Origin and Developn1ent

Developed - 20th cen.

Flourished - Mixture of Indian +

Asian Styles

Art School - Bombay, Calcutta,

Madras, Lahore - Establish by British

Western Style - Troublesome &

Wretched for Indian Style of painting

Abanindranath Tagore & E.B.

Havel! inconsolable -

European style>>>> Indians

0 Indian history of Visual Art - 1896

ll .. '.A
 Origin and Developn1ent
New Technique : Introduced by
Abanindranath Tagore -
Tempera and Wash technique ~
Indian Traditional Painting + Japanese
Painting + Chinese Painting
Abanindranath Tagore famous Students

Nandalal Bose
Surendranath Kar
Asit Haldhar
Kshitendranath Mazumdar
K Venkatappa & many others
Unique Group - Distinct style different from
European naturalism
Kai Bhavana - India's first national art
school.
 Technique and Subject Matter
A New Style by Abanindranath
Tagore - Inspired by Mughal,
f ..
Rajasthani, Pahari & Ajanta Bagh
Awakening Souls - Young painters
I

·•.i '.
•

~g
~'., .
• I,

Depicted enormously - Wash and

. ~ . ..· .· . A .
:~
Tempera Style - ~~. . . .
- . . ~
► Historical paintings
► Religious painting
Classical Indian Literature (Episodes)
► Social Life
► Flora & Fauna

~-~ 'i >' p. "

.. .' •:i ii• ' . . m ,l,WJt'II •

l:~-- ~~- ...

. ., · t " -·-··
~ ~_ ..~...
.Q, .• (I,
.
·,.~--.
~
 Technique and Subject Matter
Modern Art - Best
understood as conflict
b/w Colonialism &
Nationalism
Colonialism - Introduce
New Institutions
Nationalism - Artist
asserted more Indian
taste in art
Legacy has great impact
on modern Indian art
Indian Art - Draw ideas
from west and follow its
own legacy and tradition
 Main Features of Bengal Painting
Ajanta Paintings - Linear delicacy &
rhythm & grace
Figures - Delicate & graceful
Wash techniques - Bring harmony
•
Impact - Indian Paintings styles
proves Indian roots
Rhythm - Human & Animal figures
seen
 Mughal - Paintings
PAINTINGS ARTIST TIME PERIOD
I Abanindranath Tagore
-

JOURNEY'S END 1937

RADHIKA Mohammed Abdul 1920

Rahman Chugutai
SHIVA AND SAT! N andalal Bose 1947
-
MEGHDOOT Ii Ram Gopal 1961 - 1966
Vijayvargiya I

Medium - Water colour on paper

Technique - Tempera and Wash
School - Bengal School of Painting
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi

[ SAME IN EVERY PAINITNGS ]

 Journey's End
Desc.-

0 Poetic deliberation of loaded camel -

Fall on stony ground

□ Sympathetic look

□ Camel : Dumb animal -

Pain & Suffering

Half open eye

Expression is tremendous

□ Composition - Desert with sunset -

mystical effect

□ Wash technique - Red , Brown & Yellow -

Background(light) + Foreground(dark)

□ Blue colour - Used for Stones

 Radhika
Artist - M.A.R. Chugutai {Lahore}+ ascendent of Ustad Ahmed
Lahuri
Painting - Poetic creation :
Full of beauty
Full of imagination
Evoke sense of pleasure
Fine detailed painting
Radha - Romantic posture :
Delicate & Flexible
Graceful & Lovingly
Radha - Body posture :
Bended neck
Left hand - cheek resting
Right hand - holding lotus bud {Bumblebee - sitting}
Radha - Dress :
Blouse - Orange colour
Lehenga - Purple colour
Ordhni - Yellow colour
Background - Decorative lamp with flame
Colour used - Orange, red , purple (Foreground + Background)
 Shiva and Sati

Depicts mythological episode - Shiva and Sati(parvati)

