GR 4 My Social Studies Notebook

MY SOCIAL STUDIES NOTEBOOK GRADE FOUR BIBI YASMIN HATIM
MY SOCIAL STUDIES
NOTEBOOK
GRADE FOUR
Book 1
Bibi Yasmin Hatim

1
MY SOCIAL STUDIES
NOTEBOOK
GRADE 4
Bibi Yasmin Hatim
BOOK 1
2
Acknowledgment
The author wants to thank everyone who has contributed to completing this
book series.
MY SOCIAL STUDIES NOTEBOOK

GRADE FOUR
First Edition: October 2022

Author: Bibi Yasmin Hatim
Illustrator: Bibi Yasmin Hatim
Published by:
Cover Design by: Bibi Yasmin Hatim
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
in writing of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the conditions that it
shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out circulated
without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than
which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition
being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
3
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT 1: INTERACTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCE 7
• What is a leader?
• Leaders in the community
• What is a Biography?
• What Is a Biographic Profile?
• Biographic Profile
• Leaders that Develop the Administrative Region
• In every region there are persons who are known for their
contribution to the arts.
• Traditional Locations of Ethnic Groups in Regions in Guyana
• List the ethnic groups living in the region before and
complete the other areas.
• History of Guyana
• Create a timeline showing the history of immigration to the
Administrative Region
• Reasons Why the Different Ethnic Groups come to Guyana
• Ways the Ethnic Groups worked together in the Past and
Present
• Historical Buildings and Places Associated with the Ethnic
Groups in the Administrative Regions
• State the significance of the buildings and places to the
region’s cultural diversity.
• List the reasons why the buildings are significant.
UNIT 2: DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP 30
• Where we live?
• Administrative Regions
• Guyana as part of South America and a part of the World
• The Administrative Centre of the Administrative Regions
• Settlements
4
• Settlements in Guyana
• Factors that made people settle
• Geographical Formations
• Types of Geological Features
• Guyana Physical Features
• Geographical Formations in Guyana
• Comparing the Landforms of two Administrative Regions
• The Impact of Geography and Cultural Traditions on the
Architecture in the Administrative Region
• Materials used for building structures
• How cultural traditions have influenced the structures built in
the administrative region?
• Lifestyle of the People in the Administrative Region
• The Vegetation of Guyana
• Economic Activity and Resources of Each Administrative
Region
• The Ethnic Groups in Guyana
• History of the Ethnic Groups in Guyana
• The Indigenous People
• Indigenous Tribes
• Amerindian Settlements
• Ways the Indigenous People make use of and care for the
land.
• The Location of the titled Amerindian Lands
• Land Claim Issues
5
Unit 1:
Interactions and
Interdependence
Interrelationships explore the interaction or connection between
various items or events.
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What is a leader?
A leader is an individual who guides others in their pursuits, often
by organizing, directing, coordinating, and motivating their efforts.
Leaders in the community

Community leaders take responsibility for the well-being and
improvement of their communities.
Every community has leaders. Some community leaders are:
Trusted community leaders include local church leaders,

community activists, school officials, and local business leaders.
List examples of leaders in your community.

Church Community School Local Business
Leaders Activists Officials Leaders
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Some leaders become great. People remember them through their

biography.
What is a Biography?
A biography is simply the story of a real person’s life. The facts of
their life, from birth to death (or the present day of the author), are
included with life-changing moments often taking center stage.
The author usually points to the subject’s childhood, coming-of-age

events, relationships, failures, and successes in order to create a
well-rounded description of her subject.
What Is a Biographic Profile?

A biographic profile is an account of the life and activities of an
individual or family. It would include information about the person's
name, place of residence, education, occupation, life, what this
person did, and why this person is remembered as being important
and famous.
Create a biography of you.
8
Before Guyana gained its independence, plenty people from all

the different administrative regions played a part in its
development.
Find out who contributed significantly to the development of

the administrative region before Guyana’s independence in 1966.
Let us read together and find out about the leaders of Guyana.
Some of the Heroes and Architects of Independence
Guyana's path to independence began with slavery and the Enmore Martyrs. It
began earlier than the signing of the Agreement on May 26, 1966, and is an
honour to those who fought for it.
Overthrowing Magdaleneburg, The Cuffy

