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    Oilwell Drilling Tech Workbook 1

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    Oilwell Drilling Tech Workbook 1

    Uploaded by

    Adel ALkhaligy

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    Workbook 1 B) Unit 1 +2 David Jackson Author Toctnial Cooter out Jackson Associates Frank Jorn otter Petroleum Opon Lacring Karen Saunders Project Co-ordinator Teytes FTS rd Elzsbeth Taylor EdtovialAsssant Teytee FTS Ltd Feber! Love Teena lasstor lan Goopar Muster ‘Acknowledgements PPevoleum Open Leaning and Taygc FTS Lid woul the to ackrowseoe th aslstance and technics axperise vant his project by [eDavie Green (Saiagon (Ciald Tecnology Lis), Me Dik Haron (Shall UK Explraton and Production) Nr sia Loe Ganka Fe Orlin Company) ‘and Me Duncan Mears (M&W Ofishore Seve) “Thanks ao etended to thse who parteate inthe prograine plot ard gave very heptl feedback: Nv Coane MeConache (Peteieum Open Leaming), he Man Holand (BP Pevoleun Deweopnen. Li), Mr Bats Shepherd (3 Pus Eninacing Ld) ard Mi Geo Waker (Shell UK Expoation anc Production. The suport and encouragement gwen fo he devlepment of hs apen sarang programme bythe Training Agency cco gray aekrowedges Designed and Produced by Taylee FTS Lid, & Not Isla Steet, Dnsee fr PETROLEUM OPEN LEARNING, Aborc ‘Artwork by Baie Marsal Daign, arin Road, Duna Prinlod by Mie Tanahil & Mtven Ud, Glover Steet, Perth Publlshed by PETROLEUM OPEN LEARNING, Becknoss Averue, Aberdeen ABI APG, Scotand ‘©OPITB 1990 SBN 672081 051 [Align eservad, No pat of tis pubcaion may be reprduoa, stor na reteval a inlomstio storage system, ansmited in any frm or by eny men, ‘machenca, plocopying, recording or atherae what the prior permission nvring oe pubis Oilwell Drilling Technology Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Contents Training Target * Introduction * Section 1 - Reservoirs and Reservoir Rocks * Section 2 - Exploration Techniques * Section 3 - Drilling Rig Types * Section 4 - Drilling Personnel * Check Yourself - Answers Page Visual Cues 12 sw |e 15 coy Seige dG ater [2] seme 115 4.21 See you have been inking long the ghtines 1.33 sor | Sep es ‘summaries for youto recap on the | ‘major sie in your progress “iby "80 targets for you to achive byte eng of me unt ut iN [fe Training Target ‘The aim ofthis unit 1 gv you an insight into the base concep and tctnigues used inthe exploration fr of and ge. Wa wl alo look bela the dilingproose, deci Testu ating igs ar the personnal imvoved ite ein operaon Wien you have completed tha unt you wibe able te Name te two main ypes of seimontary rack. Define he rock properties of poresiy and pomoabiiy. Explain in boa tx the gn of petroleum, ently the tyes of rock sucture which can fama petroleum sera. [Deer he large scale survey toeniques used in ptrleum exoleraen, “Explain the princpes of thee small scale suey techs uced in potloum apration * Describe tno basic concops ofthe cling process, Ls ne main types of ceing gin use and he key Festus ofeach Q0OG000000 Ut th ain poreonna voted inthe cing operation an the functions of he ering cre Tick each box when you have met the targo 12 Unit 4 : Basic Concepts Introduction Natural ptolum ie cntainasin underground ‘osorvie. Tho aim fo gt tom te eso tothe ertace in cate anole manner “There are wo main stages involved nts + finding tne perolour *sransporing itt he surface and processing {oe ye next phase “The feat of hase slages cated exporalon, anc ‘ng second production, Ina won nating ner leo rater oa hat natural petroleum is + patroteun + Gland ges or + yeooartons | bo using al of those expressions tom te fie We aro never absolutely 9x6 wheter oo gas e presenti osewoi unt we eve: + latent that reser + obaine a sample oh eservok ids at The aia “Therfro, wo oan say that lng a wali the ae