Painting - Colour and shades used:
Artist master of lines
Smoothness & tones
Shades -
o Brown & Yellow : Sky (background)
o Voile!, Brown & White : Earth
Shiva description -
In a sitting pose - sad face
Stretching his both arms
Forehead - bright white colour
Hair- tied
A halo - light yellow
Wearing - necklace and snake around neck
Sati (parvati) description -
Unconsciously lying on shiva's knees
Pale face
Eyes closed
Wearing - necklace, armlet, earing, bracelet
Saree - light shade of red
 Journey's End

Taken from - Series of Meghdoot painting

Based on - Meghdutum (lyrical poem in Sanskrit) by
Kalidas
Meghdoot - Cloud Messanger :-
Yaksha - excelled for 1 year from central India
Convinced passing cloud to take message - to his wife Alka
{Mount Kailash}
Yaksha :-
Placed in centre - yellow colour dhoti + white
duppata
Sitting & writing letter - to wife - palm leaf
Want cloud messenger - to pass this to wife
■ Cloud - Beautifully drawn
■ Landscape - Very effective
■ Wind - Known by fluttering garments trees & plants
■ Background - Lots of rocks & hut
■ Foreground - A water stream
[:Indian N; tional Flag · Evolu I irst: August 7, 1906
I
1st Hoisted - August 7, 1906 -
Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park)
in Calcutta ..
Composition of the Flag -

3 Horizontal strips - Green, Yellow

& Red

► TOP - Green stripe had 8 White

Lotuses (8 provinces of British
India)

► MIDDLE - Yellow stripe had

Vande Mataram (Devanagrl
script) written In Deep Blue

► BOTTOM - Red stripe had the

Crescent Moon & a Star in White
(Right Side) & the Sun in W hite
(Left s ide)
[:Indian N; tional Flag Second · 1921
1921 Session - All India Congress
Committee at Bezwada (Vijayawada)

Andhra Pradesh youth - Pingali

Venkayya prepared a Flag & took it to
Mahatma Gandhiji

Composition of the Flag -

3Horizontal strips - White.Green &

Red

Firstly - 2 colours - Red & Green (2

major communities - Hindus &
Muslims)

Gandhiji suggested -Addition of

White strip (Remaining
communities)

The Spinning Wheel - Progress of

the Nation
C 1ndian N; tional Flag · Evolution J · uly 22, 1947: I
July 22, 1947 - Constituent
Assembly adopted it as Free India ,.
National Flag

Composition of the Flag -

3 Horizontal strips - Saffron,

White & Green

Horizontal tricolour - Deep

Saffron, White & Dark Green

MIDDLE - Dharma Charkha of

Emperor Asoka was adopted in
place of the Spinning Wheel

The Dharma Charkha (Deep

Blue) consisting with 24
spokes

•
 Symbolic Significance of Symbol And Colours

Saffron: Courage and Sacrifice

White: Truth and Peace
Green: Faith and chivalry
Dharma charka (The Wheel of Law): Progress of our Nation
24 Spokes in Dharma charka: 24 hours progress

•-----------■, · ,
Contribution Of Indian Artists In The Struggle For National Freedom Movement

Nationalist movement - Art as a

vehicle for spreading the idea of
Swaraj
Abanindranath Tagore's -
Bharat Mata (High political
feeling of that time)
A Woman painted like a Hindu
deity - has a Halo behind her
Head and Lotus at her Feet
4 Hands - The Emblem of the
common men's Dream
• A Piece of cloth
• A Manuscript
A Branch of paddy rice
A Rudraksha garland holding in
her hands
Contribution Of Indian Artists In The Struggle For National Freedom Movement

NANDALAL BOSE -
1938 - Mahatma Gandhi invited
Nandalal Bose to decorate the
Congress pavilion at Haripura
session
Nandalal Bose design -
Congress village ~ The life of
common Bengali villagers -, ~

Earlier Mahatma Gandhi

i-: ,Ill
requested Nandalal -
• Art Exhibition at Lucknow
~·
. ,... ,
' .·.

