NEELKANTH VIDYAPEETH RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL HYDERABAD

CLASS: X SUBJECT:MATH

Holiday Home work

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TASK 1:

Activities: 2,4,5,9,10,13,15,17,19,22 and 25.

TASK 2:

(i) Write & Learn formulae from each and every chapter ( Every day one chapter)

(ii) Write & practice given questions (Every day one chapter)

TASK 3: Solve the given 3 model papers.

1. REAL NUMBERS
S.NO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Find the LCM and HCF of 6 and 20 by the prime factorisation method.
2. Consider the numbers 4n, where n is a natural number. Check whether
there is any value of n for which 4n ends with the digit zero.
3 Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120, using the prime factorisation
method.
4 Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
5 Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite numbers.
6 There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round
of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both start at the same
point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. After how many minutes
will they meet again at the starting point?
7 Prove that √ is irrational.
8 Prove that 3+2√ is irrational.
9 Prove that 2 √ is irrational.
10 Prove that the following are irrationals : (i) (ii) 7√ (iii) 6+√
√
2. POLYNOMIALS

1. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients. (i) 3x2– x – 4 (ii) 4u2 + 8u (iii) t2 – 15
2. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of its
zeroes respectively. (i) , -1 (ii) √
3. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
1. On comparing the ratios , , , find out whether the lines representing the
following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
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 (i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0 & 7x + 6y – 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0 & 18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0 & 2x – y + 9 = 0

2. On comparing the ratios , , , find out whether the lines representing the
following pairs of linear equations consistent, or inconsistent.
(i) 3x + 2y = 5 ; 2x – 3y = 7
(ii) 2x – 3y = 8 ; 4x – 6y = 9
(iii) 5x – 3y = 11 ; – 10x + 6y = –22
3. Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If
consistent, obtain the solution graphically:
(i) x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 16
(ii) 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
4 Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and
shade the triangular region.
5 Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and hence find the value of ‘m’ for which
y = mx + 3.
6 The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the
distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ` 105 and for a
journey of 15 km, the charge paid is ` 155. What are the fixed charges and the
charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of
25 km?
7. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for ` 3800. Later, she buys 3
bats and 5 balls for ` 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
8. A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator.
If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes . Find the
fraction.

9. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years
ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
10. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 4 : 3. If each of them manages to save ` 2000 per month, find their
monthly incomes.
11. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing
the digits is 66. If the digits of the number differ by 2, find the number. How many such
numbers are there?
12. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge
for each day thereafter. Saritha paid ` 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy
paid ` 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge
for each extra day.
4. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.
2 The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find
the other two sides.
3 A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was observed
on a particular day that the cost of production of each article (in rupees) was 3 more than
twice the number of articles produced on that day. If the total cost of production on that
day was ` 90, find the number of articles produced and the cost of each article.
4 A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of
diameter 13 metres in such a way that the differences of its distances from two
diametrically opposite fixed gates A and B on the boundary is 7 metres. Is it possible to

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 do so? If yes, at what distances from the two gates should the pole be erected?
5 Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they have two
equal roots.
(i) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 (ii) kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0
6 Is the following situation possible? If so, determine their present ages.
The sum of the ages of two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of their ages
in years was 48.
7 Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations. If the real roots exist,
find them: (i) 2x2– 3x + 5 = 0 (ii) 3x – 4 3 x + 4 = 0
(iii) 2x2 – 6x + 3 = 0
8 Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorisation:
(i) √ x2 7 x 5 √ 0 (ii) 3 x2 2√ x 2 0 .
9 A train travels a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been
8 km/h less, then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance. find the
speed of the train.
10 Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages (in years)
3 years from now will be 360. find Rohan’s present age.
5. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSSIONS

1 Which term of the AP : 21, 18, 15, . . . is – 81? Also, is any term 0? Give
reason for your answer.
2 Check whether 301 is a term of the list of numbers 5, 11, 17, 23, . . .
3 Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is
100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?
4 Find the 11th term from the last term (towards the first term) of the
AP : 10, 7, 4, . . ., – 62.
5 How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?
6 A sum of ` 1000 is invested at 8% simple interest per year. Calculate the
interest at the end of each year. Do these interests form an AP? If so, find the interest
at the end of 30 years making use of this fact.
7 In a flower bed, there are 23 rose plants in the first row, 21 in the
second, 19 in the third, and so on. There are 5 rose plants in the last row. How many
rows are there in the flower bed?
8 Determine the AP whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.
9 The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is
44. Find the first three terms of the AP.
10 Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of ` 5000 and received an increment
of ` 200 each year. In which year did his income reach ` 7000?
11 A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion beyond a
certain date as follows: ` 200 for the first day, ` 250 for the second day, ` 300 for the third
day, etc., the penalty for each succeeding day being ` 50 more than for the preceding day.
How much money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has delayed the work by 30
days?
12 In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air
pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section of each class will
plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section of Class I
will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are
three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?
13 A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B,
starting with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, . . . as shown in
Fig. 5.4. What is the total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive
semicircles?

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14 200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next
row,
18 in the row next to it and so on (see Fig. 5.5). In how many rows are the 200 logs placed
and how many logs are in the top row?

15 In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5 m from the first potato,
and the other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight line. There are ten potatoes in the
line (see Fig. 5.6). A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs
back with it, drops
it in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and
she continues in the same way until all the potatoes are in the bucket. What is the total
distance the competitor has to run?
[Hint : To pick up the first potato and

6. TRIANGLES

1 PROVE BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM (OR) THALES THEOREM

If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the
other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same
ratio.
2

If LM || CB and LN || CD, prove that .

3 ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals intersect each other at the point
O. Show
that

4 From fig DE || OQ and DF || OR. Show that EF || QR.

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5

A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2 m/s.
If the lamp is 3.6 m above the ground, find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.
6 A vertical pole of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on the ground and at the same time
a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find the height of the tower.
7
From fig and Show that

8 Altitudes AD and CE of ABC intersect each other at the point P. Show that:
(i) AEP ~ CDP (ii) ABD ~ CBE (iii) AEP ~ ADB (iv) PDC ~ BEC

9 Sides AB and BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides
PQ and QR and median PM of PQR . Show that ABC ~ PQR.
10 D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that ADC = BAC. Show that CA2
= CB.CD.
7. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1 Do the points (3, 2), (–2, –3) and (2, 3) form a triangle? If so, name the
type of triangle formed.
2 Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the following points, and give reasons for
your answer:
(i) (–3, 5), (3, 1), (0, 3), (–1, – 4) (ii) (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3), (1, 2)
3 Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2, –5) and (–2, 9).
4 Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (– 2, – 11) are collinear.
5 Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the point
(3, 6) and (– 3, 4).
6 If the points A(6, 1), B(8, 2), C(9, 4) and D(p, 3) are the vertices of a
parallelogram, taken in order, find the value of p.
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7 Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, –1)
and (–2, –3).
8 If A and B are (– 2, – 2) and (2, – 4), respectively, find the coordinates of P such that
AP = AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
9 Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0), (4, 5), (– 1, 4) and (– 2, – 1) taken in
order.
10 Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose centre is
(2, – 3) and B is (1, 4).
8. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1 tan A = , find the other trigonometric ratios of the angle A.

2 In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan A = 1, then verify that 2 sin A cos A = 1.
3 In PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of
sin P, cos P and tan P.
4
If 3 cot A = 4, check whether = cos2 A – sin2 A or not.
5 If sin (A – B) = , cos (A + B) = , 0° < A + B 90°, A > B, find A and B.
6 Prove that sec A (1 – sin A)(sec A + tan A) = 1.
7 Prove that : =

8 Prove that : (cosec – cot )2 =

9 Prove that : (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A
10 Prove that : (cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A) =
9. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