    {ind is petrcieum reser, = you can obtain somo dean, coares gree Kem mu and lay, Dat) you en uy hs Activity “ako your wo amply yoghurt atte saved rom he Wet Acti. You alo nocd the gt and asl qual fo (igh machine oo even cocking ci wid} Fillone container with water as belt Add about of to he othr conlainar and then tw the gt Pur some ofthe wale il tho contanor of gil until Koo war visible atthe uvaoe.Leqve overnight Wien you ome back o look tro down hare what you se. You should se that a mofo becomes clearly Thelmpenvous rock ayer must be shapad ina. You wil notice rom these dagrams thet the ‘sii onthe surface This ci herlor, must cern wey, otherwise the poolaum would tind is rere Tus conned within the eck pores have migrated rom the boom oth container 10 way reunathe edges end canine is upward have separated (over mills of years) ne dstnct the. ‘migration. The merous rock lyr rust forma layots~gas tthe top, tren ll then waters you {rap such 099 rook would erpect, Ithas Host upwards though the water which is fling the pores atthe grt unl tcan go no higher. Figures 4a, 4 and 4c usale various ypec ct Inpracte, the boundales between the ayers re TThisishow natural petleum mores famine ape and ow petoleumean accumulate under not as sharp asin he peta. This separation, souree rock's. nerock where was formes, to these o form the petroloum reservor. owever importa, when we decid Pow ar the reservelr rock, the reserve we shoud dil before completing the ‘Wel, Unt 9 wl aoe a isn move deta “This ema resoroeontair nrgor rock partlos han you would usvaly rain practee but th doa is exactly th eam Itéoesinoate vory doely ‘hal yeur yoghurt carton roservar haa bth parosty {to hohe ll and wat and permet to alla the clte reac tho sutace). The Structure of Reservoirs You now havea mental pcre of he pevoisum aie twa formed loatag upwards tweugh rock owes and channot id wt wat wl slop inonraie then tis longer abe to do hia - when it core lencourtare aos ayer whlch does et coiain pers lany pores and chant. This layers calod an emer Impervious rock, which moans not pameabie. ae e Figure 4e 14 2 Test Yourself 2 Have alack lhe sketch below. It shows two svosrlace geological ste ll migrates upwards though he porous and permenbe ese rock ten do you thnk that ether of theee structs could farm an eflectvepatoleum resarva? Ad why? You wil tn he anewerin Check Yourself 2on page 1.38. 10 ‘The es sro ond he patceum reserve, andthe nox! selon looks st some othe mors ‘ommer exploration techniques whieh are see ror tote nal eat eeling (8 Summary Inthis secon we have loked a sackmantary reoks ana how they were frst ceposite. You wil have lea thal n order i form an ofacvo petroleum reserve, ths sodietary roo must [SSS io proparies: porosity and pormoabiy. | cescrbed how petleumn was ist ormod nthe gouresroek ane how inated upwards towards he reserva, ‘The petroleum reser water: * coneit ofsecimantary rock having both pros and permasbly * ie undomeath an impermeable (impervious) lye: (euch 2s a eap rook) forming a ‘top pas ich tha eeervor acs cannot leak * contain reservoir ids which have separated in many cases into a gos layer a the ‘op, ana eye inthe mide anda water layer une'meaty ‘You now inow uhatapetleum reservoirs. nthe nxt secon you wl farm how to ni 14 Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Section 2 - Exploration Techniques In the previous selon, | deserbod how sediment ec ar eid down and why the presence of hace racks would neste the osobly ofa and gas being present ‘We need to know the broad geographical areas the word whoa tea sedentary rocks may be found This give Us ait due aso where We should i ‘hase areas canbe vary arg and techniques re requredte papait ror acura the hey ‘ubeutlae srucures where ol and ges could ccumulate. You already how thal hese re aod tape and il be femair wih the basic types In his section, you lf out abou: sedentary basins + exploration tectniques large scale exporaon techniques smal cae ‘Sedimentary Basins ‘We have soen, proviously that most scentst now _Avoepl the gent theory ot ptlotaum production. Inter wos, they botove hat ol anc gas were foxmad rom plant and animal emans,ceposed trom river aed coae, covered wih furor ayes of ‘rock sexsmant and subjected high esses, high fampartures and 30 on sie the case, our sedimentary besins, ‘Geograhical areas where large quae of Sedimentaty rock ae found wl be located where (driver syters have ceposted lage quaiios ‘Of sediment no ancient seas. The locaton of ‘hase seas are wellknown by geoiogss,basod on Auwderangeot oer evidence, However, knowing hata ptroleu reset could be-confeines hin a dimer basin which ‘may be hundred of miles seose fot much help to anol company. Thy want toknow where 1 silt est wal - preciso. “Thortor, we equ oer echrques which wi Pinpoknt more accuaty the most favourable tecaton railing. Exploration Techniques - large scale Hor, we must think of techniques which aro sulle for lang lector, nd thoso wich are Spplieals over ater Land LGoolgis have four hat hey can sometimes ident subsurlec auctres ik aul aed demos Dying ground contours a fe sriace, You wil this more clay by looking again at figures 49, bande and oting that hese subsurface shapes ca, {9 como este be miered at round ove [eral photographic surveys area most etfctive sneans ol gaznng thie broad wnpression. Dames fd overage een stand out clay, perhaps by thangs ino vegeaton. Figure Gon the rest page showe an aorta phatograph which usates ome of thocecxaracteises. 