which
means the angle of an object above the horizon). The location on the Earth where
the Sun is directly overhead at solar noon is known as the subsolar point. For
example, at the summer solstice, June 21 or 22, the Sun’s rays hit the Earth most
directly along the Tropic of Cancer (23.5o N), The altitude of the Sun at solar noon
can also be calculated with the following simple equation: Sun Angle = 90 - Zenith
Angle
Working
First we must determine the latitude were the sun is overhead, since we have been
given the date, it is easy figure out that it latitude 23.5 degrees north. The next step
is for us to find the Zenith angle. Note that only latitudes are used here. Now, since
23.5 degrees north and 48 degrees North are in same hemispheres, we subtract the
two latitude i.e. (48- 23.5 = 24.5)
Now filling our formula Sun Angle = 90 - Zenith Angle = 90 – 24.5
= 65.5 degrees

15) B. Landslides are commonly associated with earthquakes, even though an

earthquake can also trigger an avalanche.
16) A. Weathering is the breaking down or weakening of rock due their exposure to
the atmosphere.
17) A
18) C
19) D. Interlocking spurs mostly occur in the upper stage of the river where vertical
erosion is the main work of the river.
20) A. Active volcanoes occur at the destructive boundaries as result of heat generated
by the collision of continental crust and ocean crust.
21) C
22) C. Residual mountains are formed as a result of erosion of an existing elevated
area. Recall that denudation is the general lowering of the landscape through
weathering, erosion and depositions.
23) B.
24) The figure had shown a land breeze. A land breeze is a local nighttime and early
morning wind that occurs along coasts and blows offshore (from the land out to
sea). It arises at sunset when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land due to
the land having a lower heat capacity and cooling off faster. It then continues into
the early morning hours until the heating of the day begins. The rising air through
evaporation creates a low pressure A.
25) B.
26) B. From the diagram 35 % is reflected back to space while 14 % is absolved by the
atmosphere, thus about 51 % will reach the earth. Add 35 % and 14 % then
subtract from 100.
27) D. S experiences a Mediterranean climate which has off-shore winds in summer
and on-shore winters in winter.
28) C
29) D
30) C. Hot deserts receives low rain which less than 25cm. there have large diurnal
range, they do have prevailing winds and humidity is not low all year round.
31) A
32) C
33) A. From the diagram we can approximate 1.7 billion thus from the answers given
2 billion is the closest to correct the collect answer. Also note that current
projection is that by 2025 there will be about 1.5 billion people in Africa.
34) A population increase result into low health standard due high demand of health
facilities. In turn patient to doctor ratio increases, drugs may run out etc.
35) D. About 1 billion people live in the deserts due to the mineral like oil found in
huge reserves there.
36) A
37) A.
38) B. Starch crops like Cassava, millets, yam, cucurbits are commonly grown under
shifting cultivation.
39) A. Milky is a perishable product no wonder is dairy has to be located within the
milk shed (the area or radius of which milk can be supplied to the market without
going bad.
40) B. India is the second largest producer of tea behind China. From the list given is
the largest.
41) A: the stages in cocoa processing are shown below
42) D. The shaded regions are the major of the world which receives very little rain,
but sugar requires plenty of water.
43) B
44) A. Oil is contained in the anticlines as shown below.
45) B.
46) D.
47) B
48) A
49) C. Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, also known as crude
iron, which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace
50) B.
 2011
Geography
Paper One
Answers to
2011
Geography
Paper One
13) C. Recall that a longitude is an angle created by joining the centre of the centre, the
prime meridian and a given point. From the diagram 60 degrees west is created by
ROW
14) D.
15) A.
16) B
17) A. check the anatomy of a volcano below:
18) C. A distributory is a small river channel which is slit from the main channel. A
lagoon is a stretch of water that is more or less enclosed and often shallow,
protected from the open sea by a spit, tombolo, bay-mouth bar, or other kind.
19) D. A dormant is said to be sleeping because has the potential of erupting even
though it has not erupted in the last 10000 years.
20) B. Floodplains are result of fluvial activities rather than tectonic activities.
21) C. Continent has the mineral composition rich in aluminum and silicon no wonder
it is sometimes called the sial.
22) C. As the river floods, it deposits sediments and alluvium (clay, silt, sand, gravel,
or other unconsolidated rock and) which piles up as mounds along the river’s edge
which known as natural levees. Natural levees may block a tributary from joining
the main channel, hence the tributary may run parallel to the consequent stream
before joining it, and such streams are referred to as deferred streams.
23) A
24) D
25) D
26) B. The information summary about the wind at a particular location is map
diagram known as a wind rose.
27) D
28) B
29) D. Annual range is calculated by maximum mean temperature subtracted by
minimum mean temperature. The Maximum mean temperature is 15.5 degrees
Celsius while the minimum mean temperature is -50 degrees Celsius. Thus annual
range = 15.5- (-50= 65.5
30) C. The annual precipitation from the graph in the question
(18+15+23+48+97=114+86+58+41+28+20) =624 mm this is in the range of
Savanna which receives annual precipitation of between 500 mm and 1500 mm.
 624 mm is also in the range of the Mediterranean climate whose annual
precipitation is the range between 350 mm and 900 mm. checking mean annual
temperature yields 17 degrees Celsius. Recall the mean temperature is calculated
by adding the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature then dividing
the answer by 2. The annual mean temperature fall under the range of the
Mediterranean climate this is between 15 and 17 degrees Celsius. The savanna
climate has the annual mean temperature that ranges between 18°C and 25°C in
winter and in summer 25– 30°C.

31) . A

32) D

33) . A

34) . C. A population with a narrow base usually represents MEDC like Spain.

35) C

36) D

37) B. sugarcane is used in all the above even though strictly speaking maize can also
be used in the all the above but rarely used in confectionary products.

38) C.

39) B. Rice requires level surface to enable the fields to be flooded at least during the
growing period. Similarly wheat is commonly grown under mechanized agriculture
system which also requires flat land.

40) C

41) B

42) C

43) D. Nuclear energy provides almost 20% of world’s electricity. The United States
is the leading producer of nuclear energy of which 19.5 percentage of it energy
 share comes from this source. The other top producing countries of nuclear energy
are France (77% of its total energy share), Russia (18.1%), China (2.9) and South
Korea (30.4%). Japan does not make it on the top five producers of nucleur that
from the question should be given the lowest figure.

44) D. Peat is a precursor of coal

45) C. Many coal derivatives are produced indirectly by the destructive distillation of
coal. The destructive distillation process takes place in the absence of oxygen
(within an airtight oven) that prevents the coal from burning. The remaining
material, coke, is nearly pure carbon. It is the most widely used coal derivative and
is burned by mills to change ore into pure iron that is needed to make steel. Some
of the gases produced during the distillation process can be refined to form
ammonia, coal tar, and light oil. Manufacturer's can use these products to make a
variety of other products. The main derivatives of coal through the distillation
process are coke, gas, tar, light oil and chemicals. Medicine is derived from the tar
acids such as salicylic acid, nitro phenol and picric acid. Some medicines are also
obtained from benzol which comes from light oil.

