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Unit II

Synthesized and Inherited Attributes

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Unit II: Syllabus

• Syntax Analysis and Syntax Directed
Translation
• Syntax Analysis:
– CFGs
– Top Down Parsing
– Brute Force Approach
– Recursive Descent Parsing
– Transformation on the grammars
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Unit II: Syllabus

– Predictive Parsing
– Bottom Up Parsing
– Operator Precedence Parsing
– LR Parsers
• SLR,
• LALR
• LR
• Parser Generator
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Unit II: Syllabus

• Syntax Directed Definitions

– Construction of syntax trees
– Bottom Up Evaluation of S-attributed
definition
– L-attribute Definition
– Top Town translation
– Bottom Up Evaluation of inherited attributes
– Recursive Evaluation
– Analysis of Syntax Directed Definition
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Definition of Attribute and its Types

An attribute has a name and an associated value.
If X is a symbol and ‘a’ is one of its attributes,
then X.a denotes the value of ‘a’ at a particular
parse-tree node labelled X.

Types of Attributes

1. Synthesized Attributes:

2. Inherited Attributes:
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Synthesized Attributes:
A Synthesized attribute is an attribute of the non-
terminal on the left-hand side of a production.
A → B C
The attribute can take value only from its children
(Variables in the RHS of the production) or itself.

A’s attribute is dependent on B’s attributes or C’s

attributes then it will be synthesized attribute.
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Synthesized Attributes:
Synthesized Attributes values are computed from the
values of the attributes of the children nodes or itself.

A → B C

val1 val2 val3

Synthesized attributes represent information is passed up

the parse tree.
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Synthesized Attributes:
Annotated Parse Tree for
3 * 5 + 4 n
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Inherited Attributes:
An attribute of a non-terminal on the right-hand side of a
production is called an inherited attribute.

The attribute can take value either from its parent or

from its siblings (variables in the LHS or RHS of the
production) or itself.

A → B C
B
B’s attribute is dependent on A’s
attributes or C’s attributes then it will
val be inherited attribute.

Inherited Attributes values are computed from the values

of the attributes of both the siblings and the parent
nodes.
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Inherited Attributes:
Parse Tree
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Inherited Attributes:
2. Inherited Attributes: Annotated Parse Tree for 3*5
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Inherited Attributes:
2. Inherited Attributes: Annotated Parse Tree for 3*5
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Synthesized and Inherited Attributes:

Question : What are Synthesized and Inherited

Attributes? Explain with examples.
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Synthesized and Inherited Attributes:

Read PTT named Construction of Syntax Tree and DAG