April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
From 22 May 2023 to 27 May 2023

For all competitive Exams

Bank (Po & clerk), IB ACIO, NDA, CDS, SSC (CGL, MTS, CHSL), MBA, Hotel Management, MCA, UPSC,
B. Ed and other competitive exams.

© PUBLISHERS

No part of this publication may be re-produced, stored in a retrieval system or distributed in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, web or otherwise
without the written permission of the publisher. I have obtained all the information in this book
from the sources believed to be reliable and true. However, authors or illustrators don’t take any
responsibility for the absolute accuracy of any information published and the damages or loss
suffered there upon.

Contact No: 7722987077

Email id: Support@englishmadhyam.in
Telegram: English Madhyam
Website: www.englishmadhyam.in

Note: Reading Daily editorials are more important than mugging up vocabulary. So, Must
Read editorial on daily basis, which is the best way to cover comprehensive English Subject
ranging from vocabulary to reading skill

English Madhyam 1
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

Table of Contents
Part - A
The Hindu Editorial – A change for the better (22 May 2023) ............................................................................. 4
The Hindu – Judging jallikattu (23 May 2023) ............................................................................................................ 7
The Hindu – Solidarity for peace (24 May 2023) ..................................................................................................... 10
The Hindu – An Unclean chit (25 May 2023) ............................................................................................................. 13
Indian Express – Women's performance (26 May 2023) ..................................................................................... 17
The tribune editorial – College sans infra (27 May 2023).................................................................................... 19
Part - B
Hindustan times – In search of a pluralistic paradigm (22 May 2023) ........................................................... 22
The Pioneer–Providing affordable health services (23 May 2023).................................................................. 25
The Hindu editorial – Slow withdrawal (24 May 2023)........................................................................................ 28
The Pioneer editorial – Words are energy (25 May 2023) .................................................................................. 31
The Hindu editorial – Ties that bind (26 May 2023) .............................................................................................. 33
The Hindu editorial – After Bakhmut (27 May 2023) ............................................................................................ 36
Part - C
Indian Express – Withdrawal of Rs 2000 note (22 May 2023) .......................................................................... 40
Pioneer editorial – Effective instrument (24 May 2023) ...................................................................................... 42
Indian Express Editorial – A test of the human spirit (26 May 2023) ............................................................. 46
Indian Express Editorial – Hope on the Inflation front (27 May 2023) .......................................................... 48