46) D. The top producers of natural gas are USA, Iran, Russia, Quatar, Canada
respectively.

47) A check the map below

48) A
49) C. The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite (Fe 3O4, 72.4% Fe), hematite
(Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe), goethite (FeO (OH), 62.9% Fe), limonite (FeO(OH)·n(H2O),
55% Fe) or siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe).
50) A
 2012
Geography
Paper One
Questions
Answers to
2012
Geography
Paper One
13) the distance between two successive latitude which lies on the same longitude is
111km. since Cape Town and lies on the same longitude. Can need to find the
difference in latitude between the two cities. Since the two cities are different
hemispheres, when need to add 33ºN and 47 ºS which yields 80º. We now multiply
80 by 111 which yields 8880 km.
14) A. when the sun is overhead in the north hemisphere, places in the southern
hemisphere experiences shorter days.
15) D. Tension is the pulling force which causes two blocks to move away from each
other. The resulting g feature is the valley in the middle.
16) A
17) C
18) D. River terrace, bench or step that extends along the side of a valley and represents
a former level of the valley floor. A terrace results from any hydrological or climatic
shift that causes renewed downcutting. It generally has a flat top made up of
sedimentary deposits and a steep for edge, and it may be the remains of an old
floodplain, cut through by the river and left standing above the present floodplain
level.
19) A. The description of this event suits a tsunami. Tsunamis mostly caused by
volcanic eruption, earthquakes or an underwater landslide which occur in the oceans.
20) D
21) C. 2 represent the asthenosphere which is in the molten state.
22) B. The tilting of the objects shown was the consequence of creep which is slow
movement of weathered materials.
23) A. To calculate relative humidity first find the difference between the wet bulb and
the dry bulb temperature reading and using a relative humidity chart. The difference
between is then matched to humidity chart. From the question the difference
between dry bulb and wet bulb is 5 degrees, matching 5 degrees with 35 (the wet
bulb reading), results 68 percent.
24) . A
25) D. The shaded regions represent hot deserts ofthe world which receives about
250mm of rain.
26) B.
27) C. A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the
surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a
cumulus cloud.
28) C. Hot desert have large diurnal range of temperature and annual precipitation about
250 mm.
29) C. Annual range is calculated by Max T- Min T From the question the Max T is 10
º C and the Min T is -40 º C. Thus Max T- Min T=10-(-40)=50
30) D. when humidity is high, little evaporation takes place due to large presences of
moist in the air
31) B
32) B. some plants in the savanna such grasses can remain dormant throughout the dry
season, to aid water conservation, which therefore enables them to survive.

33) D

34) C. Most developed countries had slowed their birth rates in the 1990s. even though
the USA is developed is a developed national it has not yet shown trend of birth
rates decline like most European countries due to the huge influx of emigrants.

35) B. Under population describes a country or region when it could support a much
larger population than it has.

36) C

37) C. shifting cultivation is almost entirely by subsistence farmers

38) A

39) C. Plantation rarely produces staple food, no wonder they are not good for food
security.

40) C

41) D

42) A. The middle has the largest oil reserves in the world.

43) C

44) C
45) A. The primary purpose of the Akosombo Dam was to provide electricity for the
aluminium industry. Check out the map below

46) A

47) D. Mining in Japan is minimal because Japan does not possess many on-shore
mineral resources. ... There are small deposits of coal, oil, iron and minerals in the
Japanese archipelago. Japan is scarce in critical natural resources and has been
heavily dependent on imported energy and raw materials.

48) B. Limestone is also used to remove impurities from the blast furnace when making
iron.

49) A

50) C. An entrepreneur would probably choose C because of the proximity or closeness

to the entire major requirement in the iron and steel industry.
 2013
Geography
Paper One
Questions
Answers to
2013
Geography
Paper One
Questions
13. D
14. D. The longitude for which time is 12 00 hours when local time at prime meridian
is 16: 00 hours must be in the west of the of prime meridian. The difference in time
is 4 hours (16-12=4), we must now convert hours into longitude; recall that one
hour is equivalent to 15 degrees. Thus we multiply 4 by 15 which give 60 degrees.
15. A. volcanism produces fertile soils known as andisols overtime. Note volcanism
may also bring valuable to the surface, but mining of such minerals may not
necessary be a long term. However, for soil to form its takes thousands to millions
of years.
16. B. Rivers transport material in four ways: Solution - minerals are dissolved in the
water and carried along in solution. This typically occurs in areas where the
underlying bedrock is limestone. Suspension - fine light material is carried along in
the water. Saltation - small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed.
Traction - large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed. Thus, from the
diagram in the question saltation is represented by B. also check the diagram below:

17. B A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record

earthquakes.
18. B. the shaded region area the Sahel region which is semi-desert. This region is
prone drought, thus drought have even caused the drying of Lake to more 90% of
its original size.
19. A. The diagram shows a rock weathering by unloading. Unloading is the release of
pressure from igneous rocks which form at depth in the crust when they are uplifted
 or when the immense weight of the overburden rock above them is removed.
Unloading causes rocks to expand in response to the pressure release and are
broken into smaller slabs. When rocks crack by slipping in horizontal or concentric
shells it is termed as exfoliation. Igneous are mostly crystalline (made up of
interlocking crystals), textured rocks and usually very hard to break. Thus, from the
options given one characteristics of igneous rocks is that they are hard resistant
rocks.
20. C
21. A. Folding is the bend of rock layers in response to the forces of compression
occurring in rocks.
22. B check the diagram below

