MOTION STUDY: THE

WORK STATION DESIGN

IVY MAR J. RAMOS, PIE, ASEAN ENG.
 Is the careful analysis of body
motion employed in doing a
job.

The purpose of motion study is

to eliminate or reduce
ineffective movements, and
facilitate and speed effective
movements.
MOTION STUDY
Through motion study , in
conjunction with the principles of
motion economy , the job is
redesigned to be more effective
and to produce a higher rate of
output.
PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY
Industrial engineers and technologies have been continually
developing guidelines for efficient and effective work station
design. These guidelines are collectively called principles of
motion economy.

Effectiveness is doing the right things (the job),

efficiency is doing the things right (method).

Effectiveness and efficiency mean doing the

right things right.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
1. ACHIEVE THE MAXIMUM MUSCLES STRENGTH AT
THE MIDRANGE OF MOTION.
2. ACHIEVE THE MAXIMUM MUSCLE STRENGTH
WITH SLOW MOVEMENTS
3. USE MOMENTUM TO ASSIST WORKERS
WHEREVER POSSIBLE; MINIMIZE IT IF IS
COUNTERACTED BY MUSCULAR EFFORT.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY

4. DESIGN TASKS TO OPTIMIZE HUMAN

STRENGTH CAPABILITY
5. USE LARGE MUSCLES FOR TASKS
REQUIRING STRENGTH.
WRONG WORK
HEIGHT WILL
CREATE
PROBLEMS
PROPER WORK
HEIGHT WILL
PRODUCE LESS
FATIGUE
 DESIGN A WORK
STATION FOR
SITTING AND
STANDING, BUT KEEP
WORK HEIGHT
CONSTANT
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
6. STAY BELOW 15 PERCENT OF MAXIMUM VOLUNTARY FORCE
7. USE SHORT, FREQUENT, INTERMITTENT WORK-REST CYCLES.
8. DESIGN TASKS SO THAT MOST WORKERS CAN DO THEM.
9. USE LOW FORCE FOR PRECISE MOVEMENTS OR FINE MOTOR
CONTROL
10. DO NOT ATTEMPT PRECISE MOVEMENTS OR FINE CONTROL
IMMEDIATELY AFTER HEAVY WORK.
11. USE BALLISTIC MOVEMENTS FOR SPEED.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
12. BEGIN AND END MOTIONS WITH BOTH HANDS
SIMULTANEOUSLY.
13. MOVE THE HANDS SYMMETRICALLY AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY TO AND FROM THE CENTER OF THE
BODY.
14. USE THE NATURAL RHYTHMS OF THE BODY.
15. USE CONTINUOUS CURVED MOTIONS.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
16. USE THE LOWEST PRACTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEMENT.
1. FINGER MOTIONS ARE MADE BY MOVING THE FINGER OR FINGERS WHILE THE REMAINDER OF THE
ARM IS KEPT STATIONARY. THEY ARE FIRST-CLASS MOTIONS AND THE FASTEST OF THE FIVE MOTION
CLASSES. TYPICAL FINGER MOTIONS ARE RUNNING A NUT DOWN ON A STUD, DEPRESSING THE
KEYS OF A TYPEWRITER, OR GRASPING A SMALL PART. THERE IS USUALLY A SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCE IN THE TIME REQUIRED TO PERFORM FINGER MOTIONS WITH THE VARIOUS FINGERS
WITH THE INDEX FINGER BEING THE FASTEST. BECAUSE REPETITIVE FINGER MOTIONS CAN RESULT
IN CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS, FINGER FORCES SHOULD BE KEPT LOW BY USING BAR
SWITCHES IN PLACE OF TRIGGER SWITCHES.
2. FINGER AND WRIST MOTIONS ARE MADE WHILE THE FOREARM AND UPPER ARM ARE STATIONARY
AND ARE REFERRED TO AS SECOND-CLASS MOTIONS. IN THE MAJORITY OF CASES, FINGER AND
WRIST MOTIONS CONSUME MORE TIME THAN STRICTLY FINGER MOTIONS. TYPICAL FINGER AND
WRIST MOTIONS OCCUR WHEN A PART IS POSITIONED IN A JIG OR FIXTURE, OR WHEN TWO MATING
PARTS ARE ASSEMBLED.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
16. USE THE LOWEST PRACTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEMENT.
3. FINGER, WRIST, AND LOWER ARM MOTIONS ARE COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS FOREARM OR THIRD-
CLASS MOTIONS AND INCLUDE THOSE MOVEMENTS MADE BY THE ARM BELOW THE ELBOW WHILE
THE UPPER ARM IS STATIONARY. SINCE THE FOREARM INCLUDES RELATIVELY STRONG AND NON-
FATIGUING MUSCLES, WORKSTATIONS SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO UTILIZE THESE THIRD-CLASS
MOTIONS, RATHER THAN FOURTH-CLASS MOTIONS. HOWEVER, REPETITIVE WORK INVOLVING FORCE
WITH THE ARMS EXTENDED CAN INDUCE INJURY AND THE WORKSTATION SHOULD BE DESIGNED SO
THAT THE ELBOWS CAN BE KEPT AT 90° WHILE WORK IS BEING DONE.
4. FINGER, WRIST, LOWER ARM, AND UPPER ARM MOTIONS, COMMONLY KNOWN AS FOURTH-CLASS OR
SHOULDER MOTIONS, REQUIRE CONSIDERABLY MORE TIME FOR A GIVEN DISTANCE THAN THE THREE
CLASSES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED. FOURTH-CLASS MOTIONS ARE REQUIRED TO PERFORM
TRANSPORT MOTIONS FOR PARTS THAT CANNOT BE REACHED WITHOUT EXTENDING THE ARM. TO
REDUCE STATIC LOADING OF SHOULDER MOTIONS, TOOLS SHOULD BE DESIGNED SO THAT THE
ELBOW IS NOT ELEVATED WHILE THE WORK IS BEING PERFORMED.
PRINCIPLES OF WORK DESIGN: HUMAN
CAPABILITIES AND MOTION ECONOMY
16. USE THE LOWEST PRACTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEMENT.
5. FIFTH-CLASS MOTIONS INCLUDE BODY MOTIONS SUCH AS OF THE TRUNK,
WHICH ARE THE MOST TIME-CONSUMING AND SHOULD GENERALLY BE
AVOIDED.

17. WORK WITH BOTH HANDS AND FEET

SIMULTANEOUSLY.
18. MINIMIZE EYE FIXATIONS
WORK STATION DESIGN
• THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE DESIGN:
1. WORK TABLE
2. INCOMING MATERIALS
3. OUTGOING MATERIAL
4. OPERATOR SPACE AND ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT
5. LOCATION OF WASTE AND REJECTS
6. FIXTURE AND TOOLS
7. SCALE OF DRAWING
 WORK
STATION
DESIGN
 WORK
STATION
DESIGN
BEFORE AFTER

WORK STATION DESIGN

 A motion pattern is the
path taken by both hands
in the process of making
MOTION one part or pair of parts.

PATTERN A motion pattern is also a

blueprint of the work method
and a bill of material for time
standard.
 MOTION
PATTERN
 MOTION
PATTERN
REFERENCE:

NIEBEL, BEJAMIN W., “METHODS, STANDARDS AND WORK” 12TH EDITION. MC-GRAW HILL
PUBLICATIONS.

FIGURES ARE CREDITED TO THE OWNERS.

END OF PRESENTATION