Story
In 1633, the first set of Africans was brought as
slaves. Longing for freedom they would run
away from the plantation. When caught, they
were flogged or even killed. They revolt many
times.
The 1763 revolution held on the 23rd of February,
was led by a house slave named Cuffy. Cuffy was
an Akan man from West Africa who lived in the
Dutch Colony of Berbice. He lived in Lilienburg
as a house slave.
The slaves overran plantation Magdaleneburg, removing their masters, and
taking their freedom. During that battle for freedom, Cuffy was aided by two
slaves Atta and Akara. After the plantations were recaptured by the Dutch,
Cuffy shot himself in the head, in a bid to never submit to his enslavers.
Cuffy left a legacy that inspired other slaves to fight for their freedom and never
give up until they were free. Today he is looked upon as a national Hero.
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Damon and The Fall of La Belle Alliance

African slaves gained independence in
1834 and were shifted into
apprenticeships. However, the
apprenticeship system was abolished in
1838. Charles Bean, owner of the
Richmond sugar plantation, caused
trouble by killing pigs and cutting fruit
trees. Ex-slave Damon opposed Bean's
unjust treatment and protested the
apprenticeship scheme. The labour
situation worsened when ex-slaves gathered in La Belle Alliance, leading to
Governor Smyth arresting the leaders. Damon, known as the "Captain," was
hanged for rebellion in front of the Parliament Buildings. Although Damon lost
his life, his resilience influenced many other ex-slaves and even warned
plantation owners of the strength and the will of the Africans to be free.
The Enmore Martyrs

On June 16, 1948, five sugar workers, known as the Enmore Martyrs, were shot
and killed by police at the Enmore Estate in East Coast Demerara, Guyana.
Lallabaggie and Dookie from Enmore, and Rambarran, Harry and Pooran from
Enterprise/Non Pareil, are known as the Enmore Martyrs, who lost their lives
while protesting unfair treatment
on the sugar estates.
The workers protested unfair

treatment on sugar estates,
demanding the abolishment of
the "cut and load" system and a
"cut and drop" system. They
demanded higher wages and
improved living conditions. The
strike aimed to recognize the Guyana Industrial Workers Union as the
bargaining union for all sugar estate workers.
A crowd of around 400 workers protested outside the Enmore factory, and
police were sent to assist. The crowd, led by a worker carrying a red flag,
attempted to enter the factory compound through gates and trench gaps, but
were prevented. The police opened fire, resulting in the deaths of five sugar
workers and injuries to 14 others.
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The sacrifice of those five sugar workers brought enough attention to the plight
of the sugar workers that some of the major objectives were achieved, including
better treatment of sugar workers. The tragedy and sacrifice of these workers
greatly influenced Dr. Jagan's political philosophy and outlook.
Stephen Campbell
On December 26, 1897, Maria Dos Santos and her husband Tiburtio Campbell
welcomed their son, Stephen Esterban
Campbell, who would become a legend
and hero for many Amerindians and
Guyanese. Born to the Arawak Tribe,
Campbell was raised by his
grandmother and became the first
Indigenous member of the British
Guiana Legislative Council. He entered
the Council on September 10, 1957,
chosen to honour the national
contribution of Indigenous Guyanese.
Campbell was a teacher, bauxite miner,

and farmer, influencing his activism for
education for Indigenous peoples. At
60, he entered party politics, joining the
National Labour Front (NLF), and was
passionate about equal opportunities
for Indigenous peoples.
During his parliamentary days, Campbell fought for educational opportunities

and land rights for indigenous communities. Amerindians in British Guiana had
no formal title of ownership or legal rights to their lands, leading to fear of
trampled rights and expropriation. In 1962, Campbell travelled to London to
present a petition and lobby the British Government for recognition of
Amerindian land rights. He presented the petition to the British Secretary of
State, Duncan Sandys, in London.
Sadly, Campbell passed away on May 12, 1966, two weeks before British Guiana
gained independence. However, his efforts ensured that Indigenous Peoples
had legal ownership of land and rights of occupancy, which were embodied in
the Independence provisions.
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‘Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow
Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow (18 December 1884 – 14 May 1958)[1] is notable as

the founder of the modern trade union movement in Guyana.
Critchlow was born in Georgetown, Guyana. Little is known of his early

childhood but in his late teens, after leaving school, he was a dock worker. At
the age of 21, he began his struggle for the interest of waterfront workers' wage
negotiations and rights. His struggle continued into 1917 when he founded
the British Guiana Labor Union (BGLU). The BGLU is officially the first trade
union in the Caribbean.
In 1945 he attended the World Trade Union Conference as President of

the British Guiana Trades Union
Council. Often referred to as 'The
father of Trade Unions', Critchlow was
the first man in British Guiana to
formalize labour negotiations. He died
in Georgetown in 1958.
On 2 December 1964 then premier of