23. C. Diary annual is the difference between the maximum temperature and the
minimum temperature of a particular day.
24. D. Minimum temperature is recorded by alcohol thermometer in which the
meniscus drags a metal index to the lowest temperature then leaves it as the column
rises when temperatures increase.
25. B. the air is close to saturation when humidity is very high, thus 80 percent is the
highest reading for RH given in the question.
26. D. Difference in latitude results in large difference in temperature.
27. A. On a weather map areas with equal air pressure are connected by isobars.
28. A
29. C. Greenheart is one of the tree species commonly in the rainforests. Note that the
rainforest fits the description high temperature and heavy rain throughout the year.
30. A. From the data given the mean annual temperature is 16.5 degrees (calculated by
adding the maxi mean and the mini mean temperatures, then dividing the answer by
2). This annual temperature mean fits that of the Mediterranean climate is also
called as sclerophyll. The annual precipitation received
(15+8+18+48+78+84+89+66+43+31+18+10) = 508 is in the range of the annual
precipitation received in the Mediterranean climate which ranges from 350mm to
900mm. thus one characteristics of the natural vegetation in the Mediterranean
biome is that they evergreen green and scrubs.
31. D
32. B
33. B. Note Western Europe is densely populated as it one of the population cluster of
the world. Europe is having low birth rates too. Q represents South East and South
Africa is another population cluster, unlikely Europe some parts of this region are
still having high population growth like India.
34. C.
35. D
36. A. The Amazon basin contains thick jungles which are barely populated by forest
communities.
37. C.
38. C. In South Asia and south East which is the most densely populated region in the
world has the majority of its habitants live in rural areas engaged in intensive rice
cultivation.
39. D
40. A. Livestock rearing is perhaps the biggest threats to the rainforest accounting to
more than 73 percent of deforestation and releasing Methane (CH4) is the powerful
greenhouse. In Amazon where livestock rearing is happening, the tropical forest is
seriously endangered to transform into the Savanna.
41. A
42. C
43. B
44. A
45. D
46. D
47. B
 2014
Geography
Paper One
Questions
 2014
Answers in
geography
paper one
 13. A. When crossing an international date line, the day changes, since Alaska is in
west of Asia where the day is 30th December, Alaska must be on 29th December.
14. C. The angle at which the sunlight strikes the Earth at a particular time and place is
referred to as the angle of insolation (sometimes the term altitude is used which
means the angle of an object above the horizon). The location on the Earth where
the Sun is directly overhead at solar noon is known as the subsolar point. For
example, at the summer solstice, June 21 or 22, the Sun’s rays hit the Earth most
directly along the Tropic of Cancer (23.5o N), The altitude of the Sun at solar noon
can also be calculated with the following simple equation:
Sun Angle = 90 - Zenith Angle
Working
First we must determine the latitude were the sun is overhead, since we have been given
the date, it is easy figure out that it latitude 23.5 degrees north.
The next step is for us to find the Zenith angle. Note that only latitudes are used here.
Now, since 23.5 degrees north and 48 degrees North are in same hemispheres, we subtract
the two latitude i.e. (48- 23.5 = 24.5)
Now filling our formula
Sun Angle = 90 - Zenith Angle
= 90 – 24.5
= 65.5 degrees
15. D. Finest sediments are found in plain course, as the river lose its energy to
transport or carry sediments it begins by deposits large sediments, followed by
smaller ones, since the plain course it found close to end of the river’s journey, the
finest sediments are thus, the main materials deposited by the river.
16. A.
17. A
18. A
19. D. limestone is very venerable to water thus; solution is very active in limestone
areas.
20. D
21. C. Percolation is absorption of water by the earth surface. This is represented by
later Y. Runoff is the surface movements of precipitated water via sheet wash
 (unchannelled), rills (tiny channels) and gullies (larger channels) downhill to rivers
or other lake water bodies. This is represented by later X.
22. C. Viscous lava does not flow a long distance before solidifying. Fluid lava flows
for longer distances before solidifying. Viscous lava is responsible for creating tall
landscapes like mountains while fluid is responsible for the creation of plateau or
long elongated mountains.
23. A. a cyclone is low pressure which flows out ward in a counterclockwise direction
in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
Anticyclones is a high pressure system in which blows inward In winds blow in a
clockwise direction the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise direction in
southern hemisphere. From the diagrams it can be clearly be seen that A fits the
above descriptions.
24. D. When the wet bulb and dry bulb thermometer reading have the same reading, it
means that the air is saturated, and there is thus high likelihood of precipitation.
25. Question not complete
26. B
27. C. The towns represent Mediterranean climate which have dry summer and wet
winters.
28. B
29. A. explain check question 27.
30. D
31. D
32. A
33. C. The population pyramid with narrow base represents a low fertility rates. Low
fertility rates goes along with low mortality rates.
34. D
35. C
36. A
37. C
38. A. Maize is grown mostly in regions having annual rainfall between 60 cm to 110
cm. But it is also grown in areas having rainfall of about 40 cm. Maize is grown in
temperatures between 18°C and 27°C during the day and around 14°C during the
night.
39. C. To find the percentage of land under irrigation divide area under irrigation by
cultivated area then multiply by 100. This calculation for each country will show
that Japan has the largest percentage of the irrigated area of about 55 percentages.
40. A
41. C. Sisal usages like making sags, bags, have been overtaken by petroleum products
like PVC.
42. A
43. A
44. B. Oil has been historically the world’s most used energy source accounting for
approximately 39% of the global energy consumption.
45. A petroleum is trapped at anticline
46. B
47. A
48. B Haematite and Limonite are types of iron ore while anthracite and lignite are
grades of coal
49. B
50. B. coal was the energy source was used to fuel industries at the beginning of the
industrial revolution and not hydro-electricity.
 2015
Geography
Paper One
Questions
Answers to
2015
Geography
Paper One
questions
13. D. All places on earth including 23.5 ºN have equal days and equal night on equinox.
Equinox occurs on 21st March and 23rd September.
14. D
15. D
16. B. Hydrolysis is the wearing of rock at a molecular level involving HO ions.
17. D
18. C. Head erosion is responsible for joining two basins. This trend is common in the youth
stage of the river.
19. A
20. C. Water that has percolated into the ground and become trapped within pores, cracks, and
fissures referred to as groundwater. Groundwater is contained in the saturated zone and in
the unsaturated zone. The unsaturated zone, immediately below the land surface, contains
water and air in the open spaces, or pores. The saturated zone is a region within
groundwater in which all the pores and rock fractures are filled with Water. The water table
is the depth which marks the beginning of the saturated zone.
21. D
22. D. The troposphere is the lowest and densest part of the atmosphere. The current
composition of the troposphere was the result of volcanism.
23. C. Recall that isotherms connect places with equal temperature. A is the on the isotherm
with 25 degrees Celsius.
24. A
25. A (check the diagram below)
26. D (already in some questions)
27. D. The gravity causes the upper layers of atmosphere to exert force on the lower ones due
to their weight. This causes the air to compress and hence the air become dense at the lower
level (closer to surface) while in comparison the air at heights( far from surface) is rarer or
thinner.
28. C
29. B. From the diagram in the question A and D represents the Mediterranean climate which
has dry summers and wet winters. C represents the tropical rainforest which receives rain
all year round. Thus, B which represent the summer which receives rain in summer and has
the dry winters.
30. C. The leeward side typically has a dry, warm climate. This is because by the time air rises
up the windward side and reaches the summit, it has already stripped of the majority of its
moisture. Air is caused to rise by the slopes.
31. B. This climatography has the annual rainfall which is less than 250mm, and has large
temperature; this fitly represents the hot desert.
32. A
33. C (already explained in other questions)
34. B
35. A
36. C. just check the graph
37. B
38. D. Rice requires more water than wheat, no wonder it is usually grown in very wet region
in south Asia.
39. D. Terrace farming is a method of farming whereby “steps” known as terraces are built
onto the slopes of hills and mountains. When it rains, instead of rain carrying away the soil
nutrients and plants down the slope, they flow to the next terrace.
40. A. Prolonged planting of the same crop type leads to depletion of specific nutrients in the
soil. Each crop type has a different nutrient interaction with the soil, they each release and
absorb different types of nutrients. Because of this, crop rotation increases soil fertility by
controlling deficient or excess nutrients because it replenishes nutrients that are not
available or absorbing nutrients that are in abundance.
41. D
42. B. Cover crops are crops grown between the regular crops like corn, soybean and wheat.
Hay cannot be grown along other crops thus, it not a cover crop.
43. B. from the options given in the question Canada is the largest producer of HEP, in the
world it is the third largest producer of HEP following China and Brazil.
44. A
45. D
46. C
47. A. Cobalt is added to high speed steels to improve hot hardness
48. C
49. C
50. B. Whilst the Iron and steel industries have undergone lot of changes in their location
factors, the access of raw materials still remains very important.
 2016
Geography
Paper One
Question
ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2016
1. A plane left Zambia (30oE) at 21:00 hours on Wednesday. What will be the local time at
place P (105oE) when the plane is leaving Zambia?
A. 02:00 hours on Tuesday C. 16:00 hours on Wednesday
B. 02:00 hours on Wednesday D. 16:00 hours on Thursday
2. Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.