1 A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the
ground
making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where
the top
touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
2 A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall building. The angle of
elevation from his eyes to the top of the building increases from 30° to 60° as he walks
towards the building. Find the distance he walked towards the building.
3 From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of
the banks on opposite sides of the river are 30° and 45°, respectively. If the bridge
is at a height of 3 m from the banks, find the width of the river.
4 The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40 m longer when the
Sun’s altitude is 30° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.
5 Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of the road,
which is 80 m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the
top of the poles are 60° and 30°, respectively. Find the height of the poles and the distances
of the point from the poles.
6 From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation of the top of a 10 m
tall building is 30°. A flag is hoisted at the top of the building and the angle of elevation
of the top of the flagstaff from P is 45°. Find the length of the flagstaff and the
distance of the building from the point P. (You may take √ = 1.732)
7 As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of
depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same
side of the lighthouse, find the distance between the two ships.
8 A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man standing at the top of the tower
observes a car at an angle of depression of 30°, which is approaching the foot of the tower
with a uniform speed. Six seconds later, the angle of depression of the car is found
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 to be 60°. Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of the tower from this point.
9 The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30° and the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60°. If the tower
is 50 m high, find the height of the building.
10 From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of a
transmission tower fixed at the top of a 20 m high building are 45° and 60° respectively.
Find the height of the tower.
10. CIRCLES

1 Prove that The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal.
2 Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary
angles at the centre of the circle.
3 Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
4

From fig XY and XYare two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another
tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting XY at A and XYat B. Prove that AOB
= 90°.
5 Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an external point T.
Prove that PTQ = 2 OPQ.
6 Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the length of the chord of the
larger circle which touches the smaller circle.
7 PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents at P and Q intersect at
a point T . Find the length TP.

11. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

1 A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of the
corresponding : (i) minor segment (ii) major sector. (Use = 3.14)
2 A chord of a circle of radius 12 cm subtends an angle of 120° at the centre. Find the area of
the
corresponding segment of the circle. (Use = 3.14 and √ = 1.73)
3 In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre. Find: (i) the length
of the arc (ii) area of the sector formed by the arc (iii) area of the segment formed by the
corresponding chord
4 A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square shaped grass field of side 15 m by means
of a 5 m long rope Find (i) the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze.
(ii) the increase in the grazing area if the rope were 10 m long instead of 5 m. (Use =
3.14)
5 A brooch is made with silver wire in the form of a circle with diameter 35 mm. The wire is
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 also used in making 5 diameters which divide the circle into 10 equal sectors as shown in
Find :(i) the total length of the silver wire required. (ii) the area of each sector of the
brooch.

6 A car has two wipers which do not overlap. Each wiper has a blade of length 25 cm
sweeping through an angle of 115°. Find the total area cleaned at each sweep of the blades.
7 A round table cover has six equal designs as shown in Fig. If the radius of the cover is
28 cm, find the cost of making the designs at the rate of Rs 0.35 per cm2. (Use √ = 1.7)
12.SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

1 A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The

diameter of the hemisphere is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the
inner surface area of the vessel.
2 A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the greatest
diameter the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid.
3 A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each of its
ends (see Fig. 12.10). The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm and the diameter
of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area.
4 A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and
diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 4 m respectively, and the slant height of the
top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of
the canvas of the tent at the rate of Rs 500 per m2.
5 From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the
same height and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the
remaining solid to the nearest cm2.
6 A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone. The
height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine the volume of
the toy. If a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the difference of the volumes
of the cylinder and the toy. (Take = 3.14)
7 A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find approximately
how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with two
hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and diameter 2.8 cm
8 A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of its top,
which is open, is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. When lead shots, each of
which is a sphere of radius 0.5 cm are dropped into the vessel, one-fourth of the water
flows out. Find the number of lead shots dropped in the vessel.
9 A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 8 cm long, 2 cm in diameter; the diameter
of the spherical part is 8.5 cm. By measuring the amount of water it holds, a child finds its
volume to be 345 cm3. Check whether she is correct, taking the above as the inside
measurements, and = 3.14.
13.STATISTICS

1 Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.

Daily wages (in Rs) 500 - 520 520 -540 540 - 560 - 580 580 -600
560
Number of 12 14 8 6 10
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 workers
2 The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality.
The mean pocket allowance is Rs 18. Find the missing frequency f.