Guyana, Dr Cheddi Jagan, unveiled a
bronze statue of Critchlow in the
compound of the Parliament Building.
Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow devoted
his life to changing the harsh
conditions under which men were
forced to work in those days. His work is especially remembered on 1 May,
which is designated as Labour Day or Workers' Day or May Day.
On this day, wreaths are laid at the base of Critchlow's statue by leaders of the
government and prominent trades unionists. Worker’s parade through the
streets of the township dressed in red and white. They march under the banner
of their trade union in a show of solidarity for workers' rights.
Jung Bahadur Singh of Guyana (1886-1956)
Born in 1886 as “Dina Nath alias Jung Bahadur Singh” to parents of Nepalese
extraction, Dr Jung Bahadur Singh (JB Singh), grew up in Good Fortuin, an old
Dutch plantation (the family later moved to Vreed-en-Hoop). He served as a
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member of the British Guiana Legislative Council for 23 years, after being
elected in 1930, until his electoral defeat in 1953.
As a legislator, JB Singh was a sitting member of almost every parliamentary

committee, during which time he represented the members of the multi-ethnic
Demerara-Essequibo. His ideological perspective was influenced and
contoured by his cultural beliefs and his experience as a ship doctor on the
immigration ships on which he accompanied Indians as they travelled from
India to the British colonies, as well as on the ships that returned the girmitiyas
(contract labourers) to Mother India.
He was among the few qualified medical doctors
who initially returned to serve Guyanese after
graduating from Edinburg University in 1919. As a
founder of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, JB
Singh demonstrated a steadfast commitment to his
Hindu values. He was a strong advocate for the right
of Indians to be cremated as part of the last funeral rites of Hindus. His most
persistent and determined efforts, however, were reflected in the struggle to
secure the right to universal adult suffrage, a struggle championed later by
Cheddi Jagan.
Dr JB Singh ought to be celebrated as a “politician, ship doctor, labour leader,

and protector of Indians” in British Guiana. JB Singh emerged as a trusted
mediator helping to use his “good offices” to resolve labour disputes between
sugar workers in his constituency and management. He subsequently became
a leading member of two labour unions, the British Guiana Labour Union, as
well as the British Guiana Workers’ League (formed in 1931). Dr JB Singh was
elected seven times to serve as President of the British Guiana East Indian
Association (BGEIA).
When JB Singh died in 1956, he was honoured with the largest funeral
procession in the country which The Daily Argosy described as one “witnessed
by thousands of people gathered from all over the colony”. He became the first
Indian to be granted official permission post-houmous to be cremated in British
Guyana.
Identify a leader in your region prior to Guyana’s independence.
________________________________________________________________
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Read about the leader. You can use the leaders from the
article if they are from your region.
Complete the biographic profile of the leader chosen.

Biographic Profile
Any other details
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………
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After Independence, more people became leaders. They

contributed to different areas such as the government, businesses,
education, medicine, law, sports, and architecture.
Think about your administrative regions.
Leaders that Develop Region………………………………………

List the leaders from your administrative regions that contributed
to these areas.
Area of Contribution Name of Leaders
Government
Business
Education
Architecture
Medicine
Law
Sports
15
Use the names listed and create a leader profile using the table.
Contributions of individuals from my region
Name of Gender Date of Ethnic Area of

Individual birth group contributions
16
In every region there are persons who are known for their
contribution to the arts.
Investigate the people in your region and name at least

one person who contribute to the development of art, music,
dance, writing and storytelling.
Name of Ethnicity Contribution Significance Evidence

Individual today
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Traditional Locations of Ethnic Groups in

Regions in Guyana
In Guyana, the different ethnic groups settle all over.
The map shows the different groups and where they settled in Guyana.
List the ethnic groups living in your administrative regions.
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………
Read the information on the map and use it to draw a map of
your region.
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Insert the settlements for the different ethnic groups living in

your region.
List the ethnic groups living in the region before and

complete the other areas.
Ethnic Groups Locations Languages

Traditional (Examples of words
and phrases)
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History of Guyana
The history of Guyana begins about 35,000 years ago with the
arrival of humans who became the Carib and Arawak tribes.
The first arrival of the European was Alonso de Ojeda in 1499

which led to the arrival of more Europeans in.
During the colonial era the Spanish, French, Dutch and British
settlers ruled over the different counties.
The Dutch established the first European settlement in what is now