Which one of the following angles determines latitude 30oE above?

A. ORP C. PRO
B. POT D. TOR
3. Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.

Which of the following represents the features marked P, Q, R and S on the diagram?

P Q R S
A Levees Alluvium Bluff Ox-bow lake
B Levees Bluff Alluvium Ox-bow lake
C Ox-bow lake Levees Alluvium Bluff
D Ox-bow lake Bluff Levees Alluvium
4. Read the information given about a mountain type.
(i) Sides are very steep
(ii) The top is almost flat
(iii) Rises above low lands on their side
Which one of the following mountain types has the characteristics described above?
A. Fold mountain C. Residual mountain
B. Horst mountain D. Volcanic mountain
5. Which one of the following lists contain a river’s load carried as traction?
A. Boulders, pebbles and stones C. Silt, mud and mod woods
B. Dissolved matter in water D. Silt, stones and boulder
6. Why are some volcanic cones steep sided in their formation? Because…
A. The lava flows quietly and is not very explosive
B. The lava flows slowly and seldom travels far before solidifying
C. The lava spreads out as thin sheets over great distances before solidifying
D. Of the every hot lava that are highly fluid
7. Which one of the following is known as a potent rock breaker in temperate latitudes?
A. Biotic factors C. Repeated temperature changes
B. Frost action D. Repeated wetting and drying
8. Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.

Which of the following is true about part A in the above diagram? It is a…

A. Sill resistant to denudation C. Dyke resistant to denudation
B. Sill not resistant to denudation D. Dyke not resistant to denudation
9. Fold Mountains are also known as mountains of…
A. Accumulation C. Deposition
B. Denudation D. Elevation
10. The information below relates to a natural phenomenon.
(i) The crust shakes
(ii) Sea level recedes below normal low tide
(iii)Wild animals flee to high altitude lands
(iv)Inundation of coastal lands by water
 To which of the following does the information relate to?
A. Volcanic eruption C. Tsunami
B. Severe avalanche D. Cyclonic incursion
11. What is likely to occur when air rises over cold air?
A. Convectional rainfall C. Orographic rainfall
B. Convergence rainfall D. Relief rainfall
12. Study the diagram below showing an air pressure system and answer the question that
follows.

Which one of the following systems is represented by the above diagram?

A. A cyclone in the southern hemisphere
B. A cyclone in the northern hemisphere
C. An anti-cyclone in the northern hemisphere
D. An anti-cyclone in the southern hemisphere
13. On a map, lines joining places with equal amount of cloud cover are known as …
A. Isobars C. Isonephs
B. Isohels D. Isohyets
14. The name given to the condensation of water vapour in the air resulting in small droplets
of water floating in the air near the ground and reducing visibility is…
A. Dew C. Haze
B. Fog D. Mist
15. Hot arid regions experiences a large diurnal range of temperature because of…
A. Clouds which act as a blanket
B. Lack of cloud cover
C. The dense vegetative cover
D. The presence of cone shaped trees
16. Study the climatic graph of town X below and answer the question that follows.
 What type of climate is experienced by town X?
A. Hot wet equatorial C. Savanna
B. Mediterranean D. Tropical monsoon
17. Which one of the following towns has the savanna type of climate?
A. Algiers C. Cape town
B. Cairo D. Khartoum
18. The map below shows the extent of the equatorial regions of Africa.

Which of the following is a reason why area X does not experience equatorial conditions
despite being found along the equator.
A. Coastal location has modified temperatures
B. Its lower altitude discourages formation of rainy clouds
C. The high altitude has resulted into lower temperatures
D. The northeast monsoon winds do not reach the area
19. In which region are the following found?
(i) Halophytic plants
(ii) Underground water reaches the surface in depressions
(iii) Thick long gowns are worn as protection against heat and coldness
(iv)Large diurnal range of temperature
A. Arid hot regions
B. Siberian climatic region
C. Sudan climatic region
D. Warm temperature western margin
20. Which one of the following is not an adaptation of the vegetation in the savanna?
A. Corn shaped C. Long tap-roots
B. Fire resistant D. Umbrella shaped
21. Study the world map below and answer the question that follows.

Two factors which have attracted more people in the shaded area shown above are…
A. Industries and fertile land
B. Lack of natural disasters and cooler climate
C. Warmer climate and fertile soils
D. Wetter conditions and industries
22. A country is said to have an optimum population when the…
A. Dependence ratio balances with the ratio of workers
B. Developed natural resources are much more than what the population requires
C. Developed natural resources do not meet the needs of its population
D. Number of people is in balance with the developed natural resources
23. Which one of the following is not a problem of over – population?
A. Improper sanitation C. High employment levels
B. Inadequate housing D. Poor health service
24. When two or more towns grow and expand towards each other till they eventually merge,
they form a continuous urban or industrial belt known as…
A. Capital city C. Metropolitan city
B. Conurbation D. Sub-urban
25. Which of the following is the largest producer of wool?
A. Australia C. Canada
B. Britain D. Japan
26. The bar graph below shows the five major coffee producers in the world.

Which country is represented by letter W?