1 “The use ot 5-cimensionl photorephyInreases ‘na ease wth which surface charactors can be picked out om ara photograp, Newadays, i dal, photographs tom osing satlieg ae oveasingy used fo ts ype of ‘plcation wor ‘via survey are often acoonparied by told ‘surveys oelouiss an the ground neeeigating in ‘ove deal somo a the sustares peked out om ‘ha ak They may bo leekng for tho sie and shape ‘ofa dome, orth slope and rock ype of an uletop. Again, figures 43, and e donenstaio how his infomation mightbe uel in selocing a location oon. Water vor water, the same type at ntormatin ¢ rnoedod, but oer tectriquss are reque. Sonar (oortad sound wave) cuvoys can bo ueed to plot the contours of tho eoabed, whe duos 19 Sometimes ompoyed io cary outa fl survey Undereter. Exploration Techniques - small sole ty ‘tthe sige, explorers or ol would want some cea ‘aiferatin that what they saw onthe srtane ‘cualy nated a vapype susie underground ‘Thay would sa need soma hn of he depth of ony ny Toy srutura,k would be vary aif plan = an efecve dling programme ithe trast rode oes Formation could be st 8 OCD fost or 16 O00 {Wo wl ok tree commen metods for obtaining this inkermatio: arly oye Paget tore tan sure as Gravity Surveys Te ‘ray suv, ane nae suggst, esi Strencee nepal oy fon one a Sorry ancter Drea socke Fioue7 tive shige’ gators pa, gu Shows, nso em, now a ay eter ‘epost aes of dns reek ar hw be ‘esse recoes ‘Aap rock wi be prosetin some petroleum resersos Jock a figures 4,b and ¢ again) and, a hie ‘ay wo be move dense than th undeigreseres rock a grauly survey could Be 8 use fol ote ‘Magnetic Surveys In his ype ot suvey, a magnetometers used to ‘moasure the stengb and direction o! he local ‘agri force. The presoncs of undergrouna ‘ocks containing, paca, ron wil stor the ‘otra patio ol he oars magoetc fon tat 2103 Thi dsteion can bo moasuod and ‘corded fo givo a picture ol structures cortaring ‘agroiominorl Seismic Surveys “Tha word seismic means rotating fo earthquakes ang ns 85a uot the pn of ti. technique, ‘A shock nave i ato atthe ewrtace and waves ‘enn tough sueeeesiverok yore. Al he ‘boundary of each ane, ato the wave eneray ‘ellectea bac te sacs where pce’ up by sera instruments ened geophones (on lane) 0: hyerophones (on water “Tho shock waves themclves can be generate in avail of way. Fr example: on tana + bp expacve charge by thumpar buck ch érops a heavy weight ono the ground * by van nore arab surfaces kept contact withthe ground Fig 2 show a ealmie survey on an. Flgute 82 ‘over water + by compressed ar charge, whih oles oss treat to marina ethan explesves ‘Yu can seo hie setup in figure ab Figure 85 Inboth once, th shock waves wavel hough Ailoront yee oro taller! speeds ans ‘horeora wl ace back athe surace at fore times. ebush Takes a computer te anaiyse the Iago numberof signal bing resive atthe ‘sac, bul arematkably acura picture can be bu po! sussutace formations in terms ofboth ‘hape and psa characterises Looking back overthis secon, you wi netic hat allot the eehriques coserbed ae carrod cut on or sbove th sre, although fey do give Us ‘Some good dications of wha ies belo. Winer te ting sto selected and the welis ‘tall beng ced, however, we find cusses tree in coact wih deeper an deopor Subsurace rock ermatns This ives us naw opportunities fr ooking el and geting intonation rom these roo leer. wl fesorbe those opparuriies fr you nda won ‘we.come to Unit = Formation Evaluation. 19 EE In this seston deserted er you how sedentary basins were orignal formed, You wil hay Tear hat oy ean bo ery large and we need somo eter way Of Romnngan en the fet ling Tecan Frat brood survey othe aea canbe cares out by ‘serislphotogaphy = land + Settle photography — and + tld gotogsts vend * sonartochquee wot ‘Tena preciso location fr eiling can bs hoon wih he holp of to tchniqus: * gravimetic surveys ~ moasurosdilrancosinthe gravitational pul of various rocks * magnetic surveys ‘measures dilranees inthe magnetic propetias of anos eck * slemie surveys ‘maasuresdifererces inthe speed ol sound trough various reeks ‘We now know wre to nthe nex section you wil look at some bale steps inthe itng ‘operation andthe