Daily pocket 11 - 13 - 15 - 17 17 - 19 19 - 21 21 - 23 23 - 25
allowance (in 13 15
Rs)
Number of 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
children
3 A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole
term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.
Number 0 - 6 6 - 10 10 - 14 14 - 20 20 - 28 28 - 38 38 - 40
of days
Number 11 10 7 4 4 3 1
of
students
4
The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200
families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families.

Expenditure 1000 - 1500 - 2000 - 2500 - 3000 - 3500 - 4000 - 4500 -

(in Rs) 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Number of 24 40 33 28 30 22 16 7
families

5 The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225
electrical components

Lifetimes 0 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 60 60 - 80 80 - 100 100 - 120

(in hours)
Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
6 The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of
68 consumers of a locality. Find the median, mean and mode of the data and compare
them.

Monthly 65 - 85 85 - 105 105 - 125 - 145 - 165 - 185 -

consumption 125 145 165 185 205
(in units)
Number of 4 5 13 20 14 8 4
consumers
7
If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y.

Class 0 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 Total
interval
Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60

8 A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy
holders. Calculate the median age, if policies are given only to persons having age 18
years onwards but less than 60 year.

Age (in Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below

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 years) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Number 2 6 24 45 78 89 92 98 100
of
policy
holders

9 The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimetre, and
the data obtained is represented in the following table :
Find the median length of the leaves.

Length (in mm) 118 - 127 - 136 - 145 - 154 - 163 - 172 -
126 135 144 153 162 171 180
Number of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
14.PROBABILITY

1 Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. Write
down all the possible outcomes. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers
appearing on the top of the dice is
(i) 8? (ii) 13? (iii) less than or equal to 12?
2 A piggy bank contains hundred 50p coins, fifty Rs1 coins, twenty Rs 2coins and ten Rs5
coins. If it is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the bank is turned
upside down, what is the probability that the coin (i) will be a 50 p coin ? (ii) will not be
a Rs5 coin?
3 Gopi buys a fish from a shop for his aquarium. The shopkeeper takes out one fish at
random from a tank containing 5 male fish and 8 female fish (see
Fig. 14.4). What is the probability that the fish taken out is a male fish?
4 A carton consists of 100 shirts of which 88 are good, 8 have minor
defects and 4 have major defects. Jimmy, a trader, will only accept the shirts which
are good, but Sujatha, another trader, will only reject the shirts which have major
defects. One shirt is drawn at random from the carton. What is the probability that
(i) it is acceptable to Jimmy?
(ii) it is acceptable to Sujatha?
5 One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting
(i) a king of red colour (ii) a face card (iii) a red face card
(iv) the jack of hearts (v) a spade (vi) the queen of diamonds
6 Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously (say, one is of ` 1
and other of ` 2). What is the probability that she gets at least one head?
7 Five cards—the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds, are well-shuffled with their
face downwards. One card is then picked up at random.
(i) What is the probability that the card is the queen?
(ii) If the queen is drawn and put aside, what is the probability that the second card
picked up is (a) an ace? (b) a queen?
8 A box contains 3 blue, 2 white, and 4 red marbles. If a marble is drawn
at random from the box, what is the probability that it will be
(i) white? (ii) blue? (iii) red?
9 A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at random
from the box, find the probability that it bears (i) a two-digit number (ii) a perfect
square number (iii) a number divisible by 5.
10 A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that
(i) 5 will not come up either time? (ii) 5 will come up at least once?
11 Two players, Sangeeta and Reshma, play a tennis match. It is known
that the probability of Sangeeta winning the match is 0.62. What is the probability of
Reshma winning the match?

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12 A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at random
from the box, find the probability that it bears (i) a two-digit number (ii) a perfect
square number (iii) a number divisible by 5.
13 Suppose we throw a die once. (i) What is the probability of getting a
number greater than 4 ? (ii) What is the probability of getting a number less than or
equal to 4 ?
14 (i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from the lot.
What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now one bulb
is drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that this bulb is not
defective ?
15 A bag contains a red ball, a blue ball and a yellow ball, all the balls being
of the same size. Kritika takes out a ball from the bag without looking into it. What is
the probability that she takes out the
(i) yellow ball? (ii) red ball? (iii) blue ball?

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