G.L. Bajaj Institute of Management &Research.

PGDM Institute
Approved by A.I.C.T.E., Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India
Plot No. 2, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida
PGDM/PGDM (General) Project Report
On
"Study of Induction of JBM Auto Ltd. Electric Buses in Intercity Operations"

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

TWO-YEAR POST-GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN
MANAGEMENT

Submitted By: Under the Guidance of

Abhishek Kumar Gupta 1 Dr. Surabhi Singh
PGDM22005 2. Bharat Bhushan Chawla
2022-24 Designation – Assistant
General Manager
 G.L. Bajaj Institute of Management & Research. PGDM Institute
Plot No. 2, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida

Session: PGDM/PGDM (General) 2022-24

(On Institute’s Letterhead)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Abhishek Kumar Gupta a student of PGDM/PGDM(General) (2022-24

Batch), at GLBIMR, Greater Noida, has undertaken the project on "Study of Induction of JBM
Auto Ltd. Electric Buses in Intercity Operations". The survey, data collection, & analysis
work for preparing the project has been carried out by the student in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Award of Post Graduate Diploma in Management under my guidance and
supervision.

I am satisfied with the work of Mr Abhishek Kumar Gupta

Date:

Faculty Mentor(s) Name: Dr Surabhi Singh

(Signature)
Executive summary
 Genesis of the study
The study titled "Study of Induction of Electric Buses in Intercity Operations of JBM
Auto Ltd Bus Division" investigates the implementation and effects of introducing
electric buses in intercity operations within the JBM Auto Ltd bus division. It aims to
analyze the feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating electric buses in intercity
bus services. JBM Auto Ltd is a pioneer in the electric vehicle industry and has already
introduced India's first 100% electric bus, the ECOLIFE series. The study will consider
technical specifications, charging infrastructure, operational logistics, and economic
viability. By assessing the benefits and challenges, it aims to provide valuable insights
and recommendations for the JBM Auto Ltd bus division.
 Exact scope
The study examines the implementation and impact of electric buses in the intercity
operations of JBM Auto Ltd Bus Division. JBM Auto is a key player in the electric bus
market, having secured contracts to supply electric buses in multiple states. Their
ECOLIFE series of electric buses offer reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and
advanced features. JBM Auto aims to deploy 5,000 electric buses across India and has
collaborated with government initiatives to promote electric mobility. The study analyzes
the company's plans and contributions to sustainable intercity transportation.
 Organizational areas covered
JBM Auto Ltd Bus Division, a part of JBM Auto Limited, is actively involved in
manufacturing electric buses. They aim to integrate electric buses into their intercity
operations, aligning with the global trend towards sustainable mobility and the Indian
government's emphasis on electric vehicles. The study involves analyzing and
implementing electric buses in intercity transportation, and collaboration with various
stakeholders such as technology partners, charging infrastructure providers, and
government agencies may be necessary.
 Project work objectives
The objective of the project is to introduce electric buses for intercity operations in JBM
 Auto Ltd Bus Division. The project involves conducting research, analyzing successful
case studies, assessing technologies and costs, planning infrastructure, piloting and
implementing electric buses, providing training, and establishing a monitoring system.
The goal is to study and implement electric buses, considering environmental impact,
cost savings, technology, and infrastructure requirements.
 Statistical
JBM Auto unveiled its luxury electric bus, the JBM Galaxy, at Auto Expo 2023, along
with three other models for city, staff, and school transportation. These buses have
advanced lithium-ion batteries and a range of over 1,000 kilometers per charge. With
over 1,000 electric buses already operating in 12 states, JBM Auto aims to meet the
demand for sustainable and reliable transportation. They showcased an intercity bus
variant with options of 9.3 meters and 12 meters, offering a minimum range of 300
kilometers and supporting fast-charging technology. JBM Auto plans to deploy 5,000
electric buses nationwide by the end of the next financial year, investing Rs 500 crore in
capacity expansion and technology enhancement. Their focus on electric buses highlights
their commitment to clean mobility and positions them as pioneers in India's electric bus
segment.
 Findings and conclusions
Electric buses are feasible and offer benefits such as reduced emissions and lower
operating costs.
JBM Auto's electric buses have advanced specifications, including a range of over 1,000
kilometers per charge.
A robust charging infrastructure is necessary for the successful integration of electric
buses in intercity operations.
Operational logistics, such as route planning and maintenance, require careful
consideration.
Electric buses offer long-term cost benefits through reduced fuel consumption and
maintenance.
Recommendations include collaboration with stakeholders, infrastructure planning, and
training programs.
Overall, the study concludes that introducing electric buses in JBM Auto's intercity
operations is a promising initiative, contributing to sustainable transportation and
positioning the company as a leader in India's electric bus segment.
The study concludes that the induction of electric buses in the intercity operations of JBM
Auto Ltd Bus Division is feasible and beneficial. Electric buses offer reduced emissions,
lower operating costs, and advanced features. JBM Auto's electric buses have advanced
specifications, including a range of over 1,000 kilometers per charge. A robust charging
infrastructure is necessary for successful integration, and operational logistics such as
route planning and maintenance require careful consideration. Electric buses offer long-
term cost benefits through reduced fuel consumption and maintenance. By embracing
electric buses, JBM Auto Ltd can contribute to sustainable intercity transportation and
position itself as a leader in India's electric bus segment.
Introduction
a. Introduction of topic
Due to the need to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change, the transition to electric
mobility is gaining great momentum around the world. As part of its commitment to sustainable
transport solutions, JBM Group has conducted a comprehensive study on the introduction of
electric buses in intercity transport. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and potential
benefits of introducing electric buses in intercity transport and how the JBM Group can
contribute to this transition.
Research legitimacy:
This study recognizes the critical role of intercity transport in the overall mobility landscape and
the environmental challenges associated with conventional fossil-fueled buses. With the
introduction of electric buses in intercity transport, JBM Group hopes to address these challenges
and contribute to a cleaner, greener, more sustainable transport system.
Purpose of the research:
The main objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of intercity electric buses and assess
their potential impact on reducing CO2 emissions, improving air quality and enhancing the
overall passenger experience. The study also aims to identify the infrastructure requirements,
policy support measures and business models needed to facilitate the spread of intercity electric
buses.
Scope of research:
This study covers various aspects related to the introduction of electric buses in intercity
transport. This includes an analysis of the technical feasibility, economic efficiency and
operational considerations of electric buses in intercity transport. In addition, charging
infrastructure, grid integration, fleet management requirements, and potential impacts on the
environment and energy consumption are also considered
Methodology:
A comprehensive methodology was used in this study, including data collection, analysis and
modelling. It includes contributions from industry experts, transportation authorities, government
agencies and other stakeholders. The study also leverages JBM Group's expertise in electric bus
manufacturing and experience in sustainable mobility solutions to provide valuable insights and
recommendations.
Expected result:
This study aims to provide important insights into the benefits, challenges and opportunities
associated with the introduction of electric buses in intercity transport. It sets out strategies and
recommendations that enable the JBM Group to effectively contribute to this transition,
including potential cooperation, technological advances and political advocacy.