rigs used to doth jo. Unit 1: Basic Concepts e Section 3 - Drilling Rig Types ‘ayusing the apprcpiio oxploraton techniques ‘eseribed in the lat secon should now be posable select locaton to dl particular Fipe of wl be chocon To mae the cation and Aepthrequramente ofthis explration wel. {As you il have art tom he irtedcston to this ‘nie dierent typos of wet wi be cid at ilerent peer eeeeoeet ae Se See aa enclose erent at eae piimaneterimcr alten re Feces — Inti section we wil ook atthe main pes of sling ig cesigns: ‘and igs of, toil Hor wae, + ackuptgs pion 99 + Semebmeribles * aahips Figute 9 shows the typical locations in which these ‘vetlous ig ps operate. Figure 9 1a In Unit2 you wil ook at Driting Systems an Equipmont. wil become clear, whatever the ig doin, must cay out he sare base function to make a hole in the ground. Il also comprise these fve basic ystems: troistng stom | rotating ystom hrovlatng system ower eystam lowoutprovertion sytem {aid thal cotingriga have the same essential Job -to maka ole inthe ground Before we ook a th diferent pas of, therefore, Tel wo shoud have abil oo at some basic alin concops. This wil slow youto lure more ear the various tages of the lin operation, Drilling Concepts Tae citing of ny wel cared outing numberof clearly delved staos. At each sage the actual hoi using see BA ypiea di ts shown in igure 10 Figure 10 ‘The bts ccnneciedto tn bottom of an assembly olpioes caled dil ering. Ash hols ésepened mare longi o il pipe me ado unt ‘hota pth of thal lage i retoned. 1 Tho tes section of oi led ung aloe carter i (ee igure 11), Ths hele fe tld to relaely shallow depth bore ‘ing is topped an the ail sang are it are remeved rom the hole. ‘ano Figure 1 2. Stel pe called a casing string i ower Into he hole funtion ta tap the lod ole om callapsing tis Soopenad (You wilco at other ction a casing a Inore detain Unit §= Casing and CComenting). The clamote ol the casig sings smal than hat ol he cil le. Tis means that thereie a gap belwoon the ould of he casing nd the ine of eee. This rng shapee Space scaled he annulus. ‘To secure the cosing in lace formations batind the case, filad ih cement ry, Figure 12 snows the sats of ho ote a this sage. Figuro 12 4 When tha cement ha et eiling ean continue. ‘eri whic tines the eagle connected to oil cing an more hol is ‘ites, [Ata predetermined dept, dings ones aga Sopped and he codon of holes ined wih ‘coring, This casing also comented nplaco ‘chown i figure 13 belo | avscasng sea a) Figure 13 ‘This sequence of citing, hen ing the hte with casing which s coment in placa canines url the otal dein of ho walls aches. Figure 14 shows awell dod (aie total ah Bear in mind when you look a rawiogs owes, thal they willbe grosly out of roparton. we ‘ied to tustate a 10000 test deep wel which was ‘2inchas in damotr using a scale of in 120 ‘would require a choot of papar the height ofthe Eel Tower ‘oo [2] Test Yourself 3 Below | have given you a selection obi sizes, casing sizes and hols dept which are ovo} oat Bit sizes 1% 28 8 12 (casing Sizes Eo ? 19%e oe Hole Deptn 11500 500 sor 1 500 Use his rfrmation to ilin the missing deta in he ailing programme below: Driting Programme Bitsize Casing Size Hole Depth ‘Stage One Stage Two Stage Three Stage Four ‘You wil ind tha answarin Check Yourselt3on page 1. Land Rigs Land rig vary enarmausy nse = ini capaciy ‘oli culate fais and generate power Masts For igor work, cantlovor mass (also krawn 3 Jackie derek) are common. Figure 8 shows ype! one. Masi of his type ae assembled on ho ground ftom arg wolded sections fastened togeer wh pins. Thoy ay than be raised to hovers! positon by using the gs on power unt and Folsting in. Small masts may be ruck mounted, hile some ae telescepc. The raging-up time formas fends tobe les han for conventional ercle, Figging-up time tho tine kes to assemble a matt in te vertcal postion, ons om alts Components also icles De Lino to metal the wor unt al the cables and he pig, one Figure 15 aa Derricks ‘Thoteis no realy clear-cut dincon betwesn a mest anda crrek, Somotimat the words are weed Intrehangeay ‘Tokoop things simple, we wil regard adore as the rameworctower ype of suppor usualy associated wih ciel iin. Figure 16 shows a {ammen arangement “Typical, devicks ar assembled on sto by bolting indviua pieces logether Th aging-up te for this mathadi, of cou longer than for 8 cantiever mas Wo wi ok atthe iterencos betwen masts and orc in mere dealin Unt 2. Figure 16 127 vack-Up ‘A Jack-up rig consists