TOPICAL TEST CHAPTER 4

1.Which of the following correctly describes the changes in the elements from left to right across Period
3?

A.The electronegativity decreases

B.The metallic properties decreases
C.The electrical conductivity increases
D.The physical state change from gas to solid

2.Which of the following electron configuration belongs to an element of Period 3 of the Periodic Table?

I. 2. 8 II.2. 8. 6 III. 2. 8. 8 IV.2. 8. 8. 1

A, I, II B, II, III C, I, II , III D, II, III , IV

3.The table shows the electron configuration of some elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Element Electron configuration

P 2. 8. 1
Q 2. 8. 3
R 2. 8. 6
S 2. 8. 8

Which of the following shows the arrangement of the elements in order of decreasing atomic size ?
A.Q, P, R, S B S, P, Q, R
C.P, Q, S, R D S, R, P, Q

4.The atomic size decreases across the period because the

A.proton number increases across the period.
B.number of shells increases across the period.
C.number of shells decreases across the period.
D.number of neutrons decreases across the period.

5.The diagram below shows the Periodic Table.

The transition elements are located in the region labelled

A. P B.Q C. R D. S
6.Which of the following is a special characteristic of transition elements?

I.Have catalytic properties

II.Have low tensile strength
III.Have variable oxidation numbers
IV.Form coloured ions or compound

A.I, II B. II, III C.I, III ,IV D.I, II,III,IV

7.Which of the following is not true about the ions of transition elements and their colour in aqueous
solution?

Ion Colour
A Cu 2+ Blue
B Fe 2+ Purple
C Fe 3+ Yellowish brown
D Mn 2+ Pink

8.What changes in the reactivity of Group 17 elements occur when going down the group?
A.The reactivity increases
B.The reactivity decreases
C.The reactivity remains the same
D.The reactivity increases and then decreases

9.An element in the Periodic Table forms coloured compounds. It has more than one oxidation number in
its compound. The element is most probably
A. a halogen B.a noble gas
C.an alkali metal D.a transition element

10.Elements X and Y have the proton number of 9 and 17 respectively. Which of the following statements
is true about the elements X and Y?

A. Element X is denser than element Y

B.Element X is a gas while element Y is a liquid
C.Element Y is more electronegative than element X
D.The atom size of element Y is bigger than that of element X

11.Which of the following properties increases across Period 3?

A.Melting point B.Atomic radius
C.Proton number D.Number of shells

12.Which of the following was Dmitri Mendeleev’s contribution to the development of the Periodic
Table?

A.Classified the elements into three groups

B.Arranged the elements in terms of increasing mass
C.Arranged the elements in terms of increasing nucleon numbers
D.Arranged the elements based on the graph of volume of atoms against their proton numbers
13.Chlorine has a proton number of 17. From this information, it can be concluded that chlorine

I.is a metallic element

II.is a liquid at room temperature
III.dissolves in water to form acids
IV.reacts with iron wool to form iron(III) chloride

A.I,,II B.II, III C. III, IV D I, II, III

14.The density of each element increases down Group 18 because

A.the atomic mass increases more than the atomic size
B.the atomic mass decreases more than the atomic radius
C.the forces of attraction between the atoms become weaker
D.the forces of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron become stronger

15.Which of the following properties of iron shows that iron is a transition element ?
A. Rusts easily
B.Conducts electricity
C.Release hydrogen in acid
D.Forms ion iron(II) and ion iron(III)

16.Which of the following statements are true about the changes in properties of elements in Group 1
from top to bottom?

I.Reactivity decreases
II.Size of atoms increases
III.Electronegativity increases
IV.Melting and boiling points decrease

A.I , III B.II , IV C.I, II , III D.II, III, IV

17.Element X forms two types of chlorides, XCl2 and XCl3 are green and yellowish brown respectively.
Which of the following is X?

A. Iron B.Sodium
C. Aluminium D.Magnesium

18.Which of the following elements have their oxides dissolve in water to produce an acid?
A. Argon B Sodium
C.Sulphur D.Aluminium

19.X, Y and Z are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Oxide of X is amphoteric. Oxide of Y is
acidic Oxide of Z is alkaline
Which of the following shows the correct arrangement of X, Y and Z in the ascending order of proton
number ?
A.Z < X < Y B.X < Y < Z
C.Y < X < Z D.Z < Y < X
20. Which of the following is true about the use of transition elements as catalysts in industrial
processes ?
Catalyst Process
I. Iron powder Haber
II.Vanadium(V) oxide Contact
III.Platinum Ostwald
IV. Nickel Hydrogenation

A.I, III B. II , IV C.I, II,III D. I, II, III IV

STRUCTURE QUESTION

1.Figure below shows part of the Periodic Table of elements. Based on diagram below, answer the
following questions.