A. Brazil C. Guatemala
B. Ethiopia D. Mexico
27. Which one of the following crops requires the following growing conditions?
(i) Summer rain of 890mm
(ii) Temperature of about 21oC
(iii) Deep, well-drained soil
A. Coffee C. Sugar cane
B. Maize D. Wheat
28. Which one of the following crops might lead to deforestation during its processing stage?
A. Cotton C. Sugar cane
B. Maize D. Tobacco
29. Which of the following is a type of extensive farming?
A. Dairy farming C. Ranching
B. Fish farming D. Truck farming
30. To improve soil fertility, the most likely farming technique that farmers practicing
monoculture may resort to is…
A. Contour ploughing C. Terracing
B. Crop rotation D. The growing of cover crops
31. Which one of the following sources of electric power is environmentally friendly?
A. Geothermal B. Nuclear power
 C. Solar power D. Thermal power
32. Which one of the following is not an advantage of hydro-electricity over other forms of
energy?
A. Cheap to construct C. Convenient transport
B. Cleanliness D. Unlimited degree of divisibility
33. Which one of the following energy sources leads to contaminations of soils by
radioactive materials?
A. Hydro-electric power C. Solar power
B. Nuclear power D. Thermal power
34. Which one of the following is not a major use of coal?
A. Fueling rockets into space
B. Generating electricity
C. Raising steam power
D. The manufacture of chemical products
35. The iron and steel industries located along the great lakes-St. Lawrence and along the
Japanese coastal areas have taken advantage of…
A. A wet-point location C. Interior iron ore deposits
B. Cheap water transport D. Large interior markets
36. Which one of the following iron ore types has the following properties?
(i) Black in colour and mainly from igneous rocks
(ii) Has excellent magnetic qualities
(iii) Has about 70% iron ore content
A. Hematite C. Magnetite
B. Limonite D. Siderite
37. The coke used in the iron and steel works comes from…
A. Bituminous C. Kaolin
B. Gypsum D. Lignite
38. Study a sketch map below and answer the questions that follow.

Which one of the following marked A, B, C and D would an investor best

choose for an integrated iron and steel plant?
 Answers
2016
Geography
paper
1. 02: 00 hours on Thursday check similar questions
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A heavy loads are transported via as traction load
6. B
7. B temperate regions are extremely cold and thus, frost action is the predominant
causes of weathering
8. D
9. D
10. C
11. A
12. C. In the northern hemisphere an anticyclone rotates in the clockwise direction,
13. C
14. D
15. B
16. B
17. D
18. C
19. A
20. A
21. A
22. D
23. C
24. B
25. A
26. A
 2016
Geography
Paper One
specimen
Question
 Answers
2016
Geography
paper one
specimen
 13. A. To calculate the time difference between Greenwich and a said Longitude.
Step 1: Find the difference between the two given Longitudes.
Step 2: multifunction the difference by
If it is on west of Greenwich median than subtract the calculated time from actual time of
GMT and if it is on east than add.
Working
The difference in longitude between Greenwich and Sidney is 151 degrees.
Then divide 151 by 15 which yield. 10. 06
Recall that time calculation is based on hourly time zones, thus, ignore the decimals. Thus
the difference in time between Greenwich and Sydney is just hours
We now add 10 hours to 03:00 pm or 15:00 hours, which gives 01: 00 am. Note: AM
stands in short for Ante Meridiem, de latin name for “Before Midday” or “Before Noon”.
PM stands in short for Post Meridiem, de latin name for “After Midday” or “After Noon”.
Note the answers given, demand that we use minutes, but this is not correct, because there
no time zones based on minutes. But still the answer closest to the correct is 01:04 am

14. B
15. B.
16. A. Composite volcanoes, also called stratovolcanoes, are cone-shaped volcanoes
built from many layers of lava, pumice, ash, and tephra. Because they are built of
layers of viscous material, rather than fluid lava, composite volcanoes tend to form
tall peaks rather than rounded cones. It also true that the composite volcanoes are
made of acid lava, however, this is not always the case, since others might be ash,
rock and pyroclastic flows.
17. A
18. A
19. A. the lower of Rivers are ideal sites for human habitation because of their fertile
floodplains, easy access to the ocean, and abundant land.
20. B
21. C. C is correct; because this result when an intrusion of magma is made
horizontally along the bedding planes of sedimentary rocks.
22. C
23. C
24. A. A dot on the weather map represents rain, the more the heavy the rain. The
empty circle represents absence of cloud. This description will fit a calm weather.
25. B. The diagram shows an anticyclone since wind is moving outward. Anticyclones
are associated with calm or dry weather.
26. D. Greenhouse gas, any gas that has the property of absorbing infrared radiation
(net heat energy) emitted from Earth's surface and reradiating it back to Earth's
surface.
27. C. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to
the ground.
28. C. Annual range is calculated by the minimum reached temperature subtract the
minimum reached temperature (Max T – Min T). From the graph the Max T is 32 º
C while the Min T is 25 º C. Thus, Max T –Min T= 32-25= 7
29. D. The wettest months from the graph were, the second (275 mm), third (300 mm)
and 12th (275 mm) months. Adding the three months yields 850 mm.
30. A
31. A. The rainforest biome are very diverse, thus, finding lumbering in the same area
is quite difficult.
32. D. The narrow shaped population is a representation of low fertility rates.
33. A. The broad base shaped population usually tends to have short life expectancy.
34. B. Intensive rice cultivation is practiced in South Asia where the majority of the
people live in rural area.
35. C
36. A. Most work in rice cultivation is done by hands and water buffaloes, although
recently small tractors have been introduced.
37. C
38. B
39. A
40. D. The cocoa farming is best developed in regions having about 27°C of average
annual temperature.
41. A. cereals are starch foods barley, corn, wheat, millet, rice, oats, sorghum, and
maize.
42. A
43. B. A wasting asset is an item that irreversibly declines in value over time,
contrarily, HEP is renewable resource.
44. C
45. A. Check the diagram below.