ot a movabeplatonn wtih can be jected up and down the (usuely) twee Supporting legs. Figure 17 shows on ote ‘sandarddesigna ‘Those prove a common means failing in water, wre the wator dap ill slow sy, 5 6950 leet. Jack pe wi ba oatod ut olocation ath legs then awerodinéspondonty ul hey are bedded Society athe platform a evol and above wave hehe Iie clear that nei use woud ba earctad when thre are svongcutens or an unstable seabed Figure 17 & = — 5 a = Semi-Submersibles ‘Aseml-submersible is eating dling ig. A ‘yptal layouts shown tgure 19 below. Figure 19 ~ Inthis case, a decks supported by a abu struetne, and by teo ful to provi bseyancy ‘Aa, th deck cates equipment anc aseanmecion meddle @helceper pad and a ‘iting. Som: cubmersies can move easly rom one lection fo another ear by being owed er under thor ewn power. They ae mainly used, thereor, for exploration ‘and appraisal cing whve th ease of movement essen \ihen on locaton, the semi as ts oon called) takes on war ballast (to he Wo ht, i ower he suc inthe water at In tis postions sheed tom the ole of ‘ough wator atthe surface an acievos a gh ‘ogioe ot tc ‘A somi-ub cen operatoin dooper water hana Irekup. is maximum operating water depth depends on be ype of mooring eelom employe, Some sem-substuse anchars wih ire and chen tc hold hem on sation. Others use dynamo positioning high teyatem of compuier onvoledtstes, lo maintain he poston, We ul ook at mooring systems in mee Geta Unité. Moder seri-subs using anchors may. a ‘xoeplonal crcumstances, rth water up 2. 3.00 oat doop ‘Sami sus using nami posiioirg systems are apable farang even Gooper waters, up 5000 oat op, Driliships “These era ships apecaly bul ° conve or deepsea dilng, Tir main foatres ae: [7 Test Yourself 4 ‘You plan toda te exploration walls in tho folowing dap of water, Whattype of 3 would you sec to ozo these Wels. ‘he ait te din aimost any dept of wat {realer moi han sem-eubs of ack-ups ‘amie posioning equpment canbe fed, 2s wih som-subs (gelor storage capacy than che ype ‘ota slabs some-subs or ecleups wat ding + 4500 est Figure 20 wi ve you an overalimpression ofthe layout + 200 fet * 1 so0teet ‘You wil in Ue anewerin Chock Yourelt on pag 1.32 Figure 20 sat (2 it ‘To begin wth, we looked at Some basi ing concep. | wit goin these in more cetat ‘later unis. For nw, Penaver, you nave an over mproslon, “The various typeof dling rg were then deserbed alka about te ype of land i. mast and ada ‘Then wo considered ailing om water snd eae a jack-up, palm gs, sem-suomorsbles and ciships, The ferences bebweon thace ig typos were Fighighes, We wil now oko a lok the parsonnel whe operate ese 12 Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Section 4 - Drilling Personnel ‘The maya which ig te crowed up wil} Figure 21 giv a yical pure o course, vary ea rom one atuaton to another. + eperting ll company pereonnel ‘Thar aro common features and thase ae the +s carvacor personal and ‘ones wih te cancontale on * thetypa of serie conperis : : Ingled inthe dig operation, and how thoy Drilling Operations - Personne! ‘lai each ahr. = ‘riting contactor company rep. Soe i subsea engineeina)| Aourpusher es Paroloum engineer ‘ling engines sitter liste gotogit tet mostale nee sat iter ja mechan cementing lerichmen mud engineering md logging roughneck ‘wireline togalng —— responsbieto ‘wall ting roustabout = === icon th Figure21 ‘The company representa on so (pthaps «alle he company manor eltng super”) eaves thal he cing programme i cared out hha sale and ofisart manne Ho repats to, ads employed by. th operating armpany which hold the loonce fo th hele, Ho wilh oper company epesasets on sto Service company persona reportto the company ‘man, but must aie very closely wh he eng Mombers of is dling tear are sted oppest, lagother th ther mci tack and reparing Inks Toolpusher: Tourpusher: Dr: Assletant Drier: Derrickman: Roughneck: oustabout In orl charge of ig eperations implementing the cing plan snd comesance with asta equromens. Reports othe company oprescniaive. ‘esistart oto tocpushor. Wil ba in charg of a pater shit otlen the nh Responsible (othe tolpuehorfrimporerting te ling pen and or ally, an report him. In charge ofthe eng process and operation, Rasponsba fr campinoe with he ailing plan and Yor ne ling ro. Report oho foooarpache. Assists the dar. Usualy response le cito:o the operation of bulk storage ‘auipment (or handling mus enamleas, ote) andor tho md feline sym. Feports othe er. Responsible fo th storage and