(a)What is the element represented by the symbol Fe?

-------------------------------------------------------------- [1 mark]
(b)In diagram above, mark X in the boxes for all the transition elements.

[1 mark]
(c)State two specific characteristic of transition elements.

[2 marks]
(d)Write the electron arrangement for the Mg and Al atom

--------------------------------------------------------------
[2 marks]

(e) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen.

--------------------------------------------------------------
[2 mark]
 Helium Gas Hydrogen Gas
Not reactive Flammable
Colourless Colourless

(f)(i) Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological balloons.

(i) --------------------------------------------------------------
[1 mark]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (f)(i).

(ii) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[2 marks]

(g) State the element that can form an acidic oxide.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1 mark]

2.Table below shows the proton numbers and the number of neutrons for several elements.

Element Number of Number of

protons neutrons
V 3 4
W 10 10
X 11 12
Y 16 16
Z 17 18
(a)Determine
(i) metal :
(ii) non-metal :
(iii) noble gas :
[3 marks]
(b)State two elements which are placed in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

--------------------------------------------------------------
[2 marks]

(c)Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element V with water.

--------------------------------------------------------------
[2 mark]

(d)(i) Write the electron arrangement for atoms of element Y.

--------------------------------------------------------------
[1 mark]
(ii) State the group for element Y in the Periodic Table.

--------------------------------------------------------------
[1 mark]

(e)Why are the melting point and boiling point of element Z low?

[2 marks]

(f) Compare and contrast the reactivity of element V and X

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[2 mark]
4.Figure below shows the electron arrangement for three atoms of elements X, Y and Z.

(a)Write the electron arrangements for the atoms of elements X, Y and Z.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
[3 marks]

(b)Identify the group and period for element X, Y and Z.

Element Group Period
X
Y
Z

[3 marks]

(c)Y dissolve in water to form an acidic solution and acts as a bleaching agent. Write the chemical
equation for the reaction between Y and water.

[1 mark]
(d)(i) Which element acts vigorously with water?

[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reason for your answer in (d)(i).

[2 marks]
(e)(i) Which element is chemically inert?

[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reason for your answer in (e)(i).

[1 mark]
(f)An element W has a proton number 11. Between X, Y and Z, which shows similar chemical properties
to element W?

[1 mark]
5.
The table below shows some properties of the elements in Period 3.

(a)What is the similarity between the elements above?

[1 mark]
(b)Explain why Ar does not have electronegativity?

[ mark]
(c)Which of the elements above is placed in Group 14?

[1 mark]
(d)Name the element Y that can react with iron, Fe to form FeY3.

[1 mark]
(e)(i) How does the electronegativity of elements change across Period 3.

[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reasons for your answer in (e)(i).

[2 marks]
(f)(i) Describe the changes in radius of atoms of an element when going across Period 3.

[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reasons for your answer in (f) (i).

[2 marks]
(g)Compare and contrast the changes in sizes of atoms when going down a group and across a period.
 [2 marks]

6.The table below shows proton and nucleon number of A, B, C and D.

Element A B C D
Proton number 3 11 19 37
Nucleon number 7 39 85
(a)What is the suitable nucleon number for element B?

[1 mark]
(b)(i) Give the electron configuration of element B.

[1 mark]
(ii) Which group are A, B, C, and D belongs to in the Periodic Table?

[1 mark]
(iii) What is the physical properties of these elements?

[1 mark]
(c)In one experiment, all the elements react with chlorine to form chloride salts.
(i) Draw the labelled diagram for the apparatus in the experiment above. In your diagram, show the
reaction between element B and chlorine gas.

[2 marks]
(ii) Give the chemical equation to show the reaction between element B and chlorine gas.

[1 mark]
(iii) Arrange the reactivity of elements A, B, C and D in ascending order.

[1 mark]

7.The table below shows the Periodic Table. The letters in the table do not represent the actual symbols of
the elements.

(a)Name the elements that can form a coloured compound.

 [1 mark]
(b)Write the formula for the ions formed by the elements A and Q.

[2 marks]
(c)Give two elements which are metals in the above Periodic Table.

[2 marks]
(d)State the element that can form an acidic oxide.

[1 mark]
(e)Which is the less reactive between E and R? Explain your answer.

[2 marks]

(f)Give an element that exists as monoatoms. State the use of this element.

[2 marks]

8.The diagram below shows a Periodic Table.

(a)Group 1 elements are very reactive elements. How is metal R kept in the laboratory?