Guyana. By the 1660s, 2500 slaves had been brought to the Dutch
territory to work on plantations.
In 1814, the British had ownership over all three counties, and they
merge the three counties into British Guyana.
Guyana gained Independence in 1966 and in 1970 became Co-

operative Republic.
Essequibo 1616–1815
Berbice 1627–1815
Pomeroon 1650–1689
Demerara 1745–1815
British Guiana 1814–1966
Independence 1966–1970
Co-operative Republic 1970–present
Create a timeline showing the history of immigration of the people
living there to region……
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21
Read the article
Reasons Why the Different Ethnic Groups come to Guyana
The Amerindians
The Amerindians followed the animals they hunted to the north
because they were their food source and to move away from the
cold to the warmth.
The Europeans
• came in search of the city of Gold called Eldorado.
• search for new land in the name of the country they came
from.
• believed that they have a sacred duty to God to convert
non-believers to Christianity
The Portuguese
• They were first brought to Guyana to increase the white
population to help fight for the planters if there was a need
to.
• They were then contracted as indentured labourers to work
on the sugar plantation.
The East Indians

The East Indians were brought in as indentured labourers after the
Portuguese refused to work on the plantation, the planters
needed a new labour force.
The Chinese
The East Indians did not stay on another term; they left the
plantations. The planters brought the Chinese to work as
indentured labourers.
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Use the article and other information and complete the table.
Names of Homeland Reasons for Departure Work they
Ethnic Did
Groups
Use either poetry, drama, puppetry, writing or other forms to

represent the challenges the different ethnic groups have
experienced within the region you are living in.
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Ways the Ethnic Groups worked together in

the Past and Present
In the past the different ethnic groups worked together.
• They pool their money and buy land from the plantation
owners.
• They throw box hand to purchase things for themselves and
family.
• They build things in the community through self-help groups.
• They assist each other when they must build things or need
help at festivals and celebrations.
Ways the Ethnic Groups worked together Presently
• They build things in the community through self-help groups.

• They assist each other when they must build things or need
help at festivals and celebrations.
• They form clubs such as sports, policing group, etc.
• They clean up the community.
• Help the senior citizens in the community.
24
Read the information on the page before and complete the Venn
diagram.
Compare and contrast the different ways the ethnic groups

worked together in the past and present
25
Historical Buildings and Places Associated with

the Ethnic Groups in the Administrative
Regions
In each administrative region, there are buildings, special places,
or monuments associated with the different ethnic groups.
Some Heritage Sites of Guyana
Name Location
1763 Monument D’Urban Park, Georgetown

Fort Kyk-Over-Al Mazaruni, Essequibo&
Cuyuni Rivers, Essequibo
Fort Nassau
Fort Nassau, Upper Berbice
Fort Zeelandia
Fort Island, Essequibo River
Robbstown, (Company
Non-Aligned Monument
Path) Georgetown
Red House (Cheddi
Kingston, Georgetown
Jagan Research Centre)
St. George’s Cathedral Lacytown, Georgetown
State House North Cummingsburg,
Georgetown
Umana Yana Kingston, Georgetown
African Liberation
Kingston, Georgetown
Monument
Aishalton Petroglyphs Rupununi, Essequibo
Shell Beach Barima-Waini, Essequibo
Stabroek Market Stabroek, Georgetown

Avenue of the Republic,
City Hall
Georgetown
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Name Location
Kaieteur Falls Kaieteur Park, Essequibo
Mount Roraima Pakaraima, Essequibo

Cenotaph (Central
Mabaruma, Essequibo
Mabaruma)
Mabaruma Stone
Mabaruma, Essequibo
Monument
Hosororo Falls Mabaruma, Essequibo
Kissing Rocks Mabaruma, Essequibo