movement of tubular inthe derrick ard monitoring the mud systoms. Peper the dill. Works on i for. Responsbie fer genera lg oor atts undo the dracon othe deoiasistant citer, Raper tothe cra, ‘A member a he general wrktorc,zsssing wih the movement of mates, ‘Soaring, panting, ele. Repo fo the rousabout foreman (na hovn on igure 2). Test Yourself 5 Inti vat we have been through some ofthe malo sips ina iypica exploration programe. wou tke you thnk back over whl you Rave lz and Ist a8 mano! the sts nthe programme as you can, ‘You wind the arswerin Check Yourself Son page 140 [s Summary Intis section we ave looked at ype iting aperaten and deserved the people ano ‘actvtes winch make tappen. Inve ndcted how fey ik ogether na an seen team, Final, Ihave Seto the escent mambo ofthe ling eew and detalled tal man tasks. You have now consid hs rst uit about Baste Dring Concept inthis Oiling Technology open earning programme, Gobo tne Taning Target a the begin ofthis unl and chock thal you can Yk alo he bokes. you ere unsure of any, read ove the reevars socio again and avec with yout er nacessary. Unit 1 : Basic Concepts Check Yourself - Answers yi Check Yourself 1 “The maxinum amount of whch eu minizasano can hoi the pore volume othe sero, ‘We can calculate tn by mulinhing folel rock volume x poroshy of teu.metro(t 00 res) x 16% = 180 tres ‘Ourbock of sancone, therfore, could hel a masimum of 180 Irs of oi Check Yourself 2 (Ohas row migrated io ox we possible resect. ‘You can sees bebo! nthe fat skh, of has accumuleted under he capeock, which has prevented 8 migrating further This could therfore be anatecbve patooumn Faseroi. Inthe second dang, the impervious rectayer has a breakin uo lauling, and his hao alowed oo eak ou snd uated, The suture woul nat, hotfore fom an atc patloum resor0, Mi Check Yourself 3 Dring Programme Bitsizo Casing Sizo Hole Dept Stage One ae ao 1 800 Stage Two we 198 4000 Stage Three 2. oi e500 Stage Four ayy r 11500 your answer ave othe sama as tess, ry working hough the soutien again Check Yourself 4 ‘To lin 280 feat of water jack-up woul be suitable, aston as ‘a seabed proved a sound fotng othe ack op legs ard local Curent were not fo ang. “To dilin 1 500 foto water, 2 eomi-cubmeraibe i aly to be sod which usos olor anchers er dyramseposining stom fo mmariaints postin, “To il in 4 500 fest of water, a dynamicaly positioned dillship is ‘ema thal his, w Check Yourself 5 The major steps na iypicalexlraionprogeamne ae rough as folone! “By consultation with gocegis, you would Know where he major sedimentary bains aro ocaiodin Tho geographical aaa of Interest you. ‘The nex stage hich wo have no talked abouts how obtain permission fo: all ne work we intend tocar out on the prejet. How Is done varies enormous frm ona county to anahoe andi en ‘mate fr legal experts fo handle suggest wa leavoi tthe. * Assuming permissions have baen grand, an ail ocala ‘suney, possi combined wit ground sve) il bo eed aut ‘overland locations. Over wale, 2 sorie suey may bo eal To. ‘This work wil narrow the area down and allow more datated surveys using gravitaonal, magne or seismic eowicoe. The Use of seismic methodsisa hgh pebaeity im any mad oxplosion programme, (On ho basso iis evidence you can Goede where to i Hovrver tho ling ig must be solcte arid tod thal you need to Answer aw more questions: are you ding on ana? “ov over wale? “ler wate, in whet depth aro you ering? “hon daep dees thehaleneee woe? Your rigs selected. You must ensue that Ris crewed up propery and altho cence company personel you rage wa bs on han at Ito coneet time. Let ling conmonos. Oilwell Drilling Technology Pp Unit 2 : Drilling Systems and Equipment Contents Page * Training Target 22 * introduction 23 * Section 1 - The Hoisting System 24 * Section 2- The Rotating System 242 * Section 3- The Circulating System 2.28 * Section 4- The Power System 2.38 * Section 5 - The Blowout Prevention (BOP) System. 241 * Check Yourself - Answers 2.54 as [fe Training Target (When you nave completed this unt, you wl beable: Ustinov bese diting rg syters ‘Summaise now each ystom operates. dont the compenans ofeach ot five systems, Explain the functon ofthe components dente, Desorbe in simple terms the constuction of he components. ‘Tiok each box when you havo mat the target. (ute he relationship of eat sysemin the oveal alin process. 