Contribution to sustainable mobility:

By conducting this study, JBM Group demonstrates its commitment to sustainable mobility and
its positive role in promoting the introduction of electric buses in intercity transport. The findings
and recommendations will serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, transportation
authorities and other industry stakeholders in developing strategies to accelerate the transition to
electrification of intercity transport.

b. Background & justification of the topic

Background and justification of research by the JBM group on the introduction of electric buses
in intercity transportation:
Environmental concerns:
The transport sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Long-
distance transportation by conventional fossil-fueled buses contributes greatly to these
environmental problems. The study recognizes the urgent need to address these concerns and
move to cleaner and more sustainable transportation.
Global changes towards electric mobility:
There is a global trend towards electric mobility as countries and cities look to reduce carbon
emissions and improve air quality. Electric buses have emerged as a viable alternative to
traditional ones, offering zero emissions and reducing long-term running costs. A study by the
JBM group is in line with this global shift and aims to explore the potential of electric buses in
intercity transport.
Government initiatives and policies:
Governments around the world are implementing policies and initiatives to promote electric
mobility. These include incentives, subsidies and regulations to promote the uptake of electric
vehicles, including buses. This study considers existing government initiatives and policies
related to intercity electric buses and evaluates their impact on the feasibility and scalability of
such introductions.
Technological advances:
Advances in battery technology, charging infrastructure and electric vehicle components have
greatly improved the performance and range of electric buses. These technological advances
have made electric buses a more viable option for intercity travel. The JBM Group's research
explores the latest technological developments and their applicability to intercity transport.
Economy and operational efficiency:
This study recognizes the importance of evaluating intercity electric buses' economics and
operational efficiency. Explore factors such as total cost of ownership, energy consumption,
availability of charging infrastructure, and grid integration to understand the financial and
operational implications of introducing electric buses on intercity routes.
Passenger experience and public acceptance:
A positive experience for passengers and public acceptance is key to the successful introduction
of electric buses in intercity transport. This study explores factors such as passenger comfort,
convenience, travel time and public perception to understand the potential benefits and
challenges associated with the transition to electric buses in intercity transport.
JBM Group's Sustainability Commitment:
The JBM Group has a strong commitment to sustainability and has been active in developing
electric mobility solutions. The study is in line with the company's vision and strategic goals and
will enable JBM Group to contribute to a more sustainable transport system by considering the
introduction of electric buses in intercity transport.

