Development of a Web-Based Information System
for Hospital Management: A Systematic Literature
Review
Victor Ayodeji Oluwasusi1, Seren Başaran2
Department of Computer Information Systems, Near East University, Mersin 10, TR-99138 Nicosia, Turkey 1, 2, 3
Computer Information Systems Research and Technology Centre, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus 1, 3
Abstract—In the rapidly evolving landscape of healthcare, the
integration of web-based information systems has become
paramount, revolutionizing how medical data is managed,
diagnoses are made, and patient outcomes are improved. This
systematic literature review meticulously examines a
comprehensive body of research to unravel the complexities of
integrating these systems in healthcare contexts. Through a
systematic analysis of diverse studies, it becomes evident that web-
based information systems significantly enhance hospital
operations, optimize resource utilization, and improve patient care
experiences. The review underscores the transformative impact of
these systems in addressing critical challenges faced by healthcare
institutions, such as inefficient hospital management processes,
limited data accessibility, and communication gaps. By leveraging
innovative technologies and emphasizing user experience, these
systems have paved the way for more efficient, patient-centric
healthcare services. The findings not only provide valuable
insights for academics and researchers but also have practical
implications for healthcare practitioners, guiding future research,
policy-making, and technology development in the pursuit of a
more streamlined and patient-focused healthcare ecosystem.
Keywords—Web-based information system; Hospital
management; development.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the rapidly evolving landscape of healthcare, the
integration of advanced technologies and innovative information
systems has become imperative for optimizing patient care,
streamlining hospital management, and addressing the
challenges faced by healthcare institutions. The intersection of
healthcare and technology has paved the way for a myriad of
web-based information systems, revolutionizing how medical
data is managed, diagnoses are made, and patient outcomes are
improved. In the midst of this digital transformation, this
systematic literature review delves into the intricate web of
studies and research articles, exploring the vast realm of web-
based information systems management in healthcare.
The complexity of modern healthcare demands a
thorough understanding of the existing challenges faced by
hospital management systems and the subsequent solutions
offered by web-based information systems. With the
overarching goal of enhancing patient care, our review critically
examines the existing literature to unearth insights into the
hurdles experienced by healthcare institutions globally. Through
a systematic and comprehensive analysis, we aim to uncover the
methodologies, technologies, and tools employed in the
development and implementation of these web-based systems.
By doing so, we strive to provide a nuanced understanding of
the impact, effectiveness, and limitations of these systems in
addressing the intricacies of healthcare management.
Defining the Scope
This literature review focuses on answering fundamental
questions surrounding the integration of web-based
information systems in healthcare. We explore the existing
challenges faced by hospital management and investigate how
the implementation of these systems addresses these
challenges. Additionally, we delve into the technologies and
tools utilized in the development of these systems, shedding
light on the innovative approaches that have reshaped the
healthcare landscape.
The findings of this systematic literature review are not
only pertinent for academics and researchers but also hold
immense practical implications for healthcare practitioners,
policymakers, and technology developers. By unraveling the
layers of information embedded in the existing literature, this
review aims to guide future research endeavors, inform
strategic decision-making in healthcare management, and
inspire the development of cutting-edge solutions that
continue to bridge the gap between technology and healthcare.
This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive
exploration of the studies and research articles that follow. In
subsequent sections, we meticulously analyze the key
findings, methodologies, challenges, and successes
documented in the literature. Through this systematic journey,
we aim to provide a holistic perspective on the integration of
web-based information systems in healthcare, illuminating the
path toward a more efficient, patient-centric, and
technologically advanced healthcare ecosystem. On the other
hand, the scope of this study is to find the answers to the
following research questions.
RQ1: What are the existing challenges in hospital
management?
RQ2: How does the implementation of the web-based
information system address the problems?
 RQ3: What technologies and tools are employed in the development of the web-based information system?