22 Unit 2 : Drilling Systems and Equipment Introduction You sow inthe et unit of hie programe that ‘here ere & number ot iteren types of ang ra Income usa. doesn't maior what ya you tik about, has ona uncon oly tormeke @ hoe in the ground In order to perfor this function sally ane airy, tho ig has arunbor of comporonts ‘el can be qroopd togetha in our baie nth unt wl go though €ach of he systome fisted. We woo th idl amps in tho yeiom ado haw toy conv toto ‘over ing process ‘Atbough the eqdpriont basicaly th sam on all fig, dates (eam eubs and dilehpe) hava sam pedal equip whi not feund on lend inctalations, Wo bolacking at specsalsed oan dling ig eysms and equipment in 1 syslms, Those estome ae tho: Unit i is uit we wil concerto on conventional equipment suchas you woul ind on sown, + hoisting system Sand rigor ona ined platform osha. seme oh (GH rotor ste rotating system Figure 1 shows a simpliadine drawing ota ‘ype ng wih ie systems and components. sor + ceeulating system [As we go trough the unit ssiom by syst, wo + powereystem willgracualy bull up the compote pictore ofthe ‘iting station which you geen igure 1 In con tothe four Ihave Isied above, there is Sfathar ystem which must be condaeredin ny ‘scussin of ig components. This system, aihough not easel tothe dling proces, s I sion toa fog salty. ist + Blowout prevention system Figure 1 23 Unit 2 : Drilling Systems and Equipment Section 1 - The Hoisting System 2 & ‘As youl short &00, ole ae die vt eng Tanai pipe wit) a eiletathe enh 1629p Role can weigh two hunred tens or move “This coeldrabie wosgthas fo be euependag'n| the ale, raised andioweree. A nolsting system accomplices hs ase If you thnk about, the biting system pertrms the eama tanefon as a crane, On acing i, however tho boom a he eran sien th Vera poeton ard i eal tha dre (or maa). ‘This darks tho fist componont in tbe hong system. Les it al he components in ho stom and hen lok leach ol ham nn, The Hoisting System Components ori + ewens + tng ine «rm lock * traveling assombiy (uaveting block and hook) The Derrick ‘Tha doric sho tal toworkesbucture whieh most poopo think of a5 an OM ip. Acland (pyramid shaped) denckconsata of four steel supporting lags standing on a squere Date. Tn bacoiekooun ae ho eubstvcure and he too of ths suture he diling rig floor. The supporing lege 6 ona logon wth Stoo cross bacigs when silos he itive and ive he necessary oadbearng sent “Tho height othe deri doesnot tet load bowing capacity bx wil te lang of pipe Sections wach may Be removed. As you wil a Inter, itis necessary fom ime to tne opt al ho Ai pe cut othe hol. Thetop a ha datick must be high enough atove the ig foo forthe pipe eats ibe taken out of te ole and femporaly stored whi ih rg sure, Desk elas vay tom around 90 fot on smal land ga, to over 180 felon some large ohare insaltione. Tug neigh is measured rm he ig feo. Figure 2 shows a snpiies drawing ofa derek. ‘ato NA a Figure 2 24 ‘You wil see that here ar wo plaorms Incopovatedin he stucaure. These ae lable: theater abe ‘he tinge board alo calles the monkey oa) “The water able sa working platiorm atthe top ot ‘ha eatick which enables mantenance to be ‘card out on te equipment te ‘The finger boards another working ptf ‘ic istecated approximately 90 foe igh nthe ‘dari Tse where ona of her ero (Ie “darrihonan) werke when del pe being pulled from the fle, ‘Youll atthe sar fis section | mado reterenca oa darrek oc mas. Figure 3 shows a simplifled raving of @ mest, ‘A mast parorma the ame uneion ashe ori. buts usualy mach Hamer constuction. hie used anand dling operations ands capable ot being tanepriedhetwocn ocalons as a completo uni arin couple of sections JANAIND: Figure on 25 Drawworks: ite continue cur analogy ofa era and holting system, the winch ole cans equal tothe drawworks of ding ig hoising system, ‘The main pupose o! this pice of equpmen 10 IMtppe cut ofan weit back nto the hao ‘The drawwors i eaten the mide ol he back asge atte ng too Hom it Works Its pnp fetes spool or drum, which ean Figures be rotated using power ram hag power systom, Wireline (ening ine feted onto te aru sr from there passes trough a system of pulleys {crown and raveling blocks). & hooks Head at the lower and afte ple sytem. As withthe, Winch ofa cane, when te operator, thi case the dlr, rotates the drum it sne Grecian the lili ina raced or he erum easing the ‘movable puley and Rook. ine aru ie alowe to ‘olatoin the her iesion the nook wl Sescend, pall down byt suspandes load. Since the del Pipe Is conned athe moving pulley, the pipe an bo raed or enered ‘The drawworks usually has a s2cond spook, known 3. sand rel, ited Borin the man