Heroes of Moruca Santa Rosa, Moruca,
Monument Essequibo
Stephen Campbell Santa Rosa, Moruca,
Monument Essequibo
East Indian Settlement
Bush Lot, Essequibo
Monument
Anna Regina High Anna Regina, Essequibo
Bridge Coast
St. Bartholomew Queenstown, Essequibo
Anglican Church Coast
La Belle Alliance, Essequibo
Damon’s Cross
Coast
Anna Regina, Essequibo
Damon Monument
Coast
St. Peter’s Anglican Leguan Island, Essequibo
Church River
27
List the buildings or sites found in your administrative region.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Why are these buildings considered to be historical?
An historic building is a structure with historical value, connected

to past events, and is considered important in planning decisions.
It may hold special historic interest due to its significance in a
specific historical event or period, or its association with nationally
important people. It may also have special historic interest in the
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building itself, such as its construction methods, design, and

architectural significance.
State the significance of the buildings and places to the region’s
cultural diversity.
Historic buildings offer valuable insights into past living and working
practices, interior design, architecture, and ancestors' way of life,
providing both historical and educational value.
Historic buildings serve as visual reminders of a town's cultural

heritage, and their renovation is crucial to preserve the nation's
history and culture.
Historic buildings attract visitors worldwide due to their fascinating

history, distinctive architecture, materials, and decoration,
boosting tourism, job creation, and revitalizing communities.
Heritage buildings benefit businesses by providing a beautiful

backdrop, attracting builders, contractors, and experts,
enhancing the economy and creating employment. Some are
also repurposed as homes or commercial properties, giving the
area a new lease of life.
List the reasons why the buildings are significant.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Unit 2:
Dynamic
Relationships
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Where we live?
We live in
A Village
Which ia apart of
an Adminstrative
region
Which is a part of
the country -
Guyana
Which is a part of
a continent -
South America
Which is part of
the world.
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Administrative Regions
Guyana is divided into ten administrative regions.
32
Each Administrative region has a special name.
33
Shade your administrative region on the map of Guyana.
Write the name of your administrative region.
________________________________________________________________
34
Guyana is found in the continent of South America. South

America consists of the following countries: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
-*
35
Find the map of Guyana on the map of South America.

Insert your administrative region on the map.
36
South America is one of the seven continents of the world.
37
Guyana location on the map of the world.
38
Find South America on the map of the world and circle it.
Find Guyana on the map and insert your administrative region.
39
The Administrative Centre of the Administrative

Regions
Each administrative region has an administrative centre.
No. Region Administrative Centre
1 Barima-Waini Mabaruma
2 Pomeroon-Supenaam Anna Regina
3 Essequibo Islands-West Demerara Vreed en Hoop
4 Demerara-Mahaica Triumph
5 Mahaica-Berbice Fort Wellington
6 East Berbice-Corentyne New Amsterdam
7 Cuyuni-Mazaruni Bartica
8 Potaro-Siparuni Mahdia
9 Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Lethem
10 Upper Demerara-Berbice Linden
Write the name of the administrative centre of your region.
________________________________________________________________
Draw a map of your region and insert your administrative centre.
40
Locate the administrative centre (RDC) of your

administrative region on a map of their region and a map of
Guyana.
41
Settlements
A settlement is a place where people live.
Different settlements within different administrative regions.
Region 4 Region 1
Region 9 Region 2
A settlement may be as small as a single house in a remote area
or as large as a megacity
Use the pictures and define settlement.
42
In Guyana people settle at various parts within each

administrative region.
43
In early settlements, the deciding factors were natural site factors.
Building materials, shelter, protection, water, wood, rivers, and flat

land are all examples of natural site factors.
Create a mind map explaining why each of these natural

factors would have been significant to early settlers.
building
shelter protection
materials
water wood rivers
flat land
44
Look at each picture and the information given and then

write why early settlers chose to live there.
45
Look at each picture and the information given and then

write why early settlers chose to live there.
46
People settle in different areas within the administrative regions.

There are many reasons why humans make the choices they do
about building settlements.
Factors include:
Physical Features Human Factors

• Body of water • people who share a
(transportation routes, common language,
water for drinking and religion, or culture
farming) • social network or supports
• Flat land (easy to build) • quality of life
• Fertile soil (for crops) • employment
• Forests (timber and
housing)
Investigate where people settle on a map of your

administrative region.
List the areas where they settle.
What is present in these areas made the people settle there?
47
In your administrative region, state the reasons why the Ethnic

Group (s) settled in different areas.
48
Geographical Formations
Geological feature refers to the landscape or appearance

and shape of the Earth's surface. These features are created by
geological forces like depositions which elevate the Earth's
surface and erosions which wear it away. These natural forces
have been shaping the Earth for millions of years.
Geological features are physical features of Earth.
Types of Geological Features
Geological features include
mountain lake river
waterfall flat land hill
ocean river forest
49
Guyana Physical Features