AND “development”

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Extensive research has been conducted in the realm of In this systematic literature review focusing on developing
developing web-based information systems for hospital web-based information systems for hospital management,
Table II portrayed inclusion and exclusion criteria criteria were
management, aiming to identify crucial recommendations and established to ensure the selection process was rigorous and
methodologies essential for their successful implementation. consistent across the various databases considered. The
Previous studies [cite relevant sources] have delved into various selection criteria played a vital role in determining the overall
aspects of digital solutions tailored for healthcare quality of the literature review by filtering relevant studies. The
following guidelines were used to include or exclude research
administration, shedding light on innovative approaches and studies during the selection process:
best practices. One area of focus in the existing literature is the
TABLE II. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA OF THE STUDY
integration of Information Technology (IT) systems within
healthcare facilities. Scholars have emphasized the importance PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analysis) standards reflected the whole
of seamless integration along the entire hospital management
selection process, from the first database search to the final
chain, emphasizing the need for interoperability and data review process, including inclusion and exclusion criteria.
exchange among different departments and systems. The PRISMA criteria were developed to aid in choosing
Additionally, researchers have explored the significance of user- papers from various databases where the collected results
were broad and needed to be distilled to the barest necessities
friendly interfaces and intuitive design, ensuring that healthcare
based on qualities that would give the researchers with high-
professionals can navigate the system efficiently, leading to quality research journal articles. After doing a search during
improved workflow and patient care. the last decade and considering just papers published in
English, a total of 5794 items were retrieved from all three
databases (IEE, Scopus, and EBSCO). Based on the
Furthermore, a comparative analysis of web-based
parameters mentioned, the researchers were able to obtain the
hospital management systems has been conducted, examining following figures from their first searches in each database:
their effectiveness in diverse healthcare settings. These studies IEEE (39), Scopus (249), and EBSCO (5506). The
have provided valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses researchers were left with 192 publications after excluding
those that were not peer-reviewed journal articles, were not
of existing systems, allowing for the identification of features that open access, and were not research articles, as well as
enhance efficiency, accuracy, and overall hospital performance. screening the titles and abstracts. These 1924 papers were
then subjected to full-text evaluation, leaving them with 21
articles to include in their systematic literature review.
III. METHODOLOGY
For this systematic literature review in the field of
developing web-based information systems for hospital
management, specific protocols were followed to ensure the
highest quality of research. A comprehensive set of keywords
including "web-based information system" AND "hospital
management" AND "development" was used. A search of
peer-reviewed journal articles from the last five years up to
October 2023 was conducted. Articles in languages other than
English, those not openly accessible, publications predating the
last five years, and non-research articles were excluded from
the search. Given the significant advancements in healthcare
technology and information systems over the past five years,
publications from 2019 onward were specifically chosen to
encompass high-quality research in this domain. The
researchers utilized multiple reputable databases, namely
Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO, to conduct a
comprehensive search. This multifaceted approach aimed to
gather a diverse and exhaustive set of literature related to web-
based information systems in the context of hospital
management, ensuring a thorough analysis of the existing
research landscape.

TABLE I. KEYWORDS SEARCH QUERY

Keyword

MAIN “web-based information system”

AND “hospital management”

 high prices in urban areas, and non-profit organizations in
remote regions struggling to coordinate their efforts (Hossain
et al., 2022). Additionally, a shortage of medical
professionals due to dual employment compounds these
issues, making adequate medical care elusive. Inadequate
medicine distribution further hinders accessibility, as patients
are forced to rely on expensive informal sources due to the
lack of price control (Calado & Fabiano, 2020).

Animal Hospital X faces challenges stemming from

limited inpatient room availability (Permanasari et al., 2019).
These issues impact service quality, particularly during high
patient influx. Data processing difficulties impede effective
room management and decision-making (Al-Ghrairi et al.,
2021). The absence of a reference system leads to
disorganized room allocation, potentially causing delays and
customer dissatisfaction. Accurate estimation of patient
recovery time, crucial for efficient in-room arrangement,
becomes challenging due to these limitations, hindering staff
coordination and accurate cost estimation for patients Alison
D. Kissling & Kimberly D. Ballinger (2018).