46. D check the diagram below

47. C. Japan is the largest producer of iron and steel from the list given; at world level
it is second from China.
48. C. the Ural region has deposits of coal and iron ores like magnetite. The probable
material taken from some else is limestone.
49. A. Hematite is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth's surface and in the
shallow crust. It is an iron oxide with a chemical composition of Fe2O3. It is a
common rock-forming mineral found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
rocks at locations throughout the world.
 2017
Geography
Paper One
Question
Answers to
2017
Geography
Paper One
Question
 13. A. The Earth has a tilt of 23.5 degrees relative to the "ecliptic plane" (the imaginary surface
formed by it's almost-circular path around the sun). Earth’s tilted axis causes the seasons.
Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun’s most direct rays. So, when the
North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it’s summer in the Northern Hemisphere. And when the South
Pole tilts toward the Sun, its winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Many people believe that Earth
is closer to the sun in the summer and that is why it is hotter. And, likewise, they think Earth is
farthest from the sun in the winter. Although this idea makes sense, it is incorrect.
14. C. (see explanation on past similar questions)
15. A
16. B. Deferred stream (or deferred tributary) The presence of natural levees makes it difficult for a
tributary to join the main stream. The tributary run parallel to the main river for a distance before
joining it. The tributary is a deferred stream. The confluence is a deferred junction (or deferred
confluence)
17. D
18. B. A large accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river where it discharges into the
sea (or a lake). Deltas are formed as a result of the decrease in load-carrying capacity following
the deceleration of river water on entering the comparatively static sea (or lake). Fine clay
material, normally carried in suspension, is also deposited since the very small particles coagulate
and sink in the presence of saline water. For the sediment to accumulate the amount of material
deposited by the river must exceed that removed by coastal erosional processes.
19. C
20. B
21. B
22. D. A lava spine is magma in solid form, rising from a lava dome. It may be in the form of a
column, or a slab or other shape.
The lava spine picture below is at the summit of Snaefellsjokull, a Volcano in Iceland.
23. B. The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at
sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale.
24. D. Annual range is the difference between the highest monthly temperature and lowest monthly
temperature given by the formular AR= Max T- Min T. From the question, the Max T 15.5 º
while the Min T is -50. Thus AR=Max T-Min T= 15.5- (-50) =65.5
25. D. Greenhouse (Carbon Dioxide CO2, Methane CH4, Nitrogen Dioxide NO2), are transparent to
incoming short wave radiation but trap or reflect the long wave radiation reflected by the earth’s
surface.
26. A. Relative humidity is the percentage of moisture in the atmosphere compared with the
maximum capacity of moisture that the atmosphere could contain at that temperature. Hygrometer
is a device used in measuring humidity. One type of hygromter which measures relative
humidyity is psychrometer. A psychrometer is made of two identical thermometers mounted side
by side, one dry bulb and one wet bulb thermometer. The wet bulb thermometer is covered by a
sock dipped in clean, deionized or distilled water while the dry bulb is left unaltered. As water
evaporates from the wet-bulb thermometer, it cools it to the lowest temperature that can be
reached by evaporating water into the air, giving the wet-bulb temperature reading. The
temperature difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures is known as the wet-bulb
depression. A large depression means that a lot of water vapour has evaporated from the wet bulb
and that the relative humidity is low. A small depression means that little evaporation from the
wet bulb and that the relative humidity is high and the air is close to saturation. When there is no
depression, the relative humidity is 100 percent, which means that the air is saturated, and the
dry-bulb, wet-bulb. And dew point temperatures are all the same. When the air is saturated there
high possibility of precipitation to occur.
27. B
28. B. The mercury barometer is placed in open air
29. C. A was not shown on the diagram, suppose it was above the sea, rainy is likely to occur.
30. A
31. B. Rainforest receives annual rainfall above 1500 mm; they have small annual range with
evergreen forest. Savanna biomes receives annual rainfall of between 500 mm to 1500mm, they
have modoarte annual range between 10 and 15, they have vegetation which deciduous. Hot
deserts receives annual rainfall below 250 mm, with a large annual range and they have
vegetation which is drought resistant (xerophytic). Mediterranean biomes have evergreen
vegetation, even though they receives annual rainfall which less than 900mm. these description
will help us to identify B as the correct answer.
32. C
33. D
34. C. From the list given the most densely populated is Java. Brazil has the population density Brazil
is 25 per Km2, Australia has the population density 3.1 people per square kilometre. Tunisia has
the population density of 76 per Km2 and Java has the population density 127,569 sq. km. Note
that Java is not a country per say it an island of Indonesia.
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. C
39. B
40. D. Plantations are extensive, meaning there is low yield per hectare.
41. C. Phosphorus is a vital nutrient involved in stimulating and enhancing bud development and set,
seed formation and blooming. It can help quicken a plant's maturity, as well. It's also vital in
photosynthesis and respiration. Root-stimulating fertilizers are also often higher in phosphorus
than the other two primary nutrients because phosphorus helps strengthen young roots and gives
them a strong start.
42. A. The agriculture is produces perishables and requires less land are located closer to the CDB.
43. C
44. D
45. A. Most of the water resources of Africa are still utilized in terms of hydro-electric production.
The Congo River has the greatest hydro-power potential in the world.
46. D
47. B
48. B
49. B. South Africa remains one of the top ten coal producers in the world and the first in Africa,
responsible for about three percent of the world coal usage. The country also has the world's ninth
largest proven reserves of coal at 30.2 billion tons.
50. A. It is estimated that the world has about 1.1 trillion tons of coal reserves while it has over 800
billion tons of iron ore. Note, also that the extent of the accessible iron ore reserves is not known.
 2018
Geography
Paper One
Questions
ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2018
1. A president’s jet destined for Lusaka (30oE), Zambia, leaves New York (74oW) at 23:00hrs
on Tuesday. If it is a 15:00 hour flight, what time is the jet expected to land in Lusaka?
A. 08:00 hours on Tuesday C. 14:04 hours on Wednesday
B. 07:00 hours on Wednesday D. 21:00 hours on Wednesday
2. Which of the following statements is correct about the earth’s revolution?
A. The revolution of the earth results into day and night
B. The summer solstice is experienced when the sun is vertically overhead at the tropic
of Capricorn (23½oS)
C. The sun is never overhead beyond the tropics at any time of the year
D. The winter solstice is experienced when the sun is vertically overhead at the tropic
of cancer (23½oN)
3. The layer of the earth that is mainly composed of very dense rocks that are rich in olivine
is the…
A. Barysphere C. Lithosphere
B. Hydrosphere D. Mesosphere
4. Study the diagram and answer the question that follows

What feature is shown above?

A. Block mountain C. Residual mountain
B. Fold mountain D. Volcanic mountain
5. The upfolds in the earth’s crust due to compressional forces are called…
A. Anticlines C. Overfolds
B. Nappe D. Synclines
6. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follows.
 The water discharge channels shown in the diagram above are known as…
A. Distributaries C. River rejuvenation
B. Ox-bow lakes D. Tributaries
7. At which stage of a river will the feature shown above be formed?
A. Mountain stage C. River source
B. River mouth D. Valley course
8. The volcanic feature that forms when a mass of magma cuts across a bedding plane is
called a…
A. Batholith C. Laccolith
B. Dyke D. Sill
9. Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.

What feature is shown in the diagram above?

A. Fountain C. Hot spring
B. Geyser D. Steam
10. The gradual disintegration of rocks by atmospheric forces is referred to as…
A. Deposition C. Transportation
B. Erosion D. Weathering
11. Study the climatic data below for station Y and answer the question that follows.

Station Y
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
 Temp (oC) 26 26 27 29 31 33 35 34 33 32 30 27
Prep (mm) 38 15 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 8 18 36

12. What type of natural vegetation is associated with station Y?

A. Date palms and cacti
B. Evergreen trees and mangroves
C. Tall grass with oak
D. Teak forest and shrubs
13. Which climatic region is referred to as the ‘orchard lands’ of the world?
A. Equatorial region C. Mediterranean region
B. Hot desert region D. Savanna region

Study the map below and answer the following two questions.

14. Which one of the following is the climatic characteristic of the shaded area?
A. Cloudless skies
B. High humidity
C. Very high annual temperature range
D. Very low diurnal range temperature
15. Plants adapt to the climate of the shaded area except by…
A. Growing long top roots
B. Growing waxy leaves
C. Producing seeds that do not lie dormant
D. Storing water in the stem
 Study the map below and answer the question that follows.