English Madhyam 2
April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam 3
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu Editorial – A change for the better (22 May 2023)
1. A change for the better (phrase) –
something new making situation better
अच्छा परिवर्तन
2. Shifting (noun) – Changing, Replacing,
switching, transferring, modifying
स्थानाांर्िण
3. Conflict (noun) – Dispute, Clash,
Confrontation, Discord, Struggle वववाद
4. Judiciary (noun) – The legal system, the
Bench, Magistracy, Justice System
न्याययक प्रणाली
5. Escalation (noun) – Increase,
Intensification, Rise, Mounting,
Augmentation वद्
ृ धि
6. Regime (noun) – Administration,
Government, Authority, Management,
System शासन प्रणाली
7. Confrontation (noun) – Face-off,
Encounter, Showdown, Conflict,
Standoff सामना
8. Tenure (noun) – Term, Period of Office,
Term of office, Incumbency, Time in
office कायतकाल
9. Consideration (noun) – Deliberation,
Contemplation, Reflection, Thought,
Review ववचाि
10. Marked (adjective) – Noteworthy,
Pronounced, Significant, Conspicuous,
Evident स्पष्ट
11. Fulmination (noun) – Denunciation,
Criticism, Condemnation, Censure,
Attack यनन्दा
12. Collegium (noun) – the Chief Justice of
India along with four senior-most
Supreme Court judges recommend
appointments and transfers of judges
13. Tone down (phrasal verb) – Soften,
Mitigate, Moderate, Temper, Reduce
कम किना
14. Penchant (noun) – Liking, Fondness,
Preference, Taste, Affinity झक
ु ाव
15. Thaw (noun) – an increase in
friendliness or cordiality. ममत्रर्ा में
वद्
ृ धि
16. Frosty (adjective) – Unfriendly,
unsympathetic
17. The executive (noun) – Administration,
Government, Authority, Management,
Leadership कायतकािी
18. Vocal (adjective) – Articulate,
Expressive, Fluent, Vocal, Outspoken
बोलनेवाला
19. Criticism (noun) – Denunciation,
Condemnation, Critique, Review,
Analysis आलोचना
20. Indeed (adverb) – Certainly, Truly,
Surely, Unquestionably, Doubtless
यनश्चचर् रूप से
English Madhyam 4
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
21. Flawed (adjective) – Faulty, defective,
damaged, blemished, imperfect त्रटु टपूणत
22. Tend (to) (verb) – Incline, have a habit
of, have a tendency of, lean toward, be
disposed, be likely to झक
ु ाव होना
23. Trenchant (adjective) – Incisive,
Cutting, Pointed, Sharp, Piercing कटु
24. Befit (verb) – Suit, Become, Fit, Be
suitable for, Be appropriate for उपयुक्र्
होना
25. Portfolio (noun) – Responsibilities,
Duties, Tasks, Work, Job श्िम्मेदािी
26. Deal with (phrasal verb) – to manage
or handle a situation or person सामना
किना
27. Accuse (verb) – to say that someone
has done something wrong आिोप
लगाना
28. Anti– (prefix) – against or opposed to
ववरुद्ि
29. Instance (noun) – an occurrence or
example of something उदाहिण
30. Voice (verb) – to express or state
something aloud व्यक्र् किना
31. Make public (phrase) – to reveal or
announce something to everyone
सावतियनक किना
32. Input (noun) – information
33. Deem (verb) – to consider or judge
मानना
34. Constituency (noun) – an area whose
residents vote for a representative
यनवातचन क्षेत्र
35. Look for (phrasal verb) – to try to find
or seek something ढूांढना
36. Accommodate (verb) – to provide
space or make adjustments for
समायोिन किना
37. Due (adjective) – expected or
scheduled यनिातरिर्
38. Stint (noun) – a period of time spent
doing a certain job or activity कायतकाल
39. Observation (noun) – a statement
based on something one has seen,
heard, or noticed टटप्पणी
40. Resolution (noun) – a firm decision or
solution समािान
41. Finalisation (noun) – the act of making
a final decision about something
अांयर्मीकिण
42. Memorandum of procedure (noun) – a
detailed document describing the
procedure or method कायतवाही का
स्मिण पत्र
43. Emphasise (verb) – to give special
importance or value to something िोि
दे ना
English Madhyam 5
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
44. Moot (verb) – to suggest or introduce
an idea or proposal प्रस्र्ाववर् किना
45. Evaluation (noun) – the process of
judging or calculating the worth of
something मल
ू याांकन
46. Representative (noun) – a person
chosen or appointed to act or speak for
others प्रयर्यनधि
47. Accord (verb) – to give or grant
someone recognition or status दे ना
48. Pursue (verb) – to follow or chase with
determination अनुसिण किना
49. Impression (noun) – a feeling or
opinion about something or someone
प्रभाव
50. Absolute (adjective) – total or
complete पूणत
English Madhyam 6
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu – Judging jallikattu (23 May 2023)
1. Judge (verb) – Arbitrate, adjudicate,
adjudge, rule on, decide, यनणतय किना
2. Verdict (noun) – Judgment, decision,
resolution, pronouncement, , फ़ैसला
3. Uphold (verb) – Support, endorse, back
up, stand by, sustain, समथतन किना
4. Sentiment (noun) – Feeling, emotion,
view, belief, attitude, भावना
5. Matter (verb) – Signify, count, mean,
import, carry weight, मायने िखना
6. Inflict (verb) – Impose, administer,
deliver, force, mete out, थोपना, सजा
दे ना
7. Cruelty (noun) – Brutality, inhumanity,
savagery, ruthlessness, क्रूिर्ा
8. Judicial (adjective) – Legal, judicatory,
judicative, judiciary, न्याययक
9. Imprimatur (noun) – Endorsement,
approval, sanction, authorization,
इिाजर्
10. Upsurge (noun) – Increase, rise,
growth, escalation, upturn, वद्
ृ धि
11. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause,
bring about, give rise to, produce, विह
बनना
12. Legislative (adjective) – Lawmaking,
regulatory, statute-making, व़ैिायनक
13. Exempt (verb) – Excuse, absolve, spare,
relieve, छूट दे ना
14. Rigour (noun) – Strictness, severity,
harshness, toughness, कठोि
परिश्स्थयर्यााँ
15. Amendment (noun) – Modification,
revision, alteration, change, सांशोिन
16. Raging (adjective) – Furious, wild,
violent, vehement, उग्र
17. Endless (adjective) – Infinite, unending,
everlasting, interminable, अनन्र्
18. Conflict (noun) – Dispute,
disagreement, discord, argument, सांघर्त
19. Activist (noun) – Campaigner,
reformer, advocate, protestor, objector
कायतकर्ात
20. Proponent (noun) – Advocate,
supporter, upholder, protagonist, fan,
follower अनुयायी
21. Culminate (verb) – End, conclude,
climax, peak, चिम बबांद ु पि पहुांचना
English Madhyam 7
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
22. Argue (verb) – Debate, discuss,
dispute, contend, say, maintain र्कत-
ववर्कत किना
23. Contest (noun) – Competition, match,
tournament, challenge, प्रयर्योधगर्ा
24. Violate (verb) – Breach, break, infringe,
contravene, उललांघन किना
25. Camp (noun) – Group, faction, sector,
clique गुट
26. Contend (verb) – Argue, assert,
maintain, claim, state, र्कत किना
27. Amend (verb) – Modify, alter, change,
revise, reform, सांशोिन किना
28. Assent (noun) – Approval, agreement,
acceptance, endorsement, सहमयर्
29. Settle (verb) – Resolve, solve,
conclude, determine, यनपटाना
30. Ruling (noun) – Decision, judgement,
verdict, resolution, फ़ैसला
31. In favour of (phrase) – Supporting,
endorsing, promoting, के पक्ष में
32. Anchor (verb) – provide with a firm
basis or foundation. पि आिारिर् होना
33. Finding (noun) – Conclusion, result,
decision, judgement, यनष्कर्त
34. Potential (noun) – Ability, capability,
possibility, promise, capacity, सांभाव्य,
कायतक्षम, सामर्थयत
35. Prevalent (adjective) – Widespread,
common, general, predominant
प्रचमलर्
36. Wisdom (noun) – Insight, intelligence,
understanding, knowledge, insight
बद्
ु धि
37. Constitute (verb) – Form, compose,
represent, make-up बनाना, यनममतर्
किना
38. Hold (verb) – (of a judge or court) rule;
decide. यनणतय किना
39. Embark on (verb) – Start, commence,
begin, प्रािां भ किना
40. Dilute (verb) – Weaken, reduce, lessen,
कमिोि किना
41. Read into (phrasal verb) – to believe
that an action, remark, or situation has
a particular importance or meaning,
often when this is not true.
42. Import (noun) – great significance;
importance.
43. Defer (to) (verb) – Accede, comply,
accept, concede, bow to मान लेना,
झुकना
English Madhyam 8
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
44. Underlie (verb) – Form the basis for,
underpin, support, आिाि बनना
45. Interdict (verb) – Prohibit, forbid, ban,
embargo, exclude, proscribe प्रयर्बांि
लगाना
46. Respective (adjective) – Individual,
particular, specific, सांबांधिर्
47. Bear (verb) – Carry, support, endure,
झेलना
48. Infliction (noun) – Imposition,
enforcement, administering,
application, applying ; the action of
inflicting something unpleasant or
painful on someone or something.
सजा, दण्ड
49. Pose (verb) – Present, offer, set forth,
establish, put forward, खडा किना
(खर्िा)
50. Undeniable (adjective) – Indisputable,
unquestionable, irrefutable,
incontrovertible, unarguable, यनववतवाद
51. Hazard (noun) – Risk, danger, peril,
threat, menace, खर्िा
52. Spectator (noun) – Observer, viewer,
onlooker, witness, bystander, दशतक
53. Mandate (verb) – Authorize, decree,
command, order, dictate, आदे श दे ना
54. Gear (noun) – Equipment, apparatus,
outfit, accoutrements, kit; equipment
or apparatus that is used for a
particular purpose. साि-सामान
55. Enforce (verb) – Implement, apply,
execute, carry out, administer, लागू
किना
56. Barricade (noun) – Barrier, blockade,
obstruction, roadblock, hurdle, बािा
57. Assertion (noun) – Affirmation,
declaration, contention, claim,
proclamation, दावा
58. Kindness (noun) – Compassion,
sympathy, benevolence, gentleness,
generosity, दया
59. Adherence (to) (noun) – Observance,
compliance, following, obedience,
conformity, पालन किना
60. Norm (noun) – Standard, convention,
guideline, rule, principle, मानदां ड
61. Mutually (adverb) – Reciprocally,
mutually, collectively, cooperatively,
jointly, पािस्परिक रूप से
English Madhyam 9
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu – Solidarity for peace (24 May 2023)
1. Solidarity (noun) – Unity, harmony,
cohesion, camaraderie, unanimity
एकर्ा
2. Peace (noun) – Tranquility, serenity,
calmness, harmony, concord शाांयर्
3. G–7 (noun) – The G7 is an informal
grouping of seven of the world's
advanced economies, including
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
the United Kingdom, and the United
States, as well as the European Union.
4. Consensus (noun) – Agreement,
accord, harmony, unanimity,
concurrence सहमयर्
5. Hold (verb) – Conduct, carry out,
perform, organize, arrange आयोिन
किना
6. So-called (adjective) – Alleged,
purported, professed, self-proclaimed,
self-styled कधथर्
7. Send out (phrasal verb) – Broadcast,
disseminate, distribute, emit, release
भेिना
8. In addition to (phrase) – Besides, as
well as, in conjunction with, along with,
together with इसके अलावा
9. Symbolism (noun) – Representation,
metaphor, allegory, emblem, token
प्रर्ीक
10. Peace memorial (noun) – Tribute to
peace, Monument of peace, Marker of
peace, Peace commemoration,
Harmony tribute शाांयर् स्मािक
11. Victim (noun) – Casualty, sufferer,
injured party, harmed individual,
wounded person पीडडर्
12. Disarmament (noun) –
Demilitarization, decommissioning,
demobilization, weapons reduction,
यनिःशस ्त्रीकिण
13. Summit (noun) – Conference, meeting,
gathering, convention, congregation
मशखि सम्मेलन
14. Underline (verb) – Emphasize,
highlight, stress, accentuate,
underscore िोि दे ना
15. Sitting (adjective) – Incumbent,
current, in office, reigning, ruling
वर्तमान
16. Make a point of (phrase) – make a
special and noticeable effort to do (a
specified thing).
17. Arrival (noun) – Appearance, advent,
emergence, coming, entrance आगमन
English Madhyam 10
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
18. Enhance (verb) – Improve, augment,
boost, increase, amplify बढाना
19. Turn the spotlight on (phrase) –
Highlight, emphasize, underline, bring
to attention, focus on ध्यान केंटिर्
किना
20. Invasion (noun) – Incursion, intrusion,
infringement, assault, attack आक्रमण
21. Humanity (noun) – Humankind, the
human race, mankind, people, the
human species मानवर्ा
22. Significant (adjective) – Important,
meaningful, substantial, consequential,
considerable महत्वपूणत
23. Sanction (noun) – Penalty, punishment,
deterrent, retribution, discipline
प्रयर्बांि
24. Highlight (verb) – Emphasize,
underline, spotlight, accentuate, stress
िोि दे ना
25. Dialogue (noun) – Conversation,
discussion, discourse, interchange,
consultation सांवाद
26. Black-and-white (adjective) – Clear-
cut, straightforward, unequivocal,
categorical, plain स्पष्ट
27. Pertinent (adjective) – Relevant,
appropriate, suitable, applicable,
germane प्रासांधगक/ उधचर्
28. Reflect (verb) – Indicate, show,
demonstrate, reveal, express प्रकट
किना
29. Polarised (adjective) – Divided, split,
dichotomized, bifurcated ववभाश्िर्
30. Broaden (verb) – Expand, enlarge,
extend, widen ववस्र्ारिर् किना
31. Prism (noun) – Perspective, viewpoint,
standpoint, position दृश्ष्टकोण
32. Recognise (verb) – Acknowledge,
accept, admit, understand स्वीकाि
किना
33. Grossly (adverb) – Extremely,
excessively, overly, enormously
अत्यधिक
34. Unrepresentative (adjective) – Non-
representative, exclusive,
undemocratic अप्रयर्यनधित्वपूणत
35. Account for (phrasal verb) – Comprise,
make up, total, represent, constitute,
form बनाना, यनममतर् किना
36. Essentially (adverb) – Basically,
fundamentally, primarily, mainly मूलर्िः
37. Expand (verb) – Increase, grow,
enlarge, extend बढाना
38. Contract (verb) – Decrease, shrink,
reduce, diminish कम होना
English Madhyam 11
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
39. Expel (verb) – Oust, remove, dismiss,
eject यनकालना, बाहि किना
40. Annexation (noun) – Incorporation,
addition, attachment, acquisition
ववलय, समामेलन
41. Economies (noun) – Countries in terms
of GDP
42. Promote (verb) – Encourage, foster,
stimulate, advance बढावा दे ना
43. Transparent (adjective) – Clear, see-
through, translucent, lucid पािदशी
44. Financing (noun) – money that a
person or company borrows for a
particular purpose
45. Debt sustainability (noun) – the ability
of a country to meet its debt
obligations without requiring debt
relief or accumulating arrears.
46. Compensate (for) (verb) – Make up for,
offset, counterbalance, balance
प्रयर्पूयर्त किना
47. Global warming (noun) – a gradual
increase in the earth’s temperature
generally due to the greenhouse effect
caused by increased levels of carbon
dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.
48. Greenhouse gas emission (noun) – The
main greenhouse gases whose
concentrations are rising are carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and ozone
in the lower atmosphere.
49. Propose (verb) – Suggest, put forward,
offer, present, submit प्रस्र्ाववर् किना
50. Concrete (adjective) – Tangible, solid,
real, substantial, definite ठोस
51. Defray (verb) – Pay, cover, foot the bill,
bear the cost, fund टहसाब चक
ु ाना,
भुगर्ान किना
52. Shift the spotlight (phrase) – Draw
attention, focus attention, point up,
highlight ध्यान आकवर्तर् किना
53. Inclusive (adjective) – All-embracing,
comprehensive, encompassing,
integrated, inclusive सश्म्ममलर्
54. Outlook (noun) – Perspective,
viewpoint, attitude, stance, approach
दृश्ष्टकोण
55. Comprehensive (adjective) – Thorough,
complete, all-inclusive, exhaustive, full
ववस्र्र्
ृ
English Madhyam 12
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

The Hindu – An Unclean chit (25 May 2023)

1. Allegation (noun) – Accusation, charge, 9. Cite (verb) – Mention, refer to, make
contention, assertion, claim आिोप reference to, quote हवाला दे ना

2. Functioning (noun) – Operation, 10. Complexity (noun) – Intricacy,

working, running, performance, complication, convolutedness,
conduct कायत perplexity िटटलर्ा

3. Grant (verb) – Give, accord, bestow, 11. Unravel (verb) – Solve, resolve, clear
award, allocate प्रदान किना up, untangle, unfold सुलझाना

4. Malfeasance (noun) – Misconduct, 12. Layered (adjective) – used to describe

wrongdoing, misbehavior, crime, abuse something that is complicated and
भ्रष्टाचाि interesting because it has many
different levels or features बहुस्र्िीय
5. Stock price manipulation (noun) – It is
conduct designed to deceive investors 13. Deem (verb) – Consider, regard, view
by controlling or artificially affecting as, see as मानना
the price of securities.
14. Suspicious (adjective) – Doubtful,
6. Violation (noun) – Breach,
questionable, dubious, suspect,
infringement, contravention,
mistrustful सांटदग्ि
infraction, non-compliance उललांघन
15. Watchdog (noun) – Guardian,
7. Minimum public shareholding (noun) –
protector, defender, overseer,
The Minimum Public Shareholding
supervisor िााँचनेवाला
(MPS) rule requires all listed companies
in India to ensure that at least 25% of 16. Reprieve (noun) – Respite,
their equity shares are held by non- postponement, delay, stay,
promoters (public). This rule was
adjournment मोहलर्
implemented after the amendment of
Securities Contracts Regulation Rules 17. Findings (noun) – Results, discoveries,
by SEBI in 2010.
conclusions, observations नर्ीिे
8. Seek (verb) – Ask for , call for, demand,
18. Task (verb) – To allot task by someone
solicit on माांगना
ववशेर् कायत दे ना

English Madhyam 13
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

19. Review (verb) – Examine, inspect, 29. Contravention (noun) – Violation,

scrutinize, evaluate, assess समीक्षा breach, infringement, disobedience
उललांघन
किना

30. In relation to (phrase) – Concerning,

20. Framework (noun) – Structure, system,
regarding, with respect to, in terms of
organization, arrangement ढाांचा
सांबांि में
21. In the wake of (phrase) – Following,
31. Far from (phrase) – Not at all, hardly,
subsequent to, after, as a result of
scarcely, barely, nowhere near से दिू
परिणामस्वरूप

32. Emphatic (adjective) – Decisive,

22. Dizzying (adjective) – Bewildering,
categorical, absolute, unambiguous,
confusing, astonishing, startling चककर्
definite प्रभावी
किने वाला
33. For instance (phrase) – For example, as
23. Volatility (noun) – Unpredictability,
an example, such as, like उदाहिण के
changeability, instability, variability
मलए
अश्स्थिर्ा

34. Throw up (phrasal verb) – Produce,

24. Inspire (verb) – Motivate, stimulate,
generate, yield, give off, create उत्पन्न
encourage, influence, arouse प्रेरिर्
किना
किना

35. Result in (phrasal verb) – Lead to,

25. Expedient (adjective) – Convenient,
cause, bring about, effect
practical, advantageous, beneficial
परिणामस्वरूप होना
लाभकािी

36. Foreign portfolio investor (FPI) (noun)

26. Vital (adjective) – Crucial, essential,
necessary, indispensable महत्वपूणत
27. Deal with (phrasal verb) – Handle,
manage, cope with, attend to, tackle
– Foreign portfolio investment or FPI is
a form of investment wherein investors
hold assets and securities outside their
country.