[1 mark]
(b)What happens to the atom of metal R when they undergo a chemical reaction?

[1 mark]
(c)Metal R is put into a beaker filled with water. After the reaction, the water in the beaker is tested with a
piece of litmus paper.
(i) Name the gas released in this reaction.

[1 mark]
(ii) What is the change in colour of the litmus paper?

[1 mark]
(d)Metal R reacts with oxygen.
(i) Write the formula for R oxide.

[1 mark]
(ii) What type of bond exists in R oxide?
 [1 mark]
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction of R oxide with water.

[1 mark]
(e)In an experiment to determine the relative atomic mass of R, 1.15 g of R is burnt in chlorine gas to
form 2.93g of chloride. Calculate the relative atomic mass R.[Relative atomic mass : Cl, 35.5]

[2 marks]

ESSAY
1.(a) Describe this statement:
The reactivity of Group 17 elements decreases down the group.
Group 1 element has one valence electron.For group 1 element, they will donate its valence electron
to attain the stable octet in its electron arrangement during the chemical reactions.The reactivity of
Group 1 elements depends on the tendency of the elements to donate their valence electrons. When
descending Group 1, from lithium to potassium, the atomic size becomes larger.The force of
attraction between the protons in the nucleus and the valence electrons become weaker.The element
lower in Group 1 loses its valence electron more easily.Therefore, reactivity increases down Group
1.

[7 marks]
(b)Discuss the four properties of transition elements in the Periodic Table. Use a suitable examples.
The number of protons in sodium atom is 23- 12 = 11. The number of protons in chlorine atom is 35
- 18 = 17. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.Therefore, the electron
arrangement of Na is 2.8.1 and the electron arrangement of Cl is 2.8.7. Both of the atoms have three
filled electron shells, they belong to Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
[5 marks]
(c)Explain why a solution of chlorine is acidic and able to bleach things.
Chlorine dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous(I) acid.
Cl2 + H2O  HCl + HOCl. These acids ionise to give hydrogen ions, H+ resulting in the solution
becomin acidic. The hypochlorous acid(HOCl) formed has a bleaching property.
[5 marks]
2.In the Periodic Table, transtition elements are located in the middle section between Group 2 and Group
13. The examples of element are copper and iron.
(a)Give any two other examples of transition elements.
Titanium and Vanadium [2 marks]
(b)Give two physical properties of transitions elements.
Hard metals with high densities
[2 marks]
(c)Give the transition of element or its compound that is used as catalyst in these process below:
(i) Haber process -Iron powder
(ii) Contact process- Vanadium(V) oxide
(iii) Hydrogenation process of alkenes.-Nickel
[3 marks]
(d)Give two types of oxides of copper and their formulas.
Copper(I) oxide and copper(II) oxide
[2 marks]
(e)State the colour of the hydrated salt of each of the following ions.
(i) Fe2+ -Greenish
(ii) Fe3+ -Brownish
(iii) Co2+ -Pinkish red
(iv) Ni2+ - Green
[4 marks]

(f)Give the changes can be observed when aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added in excess to the
aqueous solution for each of the following ions.
(i) Fe2+ -Dirty green precipitate formed is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution.
(ii) Fe3+ -Brown precipitate formed is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution
(iii) Cu2+ -Blue precipitate formed is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution
(iv) Zn2+ White precipitate formed is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution.

11. (a)Explain briefly the role of the following scientist in the development of the Periodic Table of
Elements.
(i) Dobereiner- Classified the elements with the same chemical properties .Divided into group of
three named triads.The relative atomic mass of the element in the middle of each triad is
approximately used to the average of the atomic mass of the two elements.Explain the relationship
between the relative atomic mass of elements in each triad.
(ii) Newlands- Arrange the elements in order of increasing nucleon number in horizontol rows.
For each rows, it consisted of seven elements.
Introduce Law of Octaves. Law of Octaves is the chemical properties of very eight element are
similar.Discovered the existence of periodicity in the elements.
(iii) Mendeleev- Discovered the arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
Found the existence of periodic table change in the physical and chemical properties in the
arrangement of the element.Classified elements having the same chemical properties under one
similar vertical group.Showing a gradual change in chemical properties in one horizontol row
called period.He left empty spaces for elements yet to be discovered.
(iv) Moseley- Classified the elements based on placing elements with similiar chemical properties in
the same group.Reserved several empty spaces for elements expected to be discovered later.The
Periodic Table had enabled the prediciton of properties of several elements yet to be discovered.He
left gaps for elements yet to be discovered and predicted the existence of four undiscovered
elements from the atomic number.
[16 marks]
(b)Which scientist played the most important role in the development of the Periodic Table of Elements?
Give reason at your answer.
Mendeleev's played the most important role in the development of the Periodic Table of Element.
This is due to the principle of classifying elements. The elements placed with similar chemical
properties in the same group.In his discovery, he reserved several empty space for elements
expected to be discovered. This periodic table had enabled the prediction of properties of several
elements yet to be discovered.
[4 marks]
12. (a)(i) Name three elements in Group 17. Give one physical properties of Group 17.
The three elements are fluorine, chlorine and bromine. One of the physical properties is all
elements in group 17 are non metals. They are insulators of heat and electricity.
[4 marks]
(b)State the meaning of noble gas. Describe why Group 18 elements exits as a monoatoms (single atom).
Noble gas are chemically inert. It are unreactive in nature, do not react with any other elements.
Noble gases have attained the octet in their electron configuration. However, for helium gas, it
attained a duplet in its electron configuration. Therefore, noble gas do not donate, accept or share
electrons with the other elements.
[2 marks]
c)The diagram below shows a flow chart of two experiments carried out from chlorine.

