Oil exploration is the process of searching for deposits of hydrocarbons,

particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth’s crust1. Here’s a simplified
overview of how it works

Identification of Potential Sites The process begins with geological surveys to

identify potential underwater or underground oil reserves2. This involves studying
the geological features of an area, including the type of rock and the structures
within it1.

Seismic Surveys Once potential sites are identified, seismic surveys are conducted.
These involve using an energy source, typically a controlled explosion, to send
sound energy waves into the earth. The different layers within the earth’s crust
reflect these waves back. These reflected waves of energy are recorded over a set
time period using special sensors3.

Drilling If the surveys indicate the presence of oil or gas, an exploratory

drilling operation is conducted to confirm the presence of oil or gas2. The
drilling is done from a drilling rig, which can be a floating vessel for deepwater
drilling or a platform fixed to the seabed for shallow waters1. A hole is drilled
into the seabed or ground, and a pipe is inserted into the hole4.

Testing Once the drilling reaches the oil or gas, various tests are conducted to
assess the quantity and quality of the oil or gas2. If the tests are positive, the
site is developed for extraction2.

Extraction The oil or gas then flows up the casing and is collected at the
surface1. This marks the beginning of the production phase2.

It’s worth noting that oil exploration is an expensive, high-risk operation.

Offshore and remote area exploration is generally only undertaken by very large
corporations or national governments1.