16. The area marked E will experience …

A. Convectional rainfall C. Fog
B. Cyclonic rainfall D. Mist
17. What type of vegetation is typical of climatic conditions with winter rains and summer
droughts?
A. Cacti, thorn bushes, date palms C. Mahogany, ebony, orchids
B. Cork oak, cedar, cypresses D. Teak, Sal, bamboo
18. The natural vegetation in the wet equatorial climate does not occur in pure stands. What
does the term ‘pure stand’ mean?
A. Vegetation has a variety of evergreen trees
B. Vegetation occurs in a distinct layer arrangement
C. Vegetation of a mixed species found in the same area
D. Vegetation of the same species found in the same area
Study the diagram below and answer the following question

19. Which one of the settlements A, B, C or D would experience the highest atmospheric
pressure?
 Study the table below and answer the following two questions

Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Total range

Temp (oC) 22 25 29 32 31 28 27 26 27 27 26 39 9
Prep (mm) 0 3 3 13 64 122 208 307 140 13 0 0 864

20. From which climatic region would the above data be drawn?
A. Equatorial region C. Tropical region
B. Mediterranean region D. Tropical monsoon
21. How does vegetation adapt to the climatic conditions shown above?
A. Trees are deciduous, long tap roots and broad trunks
B. Trees are halophytic, have long roots and thick succulent stems
C. Trees are xerophytic, short branches with few leaves and have no shade
D. Trees have broad leaves and slender trunks

ELEMENTS OF WORLD HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2018

22. Population density refers to…
A. Average living standards of people in a given area
B. Number of people living in a given area of land
C. Total population of a country in relation to inhibited land area of that country
D. Total population of a region in relation to the area’s productivity
23. The following are types of rural settlement patterns except…
A. Dispersed C. Linear
B. Isolated D. Nucleated
24. Which one of the following is not a problem associated with over population?
A. A decline in health standards C. High rate of unemployment
B. A rapid population increase D. Shortage of workforce
Study the map below and answer the following question
25. Which of the above shaded areas marked A, B, C and D has low population density due to
arid climatic conditions?
26. Which of the areas A, B, C or D practices extensive cereal cultivation?
27. In Australia, beef cattle ranching is difficult to fully develop due to…
A. Great distances of the cattle farms from the eastern coastal towns
B. High competition from outside Australia
C. High tsetse infestation which causes tryponosomiasis
D. Reliable heavy rainfall that makes pasture growth difficult
28. Truck farming is commonly practiced in the United States of America. The other name for
truck farming is…
A. Fruit farming C. Market gardening
B. Horticulture D. Sericulture
29. The least grown cereal crop in Africa is…
A. Maize C. Sorghum
B. Millet D. Wheat
30. Ginning is one of the processes used in the manufacture of cotton yarn. This process refers
to the…
A. Gathering of cotton bolls from the plant
B. Joining of the cotton fibre to form a continuous thread
C. Separation of the seeds from the cotton fibre
D. Washing of the cotton fibre
31. Atomic power is derived from the mineral called…
A. Bauxite C. Graphite
B. Feldspar D. Uranium
32. In which of the following are oil traps likely to occur?...impervious rock layers.
A. Anticlines above C. Synclines above
B. Anticlines below D. Synclines below
33. Most of the oil in Canada is drilled…
A. Around the St. Lawrence Great Lakes region
B. In the Alberta province
C. In the north-west territory
D. On the shores of the Hudson Bay
34. Which one of the following basic requirements in the generation of hydro-electricity is the
least essential?
A. Heavy capital outlay C. Steep slope
B. Large international market D. Sufficient volume of water
35. The world’s leading coal producer among the following countries is…
A. China C. Japan
B. France D. South Africa
36. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of wind energy in the world?
A. Geothermal power C. Solar energy
B. Hydro-electric power D. Wind energy
37. At a hydro-electric power station, what directly converts potential energy in water to
electricity?
A. Generator C. Transformers
B. Penstocks D. Turbines
38. Which one of the following is not a product mined in connection with petroleum?
A. Asphalt
B. Coke
C. Ethane
D. Methane
 2018
Geography
Paper One
Answers
 1. D. First we find the difference time between Lusaka and New York. Since the two cities are in
different hemispheres, we add the two latitudes 30 +74= 104
Dividing by 15 yields 6.933333333333333. Since time difference is always in hours we round off
6.933333333333333 to 7 hours. Also since, Lusaka is in east of New York, it is ahead by 7 hours, thus when
time is 23:00 hours Tuesday in New York, then it is 06:00 hours Wednesday in Lusaka. Since the flight took
15 hours, we add 15 hours to 07:00 hours. Therefore, the presidential plane will arrive on Wednesday 21:00
hours.
2. C
3. A
4. C:
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B. When magma intrudes along horizontal layers of rock and solidifies.
9. B
10. D. Recall that all the combined processes which result in the breaking down, weakening, dissolving
and altering of rocks near or on the earth's surface without necessarily being relocated is referred to
as weathering.
11. A. from the table, it can be calculated that the region receives less than 25 cm of rainfall, which
implies that the region is a desert. Date palms and cacti are famous deserts trees.
12. C. The Mediterranean lands are' often called the World's Orchard lands. Mediterranean regions are
known as the 'orchards of the world' because of their fruit cultivation. The trees in this region adapt
themselves to the dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves which
reduce transpiration.
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. B.
17. B
18. D
19. A. atmospheric pressure reduces with altitude
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. B.
24. D
25. C
26. A
27. D
28. B. truck farming, horticultural practice of growing one or more vegetable crops on a large scale for
shipment to distant markets. It is usually less intensive and diversified than market gardening
29. D
30. A
31. D
32. C
33. B. Alberta had the highest amount of crude oil production in Canada. In 2018, Alberta leads the
provinces in crude oil production with 81.8% of Canada's total production.
34. B
35. A
36. B
37. A
38. B
 2019
Geography
Paper One
Questions
ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 2019
1. During the under 20 world cup soccer competition in South Korean Republic (120oE) a
match between England and Zambia commenced at 15:00hrs. What was the time in Zambia
(30oE) when the match commenced?
A. 06:00hrs C. 08:00hrs
B. 07:00hrs D. 09:00hrs
2. What is the approximate straight line distance between Cairo (30oN) and Bulawayo (20oS)?
A. 600km C. 3,300km
B. 1,600km D. 5,550km
3. The permanent tilt of the earth’s axis and revolution of the earth in its orbit together cause…
A. Day and night
B. Deflection of the wind
C. Difference in times between places on different meridians
D. Varying lengths of the day and night at different times of the year
4. Study the diagram below

The feature above is most likely to have been caused by…

A. Erosion C. Folding
B. Faulting D. Jointing
5. Which of the following types of weathering is common in temperate regions and in high
mountains?
A. Exfoliation C. Hydration
B. Frost action D. Oxidation
6. Study the diagram below

The feature labelled S is…

 A. Batholith C. Laccolith
B. Dyke D. Phacolith
7. Study the diagram below

Which of the points A, B, C or D represents the plain course of a river?