Guyana's terrain is mainly rolling highlands. There are low coastal
plains in the north and savanna in the south. The country can be
divided into three regions: a narrow plain along the Atlantic where
most of the population lives; a white sand belt consisting of dense
rainforests; and finally, the larger interior highlands consisting
mostly of mountains that gradually rise to the Brazilian border.
Between the Rupununi River and the border with Brazil lies the
Rupununi savannah, south of which lies the Kanuku Mountains.
Principal rivers are the Mazaruni, Demerara, and Essequibo.
(Highlight the location of your administrative region)
50
Geographical Formations in Guyana

• Beach: A sloping shoreline consisting of sand, gravel, soil or
other sediment.
• Cave: a hollow space in the ground or mountain with an
opening to enter.
• Cliff: A high, steep slope of rock or soil coastland along the
sea or ocean
• Dam: a wall built across a stream or river to hold back water
• Forest: a large tract of land covered with trees and
underbrush; extensive wooded area
• Gully: a channel cut in the hillside or mountainside from
• hill: a raised part of the earth’s surface with sloping sides
• Island: an area of land surrounded by water
• lake: a large body of water surrounded by land
• Mountain: high, rocky land, usually with steep sides and a
pointed or rounded top, higher than a hill
• Mountain Range: a long chain of mountains; a row of
connected mountains
• Ocean: largest body of salt water; these cover 3/4 of the
earth’s surface.
• Plain: a broad, flat, or gently rolling area; low in elevation.
• Pond: a small body of water surrounded by land.
• Prairie: a large plains region with tall grass.
• Ravine: a smaller form of a valley with steep sides.
• River: a large stream of water flowing through the land into a
lake, ocean, or other body of water.
• River Island: an island in a river.
• Swamp: an area of land that is always soaked with water;
low, wet land that supports grass and trees.
• Valley: low land between hills or mountains.
• Waterfall: place where running water makes a sheer drop,
usually over a cliff.
(Only focus on the geographic formations of your administrative

region)
51
Some of the geographical formations within the administrative

region. Add the others for your administrative regions.
Region Name Geographical Formation
Number
Region 1 Barima - Waini flat land, rivers, beaches,
forest
Region 2 Pomeroon - Supenaam flat lands, rivers, beaches,
forest, hilly sandy area,
lakes, creek
Region 3 Essequibo Islands - West islands, flat lands, rivers,
Demerara beaches, forest
Region 4 Demerara - Mahaica flat lands, rivers
Region 5 Mahaica - Berbice flat lands, rivers, beaches,

forest
Region 6 East Berbice - flat lands, rivers, beaches,
Corentyne forest, savannah
Region 7 Cuyuni - Mazaruni rivers, beaches, forest,
mountains, hilly sandy
area, creek
Region 8 Potaro - Siparuni rivers, forest, mountains
Region 9 Upper Takutu - Upper flat lands, rivers, forest,

Essequibo savannah
Region 10 Upper Demerara - rivers, forest, hilly sandy
Upper Berbice area, lakes, creek
Study a map of your administrative region and insert the

different geographical formations.
Make a list of the different geographical formations of your region.
52
Classify the characteristics of the administrative region…………….
Geographical Formations
Soil Type
Build of Land
Waterbody
Type of land (example:

grassland, etc.)
53
Comparing the Landforms of two Administrative Regions
Geographical My Administrative Administrative

Formations Region Region ……………..
Soil Type
Build of Land
Waterbody
Type of land
(example:
grassland, etc.)
How is the other administrative region like my administrative

region?
How is the other administrative region different to my

administrative region?
54
Draw to show the landforms of the two administrative regions.
My Region Other Region
55
The Impact of Geography and Cultural

Traditions on the Architecture in the
Administrative Region
The Architecture of the Buildings/Structures in the Administrative

Regions
Many administrative regions on the coastland have houses built
by Europeans or European-style houses. This is so because they
were the settlers who constructed different buildings to benefit
their investment.
Also, traditional houses are popular. They were first built by the
freed African slaves.
56
In the administrative regions in the hinterland, you find a mixture of

traditional houses and cultural houses.
How does the geography of the administrative regions impact the

type of buildings/structures in the area?
The building of the land plays a significant role in the kind of
houses made.
Different administrative regions have various kinds of houses based
on the materials available in the region or the access to the
materials.
57
Look at the geography of your administrative region. How

has it impacted the kind of houses built there?
58
Materials used for building structures
clay bricks wood mud
stone tree cement
bamboo glass sand
iron zinc cement blocks
List the resources/materials used to build the different structures in

your administrative regions.
59
Why were the materials used to build the different structures?
60
How cultural traditions have influenced the structures built in the