In the context of the COVID-19 response, challenges

include rapid system deployment, information exchange,
EHR adaptability, privacy concerns, ethical considerations,
the digital divide, and global collaboration Ye Q, Zhou J, Wu
H (2020). Addressing these complex issues necessitates
Fig. 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of the study.
comprehensive and adaptable solutions to ensure effective
healthcare management, especially in times of crisis. The
COVID-19 pandemic exposed Brazil to pressing healthcare
challenges Permanasari et al., 2019). Urgent requirements,
TABLE III. DATA EXTRACTION
such as the need for more ICU beds and real-time monitoring,
Data Item Description highlighted the critical role of robust healthcare systems (de
Morais Barroca Filho et al., 2021). Challenges arose from
S/No Serial number of the included study
integrating COVID-19 data, particularly concerning data
Reference Reference of the included study
privacy and reliability. Time constraints limited quality
assurance practices, raising concerns about the accuracy of
Country Country of publication of the study information Ye Q, Zhou J, Wu H (2020). Creating an API for
electronic medical record integration became a priority,
Challenges Challenges in hospitals that necessitate the emphasizing the existing gaps in data integration and system
development of a web-based information system interoperability (Mouazer et al., 2022). The healthcare
landscape in many regions necessitates improved services and
Solutions Addressing the problems and enhancing hospital efficient health monitoring, especially in the context of global
management processes. health crises (Hossain et al., 2022). These issues include
inadequate healthcare services, discrimination between rural
Technologies Technologies and tools employed in the and urban areas, and shortages of medical professionals
development during critical times Permanasari et al., 2019). The
development of an IoT-based health monitoring system offers
Key findings Show the main results from the articles a solution, capable of real-time monitoring of patients' vital
parameters, aiming to reduce medical costs, enhance
Recommendations Show research gaps and areas of improvement healthcare services, and improve the overall quality of patient
care (Hossain et al., 2022).