सामना किना 37. Juxtapose (verb) – Place side by side,

set side by side, compare, contrast साथ
28. Alleged (adjective) – Supposed, so-
called, claimed, professed, purported में िखना, ममलाना
कधथर्

English Madhyam 14
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
38. Probe (noun) – Investigation,
examination, inquiry, inspection िाांच
39. Potential (adjective) – Possible, likely,
prospective, future सांभाववर्
40. Norm (noun) – Standard, rule,
guideline, convention, criterion मानदां ड
41. Underway (verb) – In progress,
happening, occurring, taking place
प्रकक्रया में
42. Compel (verb) – Force, coerce, make,
oblige मिबिू किना
43. Conclude (verb) – Decide, resolve,
determine यनष्कर्त यनकालना
44. Prima facie (noun) – On the face of it,
apparently, seemingly, ostensibly प्रथम
दृश्ष्ट में
45. Stress (verb) – Emphasize, highlight,
underline, underscore िोि दे ना
46. Time-bound (adjective) – Scheduled,
under a deadline, with a time limit
समयबद्ि
47. Flag (verb) – Signal, indicate, sign, point
out सूधचर् किना
48. Inference (noun) – Conclusion,
deduction, assumption, presumption
यनष्कर्त
49. Cautiously (adverb) – Carefully, with
care, warily, vigilantly सर्कतर्ा से
50. Hint (verb) – Suggest, imply, indicate
सांकेर् दे ना
51. Constraint (noun) – Restriction,
limitation, restraint, check बािा
52. Indeed (adverb) – In fact, truly,
certainly, unquestionably, no doubt
वास्र्व में
53. Coherent (adjective) – Logical,
consistent, clear, well-organized,
unified सुसांगर्
54. Enforcement (noun) – Implementation,
execution, application, imposition,
administration प्रवर्तन
55. Draw a blank (phrase) – Fail to produce
a result, come up empty, get nowhere,
find nothing यनष्फल होना
56. Ultimate (adjective) – Final, eventual,
conclusive, decisive, supreme अांयर्म
57. Beneficiary (noun) – Recipient,
receiver, payee, donee, inheritor
लाभाथी
58. Sizeable (adjective) – Substantial,
considerable, significant, large, hefty
काफी बडा
English Madhyam 15
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
59. Stake (noun) – Share, interest,
investment, involvement, claim
टहस्सेदािी
60. Regulator (noun) – Controller,
supervisor, overseer, authority,
administrator यनयामक
61. Tweak (verb) – Adjust, modify, fine-
tune, change, alter सांशोिन किना
62. Obfuscation (noun) – Confusion,
complication, bewilderment,
mystification, perplexity उलझन
63. Self-inflicted (adjective) – caused by
your own actions
64. Chicken and egg situation (phrase) –
Dilemma, quandary, predicament,
vicious circle; a situation in which it is
impossible to say which of two things
existed first and which caused the
other one मश्ु चकल श्स्थयर्; दवु विा
65. Capricious (adjective) – Unpredictable,
inconsistent, changeable, variable,
volatile अश्स्थि, मनमौिी
66. Legislation (noun) – Law, statute,
enactment, bill, ordinance कानन
ू
67. Diverge (verb) – Deviate, differ, drift,
stray, vary अलग होना, मभन्न होना
68. Trigger (verb) – Cause, lead to,
provoke, precipitate, generate उत्पन्न
किना
69. Mandate (noun) – Directive,
instruction, command, order, decree
आदे श
English Madhyam 16
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
Indian Express – Women's performance (26 May 2023)
1. Milestone (noun) – Achievement,
highpoint, aim, target, landmark
2. Elite (adjective) – Superior, high-class, top-
notch, exclusive, select श्रेष्ठ
3. Yield (verb) – Produce, generate, give,
provide, deliver दे ना
4. Heartening (adjective) – Encouraging,
uplifting, inspiring, reassuring, comforting
उत्साहिनक
5. Statistic (noun) – Figure, data, number,
measure, fact आांकडा
6. Recruit (noun) – Newcomer, novice,
entrant, beginner, rookie भर्ी
7. Bureaucracy (noun) – Administration,
officialdom, system, establishment,
management दफ्र्िशाही, अधिकािी-वगत
8. Unusual (adjective) – Uncommon,
atypical, out-of-the-ordinary, rare, strange
असामान्य
9. Substantive (adjective) – Significant,
meaningful, important, considerable,
major ठोस
10. Intake (noun) – Influx, entry, admission,
enrollment, incoming प्रवेश
11. Make it (phrase) – Succeed, achieve
success, accomplish, prevail, triumph
सफल होना
12. Array (noun) – Assortment, range,
collection, variety, selection मसलमसला
13. Rigorous (adjective) – Strict, severe,
stringent, exacting, tough कठोि
14. Representation (noun) – Portrayal,
depiction, image, presentation, reflection
प्रयर्यनधित्व
15. Struggle (with) (verb) – Battle, grapple,
wrestle, confront, challenge सांघर्त किना
16. Gender diversity (noun) – Gender
diversity is equitable or fair representation
of people of different genders मलांग
वववविर्ा
17. Fall to someone (phrase) – Be someone's
responsibility or duty ककसी की श्िम्मेदािी
बनना
18. Ensure (verb) – Guarantee, assure,
confirm, secure, make certain सुयनश्चचर्
किना
19. A flash in the pan (phrase) – something
that happened only once or for a short
time and was not repeated एक बाि की
चमक
English Madhyam 17
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
20. Endure (verb) – Last, continue, persist,
remain, go on चालू िहना
21. Non-discriminatory (adjective) – Fair,
impartial, unbiased, equal, just ग़ैि-
भेदभावपूणत
22. Redressal (noun) – Correction, remedy,
resolution, rectification, reparation सुिाि
23. Mechanism (noun) – Process, system,
method, procedure, technique र्ांत्र
24. Rampant (adjective) – Uncontrolled,
unchecked, unrestrained, अयनयांबत्रर्
25. Claim (verb) – Assert, state, declare,
proclaim, दावा किना
26. Revel (verb) – Delight, relish, enjoy
greatly, celebrate, खश
ु होना
27. Prestige (noun) – Status, reputation,
esteem, आदि-प्रयर्ष्ठा
28. Social mobility (noun) – Social mobility
refers to the shift in an individual's social
status from one status to another`
29. Prospect (noun) – Outlook, expectation,
possibility, hope, outlook आशा
30. Rung (noun) – Level, position, rank,
पायदान
31. Sobering (adjective) – Serious, solemn,
grave; creating a more serious, sensible, or
solemn mood. गांभीि
32. Workforce (noun) – Labour force,
workers, employees, कमतचारियों
33. Precipitously (adverb) – Steeply, sharply,
abruptly, अचानक
34. Economies (noun) – Countries in terms of
GDP
35. Hold down (phrasal verb) – Restrain,
hinder, impede, काबू में िखना
36. Patriarchy (noun) – a society in which the
oldest male is the leader of the family
वपर्स
ृ त्ता
37. Affluent (adjective) – Wealthy, rich,
prosperous, well-off, िनी
38. Abysmal (adjective) – Terrible, appalling,
dreadful, awful, appalling भयानक
39. Attain (verb) – Achieve, reach, accomplish,
get, प्राप्र् किना
40. Economic (adjective) – Financial, fiscal,
monetary, आधथतक
41. Potential (noun) – Possibility, capability,
capacity, ability, aptitude क्षमर्ा
English Madhyam 18
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The tribune editorial – College sans infra (27 May 2023)
1. Sans (preposition) – Without, lacking, के
बबना
2. Defy (verb) – Disobey, rebel, resist, flout,
disregard अवहे लना किना
3. Requisite (adjective) – Necessary,
Essential, Required, Obligatory, Mandatory
आवचयक
4. Infrastructure (noun) – Facilities,
Structure, System, Services, Framework
आिािभर्
ू सांिचना
5. In place (phrase) – Established, Set up,
Organized, Implemented, Arranged
स्थावपर्
6. Unsuspecting (adjective) – Unaware,
Innocent, Unwitting, Naive, Unprepared
अनमभज्ञ, बेख़बि
7. Enroll (verb) – Register, Sign up, Join,
Apply, Enter पांिीकृर् किना
8. Unethical (adjective) – Immoral,
Dishonest, Unprincipled, Wrong, Unfair
अऩैयर्क
9. Jeopardise (verb) – Endanger, Threaten,
Risk, Imperil, Compromise खर्िे में डालना
10. Clearance (noun) – Authorization,
Approval, Consent, Permission, Sanction
मांििू ी
11. Seem (verb) – Appear, Look, Come across
as, Give the impression प्रर्ीर् होना
12. Turn blind eye to (phrase) – Ignore,
Overlook, Disregard, Neglect, Oversee
अनदे खा किना
13. Exemplify (verb) – Demonstrate, Illustrate,
Show, Represent, Embody उदाहिण स्वरूप
होना
14. Sorry state of affair (phrase) – Unhappy
condition, Unfortunate situation, Dire
situation, Miserable condition,
Disheartening situation खेदिनक श्स्थयर्
15. Lack (verb) – Miss, Be without, Fall short,
Be deficient, Be inadequate कमी होना
16. Concluded (adjective) – Finished,
Completed, Ended, Finalized,
Accomplished समाप्र्
17. Concerned (adjective) – Involved, related,
affected, related to सांबांधिर्
18. Let (verb) – Allow, Permit, Enable, Give
permission होने दे ना
19. Prevail (verb) – Dominate, Predominate,
Overrule, Reign, Rule प्रबल होना
20. Plea (noun) – Appeal, Petition, Request,
Claim, Entreaty अपील
English Madhyam 19
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
21. Depute (verb) – Appoint, Assign,
Designate, Commission, Entrust कायतस्थान
पि यनयुक्र् किना
22. Specious (adjective) – Misleading,
Deceptive, False, Untruthful, Feigned
भ्रामक
23. Unfair (adjective) – Biased, Unjust, Partial,
Discriminatory, Prejudiced अनधु चर्
24. Deprive (of) (verb) – Dispossess, Strip,
Deny, Withhold, Remove from वांधचर् किना
25. Exhibit (verb) – Display, Show,
Demonstrate, Present, Manifest टदखाना
26. Lackadaisical (adjective) – Apathetic,
careless, lazy, lethargic, indifferent उदासीन
27. Deficiency (noun) – Shortage, lack,
scarcity, dearth, inadequacy कमी
28. Prohibit (verb) – Forbid, ban, bar, interdict,
outlaw िोकना
29. Appalling (adjective) – Horrifying, dreadful,
shocking, awful, terrible भयावह
30. Debar (verb) – Exclude, prevent, forbid,
disallow, ostracize वश्ितर् किना
31. Pupil (noun) – Student, learner, scholar,
disciple, trainee छात्र
32. Accommodate (verb) – Adapt, fit, suit,
reconcile, adjust समायोिन किना
33. Apparently (adverb) – Seemingly,
ostensibly, evidently, speciously,
superficially प्रकट रूप से
34. Grave (adjective) – Serious, severe, critical,
solemn, consequential गांभीि
35. Concern (noun) – Anxiety, worry, unease,
apprehension, fear धचांर्ा
36. Function (verb) – Operate, work, perform,
run काम किना
37. Comply (with) (verb) – Abide by, adhere
to, conform to, follow, obey का पालन किना
38. Statutory (adjective) – Legal, lawful,
constitutional, sanctioned, authorized
व़ैिायनक
39. Corrective (adjective) – Remedial,
restorative, curative, rectifying सुिािात्मक
40. Must (noun) – Requirement, necessity,
essential, prerequisite, need जरूिर्
English Madhyam 20
April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam 21
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
Hindustan times – In search of a pluralistic paradigm (22 May 2023)
1. Pluralistic (adjective) – Varied, mixed,
diverse, pluralist, multicultural बहुलवादी
2. Paradigm (noun) – Model, framework,
archetype, pattern, standard आदशत
3. Hermeneutical (adjective) – Interpretative,
explanatory, expository, elucidative,
exegetical व्याख्यात्मक
4. At the heart of (phrase) – Central to, crucial
to, pivotal to, core of, essence of के केंि में
5. Assemble (verb) – Gather, convene,
congregate, collect, muster इकट्ठा किना
6. Resemble (verb) – Mirror, echo, mimic,
match, imitate समान होना
7. Framework (noun) – Structure, scheme,
system, organization, arrangement ढाांचा
8. Sustainable development (noun) – Balanced
growth, eco-friendly development, long-
term progress, green development,
responsible development सर्र् ववकास
9. UNESCO (noun) – The United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization is a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting
world peace and security through
international cooperation in education, arts,
sciences and culture.
10. Realisation (noun) – Awareness,
understanding, comprehension, recognition,
acknowledgment समझ
11. Seamlessly (adverb) – Smoothly, flawlessly,
without interruption, continuously,
uninterruptedly सहिर्ा से
12. Hold up (phrasal verb) – Support, uphold,
sustain, maintain, preserve समथतन किना
13. Multiplicity (noun) – Variety, diversity,
multitude, abundance, plenty बहुलर्ा
14. Perspective (noun) – Viewpoint, point of
view, outlook, angle, stance परिप्रेक्ष्य
15. Treasure (verb) – Value, cherish, appreciate,
esteem, prize सांिोना
16. Notion (noun) – Idea, concept, belief,
opinion, view िािणा
17. Assimilation (noun) – Integration,
incorporation, absorption, inclusion,
amalgamation समाहाि
18. Diverse (adjective) – Different, various,
assorted, myriad, sundry ववववि
19. Characterise (verb) – Describe, define,
portray, depict, represent वणतन किना
20. Indic (adjective) – Of or relating to Indian
भािर्ीय
21. Time immemorial (phrase) – From the
distant past, for a very long time, age-old,
ancient, from time out of mind अनाटद काल से
22. Theme (noun) – Topic, subject, concept,
motif, idea ववर्य
English Madhyam 22
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
23. Synthesis (noun) – Combination,
amalgamation, integration, union, fusion
सांगर्न
24. Aspect (noun) – Facet, feature, component,
element, detail पहलू
25. Turbulent (adjective) – Unsettled, unstable,
tumultuous, chaotic, disorderly अशाांर्
26. Upanishadic (adjective) – Vedantic,
scriptural, spiritual, philosophical, doctrinal
उपयनर्दीय
27. Lay down (phrasal verb) – Establish, dictate,
set, prescribe, impose यनिातरिर् किना
28. Spiritual (adjective) – Religious, holy, sacred,
divine, celestial आध्याश्त्मक
29. Aspiration (noun) – Ambition, aim, goal,
desire, pursuit महत्वाकाांक्षा
30. Governing (adjective) – Leading, ruling,
controlling, commanding, overseeing शासन
31. Core (noun) – Heart, center, essence,
nucleus, crux केंि
32. Give rise to (phrase) – Cause, lead to, bring
about, generate, produce उत्पन्न किना
33. Manifold (adjective) – Multiple, various,
numerous, diverse, many बहुर्िह के
34. Approach (verb) – Reach, advance, near,
proceed, draw closer पहुांचना
35. The Eternal (noun) – The infinite, the
everlasting, the perpetual, the timeless, the
undying- अनन्र्
36. Invoke (verb) – Call on, appeal to, summon,
entreat, implore; use, employ, utilise
पुकािना; इस्र्ेमाल किना
37. The Elan Vital (noun) – Life force, vital force,
spirit, essence, animating principle िीवन
शश्क्र्
38. Thrust (noun) – Drive, force, impetus, push,
momentum िक्का
39. Pilgrimage (noun) – Holy journey, hajj,
spiritual journey, mission, religious
expedition र्ीथतयात्रा
40. Circumscribe (verb) – Restrict, limit, confine,
bound, enclose परिसीममर् किना
41. Philosophical (adjective) – Thoughtful,
reflective, contemplative, introspective,
meditative दाशतयनक
42. Debate (noun) – Discussion, argument,
dialogue, discourse, deliberation वववाद
43. Thereby (adverb) – Consequently, as a
result, thus, hence, therefore श्िसके चलर्े
44. Overturn (verb) – Overthrow, reverse,
revoke, nullify, invalidate उलट दे ना
45. Epistemological (adjective) – Knowledge-
related, cognitive, informational, theoretical,
philosophical ज्ञान सांबांिी
46. Enrich (verb) – Enhance, improve, augment,
amplify, boost बढाना
47. Rationale (noun) – Reasoning, basis, logic,
grounds, justification र्कत
English Madhyam 23
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

