VARIABLE AND CONSTANT

Variables in C
A variable in simple terms is a storage place that has some memory
allocated to it. It is used to store some form of data and retrieve it when
required. Different types of variables require different amounts of memory
and have some specific set of operations that can be applied to them.

C Variable Declaration
• type variable_name;
• type variable1_name, variable2_name, variable3_name;

• A variable name can consist of alphabets (both upper and lower case),
numbers, and the underscore ‘_’ character. However, the name must not
start with a number.
Example of C Variable
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
// declaration and definition of variable 'a123'
char a123 = 'a';
// This is also both declaration
// and definition as 'b' is allocated
// memory and assigned some garbage value.
float b;
// multiple declarations and definitions
int _c, _d45, e;
// Let us print a variable
printf("%c \n", a123);
return 0;
}

Output:
a
Constants in C
• The constants are those variables or values in the C which
cannot be modified once they are defined in the program.
• They have fixed values till the program’s life.
• We can only assign value to the constant in the declaration.
• There can be any type of constant like integer, float, octal,
hexadecimal, character constants, etc.
Example of C Constant
#include <stdio.h>
// Constants Macro
#define val 10
// Driver code
int main()
{
// constant variables
const float floatVal = 5.8;
const char charVal = 'a';
// printing constants
printf("Integer Constant: %d\n", val);
printf("Floating point Constant: %f\n", floatVal);
printf("Character Constant: %c\n", charVal);
return 0;
}
Output

Integer Constant: 10
Floating point Constant: 5.800000
Character Constant: a
Difference between Constant and Variables

Constant Variables

A constant is a variable or value that cannot be altered once defined. A variable is a name associated with some memory location.

A constant is used to hold the fixed values which we can retrieve later but A variable is used to hold some value that can be changed according to
cannot change. the requirement.

The constants are generally stored in the text segment as they are read- The variables are stored inside a data segment, heap, or stack depending
only on the environment it is declared in.

We can only assign a value to the constant while defining it. We can assign value to the variable anytime.

A variable can only be defined using the standard variable definition

A constant can be defined by using #define or const keyword.
syntax.

Example: #define pi 3.14 Example: int var = 25;

const int pi = 3.14; var = 10;