IV. RESULTS
A. What are the existing challenges in hospital management
According to the findings of this SLR Across various
healthcare contexts, several recurring challenges persist,
demanding innovative solutions for a more efficient and
accessible healthcare landscape (Smith et al., 2023). Angola's
healthcare system grapples with a multitude of problems,
including the absence of a national plan for traditional
medicine, leading to unregulated sales in informal markets.
This exacerbates the already significant challenges of public
services lacking quality, for-profit private sectors charging
Efficiencies in hospital management are critical and
encompass several challenges, such as manual record-
keeping, communication errors, data flow hindrances, and
limited accessibility to patient data (Nguyen et al., 2011).
Implementing a web-based information system is vital to
centralize data, enhance real-time communication, reduce
errors, and provide secure, remote access to critical patient
information, ultimately improving patient care and
operational efficiency (Al-Ghrairi et al., 2021). In the
academic healthcare research realm, challenges encompass
faculty engagement, integration limitations, data
inconsistencies, and financial constraints, emphasizing the
urgent need for innovative solutions to enhance the efficiency
of healthcare management, particularly in areas like malaria
reporting and management Hasyim H, Firdaus F, Prabawa A,
Dale P, Harapan H, Groneberg DA, et al. (2020).
B. How does the implementation of the web-based
information system address the problems?
The healthcare system faces multifaceted challenges,
necessitates innovative solutions to enhance patient care and
streamline operations (Avery et al., 2019) . One key
advancement is the implementation of an emergency patient
screening system, enabling efficient hospital suggestions and
route planning, saving crucial time during emergencies (An et
al., 2023). Additionally, users can now search for
medications, locate nearby pharmacies, and access price
details, fostering informed decision-making. The introduction
of online help requests connects patients directly with
registered health professionals, offering timely advice and
support. To ensure accessibility, even in offline scenarios, the
system supports mobile research without an internet
connection, expanding healthcare information availability
(Calado & Fabiano, 2020).
Animal Hospital X leverages a Decision Support
System (DSS) to optimize inpatient room management
Permanasari et al., 2019). By predicting recovery time and
efficiently allocating available rooms, the DSS enhances
patient care and room allocation decisions. It aids animal
owners in estimating hospitalization costs, and facilitating
financial planning. Utilizing the ID3 algorithm, the DSS
ensures timely and appropriate patient care despite limited
room availability. Integrated into the hospital's web system, it
provides a user-friendly interface for both staff and owners,
improving service quality and operational efficiency (Al-
Ghrairi et al., 2021). The Leitos system revolutionizes the
management of COVID-19 ICU beds by offering real-time
monitoring capabilities. It provides accurate data on bed
availability, occupancy, and patient information through
intuitive visual dashboards. Healthcare professionals benefit
from analytical reports that aid in efficient decision-making
Ye Q, Zhou J, Wu H (2020). The system's user-friendly
interface simplifies data interpretation, utilizing color coding
for easy comprehension (Permanasari et al., 2019). Automatic
email alerts maintain data relevance, while future plans
include integration with other healthcare systems through an
API. The system's open-source initiative aims to support
regions facing similar ICU bed management challenges,
fostering collaborative solutions (De Morais Barroca Filho et
al., 2020).
In broader hospital management, the Hospital Management
System (HMS) adopts online platforms to enhance operations.
Internet-connected computers in every department ensure
rapid data retrieval and error-free automation, significantly
improving doctor-patient communication (Buddhi et al.,
2022). The system centralizes patient records, optimizes
queue management, and reduces waiting times(de Morais
Barroca Filho et al., 2021). The HMS drastically reduces
operational costs by minimizing manual efforts and enhancing
resource utilization, making healthcare services more efficient
and cost-effective. Addressing COPD Non-Pharmaceutical
Intervention (NPI) challenges demands systematic planning,
stakeholder involvement, and personalized interventions for
varied disease stages (An et al., 2023). Nurse educators face
unique challenges, requiring structured approaches and
mentorship programs for skill development (Smith et al.,
2023). Clear guidelines, competency frameworks, and
institutional support foster a supportive environment. These
strategies empower nurse educators, helping them overcome
obstacles and enhancing their professional development.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) implementation
necessitates accurate patient data integration and machine
learning for personalized recommendations (Mouazer et al.,
2022). Addressing conflict resolution, standardized
evaluations, real-world data integration, and tailoring
solutions for the elderly improve CDSS effectiveness in
managing healthcare complexities. The implementation of
various web-based systems enhances hospital efficiency and
patient outcomes. Centralizing patient data ensures efficient
communication, standardized information, and enhanced
patient safety . These systems enable remote accessibility,
streamline workflows, engage patients, ensure cost efficiency,
and provide real-time analytics for informed decision-making
(Avery et al., 2019). Additionally, automated temperature
monitoring systems eliminate manual checks, enhance data
security, and improve hospital efficiency (Seneviratne et al.,
2021; Syed-Mohamad et al., 2010).
Joomla's web-based reporting system addresses several
challenges by enhancing accessibility, technological
affordability, speed, and efficiency. It supports policy-
making, reduces manual reporting limitations, and potentially
offers a cost-effective solution, streamlining the reporting
process and catering to the healthcare system's needs in
managing malaria effectively (Syed-Mohamad et al., 2010;
Hasyim H, Firdaus F, Prabawa A, Dale P, Harapan H,
Groneberg DA, et al. (2020).
C. What technologies and tools are employed in the
development of the web-based information system
In this study, we examined a diverse range of
technologies and frameworks employed in the
development of various healthcare information systems,
highlighting their significance and effectiveness in
addressing the complex requirements of modern
healthcare management. The systems discussed in the