~
session in 1936
• Decorated township at Faizpur
Congress session in 1937
(Brought him close contact with
Indian nationalist movement)
Contribution Of Indian Artists In The Struggle For National Freedom Movement

Artist contribution

Spreading idea of
-. ,,

'
.
l.J
educated people :.:. '(j ';.
Rich cultural heritage '8 J'.
'-
Take their Mind +
Souls away from
thoughtless British
Art + Western
cultural influencers
BengalSchool-
Succeeded -
Painters, Sculptors,
Poets and Musician
in the mainstream of •
nationalist movement
,
 Modern Paintings and Artist
-----------.------....
British era : New
techniques developed
- literature, science &
art
British felt Indian
lacked training and
sensibility - Fine arts
D Mid & Late 19th cen. -
Arts school open :
Ca lcutta, Bombay,
Madras
D Painting approach &
style - Depends on
personality & influence
 Modern Paintings and Artist
Artists during modern art
time-
Abanindranath Tagore -
Indigenous style of painting
Built up Bengal school with
disciples
Gaganendranath Tagore

• Rejected - traditional
Bengal painting ( 1925 ->)
• Tried cubistic painting
Rabindranath Tagore -
• Famous poet
• Started painting - 67 years
age
Focus - Expressionism
 Modern Paintings and Artist
•
❖ Ramkinkar Baij -
Started - Modelling sculpture

Raja Ravi Verma -

Self taught painter of south
(Kerala)
Trained in - western technique
: oil painting
Depicted paintings - Indian
mythology & Classical
literature
Jamini Roy -
Started - Kalighat pata
painting
Main focus - Glowing curves +
Bold lines
Rediscovered - Beauty of Folk
art
 Modern Paintings and Artist
•
❖ Amrita Shergil -
Emerged in 1930
Art education - Paris
Popularised - Oil painting :
among young painters
India - Beautiful canvases (28
years)
❖ Devi Prasad Ray Choudhary

Brought - Bronze casting

technique
Sculpture - European style
influenced by Rodin
❖ M.F. Hussain -
Versatile artist
Developed modern Indian art
- International platform
 Modern Paintings and Artist
•
Well known : Painters,
Sculpture artists, Graphic
print artists :-
N.S. Bedre
B.C. Sanyal
F.N. Souza
Dhanraj Bhagat
Amarnath Sehgal
Somnath hore
A11Lipe1m Sud
Early 1940's - Indian
painters :
'
Create art - Deeply impact
- Indian soil+ voice of
social change
Represented lines of
common people - folk
symbols
 Modern Paintings and Artist
•
Well known : Painters,
Sculpture artists, Graphic
print artists :-
N.S. Bedre
B.C. Sanyal
F.N. Souza
Dhanraj Bhagat
Amarnath Sehgal
Somnath Hore
Anupam Sud
Early 1940's - Indian
painters :
Create art - Deeply impact
- Indian soil + voice of
social change
Represented lines of
common people - folk
symbols
 Modern - Paintings
r:a,~...~(4j @;ii0i' ~ r:n.u,1•l
RAMA VANQUISHING THE Raja Ravi Verma Late 19t h century
PRIDE OF THE OCEAN

MOTHER AND CHILD Jamini Roy 1930

HALDI GRINDER Amrita Shergil 1940
MOTHER TERESA M.F. Hussain 1997

Medium - Oil on Canvas (Painting)

School - Modern School of Painting
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Exception Collection - Rama vanquishing pride of the Ocean:
Chitrashala, Mysore

[ SAME IN EVERY PAINITNGS ]

 Rania Vanquishing Pride of the Ocean

Episode from - Balmiki's Ramayana

Painting depiction - Rama held by sea -

attempts to build bridge - wash out by
ocean - Varuna & escort - pacifying Rama

Composition - Capture movement+

motions + dynamic balance

Foreground - Solid rocks - contrast

smooth ocean

Rama - Bravery + Strength - shown in dark

background

Yellow - Background(light) +
Foreground(dark)

Blue colour - Used for Stones