Read the article.
Architecture…Building under our sun
Guyana's distinctive architecture, primarily found in timber

domestic buildings around Georgetown, is derived from European
states. The settlers built in their homeland's styles, but the buildings
adapted to new climatic and environmental conditions.
Geography played a significant role in the development of

houses. Houses were raised above flood level to provide shelter for
domestic animals and storerooms.
The Amerindians at that time living in these swampy areas had
already learned how to build their houses in trees. They cut trees
to a height of five or six feet from the ground and built platforms
on the tree trunks above the level of the flood waters. And those
living in the hinterland build houses using the earth and trees.
Traditional houses were the standard for construction. Traditional

houses were made with the kitchen detached from the hut, a
raised platform with a roof, and three sides to protect the pot and
fire from wind and rain. Dutch barn-type doors provided
adequate ventilation. The sun's intense heat required shade,
which was achieved by adding an open veranda in front of the
house.
61
Look at the buildings in your administrative region, and how

cultural traditions have influenced the structures.
62
Lifestyle of the People in the Administrative Region
The Vegetation of Guyana
63
Economic Activity and Resources of Each Administrative Region
Region 1 – Barima Waini
The region's main economic activity

is logging. Other activities include
timber processing, and gold and
diamond mining.
Region 2 – Pomeroon –
Supenaam
Besides rice farming, some people
cultivate coconuts and care for beef
and dairy cattle. Timber production is conducted on a
small scale in this region. Not surprisingly, the Region is
known as ‘the Rice land.’
Region 3 – Essequibo
Islands – West Demerara
Rice farming is predominant, with
small amounts of sugar and coconut
cultivation. Also beef and dairy
farming.
Region 4 – Demerara-
Mahaica Guyana's administrative and
commercial activities are primarily
concentrated in Georgetown, with
sugar, coconut, kitchen gardens,
and small amounts of cattle for beef
and dairy production.
64
Region 5 – Mahaica Rice farming is the main economic

Berbice activity of this region, followed by
sugar and coconut farming, and
beef and dairy cattle ranching. The
Amerindians make beautiful nibbi
furniture, tibisiri baskets, and other
craft items, which they sell to earn
their living.
Region 6 – East Berbice-

Corentyne This Region is an important rice-
producing, cattle-rearing,
sugarcane-producing area, kitchen
farms, and a small-scale timber
production.
Region 7 – Cuyuni –
Mazaruni
The Amerindians plant crops. These
crops supply the settlements. There is
a large scale of gold and diamond
mining in the Region.
Region 8 – Potaro –
Siparuni
The people are involved in gold and

diamond mining and forestry.
65
Region 9 – Upper Takutu Because of the grassy savannahs, the

– Upper Essequibo Rupununi is a ‘cattle country’. Most
of the cattle are farmed to produce
beef, and a few are kept for milk.
Much of the beef is sold in Brazil. They
are also mine semiprecious stones. A
variety of crafts is produced in the
Amerindian villages and sold to Brazil.
Region 10 – Upper
Demerara – Berbice
The people work mainly with bauxite
to export to make aluminium. Cattle-
rearing and forestry are also done on
very small scales.
Use the information and answer the questions.

How does the vegetation in your administrative region affect the
food people eat?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
66
How does the vegetation in your administrative region affect the

resources they use for various purposes?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How do the animals found in the administrative region influence

the local economy?
(Example: use of animals for farming or transportation)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
67
How do the food sources found in the administrative region

influence the local economy?
(Example: food sources: fishing or hunting, rearing animals)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Review the table on the “Geographical Formations” of the

administrative regions and then answer the questions.
How the geography affects the population of the people in the
(Example, rivers, mountains, or dense forests)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
68
How the geography affects the transportation choices of the

people in the administrative region?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How the geography affects employment opportunities of the

people in the administrative region?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
69
How the geography affects the accessibility of the people in the

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How geography affect the type of

clothing people wear?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
70
How geography affect the delivery of healthcare services?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
How geography affect the access to education?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
71
The Ethnic Groups in Guyana