48. Phenomenon (noun) – Event, occurrence, 54. Perspective (noun) – Viewpoint, standpoint,
incident, happening, fact घटना position, angle दृश्ष्टकोण

49. Driving force (noun) – Motivation, stimulus, 55. Evolutionary (adjective) – Progressive,
impetus, spur, inspiration प्रेिणा developing, advancing, growing ववकासात्मक

50. Mutual (adjective) – Reciprocal, shared, 56. Consciousness (noun) – Awareness,

joint, common, collective पािस्परिक perception, realization, cognition चेर्ना

51. Intellectual (adjective) – Academic, 57. Aspiration (noun) – Ambition, goal, aim,
scholarly, learned, erudite, cultured बौद्धिक objective आकाांक्षा

52. Dimension (noun) – Aspect, facet, side, 58. Transform (verb) – Change, alter, modify,
element, feature आयाम convert परिवयर्तर् किना

53. Stem from (phrasal verb) – Originate from, 59. Aesthetic (noun) – Beauty, attractiveness,
arise from, derive from, evolve from से elegance, style सौंदयत
उत्पन्न होना

English Madhyam 24
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

The Pioneer–Providing affordable health services (23 May 2023)

1. Affordable (adjective) – Reasonable, 11. Irrespective of (phrase) – Regardless

inexpensive, cheap, reasonably priced of, notwithstanding, despite, no
सस्र्ी matter, की पिवाह ककए बबना

2. Envisage (verb) – Foresee, anticipate, 12. Presidency (noun) – Administration,

predict, expect, envisage सोचना, regime, tenure, term अध्यक्षर्ा
कलपना किना
13. Address (verb) – Deal with, tackle,
3. Promote (verb) – Encourage, foster, confront, approach यनपटना
stimulate, boost बढावा दे ना
14. Disparity (noun) – Inequality,
4. Pharmaceutical (noun) – Medicine, imbalance, unevenness, gap असमानर्ा
drug, remedy, medication और्धि
15. Advocate (verb) – Support, back,
5. Centres of excellence (noun) – a place uphold, endorse समथतन किना
where the highest standards are
16. Holistic (adjective) – Comprehensive,
maintained. उत्कृष्टर्ा केंि
total, all-inclusive, integrated समग्र
6. Hazard (noun) – Risk, danger, peril,
17. Wellbeing (noun) – Health, welfare,
threat खर्िा
wellness, comfort स्वास्र्थय/ भलाई
7. Exacerbate (verb) – Worsen, aggravate,
18. Resonate (verb) – Echo, reverberate,
intensify, amplify बढाना
ring, resound गूांिना
8. Essential (adjective) – Vital, crucial,
19. Emergency (noun) – Crisis, urgency,
necessary, important आवचयक
exigency, emergency आपार्कालीन
9. Accessible (adjective) – Available, श्स्थयर्
reachable, obtainable, accessible पहुांच
20. Preparedness (noun) – Readiness,
योग्य
preparation, fitness, preparedness
10. Equitably (adverb) – Fairly, justly, ऱ्ैयािी
impartially, equitably समान रूप से