articles showcase innovative solutions, incorporating
cutting-edge technologies to enhance patient care,
streamline hospital operations, and improve overall
healthcare outcomes.
Ruby, Java, C#, and PHP were identified as
primary programming languages utilized in these
healthcare systems (Permanasari et al., 2019). Ruby, with
its versatility, proved instrumental in enabling efficient
web development through frameworks like Ruby on
Rails. Java, a widely used language, facilitated rapid
prototyping of interfaces in the Leitos system,
demonstrating its portability and scalability (De Morais
Barroca Filho et al., 2020). C# and PHP, employed in
Hospital Management Systems and web-based
applications, respectively, enhanced functionality and
logic, ensuring robust server-side scripting and seamless
user experience (Seneviratne et al., 2021).
Frameworks such as Spring Framework in Java
applications and ASP.NET in Hospital Management
Systems played pivotal roles in simplifying the
integration of components, accelerating system
development, and ensuring comprehensive infrastructure
support (Buddhi et al., 2022). Thymeleaf, as a server-side
Java template engine, allowed the creation of dynamic
web pages, enhancing user interaction and data rendering
(Calado & Fabiano, 2020). Git, a distributed version
control system, facilitated collaborative development,
version tracking, and code review, ensuring the integrity
of the codebase Hasyim H, Firdaus F, Prabawa A, Dale
P, Harapan H, Groneberg DA, et al. (2020).
Database management systems like PostgreSQL,
SQL Server, and MySQL were employed to securely
store, manage, and retrieve critical patient data (Syed-
Mohamad et al., 2010; Permanasari et al., 2019).
PostgreSQL, an open-source object-relational database
system, stood out for its robust support for complex
queries, transactions, and data integrity, making it
suitable for managing healthcare data efficiently (Calado
& Fabiano, 2020). MS ACCESS, despite being employed
in certain systems, demonstrated its effectiveness in
efficiently managing databases and storing patient
records (Buddhi et al., 2022).
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, fundamental web
technologies, were utilized for creating seamless and
visually appealing user interfaces (Smith et al., 2022).
Bootstrap, React.js, and SASS further enhanced the user
experience, ensuring clear and organized stylesheets,
responsive web design, and streamlined user interaction
elements Hasyim H, Firdaus F, Prabawa A, Dale P,
Harapan H, Groneberg DA, et al. (2020). Barcode
technology and IoT-based solutions enabled efficient
patient identification and wireless monitoring,
showcasing the integration of innovative technologies in
healthcare systems Ye Q, Zhou J, Wu H (2020).
V. DISCUSSION
The literature review illuminated several challenges
faced by healthcare institutions, including inefficient hospital
management processes, delayed data retrieval, error-prone
manual calculations, and ineffective communication channels.
These challenges often lead to suboptimal patient care,
resource misallocation, and increased operational costs. It is
essential to recognize these challenges as fundamental issues
that impede the efficient functioning of healthcare facilities
(Buddhi et al., 2022; De Morais Barroca Filho et al., 2021).
The implementation of web-based information
systems, such as the Leitos system and the HMS, serves as a
strategic response to the identified challenges in hospital
management (De Morais Barroca Filho et al., 2020). These
systems streamline hospital operations, enhance
communication between doctors and patients, reduce manual
efforts, improve data accuracy, optimize resource utilization,
and offer cost-effective healthcare services (Avery et al.,
2019); Buddhi et al., 2022). The Leitos system, developed
using Agile Scrum, exemplifies how rapid deployment and
real-time monitoring can address challenges in ICU bed
management during emergencies like the COVID-19
pandemic (De Morais Barroca Filho et al., 2020). The HMS,
on the other hand, centralizes healthcare data, enables
efficient communication, and provides real-time analytics,
ensuring compliance and maintaining data security. These
systems represent innovative solutions that directly tackle the
inefficiencies and shortcomings in traditional hospital
management processes.
The development of these web-based information
systems relies on a diverse range of technologies and tools.
Examples include ASP.Net, VB.Net, and C++ in the case of
the BK-eHospital system in Vietnam, highlighting the
importance of versatile programming languages in system
development. Additionally, open-source technologies, such as
Joomla, were employed to create web-based solutions like the
Malaria Reporting Information System (MRIS) in Indonesia
Hasyim H, Firdaus F, Prabawa A, Dale P, Harapan H,
Groneberg DA, et al. (2020). IoT sensors were utilized for
real-time monitoring, triggering alerts for abnormal
conditions, and ensuring efficient emergency response.
Furthermore, the adoption of Agile methodologies,
particularly Agile Scrum, played a pivotal role in the rapid
development and deployment of systems like Leitos in Brazil,
emphasizing the significance of agile project management
practices in healthcare technology implementation. (De
Morais Barroca Filho et al., 2020; Emmanuel & Philip, 2019)
VI. CONCLUSION
This SLR reviewed past research articles on transformative
potential of web-based information systems and innovative
technologies in overcoming the challenges faced by healthcare
institutions globally. The studies discussed exemplify the
successful implementation of these systems, emphasizing the
crucial role of real-time monitoring, efficient communication,
and agile methodologies. By adopting web-based solutions,
hospitals can streamline operations, enhance patient care,
optimize resource utilization, and improve overall healthcare
service efficiency. However, there remain crucial areas for
further research and development. Future studies should
concentrate on enhancing interoperability and integration with
existing Electronic Health Records, focusing on user experience
through human-centered design principles, implementing
advanced data analytics and predictive modeling for data-driven
decision-making, integrating web-based systems with telehealth
platforms to enhance remote patient monitoring, ensuring robust
cybersecurity measures and safeguarding patient data privacy,
conducting comparative studies to determine best practices, and
addressing socio-economic disparities to promote inclusivity in
healthcare technology access. By exploring these avenues,
researchers and practitioners can contribute significantly to the
ongoing evolution of healthcare technology, fostering more
efficient, accessible, and patient-centered healthcare services in
the future.
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