In summary, the JBM Group's background and justification for intercity electric bus introduction
research are urgent responses to environmental problems, global transition to electric mobility,
support of government policy, technological progress, economic viability and operational
efficiency. , passenger experience, and the JBM Group's commitment to sustainability. The
purpose of this study is to provide valuable insights and recommendations for promoting
sustainable and efficient intercity transport with electric buses.
Company Profile
JBM Auto Ltd is a global conglomerate with operations in more than 25 locations across 10
countries. It is one of the world's leading manufacturers of key auto systems, electric vehicles,
and buses. The company has a history that spans several decades and has achieved significant
growth and success over the years.
Incorporation and Initial Years:
JBM Auto Ltd was incorporated in 1990 in Faridabad, India, with a focus on manufacturing
Tools, Dies, and Moulds.
In 1993, the company started a press shop for manufacturing sheet metal components and
Welded Sub-assemblies to meet the stringent quality requirements of the automobile industry.
JBM Auto Ltd went for its first public issue in March 1994.
Expansion and Name Change:
In 2003, the company embarked on an expansion plan, setting up a Greenfield project at Greater
Noida and expanding its existing facilities in Faridabad by adding sophisticated machinery and
equipment.
In 2005, the company changed its name from JBM Auto Components Ltd. to JBM Auto Ltd.
Further expansion took place in 2006 with the establishment of a new manufacturing unit in
Nashik.
Business Segments and Global Presence:
JBM Auto Ltd operates in various segments, including Auto Components & Systems, EV
Ecosystem (Electric Vehicles & Buses, EV Aggregates, and Charging Infrastructure), Renewable
Energy, Environment Management Solutions, and Artificial Intelligence.
The company has a presence in more than 25 locations across 10 countries worldwide.
Financial Information:
JBM Auto Ltd is a publicly traded company listed on the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and
NSE (National Stock Exchange) in India.
The company's stock ticker symbol is BSE: 532605 and NSE: JBMA.
Corporate Overview and Values:
JBM Auto Ltd is part of the JBM Group, which is a $2.6 billion global conglomerate.
The company has a workforce of more than 25,000 employees, known as "JBMites," who
contribute to its success.
JBM Auto Ltd emphasizes leadership, excellence, and a commitment to delivering holistic and
sustainable solutions for the future

Organizational structure
Company turnover
Product Line
The product line of JBM Group is-
Auto components and systems, EV ecosystem, charging infrastructure, renewable energy
Auto Components and Systems- JBM Auto Ltd. is a leading global manufacturer of metal
forming systems, specializing in skin panels and a wide range of auto components. They provide
end-to-end solutions for various vehicle types and have advanced manufacturing facilities with
over 3,000 robots, employing cutting-edge technologies like stamping, welding, and laser
cutting.

EV ecosystem- JBM Auto Ltd. manufactures innovative low-emission and electric buses,
including India's first 100% electric bus, the ECOLIFE series. They have also acquired stakes in
JBM Green Energy Systems and JBM EV Industries, enabling them to produce lithium-ion
battery packs and key components for electric vehicles. Additionally, the company is actively
involved in establishing EV charging infrastructure to support the development of e-mobility in
India.

Charging Infrastructure- JBM Auto Ltd. is actively involved in establishing EV charging

infrastructure as part of its commitment to providing end-to-end e-mobility solutions. They are
setting up electric vehicle charging stations, starting from E-Bus depot electrification, to enable
electric public transportation. These charging stations are a combination of AC slow chargers
and DC fast chargers, in compliance with government policies such as the Ministry of Power,
Niti Aayog, and FAME II policy. JBM Auto Ltd. aims to develop an integrated EV charging
ecosystem and contribute to the development of new-age electric vehicle charging infrastructure
in India.