English Madhyam 25
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
21. Comprehensively (adverb) –
Thoroughly, completely, fully,
extensively व्यापक रूप से
22. Worrisome (adjective) – Disturbing,
disconcerting, troubling, unsettling
धचांर्ािनक
23. Owing to (phrase) – Because of, due to,
as a result of के कािण
24. Put out (phrasal verb) – Publish,
release, circulate, disseminate,
broadcast प्रकामशर् किना
25. Self-reliant (adjective) – Independent,
self-sufficient, self-standing, self-
supporting, self-sustained स्वावलांबी
26. Pledge (noun) – Promise, oath, vow,
commitment प्रयर्ज्ञा
27. Augur (verb) – Foretell, predict,
prophesy, indicate भववष्यवाणी किना
28. Domain (noun) – Field, area, sector,
realm क्षेत्र
29. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore, in
addition, also, besides इसके अलावा
30. Leverage (verb) – Utilize, use, exploit,
capitalize on उपयोग किना
31. Accreditation (noun) – Certification,
endorsement, approval, sanction
मान्यर्ा
32. Address (verb) – Deal with, tackle,
confront, handle यनपटना, सामना किना
33. Disparity (noun) – Inequality,
difference, imbalance, gap असमानर्ा
34. Attribute (noun) – Characteristic, trait,
feature, quality ववशेर्र्ा
35. Comprehensive (adjective) – Thorough,
complete, exhaustive, inclusive व्यापक
36. Integrative (adjective) – Unifying,
combining, amalgamating,
incorporating समाटहर् किनेवाला
37. Recognise (verb) – Identify,
acknowledge, accept, admit मानना
38. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause,
bring about, give rise to, विह बनना
39. Humongous (adjective) – Huge,
enormous, massive, gigantic ववशाल
40. Agenda (noun) – Plan, schedule,
program, itinerary कायतसूची
41. Preparedness (noun) – Readiness,
alertness, readiness to respond ऱ्ैयािी
42. Meet (verb) – encounter or experience
(a particular situation or attitude).
सामना किना
43. Propose (verb) – Suggest, offer, put
forward प्रस्र्ाववर् किना
English Madhyam 26
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

44. Establish (verb) – Set up, start, begin,
initiate स्थावपर् किना
45. Eliminate (verb) – Remove, get rid of,
eradicate हटाना
46. Sickle Cell Anaemia (noun) – A group
of disorders that cause red blood cells
to become misshapen and break down,
with severe and chronic health
consequences मसकल सेल एनीममया
47. Entail (verb) – Involve, necessitate,
require, demand, call for शाममल किना
54. Allocation (noun) – Distribution,
allotment, assignment, provision
आवांटन
55. Emphasize (verb) – Highlight, stress,
accentuate, underscore िोि दे ना
56. Broaden (verb) – Expand, enlarge,
extend, widen ववस्र्ाि किना
57. Simultaneously (adverb) –
Concurrently, at the same time,
together, simultaneously समानाांर्ि रूप
से

48. Universal (adjective) – General,

58. Framework (noun) – Structure, system,
widespread, common, global,
organization, scheme ढाांचा
worldwide सावतभौममक
59. Architecture (noun) – Design,
49. Screening (noun) – Examination,
structure, composition, construction
inspection, check, assessment िाांच
सांिचना

50. Collaborative (adjective) –

60. Envisage (verb) – Foresee, predict,
Cooperative, coordinated, collective,
anticipate, envision कलपना किना
joint सहयोगी
61. Equip (verb) – Prepare, ready, set up,
51. Pronounce (verb) – Declare, announce,
outfit उपकिण प्रदान किना
proclaim, state घोवर्र् किना
62. Robust (adjective) – Strong, sturdy,
52. Integrate (verb) – Merge, combine,
durable, resilient मिबूर्
amalgamate, unify एकीकृर् किना
63. Come into existence (noun) – Emerge,
53. Ecosystem (noun) – Environment,
appear, arise, develop, materialize
habitat, biosphere, surroundings
अश्स्र्त्व में आना
पारिश्स्थयर्की र्ांत्र

English Madhyam 27
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu editorial – Slow withdrawal (24 May 2023)
1. Deadline (noun) – Limit, time limit, cut-off-
date, समयसीमा
2. Gradually (adverb) – Slowly, progressively,
regularly, increasingly, steadily िीिे िीिे
3. Withdrawal (noun) – Retraction, removal,
extraction, pullback, recall यनकासी
4. Circulation (noun) – Distribution,
dissemination, spreading, diffusion,
transmission मुिाचलन
5. Economically (adverb) – Frugally,
efficiently, conservatively, thriftily,
sparingly आधथतक रूप से
6. Deleterious (adjective) – Harmful,
injurious, detrimental, damaging, ruinous
हायनकािक
7. Demonetisation (noun) – the process in
which the old notes and coins being used
for a currency in an economy is replaced
by new ones ववमुिीकिण
8. Trigger (verb) – Initiate, cause, spark off,
set off, incite उत्पन्न किना
9. Déjà vu ( noun) – a feeling that one has
seen or heard something before ऐसा
अहसास कक ककसी ने पहले कुछ दे खा या सुना ह़ै
10. Abruptly (adverb) – Suddenly,
unexpectedly, precipitously, hastily,
promptly अचानक
11. Rescind (verb) – Cancel, revoke, repeal,
retract, nullify िद्द किना
12. Legal tender (noun) – money, especially a
particular coin or banknote, which is
officially part of a country's currency at a
particular time
13. Ostensibly (adverb) – Apparently,
seemingly, on the surface, to all
appearances, presumably प्रकट रूप से
14. Combat (verb) – Fight, battle, confront,
contest, oppose लडना
15. Assert (verb) – Declare, affirm, state,
claim, maintain दावा किना
16. Move (noun) – Action, step, initiative,
measure, maneuver कदम
17. In pursuance of (phrase) – In the process
of achieving, following, seeking, in
accordance with के अनस
ु ाि
18. Alter (verb) – Change, modify, adjust, vary,
transform परिवर्तन किना
19. Thereby (adverb) – Consequently, as a
result, hence, thus, therefore इस प्रकाि,
श्िसके चलर्े
20. Wage (noun) – Salary, pay, earnings,
income, remuneration वेर्न
English Madhyam 28
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

21. Given (preposition) – Considering, taking 33. Life-span (noun) – Duration, length of life,
into account, in view of, bearing in mind, lifetime, existence आयु
granting दे खर्े हुए
34. Bills (noun) – Notes, currency, cash,
22. Acknowledge (verb) – Recognize, accept, money, banknotes नोट
admit, concede, confirm स्वीकाि किना
35. For instance (phrase) – For example, as an
23. Rationale (noun) – Reason, basis, example, such as, like उदाहिण के मलए
justification, explanation, logic कािण,
36. Prior (to) (preposition) – Before,
मल
ू ािाि
preceding, earlier than, ahead of पहले
24. State (verb) – Declare, announce,
37. Decade (noun) – Ten years, ten-year
proclaim, express, assert कहना, प्रकट किना
period दशक
25. Expeditious (adjective) – Quick, swift,
38. Reasoning (noun) – Thinking, thought
rapid, prompt, fast र्ेज/िलदी से
process, logic, rationality र्कत
26. Following (preposition) – After,
39. Retain (verb) – Keep, maintain, preserve,
subsequent to, succeeding, in the wake of,
hold on to बनाए िखना
post के बाद
40. Deem (verb) – Consider, regard as, view as,
27. Denomination (noun) – Type of currency
see as मानना
28. Adequately (adverb) – Sufficiently,
suitably, satisfactorily, appropriately 41. Mandate (noun) – Authority, directive,
पयातप्र् रूप से command, instruction, order आदे श

29. Obviate (verb) – Prevent, avoid, avert,
stave off, preclude िोकना, टालना
30. Contend (verb) – Argue, assert, maintain,
insist, claim दावा किना
31. Seek (verb) – try, attempt, endeavour,
प्रयास किना
32. Estimated (adjective) – Approximated,
calculated, projected, predicted, expected
अनुमायनर्
42. Transparency (noun) – Clarity, openness,
honesty, accountability, clearness
पािदमशतर्ा
43. Administrative (adjective) – Managerial,
executive, organizational, supervisory,
bureaucratic प्रशासयनक
44. Flip-flops (noun) – Reversal, U-turn, volte-
face, about-face, backtracking पलटाव

English Madhyam 29
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

45. Enhance (verb) – Improve, amplify, 47. Face value (noun) – the value printed or
augment, boost, elevate बढाना depicted on a coin, banknote, postage
stamp, ticket, etc., especially when less
46. Pay the bearer (noun) – it means the giver than the actual value. अांककर् मूलय
of currency note promise to
receiver(bearer) of that note to give
money mentioned on that currency note.

English Madhyam 30
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

The Pioneer editorial – Words are energy (25 May 2023)

1. Cautiously (adverb) – Carefully, watchfully, 12. Communicate (verb) – Convey, transmit,

thoughtfully, vigilantly, gingerly साविानी से impart, disseminate, relay कहना

2. Hammer (noun) – Mallet, gavel, maul,
pestle, sledgehammer हथौडा
3. Swing around (phrasal verb) – To spin or
turn rapidly around in the opposite
direction. बदलना, मुडना
13. Conduct (verb) – Manage, administer,
orchestrate, oversee, carry out आचिण
किना
14. Discipline (verb) – Train, instruct, drill,
coach, guide अनुशामसर् किना

4. Recklessly (adverb) – Carelessly,

heedlessly, rashly, haphazardly, impulsively
लापिवाही से
5. Stuff (noun) – Material, substance, items,
goods, things सामग्री
6. Worthwhile (adjective) – Valuable,
beneficial, meaningful, substantial,
rewarding साथतक
7. Knowing (noun) – Awareness,
comprehension, understanding,
knowledge, cognition िानकािी
8. Willing (noun) – Eagerness, readiness,
preparedness, inclination, desire इच्छा
9. Harsh (adjective) – Cruel, severe, brutal,
stern, tough कठोि
10. Kind (adjective) – Gentle, considerate,
compassionate, benevolent, caring दयालु
11. Shower (verb) – Bestow, pour, lavish,
grant, heap बिसाना
15. Convince (verb) – Persuade, assure, satisfy,
reassure, influence मनाना
16. Aspect (noun) – Facet, feature, element,
component, part पहलु
17. Enormous (adjective) – Huge, massive,
gigantic, colossal, vast ववशाल
18. Weight (noun) – Importance, significance,
influence, sway, heft महत्व
19. Humiliated (adjective) – Embarrassed,
shamed, abashed, degraded, demeaned
अपमायनर्
20. Give out (phrasal verb) – Emit, release,
radiate, exude, ooze बाहि यनकलना
21. Evoke (verb) – Elicit, induce, provoke,
spark, incite प़ैदा किना
22. Set the tone for (phrase) – Establish the
mood for, determine the atmosphere for,
give direction to यनिातरिर् किना