8. Study the diagram below

What type of mass movement is shown in the diagram above?

A. Landslide C. Rock fall
B. Mudflow D. Soil creep
9. Study the diagram below

What river feature are represented by M and N?

M N
A. Estuary Lagoon
B. Estuary Ox-bow lake
C. Lagoon Distributary
D. Ox-bow lake Distributary
10. Study the diagram below

What environmental hazard has affected the shaded area?

A. Acidic rain C. Floods
B. Drought D. Tropical storms
11. Which one of the following represents a cyclone in the southern hemisphere?

Study the climatic chart below

12. Which statement is correct about the climatic data above? It…
A. Has relatively high temperature in summer
B. Has relatively uniform temperature throughout the year
C. Has very high rainfall throughout the year
D. Most of the rains are received in summer
13. What vegetation type best suits the climatic data being represented?
A. Evergreen forests, palm trees and deciduous trees
B. Evergreen oak, pine and wiry grass
C. Scrub, drought resistant and cacti
D. Tall grass, scattered trees and thorny bushes
14. The earth’s atmosphere gets…
A. Thicker as altitude increases
B. Thicker as latitude decreases
C. Thinner as altitude decreases
D. Thinner as altitude increases
15. Which of the following regions is the poorest in biodiversity?
A. Equatorial
B. Hot deserts
C. Mediterranean
D. Savanna
Study the map the map of Africa below
 16. Which of the following areas A, B, C or D experiences less rainfall?
17. Which of the following is the characteristic of the vegetation in area C?
A. It is drought resistant
B. Many plants have thick stems
C. Trees grow in pure stands
D. Trees grow very tall
18. The term hydrophytic is associated with the…climate?
A. Equatorial
B. Hot desert
C. Mediterranean
D. Constructing Savanna
19. What type of vegetation springs up when the virgin tropical rainforest have been cleared
and abandoned?
A. Creepers C. Lianas
B. Evergreen trees D. Mangrove forests
20. The extreme diurnal range of temperature is characteristic of the…
A. Equatorial climate C. Mediterranean climate
B. Hot desert climate D. Sudan climate

ELEMENTS OF WORLD HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2019

21. How can traffic congestion be reduced in large cities?
A. Constructing by pass routes
B. Creating single lanes
 C. Encouraging use of private vehicles
D. Impounding over speeding vehicles
22. Which one of the following is not a push factor in the rural-urban migration process?
A. Decrease in the standard of living
B. High dependency ratio
C. High gross national product per capital income
D. Low levels of national development
Study the table below

Country Birth rate per 1000 Death rate per 1000

X 13 12
Y 16 09
Z 50 16
W 54 12

23. Which one of the following is correct about the table above?
A. Country W is Zimbabwe while Y is Nigeria
B. Country X is Nigeria while Z is United Kingdom
C. Country Y is Zimbabwe while X is Nigeria
D. Country Z is the United States of America while Y is Zimbabwe
24. Study the diagram below

What type of settlement is shown above?

A. Dispersed C. Linear
B. Isolated D. Nucleated
25. Towns tend to grow and expand towards each other till they eventually merge. This is
called…?
A. Confluence town C. Nodal town
B. Conurbation D. Satellite town
26. Which one of the following countries has the highest fertility rate?
A. Egypt C. Italy
B. Germany D. United states of America
27. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of plantation farming?
A. It is capital intensive
B. It is generally a monoculture crop
C. It is not highly mechanized
D. It occupies large areas of land
28. Dairy farming is usually practiced near large city areas because…?
A. Dairy products are perishable
B. Grass is greener in urban areas
C. Only urban areas are suitable for dairy animals
D. Rural duelers do not consume dairy products
29. Which of the following crops are grown under shifting cultivation?
A. Barley and millet C. Sorghum and rice
B. Cassava and maize D. Wheat and ground nuts
30. Which one of the following describes extensive farming?
A. Highly mechanized C. High use of human labour
B. High use of draught power D. High yield per hectarage
31. Which one of the following is a geographical requirement for the successful growth of
maize?
A. Average rainfall of 650mm – 1000mm
B. Average temperature of above 16oC
C. Rich alluvial soils with an impoverished sub-soil
D. Thick clay soil on gentle slopes
32. A geologist prospecting and surveying for oil would most likely consider…?
A. Gently folded anticline strata C. Zones of impervious rocks
B. Zones of igneous rocks D. Zones of metamorphic rocks
33. For successful hydro-electric power development, the following factors are essential
except…?
A. Convenient transport C. Sufficient volume of water
B. Large domestic market D. Steep gradient
34. The highest potential which Africa has on solar production is based on the abundance of…?
A. Forests C. Cloud cover
B. Minerals D. Sunshine
35. Which among the following countries is the major importer of coal?
A. China C. Japan
B. India D. Malaysia
36. What type of energy produced by human and animal waste is used for lighting, cooking
and generating electricity?
A. Biogas C. Methane
B. Ethanol D. Petroleum
37. Which one of the following is not a fossil fuel/
A. Biomass C. Petroleum
B. Coal D. Uranium
38. What type of energy has propelled the success in manufacturing of valuable
machinery, electrical appliances in Switzerland?
A. Hydro-electric power
B. Thermal power
C. Nuclear power
D. Geothermal power
 2019
Geography
Paper One
Answers
1. D. see similar examples
2. D. The difference in distance between two latitudes along the meridian is 111km.
thus, to find the distance between Cairo (30 degrees North) and Bulawayo (20
degrees South), we find the difference in latitude between the two cities which
yields 50 degrees, then we multiply by 111 km. therefore the answer is 5550km
3. D. The tilt of the earth is the reason why the earth has seasons, seasons in turn also
results into changes in the length of the days.
4. B
5. B frost action is common in cold regions such as high altitudes or temperate
regions.
6. C

7. D
8. D Creep is the term which is used to describe the slow movement of loosened
materials downward. In creep (sometimes just known as creep soil) the entire slope
is involved. Soil creep is impermissible, but can be evidenced by the bent trees,
bedrocks, walls or poles.
9. C
10. B. the shaded region represent the deserts regions which is often affected by
droughts
11. C. The cyclone winds flow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and
clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
12. A. The region receives 615 mm of rain which means it represents the
Mediterranean region. This region has relatively high temperatures in summer.
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. D the rainforest has tall trees
18. A. Hydrophytes are those plants which live in water and adjust with their
surroundings.
19. D. Many parts of the virgin tropical rain forests have been cleared either for
lumbering or shifting cultivation. When these clear-ings are abandoned, less
luxuriant secondary forests, called belukar in Malaysia, spring up. These are
characterized by short trees and very dense under-growth. In the coastal areas and
brackish swamps, mangrove forests thrive.
20. B
21. A
22. C
23. No probe answer
24. B
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. A
29. B
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. A
34. D
35. C
36. A
37. D
38. A. Hydroelectricity is by far the country's most important source of energy, and
contributing more than half to its electricity generation