ium. The irom tis pool passes over ass puley ‘nd can be used ec tunning eas nto and out of thanole. The sand reais sometimes ealied a coring rel, howevar, isnot urea mush nese days. Independort wireline unts are use or this pose. Incorporated into tha draws rete catheads, ‘These ato ueodtegather wi ange spanner or tongs o make orbreck the teaded connections botwen inca ins 0 pipe. ‘You wl soon Unit how these operations ae actualy cad cut. We wll alo loa at sme Slerative equipment usedin thse operations, 26 Activity Look again a igure 4 and isnify the main rom and eatyeeds othe Gramwoets, Make sure that you understa hew th sjsiem wer. ‘Your tutor souk be able to help yout you weunsure “The Broke Systom ‘Animporar olue ofthe daemons isthe brake system. This lows the ler to contol the {vemendous load of he ol pe or casing suspended tom the puley systom. There are a least two ‘rake sybtars on most igs, Ono's a mechanical ition devee whieh uses a bands passing Over ‘rake drums. The bands ao comecied to alge eke handle kcaled atthe side of the drawnoks. ‘This is opraied by the diet al he descent of loaded pulley eyiem, The other brakes ether Inyraule or, mos comm thes days, becca operate. Th aul byaka Ie uted to crt the rate of descent ofthe oad. I haps reduce the wear ont pray eon syst, Figure 5 shows the ction ype brake mechanism Figure 5 27 Gear System, ‘An integral par of he eeerks he gear (Wansmission) system. Auth, high and ow Speed gears fogether wih afoot operated ote, alow a wide range of hosting speeds tobe usec, Contra “The ls woristation I athe brake hance of the drawers. From is poston mustbe able to contel the rg and oversee tne acts ote sillng orem. insruments qv hi neeatione oF the aus af equpmont and machinery, and ‘operating ono are at witinaa5) reach of he ‘ile. We va ook at moe ois ecupment when Wo consid thedillng operations nth next un Look again a figure 4 and note the eis workstation by tho braka hale The Drilling Line, Crown Block and Travelling Assembly “Then three toms in ou a of lating 2y3t 7 | > | fs ~ i € ys > Figure 21 Standpipe and Rotary Hose ‘Nt oaving the purps tha mudi piped tthe Geaseneck of tho swivel. Tha connestng Ppework conse oh prosear piping fom the ur, the standpipe and ine rotary hose. Tha Dpework must bo capable of handing irgo \oumes of mud under igh pressure bul Koop pressure losses oa minimum, “The pures escharge mud to a manifold, an assorby ot pipes ane valoe which porte Islatlon of pumps fer malterance and ropa ‘The extension ote pling nthe dori consists of verical pipe femiy clamped othe conic. Tho Pipe Is knoun ate stand. From the po the standipe the mudi pasado ‘ho eu. Dung normal ing eperetons the snivl wile siowly moving down whe the Slandpe go cutee satay. This moans tht the eonnacon between tha wa mustbe fxile The rotary hose provides his exe nk. you look bak figure 2, you can see the ‘olabonhip between the pumps, standpipe and ‘olay ose inte eating syetom, In my Isto he components the ereulaing sistem he savl came nex. However ae have ‘akeady described ie swivel as arto he olatirg ‘chasm, we wl maw on to the folowing Carpanen, he shale shake. Shale Shaker Before looking a tis ter, hin again about the patho the md ar the sire. tis avelng, own tough the holon kl, the allow el ie and cols and ut tisough the jt nozzes nthe bi From ee itis going ta reura othe srt va the annulus and ow note seling pt. Cn ts rtumn journey om the bottom a the Hoe, tna mad will b> eating rx eres cut bythe bik Boor tho mud ean bo pumped back down te oo, thoes cutings mat ba rome bythe shale shaker ‘The shale seker whic estou in gure 222 ‘mounted above arid tthe rear endothe cotting Bit consis of siping, wre mesh eeraen ‘wich rage fo vat Mud raluning trom he hole ows through a pipe and passes over he fergen, The iguld mud fas tough te sre0n and ino he seting tank. Largorpaicis aro ‘rapped onthe screen om whore hay re shaken ‘0 he botom edge obo colectod for der Figure 22 Fino partes of sand and ait however wil ss ‘tveugh he shale shaker. These must be removed In spocaldocsndersor deste. We vil ock at. some ofthis oqu pment now in tha ial pat fis ‘hreulating sytem ston, 2st ‘Mud Conditioning Equipment ‘The properties of he ud must be vary carey carlin ardor tat ean do od propery. ‘Chemicals may beaded as wo havo soon ‘reagy. Unwanted substancos such as sand and ‘itor sometimes gee, may nav to be removed, Hydrocyclones ae usad as desanders anc

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