Describe how to carry out an experiment I and II

Experiment 1
A piece of sodium is heaten in a gas jar spoon. It is heated until it starts to burn.
The ignited sodium in the gas jar is put in a gas jar of chlorine gas.
Finally, the sodium will burnt brightly with a yellowish flame and a white solid is obtained.
The equation for this experiment :
2Na(s) + Cl2 (g)  2NaCl.

Experiment II
Iron wool is placed inside a combustion tube. It is heated strongly.
The chlorine gas is passed through the heated iron wool.
Finally, the iron wool glows and formed a brown iron(II) chloride.
The equation for this experiment:
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g)  2 FeCl3(s)
[10 marks]

9. Group 1 in Periodic Table: lithium,

sodium and potassium.
The reactivity of Group 1 elements
decreases up the group from lithium
to potassium.

Design a laboratory experiment to prove the

above statements. You must include the
following.
 (a) Problem statement
(b) Hypothesis
(c) List of materials and apparatus
(d) Procedure
(e) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]

10. Table below shows the electron configuration

of elements A, B and C. The aim of the
experiment is to investigate the properties of
oxides of the three elements, small samples
of solid oxides of the three elements are put
separately into three test tubes filled with
dilute acid nitric.

Element Electron arrangement

A 2.8.1
B 2.8.3
C 2.8.4

The tubes are then warmed to see whether

the solid oxides dissolve or not. Repeated
the experiment by replacing the acid nitric
with sodium hydroxide solution.

(a) Are these three elements belong in the

same group or period in the Periodic
Table? Explain.

[2 marks]

(b) Give the hypothesis in this experiment.

[2 marks]

(c) State the three variables in this

experiment.

[3 marks]

(d) Based on the experiment, tabulate all the

observations expected.
 [3 marks]

(e) State the inference for each of the

observation you made in (d).

[2 marks]

(f) What is the conclusion can be made in

this experiment?

[1 mark]
9) (a) Problem statement: What is the trend of the reactivity of Group 1 when descending the
group from lithium to potassium?

(b) Hypothesis: The reactivity for Group 1 will decreases up to the group.

(c) Materials: Small pieces of lithium, sodium, potassium, basin filled with water, filter paper and
blue litmus paper.
Apparatus: Pen knife, basin and tongs.

(d) Procedure:
A piece of lithium metal is removed from the bottle. A small piece of the metal is cut using a pen
knife. A piece a filter paper is used to absorb the paraffin oil from the metal.
The lithium metal is then dropped into a basin of water carefully using a pair of tongs.
The observation is recorded.
The solution formed in the basin is tested with a piece of blue litmus paper.
Repeat the experiment using small pieces of sodium and potassium metal.

(e) Tabulation of data.

Metal Observation
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

The conclusion for this experiment is, the reactivity for Group 1 incerases down to the group.
Therefore, potassium is the most reactive compare to other element in this experiment.

10) (a) They are in the same period, period 3 due to there are 3 orbits.

(b) Acidic property increases while alkaline property decreases in ther order A  B  C

(c)
Manipulated variable: Oxide of the three elements.
Responding variable: Acidity or alkalinity of oxide
Fixed variable: Sodium hydroxide solution and dilute nitric acid

(d)
Reagent A oxide B oxide C oxide
Used
Dilute HNO3 Dissolve Dissolved Not
acid d Dissolved
NaOH Not Dissolved Dissolved
solution Dissolve
d

(e)
A oxide: basic
B oxide: amphoteric
C oxide: acidic

(f) Acidic property of oxides of the elements increases to the order A  B  C is moving from the
left to the right side of the same period.