English Madhyam 31
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

23. Back-and-forth (adjective) – Reciprocal, 33. Thought (noun) – Idea, Reflection,

mutual, shared, joint, common आदान- Consideration, View, Belief ववचाि
प्रदान
34. Concrete (adjective) – Tangible, Real, Solid,
24. Abundance (noun) – Plenty, affluence, Substantial, Material ठोस
wealth, copiousness, profusion प्रचिु र्ा
35. Spark (verb) – Ignite, Trigger, Stimulate,
25. Break down (phrasal verb) – Destroy, Provoke, Inspire प़ैदा किना
knock down, smash down, र्ोडना
36. Curiosity (noun) – Interest, Inquisitiveness,
26. Appreciate (verb) – Recognize, Value, Wonder, Fascination, Eagerness श्िज्ञासा
Respect, Cherish, Praise प्रशांसा किना
37. Front (noun) – a particular situation or
27. Hamper (verb) – Obstruct, Hinder, Block, sphere of operation मोचे/ पहलू
Restrain, Impede बािा डालना
38. Inspire (verb) – Motivate, Encourage,
28. Context (noun) – Background, Stimulate, Influence, Instigate प्रेरिर् किना
Circumstances, Situation, Framework,
39. Fight-or-flight response (noun) – an
Setting सांदभत
automatic physiological reaction to an
event that is perceived as stressful or
29. Outlook (noun) – Perspective, Attitude,
frightening. लडने या भागने की प्रयर्कक्रया
Viewpoint, Mindset, Approach दृश्ष्टकोण

40. Sense (verb) – Perceive, Feel, Detect,

30. Strive (verb) – Endeavor, Struggle, Work
Recognize, Discern महसूस किना
hard, Aim, Seek प्रयास किना

41. Discrepancy (noun) – Disagreement,

31. Cast spells (phrase) – Enchant, Bewitch,
Difference, Inconsistency, Divergence,
Enthrall, Captivate, Mesmerize मांत्र मग्ु ि
Variation असांगयर्
किना
42. Strive (noun) – Striving, Endeavour, Effort,
32. Transform (verb) – Change, Alter, Modify,
Aim, Pursuit प्रयास
Revolutionize, Convert परिवर्तन किना

English Madhyam 32
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu editorial – Ties that bind (26 May 2023)
1. Ties (noun) – Bond, connection, relation,
link, join सांबांि
2. Bind (verb) – Connect, link, tie, attach,
fasten बााँिना
3. Add to (phrasal verb) – Enhance, augment,
increase, raise, amplify बढाना
4. Bipartisan (adjective) – Cross-party, two-
party, dual-party द्ववपक्षीय
5. Strength (noun) – Might, power, potency,
vigor, force शश्क्र्
6. Bond (noun) – Affinity, association,
alliance, attachment, liaison सम्बांि
7. Coincide (with) (verb) – Sync, match,
correspond, concur, parallel साथ मेल खाना
8. Fillip (noun) – Boost, uplift, stimulation,
encouragement, impetus प्रोत्साहन
9. Multilateral (adjective) – Multiple-sided,
many-sided, multi-party बहुपक्षीय
10. Quad (noun) – QUAD Group is an informal
strategic forum comprising India, Japan,
Australia and the United States of America.
11. Transform (verb) – Alter, modify, change,
convert, revamp बदलना
12. Bilateral (adjective) – Two-sided,
reciprocal, mutual द्ववपक्षीय
13. Pull out (phrasal verb) – Withdraw,
remove, retreat, depart, extract हटना
14. Constraint (noun) – Restriction, limitation,
restraint, impediment बािा
15. Follow suit (phrase) – Imitate, mimic, copy,
emulate दस
ू िे का अनुसिण किना
16. Shortened (adjective) – Reduced,
truncated, abridged, diminished, curtailed
सांक्षक्षप्र्
17. As a result (phrase) – Consequently,
therefore, thus, hence नर्ीिर्न
18. Sojourn (noun) – a temporary stay/visit
दौिा
19. In the spotlight (phrase) – Under scrutiny,
in focus, under observation, in the
limelight सर्ु खतयों में
20. Address (noun) – Speech, discourse, talk,
oration, presentation भार्ण
21. Consulate (noun) – Embassy, diplomatic
office, legation दर्
ू ावास
22. Migration (noun) – Relocation, movement,
shift, transfer प्रवासन
23. Mobility (noun) – the ability to move or be
moved freely and easily गयर्शीलर्ा
English Madhyam 33
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
24. Critical (adjective) – Crucial, vital, essential,
pivotal, important महत्वपण
ू त
25. Substantive (adjective) – Significant,
considerable, major, substantial, weighty
ठोस
26. Agenda (noun) – Schedule, program,
itinerary, plan, docket कायतसच
ू ी
27. Comprehensive Economic Cooperation
Agreement (CECA) (noun) – The aim of the
agreement is to enhance economic and
social benefits, improve living standards
and ensure high and steady growth in real
incomes in their respective territories by
expansion of trade and investment flows,
to promote economics development and
to promote investment between Malaysia
and India.
28. Differing (adjective) – Contrasting, varying,
divergent, disparate, dissimilar अलग-अलग
29. Stance (noun) – Position, viewpoint,
attitude, stand, perspective रुख
30. Invasion (noun) – Incursion, intrusion,
onslaught, aggression, infringement
आक्रमण
31. Sanction (noun) – Restriction, penalty,
ban, punishment, injunction, measure
प्रयर्बांि
32. Maintain (verb) – Preserve, uphold,
sustain, keep, continue बनाए िखना
33. Indo-Pacific (noun) – The Indo-Pacific
region is one of the most populous and
economically active regions of the world
which includes four continents: Asia,
Africa, Australia and America
34. Deal with (phrasal verb) – Handle,
manage, cope with, tackle, confront सामना
किना
35. Concern (noun) – Worry, anxiety, unease,
apprehension, distress धचांर्ा
36. Overshadow (verb) – appear more
prominent or important than. प्रमुख होना
37. Exult (verb) – Rejoice, celebrate, delight,
revel, be elated बहुर् प्रसन्न होना
38. Mammoth (adjective) – Massive, huge,
gigantic, colossal, enormous ववशाल
39. Subsequent (adjective) – Following,
succeeding, later, ensuing, next बाद का,
अगला
40. Conflict (noun) – Dispute, disagreement,
clash, confrontation, strife सांघर्त
41. Trace back to (phrase) – Originate from,
stem from, arise from, derive from, spring
from उत्पवत्त होना
42. Vandalism (noun) – Defacement,
destruction, damage, defiling, desecration
बबतिर्ा
English Madhyam 34
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
43. Deface (verb) – Mar, ruin, damage, spoil,
disfigure बबगाडना
44. Pro–(prefix) – In favor of, supportive of,
endorsing, advocating, backing समथतन
किनेवाला
45. Graffiti (noun) – writing or drawings
scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on
a wall or other surface in a public place.
दीवाि मलखावट
46. Valid (adjective) – Legitimate, lawful, legal,
rightful, valid मान्य
47. By no means (phrase) – Not at all, certainly
not, in no way, not by any means ककसी भी
र्िह से नहीां
48. Conducive (to) (adjective) – Favorable,
beneficial, advantageous, helpful,
supportive सहायक
49. Strength (verb) – Reinforce, fortify,
bolster, toughen, harden मिबर्
ू किना
50. Diaspora (noun) – Expatriates, emigrants,
expats, immigrants, displaced people
प्रवासी
English Madhyam 35
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
The Hindu editorial – After Bakhmut (27 May 2023)
1. Phase (noun) – Stage, point, segment,
period, rung, चिण
2. Seem (verb) – Appear, look, give the
impression, strike as, come across as,
लगना
3. Determined (adjective) – Resolute,
firm, unyielding, persistent, steadfast,
दृढयनचचयी
4. Revolutionary (noun) – Insurgent,
rebel, radical, revolutionary, agitator,
क्राांयर्कािी
5. Clinch (verb) – Secure, finalize, confirm,
seal, decide, सुयनश्चचर् किना
6. Decisive (adjective) – Conclusive,
definitive, determinative, deciding,
final, यनणातयक
7. Victory (noun) – Triumph, win, success,
conquest, achievement, वविय
8. Trajectory (noun) – Path, route, course,
track, direction, पथ
9. Territorial (adjective) – Geographical,
regional, zonal, sectorial, local, क्षेत्रीय
10. Neighbouring (adjective) – Adjacent,
adjoining, contiguous, nearby, close,
पडोसी
11. Claim (verb) – Assert, state, declare,
affirm, contend, दावा किना
12. Troop (noun) – Squad, unit, crew,
team, group, सेना
13. Defend (verb) – Protect, guard,
safeguard, shield, secure, बचाव किना
14. Advance (on) (verb) – Proceed,
progress, move forward, march,
approach, आगे बढना
15. Flank (noun) – Side, wing, edge,
border, margin, ककनािा
16. Admit (verb) – Acknowledge, confess,
concede, accept, grant, स्वीकाि किना
17. Invade (verb) – Attack, assault, raid,
intrude, penetrate, आक्रमण किना
18. Much-needed (adjective) – Essential,
vital, necessary, crucial, imperative,
अत्यावचयक
19. Setback (noun) – failure, obstacle,
hindrance, barrier, impediment,
नाकामयाबी
20. Beat back (phrase) – Repel, drive back,
push back, fend off, ward off, वापस
िकेलना
English Madhyam 36
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
21. Potentially (adverb) – Possibly,
conceivably, feasibly, perhaps, maybe,
सांभवर्िः
22. Counteroffensive (noun) –
Counterattack, reprisal, retaliation,
response, reply, िवाबी काित वाई
23. The end of the road (phrase) – Final
stage, ultimate, climax, culmination,
termination, अांयर्म चिण
24. Thrust (noun) – move or advance
forcibly. हमला, आक्रमण
25. Meet (verb) – Fulfil, satisfy, match,
comply with, live up to, पूिा किना
26. War of attrition (noun) – a prolonged
period of conflict during which each
side seeks to gradually wear down the
other by a series of small-scale actions.
लांबी अवधि का सांघर्त
27. Tactic (noun) – Strategy, plan,
approach, method, manoeuvre,
िणनीयर्
28. Coordination (noun) – Cooperation,
collaboration, organization,
synchronization, arrangement, समन्वय
29. Mobilised (adjective) – (of a country or
its government) prepare and organize
(troops) for active service िट
ु ाए
30. Fortification (noun) – Defence,
protection, stronghold, barricade,
reinforcement, सिु क्षा का बांदोबस्र्
31. Frontline (noun) – Forefront, vanguard,
cutting edge, first line, advance guard,
सम्मुख िे खा
32. Undergo (verb) – Experience, endure,
face, suffer, go through, से गुजिना
33. Supposed (to) (adjective) – Expected,
intended, presumed, assumed,
planned, माना िार्ा ह़ै
34. Reveal (verb) – Disclose, unveil,
expose, divulge, make known, प्रकट
किना
35. Thanks to (phrase) – Due to, because
of, owing to, as a result of, के कािण
36. The West (noun) – Western countries,
developed nations, the occident, the
first world, पश्चचमी दे श
37. Carry out (phrasal verb) – Execute,
implement, perform, accomplish,
conduct, कायातश्न्वर् किना
38. Drone (noun) – a remote-controlled
pilotless aircraft or small flying device.,
ड्रोन
39. Saboteur (noun) – Wrecker, vandal,
disrupter, destroyer; a person who
engages in sabotage र्ोडफोड किने वाला
English Madhyam 37
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
40. Advanced (adjective) – Progressive,
developed, sophisticated, high-tech,
advanced-level, ववकमसर्
41. Weaponry (noun) – Arms, weapons,
ordnance, armaments, munitions,
हधथयाि
42. Disruption (noun) – Interruption,
disturbance, disorder, chaos, व्यविान
43. Regain (verb) – Recover, retrieve,
reclaim, recapture, कफि से प्राप्र् किना
44. Territory (noun) – Area, region,
province, district, sector, क्षेत्र
45. Capitalise (on) (verb) – Take advantage
of, exploit, benefit from, gain from,
फायदा उठाना
46. Momentum (noun) – Impetus, force,
thrust, drive, गयर्
47. Peace (noun) – Harmony, tranquility,
calm, peace of mind, शाांयर्
48. On the horizon (phrase) –
Approaching, forthcoming, upcoming,
imminent, near future, यनकट भववष्य में
English Madhyam 38
April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam 39
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

