PETIT SEMINAIRE HIGHER SEC SCHOOL- PUDUCHERRY

SCIENCE NOTES: LESSON-11 MEASUREMENT AND MOTION

A. Choose the correct option.

1. Which of the following units should be used to measure the distance between Delhi and Agra?
a. centimetre b. metre c. kilometre d. none of these
2. What is the shortest distance one can measure by using the scale ?
a. 1 cm b. 0.1 cm c. 0.5 cm d. 10 mm

3. What is the length of the string placed along the scale shown?
a. 4.0 cm b. 4.5 cm c. 4.0 inch d. 4.5 inch

4. The measurement of the clip as shown in the figure is ________.

a. 1.8 cm b. 1.8 mm c. 18 cm d. 1.5 cm

5. A satellite is travelling around the Earth. The motion of the satellite is________.
a. periodic b. non-periodic c. rectilinear d. random
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. The unit used to measure long distance is kilometre.
2. The SI unit of mass is kilogram.
3. The pendulum of a clock shows oscillatory motion.
4. The blades of a windmill show rotational motion.
5. Movement of a cockroach is an example of random motion.
C. Name the following.
1. Motion of the wheels of a bullock cart. Rotational motion
2. Motion of the needle of a sewing machine. Oscillatory motion
3. Motion of a swing. Oscillatory motion
4. Motion of a coin rolling on a table. Rotational motion
5. Motion of a bullet. Translational motion

D. State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1. Measurement can be termed as comparing an unknown quantity with the known quantity. True.
2. Length of a curved line can be measured using divider and thread. True.
3. When a batsman hits a cricket ball, it undergoes both translational motion and rotational motion.False.
When a batsman hits a cricket ball, it undergoes translational motion.
4. Spinning of the Earth about its axis is an example of rotational motion. True.
5. Motion of the blades of a fan is rotational motion. True.

E.Answer the following questions in one word or a sentence.

1. How will you judge that an object is at rest?
An object is said to be at rest when it does not change its position with time with respect to its
surroundings.
2. Why do we need the standard units of measurement?
We need standard units of measurement for the sake of uniformity.
3. What is the importance of estimation?
In some cases such as measuring the distance of nearest railway station, exact measurements are not
required and taking approximate measurements is sufficient.
4. Can motion of an insect in air be considered periodic?
No, motion of an insect in air is non-periodic.
5. A bicycle wheel performs more than one type of motion. Name them.
The wheels of a bicycle undergo translational and rotational motion.

F. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. Name the instruments that can be used to measure length.
Length can be measured using a measuring scale (ruler) or a measuring tape. Vernier calipers and screw
gauge are used to make more accurate measurements.
2. What is the importance of accurate measurements?
In many cases, we need accurate measurements of physical quantities. Hence, to be accurate, special
devices are used. For example, to measure fractions of time, we use stop watch that can show time in
milliseconds. To measure mass of finite objects, we use physical weighing.
3. Distinguish between rectilinear and curvilinear motion.
S.no Rectilinear motion Curvilinear motion
1. When an object moves in a straight line, it is When an object moves along a curved path, it is said
said to be in rectilinear motion. to be in curvilinear motion.
2. The direction of motion of an object remains The direction of motion of an object changes with
the same. time, but its orientation remains the same.
3. Example: A bus moving on a curved road
Example: A truck moving on a straight road

4. What is rotational motion? Give two examples.

When an object moves about an axis and all the parts of it do not move the same distance in a given
interval of time, it is said to be in rotational motion.
Example:
▪ Rotation of the Earth about its axis
▪ Rotational motion of blades of a fan.
5. What is periodic motion? Give two examples.
When an object repeats its motion along the same path at regular intervals of time, it is said to
be in periodic motion.
Example:
▪ Motion of moon around the Earth.
▪ Motion of pendulum

G.Answer the following questions in Detail.

1. Why are measurements taken by handspan and footspan not accurate? Explain it with the help of an
example.
Measurement using handspan and footspan are not reliable as the length of body parts varies
from one person to another.
For example: Length of a piece of cloth measured using handspan may vary with the size of the hand of
different people measuring it. Similarly, length of a room measured by footspan of two persons may also vary
depending on the size of their feet
2. Explain the need for the standard units of measurement.
The ancient methods of measurement are not reliable as the length of body parts varies from one
person to another. Therefore, there is a need for standard units of measurement. In 1670, the French
astronomer and mathematician Gabriel Mouton created a standard set of units of measurement called the
metric system. This system was standardized in Republican France in
1790.
Adopting standard units of measurement does not solve the problem. All over the world, people may be
using different sets of standard units of measurement. For the sake of uniformity, scientists all over the world
have accepted a common set of standard units of measurement called the International Systems of Units or the
SI units.
International Systems of Units or the SI units:
➢ Scientists of different countries adopted the SI units in 1960.
➢ The SI unit for length is metre, the SI unit of mass is kilogram and the SI unit of time is second .
➢ People in different parts of the world also use other systems of measuring units such as the CGS system,
MKS system and FPS system.

3. Write the precautions needed to be taken for the accurate measurement of length using a measuring scale.
Precautions to be taken for accurate measurement:
➢ Ensure the scale is kept straight and aligned along the length of the object.
➢ Place the scale on the object in such a way that zero of the scale is at the starting point from where the
length is to be measured.
➢ Ensure that the ends of the scale are not broken. If the edge of the scale is broken or worn out, start
the measurement from any other clear marking. Later subtract the initial reading from the final
reading.
For example: if initial reading is 3 cm and final reading is 9 cm, then subtract 3 from 9. We will get the
length of the object as 6 cm.
➢ Also, ensure that your eyes are exactly above the point where the measurement is to be taken.

4.List the different types of motion with one example of each.

There are five types of motion
TYPES OF MOTION EXAMPLES
1) Translational motion - motion of a car
2) Rotational motion - motion of the blades of a moving fan
3) Periodic motion - motion of Earth around sun
4) Non-periodic motion - motion of a car moving on road
5) Random motion - motion of children playing in a park
5. With the help of a diagram, show the different motions shown by the Earth.
Earth shows two typesof motion namely
1) Rotational motion (about its own axis)
2) Revolution around the sun.