grooves left for them in the precast concrete

member. One
26.2.4.3 Effective depth: The effective depth
of beam is the distance between centre of IS 456 : 2000
tensile reinforcement and top edge of
end is fixed with anchor to the one end of the
compression fiber.
concrete members and the other end is pulled
26.2.4.4 The circumstances under which by the jack against the end of the precast
doubly reinforced beams are used listed concrete member. After inducing the required
stress the stretched end of the tendon is also
When depth of section is restricted.
anchored to the member properly.
When the loads are alternating or reversing
26.3.2 The limit state of serviceability
When the loads are eccentric. consists of
To reduce the deflection of the beam. (i) Excessive deflection
To resist the torsional moment. (iii) Corrosion
26.3 Pretensioning in prestressed concrete (ii) Premature or Excessive cracking
The tendons are tensioned even before casting (iv) Excessive vibration
of the concrete. One end of the tendon is
secured to an abutment while the other end of Out of these the important limit state of
reinforcement is pulled by using a jack and serviceability are excessive deflection and
this end is fixed to another abutment. The cracking. The deflection of a structure or part
concrete is now pured. After the concrete has thereof shall not adversely affect the
cured and hardened the ends of the appearance or efficiency of the structure.
reinforcement Cracking of structure should not the
appearance or durability of the structure.
which tends to resume its original length will Generally crack width at surface shall not
compress the concrete surrounding it by the exceed 0.3 mm.
action of bond between the reinforcement and
the surrounding concrete. 0.36 fck xu bw + 0.45 fck (bf -bw ) Df = 0.87 fy
Ast
This method is commonly used for small
sized members like beams piles etc., which
can be easily casted in the factories.
Pretensioning is done in the factories so it is
reliable and durable technique. But it is used
for small sections so heavies and longer
sections cannot be prestressed.
The shrinkage and creep losses are also more
in pre-tensioning system.
26.3.1 Post tensioning in prestressed concrete
In this method the prestressing force is
applied to the tendons after the concrete is
hardened. In this case the tendons are not
bonded to the concrete before tensioning. The
tendons are pulled through the ducts holes or

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