Indian Express – Withdrawal of Rs 2000 note (22 May 2023)

1. Revive (verb) – Renew, restore, restart, 11. Claim (noun) – Assertion, contention,
stimulate, reawaken पुनििीववर् किना declaration, statement, allegation दावा

2. Echo (noun) – Resonance, 12. Strike (noun) – Attack, offensive, hit,

reverberation, reflection, repetition, raid, assault हमला
reiteration गूांि
13. Perspective (noun) – Viewpoint,
3. Denomination (noun) – Value, money, standpoint, position, stance, approach
coinage, penny मूलयवगत दृश्ष्टकोण

4. Noticeable (adjective) – Perceptible, 14. Disposal (noun) – Removal, clearance,

visible, clear, discernible, distinct ध्यान elimination, riddance, eradication
दे ने योग्य यनपटान

5. Departure (noun) – Deviation, 15. Soiled (adjective) – Dirty, grimy, filthy,

divergence, difference, shift, change mucky, stained सडे-गले
ववचलन
16. Steadily (adverb) – Constantly,
6. Demonetisation (noun) – The process continuously, persistently,
of eliminating the lawful acceptance unswervingly, steadily श्स्थिर्ा से
status of a monetary unit ववमुिीकिण
17. In effect (phrase) – Essentially,
7. Legal tender (noun) – a form of money basically, practically, in essence,
that courts of law are required to fundamentally वास्र्व में
recognize as satisfactory payment for
18. Account for (phrasal verb) – comprise,
any monetary debt. व़ैि मुिा
make up, total, represent, constitute,
8. Window (noun) – Opportunity, उत्तिदयी होना
interval, timeframe, period, duration
19. Imply (verb) – Suggest, hint, insinuate,
मौका
infer, indicate सूधचर् किना
9. Reinforce (verb) – Strengthen, fortify,
20. Phase out (phrasal verb) – Gradual
bolster, intensify, augment मिबूर्
removal, withdraw gradually,
किना discontinue, wind down, eliminate िीिे -

10. Contradict (verb) – Deny, dispute, िीिे समाप्र् किना

oppose, challenge, counter वविोि किना

English Madhyam 40
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

21. Disruption (noun) – Disturbance, 29. Liberalised remittance scheme (LRS)

interruption, interference, hindrance, (noun) – An RBI initiative that allows
impediment ववघ्न, बािा resident individuals to remit a certain
amount of money during a financial
22. Inconvenience (noun) – Discomfort, year to another country for investment
annoyance, difficulty, trouble, bother and expenditure
असुवविा
30. Shine light on (phrase) – Illuminate,
clarify, elucidate, highlight, spotlight
23. In its wisdom (phrase) – used ironically
to suggest that someone's action is not प्रकाश डालना
well judged. अपनी बुद्धि से
31. Unflattering (adjective) –
Uncomplimentary, disparaging,
24. Stipulate (verb) – Specify, set down, lay
derogatory, deprecating, pejorative
down, demand, require यनिातरिर् किना
अप्रशांसनीय
25. Disruptive (adjective) – Destabilizing,
32. Policy-making (noun) – The act of
disturbing, disorderly, chaotic,
creating or changing laws, rules, or
tumultuous ववघटनकािी
procedures नीयर्-यनमातण
26. Transparency (noun) – Clarity,
33. Address (verb) – Tackle, deal with,
openness, lucidity, pellucidity,
attend to, take care of, handle
clearness पािदमशतर्ा
सुलझाना, यनपटाना
27. Outstrip (verb) – Surpass, exceed,
34. Apprehension (noun) – Anxiety, worry,
outdo, eclipse, transcend बढ चक
ु े हैं, बढ
unease, nervousness, misgiving धचांर्ा
िाना