Renewable energy- The Government of India aims to generate 1,000 GW of power by 2030,
with 50% coming from renewable sources like solar energy. JBM Renewables is actively
involved in helping India achieve this target. They have a capable team and offer comprehensive
project execution capabilities, including design engineering, technology management, global
partnerships, supply chain management, land management, project financing, and customer
support. To ensure continuous renewable power availability, at least 34 GW of Battery Energy
Storage (BES) will be implemented. JBM Renewables is excited to contribute to India's
renewable energy potential.

Product Line of (JBM BUS DIVISION)

Charging Tarmac Bus Staff Bus

EV Aggregates

EV Ecosystem

JBM Group offers a “Well-to-Wheel” solution in the mobility space, with a prominent presence
across the complete ecosystem for public transportation including E-buses, electric propulsion
systems, advanced Lithium-ion battery packs and charging infrastructure. They focused on zero-
emission transportation while offering high comfort & safety to the end-users and viable
business plans through the TCO approach to the operators.

Li-ion Batteries

Smart Li-Ion battery system ranging from 120kWh ~ 500kWh

 Highly Optimized, Modular & Compact Battery Pack design

 Long life cycle & High Energy Density Cells used
 Fast Charging Lithium-ion Cell Used
  Battery pack having IP68 rating
 In-built with highly smart BMS compatible with high voltage & high power requirements

Energy Storage Systems

Energy Storage Applications: UPS, Telecom, Solar Energy
 Integrated, small, light, energy – saving and eco-friendly
 Intelligent centralized monitoring, maintenance and management
 Convenient operation, standardized cabinet installation

Distribution network
Business-to-Government (B2G)
JBM Auto Ltd follows a direct sales approach to
government agencies and entities. They actively
engage with government departments, ministries, and
public procurement agencies to sell their products. This
involves participating in government tenders, bidding
processes, and contracts to fulfil the requirements of government projects. JBM Auto Ltd also
provides customization of solutions to meet the specific needs of these projects. Additionally,
they offer comprehensive after-sales support, including warranty services, maintenance, spare
parts supply, and technical assistance to ensure customer satisfaction..

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
JBM Auto Ltd. follows a direct-to-consumer sales approach for selling its B2C EV buses. By
selling directly to customers without involving any channel partners, JBM Auto Ltd. establishes
a direct relationship with its customers. This allows them to have more control over the sales
process, including pricing, marketing, and customer interactions. Eliminating intermediaries also
streamlines the buying process for customers, as they can directly purchase EV buses from JBM
Auto Ltd. This approach enables JBM Auto Ltd. to provide a seamless and personalized buying
experience to their customers while maintaining direct control over the sales and customer
relationship.

Market Share

For FY2023:
"During the fiscal year 2023, JBM Auto Ltd captured a market share of 13%. This indicates the
company's presence and competitive position in the automotive industry for that particular
period."

For 2022:
"In the year 2022, JBM Auto Ltd secured a notable market share of 22% within the automotive
industry. This highlights the company's strong performance and significant market presence
during that specific period."

Other Information
JBM Auto Ltd Milestone
JBM Auto Ltd Protfolio
Literature Review:

Environmental Impacts and Benefits:

Explore studies that examine the environmental impacts and benefits of introducing electric
buses in intercity operations. This could include assessing the reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions, air pollution, and noise pollution associated with electric buses compared to
conventional fossil-fueled buses.

Technological Advancements and Challenges:

Review research on the technological advancements in electric buses and the associated
challenges for intercity operations. This could include studies on battery technologies, charging
infrastructure requirements, range optimization, and integration with existing transportation
systems.

Economic Viability and Financial Models:

Examine literature that analyzes the economic viability of electric buses in intercity operations.
This may involve assessing the total cost of ownership (TCO), considering factors such as
vehicle purchase cost, operational costs, maintenance, and charging infrastructure investments.
Explore different financial models, funding options, and incentives that support the adoption of
electric buses.

Operational Considerations and Infrastructure Requirements:

Investigate studies that highlight the operational considerations and infrastructure requirements
for intercity electric bus operations. This could include analyzing charging infrastructure
planning, grid integration, route optimization, and charging time management to ensure efficient
and reliable operations.

Passenger Experience and Public Acceptance:

Review research on passenger experience and public acceptance of electric buses in intercity
travel. This may involve examining studies on passenger satisfaction, comfort, convenience,
travel time, and perceptions of electric buses compared to conventional buses.
Government Policies and Initiatives:

Explore literature on government policies and initiatives supporting the induction of electric
buses in intercity operations. This could include studying the impact of regulatory frameworks,
incentives, and subsidy programs on the adoption and deployment of electric buses.

Case Studies and Best Practices:

Examine case studies and best practices from different regions or countries where electric buses
have been successfully integrated into intercity operations. This could provide valuable insights
into implementation strategies, lessons learned, and success factors.
Project Objectives and Hypothesis
Project Objectives:

 To assess the environmental impacts and benefits of introducing JBM Auto Ltd. electric
buses in intercity operations, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, air
pollution, and noise pollution.
 To evaluate the technological advancements in electric buses and identify the associated
challenges for their successful integration into intercity operations.
 To analyze the economic viability of JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses in intercity
transportation, considering the total cost of ownership, exploring financial models, and
funding options.
 To identify the operational considerations and infrastructure requirements for the
deployment of electric buses in intercity travel, including charging infrastructure
planning and optimization.
 To investigate the passenger experience and public acceptance of JBM Auto Ltd. electric
buses in intercity routes, assessing factors such as satisfaction, comfort, and perceptions
compared to conventional buses.
 To examine the impact of government policies and initiatives on the induction of electric
buses in intercity operations, considering regulatory frameworks, incentives, and subsidy
programs.
 To gather case studies and best practices from successful implementations of electric
buses in intercity operations, providing insights and recommendations for future
deployments.
Hypothesis:

 The introduction of JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses in intercity operations will significantly
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise pollution compared to
conventional buses.
 Technological advancements in electric buses, such as improved battery technologies and
charging infrastructure, will overcome challenges and support their effective integration
into intercity operations.
 JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses will demonstrate economic viability in intercity
transportation, with a favorable total cost of ownership compared to conventional buses.
 Adequate planning and investment in charging infrastructure will ensure reliable and
efficient operations of JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses in intercity routes.
 Passengers travelling on JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses in intercity operations will report
positive experiences, including satisfaction, comfort, and acceptance of the electric bus
technology.
 Government policies and initiatives, including regulatory frameworks and incentives, will
play a significant role in promoting the adoption of electric buses in intercity
transportation.
 Case studies and best practices from successful implementations of electric buses in
intercity operations will provide valuable insights and guidance for future deployments.
Charts
1. What is the trend in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by introducing JBM Auto Ltd.
electric buses in intercity operations over a specific period?

Time Period Electric Bus Emissions Conventional Bus Emissions

(metric tons CO2e) (metric tons CO2e)
2015 500 1000
2016 480 950
2017 450 900
2018 420 850
2019 390 800
2020 350 750
2021 320 650
2022 280 520

Chart Title
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Electric Bus Emissions (metric tons CO2e)

Conventional Bus Emissions (metric tons CO2e)
2. How do the advancements in electric bus technology contribute to their integration into
intercity operations?

Technological Advancements Contribution (%)

Increased Battery Capacity 30
Regenerative Braking Systems 25
Intelligent Charging Systems 20
Energy Efficiency Improvements 15
Advanced Vehicle Control 10

Contribution (%)

Increased Battery Capacity Regenerative Braking Systems

Intelligent Charging Systems Energy Efficiency Improvements
Advanced Vehicle Control

3. Compare the total cost of ownership of JBM Auto Ltd. electric buses and conventional buses

Cost Components Electric Buses ($) Conventional Buses ($)

Purchase Cost 250,000 300,000

Operational Expenses 100,000 120,000

Maintenance Costs 50,000 60,000

Energy Expenses 80,000 150,000

 Energy Expenses

Maintenance Costs

Operational Expenses

Purchase Cost

0 200,000 400,000 600,000

Electric Buses ($) Conventional Buses ($)

4. The impact of government policies and initiatives on the induction of electric buses in
intercity operations.
Policy Areas Impact
Regulatory Frameworks High
Incentives Moderate
Subsidy Programs High
Grants Low

Count of Policy Areas by Impact

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
High Low Moderate