28. Presumed (adjective) – Assumed,

supposed, presumed, inferred,
postulated माना गया

English Madhyam 41
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
Pioneer editorial – Effective instrument (24 May 2023)
1. Misconception (noun) – Fallacy,
delusion, misapprehension,
misunderstanding, error, ग़लर्फहमी
2. Synonymous (adjective) – Equivalent,
analogous, comparable, identical,
akin, पयातयवाची
3. Bold (adjective) – Courageous, brave,
dauntless, audacious, fearless, साहसी
4. Misguided (adjective) – Ill-advised,
mistaken, misconceived, misdirected,
astray, गलर् टदशा में ले िाने वाला
5. Unveil (verb) – Reveal, disclose,
expose, divulge, uncover, उद्घाटन
किना
6. Bust (noun) – Sculpture, statue, effigy,
figure, image, मूयर्त
7. Goodwill (noun) – Benevolence,
kindness, generosity, charity, altruism,
सद्भाव
8. Adjacent (to) (adjective) – next to or
very near a specified location. नजदीक
में
9. A-Bomb Dome (noun) – a symbol of
Hiroshima and its appearance conveys
the horror of nuclear weapons.
10. Alike (adjective) – Similar, identical,
indistinguishable, analogous, akin,
समान
11. Mark (noun) – Sign, symbol, indicator,
token, emblem, सांकेर्
12. Solidarity (noun) – Unity, unanimity,
harmony, cooperation, cohesion,
एकिट
ु र्ा
13. Peace (noun) – Tranquility, calm,
serenity, harmony, quiet, शाांयर्
14. Resonate (verb) – Echo, reverberate,
resound, ring, vibrate, गांि
ू ना
15. Inspire (verb) – Motivate, stimulate,
encourage, influence, spur, प्रेरिर् किना
16. Address (verb) – Speak to, talk to,
discourse to, give a speech to, सांबोधिर्
किना
17. Strife (noun) – Conflict, discord,
disagreement, dissension, dispute,
कलह
18. Conflict (noun) – Dispute, quarrel,
altercation, argument, row, वववाद
19. Mindfulness (noun) – Awareness,
attentiveness, alertness, heedfulness,
consciousness, सचेर्र्ा
20. Illuminate (verb) – Light up, brighten,
enlighten, illumine, shine, प्रकामशर्
किना, िोशनी किना
21. Profound (adjective) – Deep, intense,
heartfelt, sincere, earnest, गहिा
English Madhyam 42
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
22. Philosophy (noun) – Doctrine, theory,
beliefs, principles, ideology, शास्र
23. Indelible (adjective) – Ineradicable,
permanent, lasting, enduring,
unerasable, अममट, िो ममट न सके
24. Transcend (verb) – Surpass, exceed,
outstrip, outdo, eclipse, पाि किना
25. Countless (adjective) – Innumerable,
myriad, multitudinous, numerous,
endless, अनधगनर्
26. Strive (for) (verb) – Endeavor,
struggle, work hard, aspire, toil, सांघर्त
किना
27. Embrace (verb) – Adopt, accept,
welcome, encompass, integrate,
स्वीकाि किना
28. Means (noun) – Method, way, mode,
mechanism, procedure, सािन
29. Resolution (noun) – Solution,
settlement, conclusion, decision,
determination, समािान
30. Emphasize (verb) – Stress, highlight,
underscore, accentuate, focus on, िोि
दे ना
31. Transformation (noun) – Change,
metamorphosis, conversion, shift,
evolution, परिवर्तन
32. Lasting (adjective) – Enduring,
persistent, permanent, everlasting,
long-term, टटकाऊ
33. Acknowledge (verb) – Admit, accept,
recognize, concede, confess, स्वीकाि
किना
34. Existence (noun) – Being, reality,
presence, life, subsistence, अश्स्र्त्व
35. Suffering (noun) – Pain, distress,
agony, torment, affliction, पीडा
36. Liberation (noun) – Freedom,
emancipation, release, deliverance,
rescue, मुश्क्र्
37. Eightfold (adjective) – eight times,
आठगुना
38. Livelihood (noun) – Sustenance, living,
means of support, income,
subsistence, िीववका
39. Perpetuate (verb) – Continue, sustain,
maintain, uphold, preserve, बनाए
िखना
40. Advocate (verb) – Support, champion,
uphold, endorse, promote, समथतन
किना
41. Compassionate (adjective) –
Sympathetic, empathetic,
understanding, caring, kind, दयालु
42. Cultivate (verb) – Develop, nurture,
foster, encourage, promote, ववकमसर्
किना
43. Empathy (noun) – Understanding,
compassion, sensitivity, sympathy,
अनुभूयर्
English Madhyam 43
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
44. Forgiveness (noun) – Pardon,
absolution, exoneration, acquittal,
mercy, क्षमा
45. Foster (verb) – Encourage, promote,
stimulate, develop, nurture, प्रोत्साटहर्
किना
46. Draw (verb) – Derive, obtain, extract,
gain, acquire, प्राप्र् किना
47. Adapt (verb) – Adjust, acclimate,
conform, accommodate, alter, अनुकूल
बनाना
48. Context (noun) – Circumstances,
situation, background, framework,
conditions, प्रसांग
49. Root (in) (verb) – Base, originate,
derive, stem, come from, में यनटहर्
होना
50. Resistance (noun) – Opposition,
defiance, objection, protest, refusal,
वविोि
51. Address (verb) – Tackle, confront, deal
with, attend to, approach, यनपटना
52. Employ (verb) – Utilize, use, apply,
implement, exploit, उपयोग किना
53. Civil disobedience (noun) – Non-
compliance, defiance, nonconformity,
resistance, dissent, नागरिक अवज्ञा
54. Boycott (noun) – Ban, exclusion,
rejection, embargo, ostracism,
बटहष्काि
55. Fast (noun) – Hunger strike,
abstention, fasting, self-denial, self-
deprivation, उपवास
56. Self-purification (noun) – Cleansing,
purification, sanctification, absolution,
refinement, आत्मशुद्धि
57. Reflection (noun) – Contemplation,
consideration, meditation,
deliberation, pondering, धचांर्न
58. Spiritual (adjective) – Sacred, divine,
religious, holy, celestial, आध्याश्त्मक
59. Quest (noun) – Search, pursuit, hunt,
journey, expedition, खोि
60. Intrinsic (adjective) – Inherent, innate,
natural, built-in, ingrained, आांर्रिक
61. Worth (noun) – Value, merit,
importance, significance, usefulness,
महत्त्व
62. Dignity (noun) – Self-respect, honour,
self-esteem, prestige, status, गरिमा
63. Seek (verb) – Pursue, search for, strive
for, aim for, aspire to, का प्रयास किना
64. Promote (verb) – Encourage, advance,
boost, foster, stimulate, बढावा दे ना
65. Compassion (noun) – Sympathy,
empathy, understanding, concern,
kindness, दया
66. Stress (verb) – Emphasize, underline,
spotlight, underscore, accentuate, िोि
दे ना
English Madhyam 44
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
67. Prerequisite (noun) – Requirement,
condition, necessity, stipulation,
essential, िरूिी, पहले से आवचयक
68. Renowned (adjective) – Famous,
celebrated, distinguished, notable,
esteemed, प्रमसद्ि
69. Disciple (noun) – Follower, adherent,
devotee, believer, pupil, मशष्य
70. Alleviate (verb) – Reduce, lessen,
diminish, relieve, ease, कम किना
71. Wisdom (noun) – Knowledge, insight,
understanding, intelligence, sagacity,
ज्ञान
72. Passive (adjective) – Non-resistant,
submissive, compliant, acquiescent,
unresisting, यनश्ष्क्रय
73. Resignation (noun) – submission,
acquiescence, compliance, surrender,
परित्याग
74. Embodiment (noun) – Incarnation,
personification, manifestation,
epitome, exemplification, प्रर्ीक
75. Iconic (adjective) – Symbolic,
emblematic, representative,
significant, indicative, प्रयर्श्ष्ठर्
76. Anti-apartheid (adjective) – Anti-
segregation, anti-discrimination, anti-
racism, egalitarian, integrative, िां गभेद
वविोिी
77. Pursue (verb) – Chase, follow, seek,
strive for, work towards, अनुसिण
किना
78. Courageous (adjective) – Brave,
fearless, bold, valiant, intrepid, साहसी
79. Resort (verb) – Turn to, make use of,
utilize, employ, exploit सहािा लेना
80. Plague (verb) – Afflict, trouble,
torment, harass, beset, सर्ाना
81. Dialogue (noun) – Conversation,
discussion, discourse, exchange,
colloquy, सांवाद
82. Diverse (adjective) – Varied, different,
dissimilar, assorted, mixed, ववववि
83. Champion (verb) – Support, defend,
uphold, advocate, back, समथतन किना
84. Resilience (noun) – Adaptability,
flexibility, durability, toughness,
recoverability, मिबूर्ी
85. Navigate (verb) – Maneuver, steer,
guide, control, pilot, मागत दशतन किना
English Madhyam 45
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
Indian Express Editorial – A test of the human spirit (26 May 2023)
1. Spirit (noun) – the prevailing or typical
quality, mood, or attitude of a person,
group, or period of time. भावना
2. As far as ––––––––– is concerned
(phrase) – as regards the interests or
case of — िहाां र्क –––––––– का सांबांि ह़ै
3. Endurance (noun) – Persistence,
perseverance, tenacity, continuance,
survival ि़ैयत
4. Straddle (verb) – Span, bridge,
bestride, traverse, range across पाि
किना
5. The Extreme (noun) – Utmost, furthest
point, limit, pinnacle, zenith यनटहर्ाथतर्ा
6. Mountaineer (noun) – Climber,
hillwalker, alpinist, cliff-hanger, rock
climber पवतर्ािोही
7. Trail (noun) – Path, track, route, way,
course पगडांडी
8. Wind down (phrasal verb) – Diminish,
lessen, decrease, relax, ease off िीिे -
िीिे समाप्र् होना
9. Climb (verb) – Ascend, rise, elevate,
mount, scale चढना
10. Merely (adverb) – Just, only, simply,
purely, solely केवल
11. Surpass (verb) – Outdo, exceed,
transcend, outstrip, outperform आगे
यनकलना
12. Sheer (adjective) – Complete, utter,
total, absolute, unadulterated
13. Gruelling (adjective) – Exhausting,
strenuous, tiring, arduous, strenuous
कटठन
14. Climb (noun) – Ascent, hike, trek, rise,
uprise चढाई
15. Grave (adjective) – Serious, critical,
severe, urgent, crucial गांभीि
16. Perilous (adjective) – Dangerous, risky,
hazardous, unsafe, treacherous
खर्िनाक
17. Reward (noun) – Prize, award, honor,
bonus, bounty पिु स्काि
18. Ego (noun) – Self-esteem, self-
importance, self-worth, pride, vanity
अहां काि
19. Argument (noun) – Debate, discussion,
discourse, contention, disagreement
र्कत
20. The heart of the matter (phrase) – The
crux, the main point, the essence, the
core, the nucleus मुद्दे का केंि
English Madhyam 46
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
21. Confront (verb) – Face, encounter,
meet, challenge, contend with सामना
किना
22. Awe-inspiring (adjective) – Impressive,
magnificent, wonderful, amazing,
stunning अद्भुर्
23. Dwarf (verb) – Overshadow, tower
above, loom over, dominate, outshine
छोटा टदखना
24. Insignificant (adjective) – Unimportant,
irrelevant, meaningless, negligible,
trivial अप्रभावशाली
25. Peak (noun) – Summit, pinnacle, apex,
zenith, height चोटी
26. Underfoot (adjective) – Underneath,
beneath, below, at one's feet प़ैिों के
नीचे
English Madhyam 47
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

Indian Express Editorial – Hope on the Inflation front (27 May 2023)

1. Front (noun) – a particular area of 10. Room (noun) – Space, capacity,

activity मोचात allowance, opportunity, scope गांज
ु ाइश

2. Edge (verb) – to move slowly with 11. Complacency (noun) – Self-satisfaction,

gradual movements or in gradual smugness, self-approval, self-
stages िीिे -िीिे बढना commendation आत्मसांर्श्ु ष्ट

3. Inflation targeting framework (noun) – 12. Drive (verb) – Cause something to

a framework in which the central bank happen
uses monetary policy tools, especially
13. Momentum (noun) – Impetus, force,
the control of short-term interest rates,
to keep inflation in line with a given energy, thrust, drive गयर्
target.
14. Base effect (noun) – An effect in
4. Retail inflation (noun) – an increase in economics, a distortion in inflation
the cost of goods and services sold to figures that results from abnormally
consumers. खद
ु िा मुिास्फीयर् high or low levels of inflation in the
year-ago month.
5. Thereafter (adverb) – subsequently,
15. Softening (noun) – Easing, lessening,
later, thenceforth, afterwards उसके बाद
mitigation, relief, alleviation कमी
6. Consumer price index (noun) – a
16. Core inflation (noun) – the change in
measure of the average change in
prices of goods and services, except for
prices of goods and services consumed
those from the food and energy
by households.
sectors.
7. Optimism (noun) – Hopefulness,
17. Headline (adjective) – Main, chief,
positivity, buoyancy, confidence,
principal, leading, primary प्रमख
ु
cheerfulness आशावाद
18. Peg (verb) – Fix, set, establish,
8. Caution (verb) – Warn, alert, advise,
determine, decide ठहिाना
counsel, forewarn सर्कत किना
19. Imply (verb) – Suggest, indicate, hint,
9. Moderation (noun) – reduction,
diminishing, lessening, decrease, intimate, insinuate सांकेर् किना
contraction कमी/निमी

English Madhyam 48
 April 28, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
20. End up (phrasal verb) – Conclude,
finish, stop, terminate समाप्र् होना
21. Forecast (noun) – Prediction,
prognosis, projection, estimate, guess
भववष्यवाणी
22. Point towards (phrasal verb) –
Indicate, suggest, hint, signify इशािा
किना
23. Project (verb) – Forecast, predict,
estimate, calculate, envisage
परिकलपना किना
24. Analyst (noun) – Evaluator, Examiner,
Reviewer, Assessor, Investigator
ववचलेर्क
25. Considerably (adverb) – Significantly,
Substantially, Noticeably, Remarkably,
Markedly काफी हद र्क
26. Divergence (noun) – Separation,
Difference, Deviation, Discrepancy,
Variance ववचलन
27. Economist (noun) – Financial Expert,
Economic Analyst, Economic
Consultant, Financial Analyst, Financial
Planner अथतशास्त्री
28. Flag (verb) – Signal, Indicate, Point Out,
Highlight, Draw Attention To सांकेर्
किना
29. Merchandise (noun) – Goods,
Commodities, Wares, Products, Stock
व्यापारिक माल
30. El Nino (noun) – A climatic
phenomenon that involves the
warming of the Pacific Ocean off the
South American coast, causing
atmospheric changes
31. Sanguine (adjective) – Optimistic,
Positive, Hopeful, Upbeat, Bullish
आशावादी
32. Pace (noun) – Speed, Rate, Tempo,
Rhythm, Velocity गयर्
33. For instance (phrase) – For example, As
an example, To illustrate, Such as, Like
उदाहिण के मलए
34. Moderate (verb) – Lessen, Reduce,
Diminish, Decrease, Dampen कम होना
35. Subdued (adjective) – Downcast, quiet,
submissive, passive, restrained सुस्र्
36. Firm up (phrasal verb) – Strengthen,
Consolidate, Secure, Stabilize, Solidify;
become or make something more
definite; मजबूर् किना
37. Pivot (verb) – Turn, revolve, whirl,
swing की ओि मड
ु ना
38. Ease (verb) – Lessen, Alleviate, Reduce,
Relieve, Lighten कम किना
English Madhyam 49