History of the Ethnic Groups in Guyana
In Guyana, there are six ethnic groups. They are the Amerindians,
Europeans, Africans, Portuguese, East Indians, and Chinese.
They came from different parts of the world from the different
continents and different countries within the continent.
The Amerindians were the first to come. Because of this they are
known as the Indigenous People. They came by crossing the Ice
Bridge (Bering Strait) that was created by the Bering Sea during
the third Ice Age.
72
They came from the country of Mongolia which is part of the

continent of Asia.
The Amerindians came due to the freezing weather and the

animals they hunted migrated, so they migrated to the north in
search of food and warmth. Because they moved a lot, they were
called nomads. The main Amerindians Tribes are Warraus, Arawak,
Wapisianas and Caribs. There are subtribes such as Aracuna,
Akawaios, Patomonas, Macusis and Wai-wais.
They prepared delicious dishes such as pepperpot, farine, taso,

cassava bread and drink piwari. The Amerindians are gifted people
they make craft pieces from wood and balata, jewelry from beads
and feathers, clothing, and hammock from tibisiri.
Amerindians are religious people and believe in many gods and

spirits. In the traditional dress, the men wear little clothing consisting
of cotton hand bands and loin coverings. On special occasions
such as festivals, they decorate their bodies with feathers, beads,
73
shells and dyes of different colours. They perform beautiful dances

based on the different movements of animals. They also danced
the Mari-Mari.
The Europeans came after they heard stories about El Dorado.

They thought the city was in the region of where Guyana is
located. They stayed when they realised that the land can be
planted cotton and sugar which was in demand at the time in
Europe.
They came from different part of Europe like Britain, France, Spain,
and Holland. They first enslaved the Amerindians, but they moved
away to deep inland. They then went to Africa and brought the
Africans as slaves. The Africans fought for their freedom and after
they were freed, they brought Portuguese, East Indians, and
Chinese as indentured servants. They were the group of people
that built building and established trade routes. Today there are
not many Europeans living in Guyana.
74
The Africans came to Guyana from different countries in Africa.

The Africans were brought mainly from West Africa. They came
from multiple ethnicities such as the Ashanti from Ghana, the
Yoruba from Southwest Nigeria, the Ibo from South-Western
Nigeria, and the Mandingo from Senegal.
75
They were brought to work on the sugar plantations as slaves

under the Triangular Slave Trade.
The Africans came from a wide array of backgrounds and

endured harsh conditions that they were not able to preserve their
cultural traditions and had to adopt Christianity and the values of
the colonists.
Afro-Guyanese are largely descended from the Akans of Ghana
West Africa. A lot of Afro-Guyanese dishes eaten in Guyana
originated in Ghana such as Foo-Foo, Metemgee, Cou-Cou, Sorrel
and Cook-up Rice. A popular element of Afro-Guyanese culture is
the Queh-queh. The Queh-queh is a pre-wedding dance done
before the wedding. They are also followers of obeah, a folk
religion of African origin, which incorporates beliefs and practices.
The Africans wore clothing such as wrap skirts, dashiki, and
Ankara. They wear footwear such as leather slippers, and sandals.
Their jewellery was made mostly out of beads and wood.
76
After the Africans were freed, the Portuguese were brought to

work on the sugar plantation under a contract for five years as
indentured servants. The first groups arrived in 1835. They came
from the continent of Europe from the country of Maderia. The
Portuguese adapted very quickly to commerce. During their
indenture, they worked hard and saved their earnings which they
invested in their business. Many Portuguese firms were established
on Water Street in Georgetown. They established every type of
business. The Portuguese support Roman Catholic churches, and
schools.
The Portuguese are well known for their garlic pork, red beans
soup, fish cakes, sardines, cheese pie, egg custard, pancakes and
egg sandwich. Portuguese dress consists of bouffant skirts made
from saia (chequered or striped fabrics) for women, and calsas,
short leggings, sombreros, and waistcoats for men.
77
The East Indians came after the Portuguese. They came as

indentured labourers to work on the sugar plantation. Many of the
East Indians came from the Bhojpuri and Awadh regions in the
present-day states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. A
significant minority also came from Southern India.
The East Indians maintained their culture and traditions. They are
either Hindus or Muslims. Hindus continue to observe holidays such
as Phagwah and Diwali (festival of lights) among others, while
Muslims celebrate the holidays Eid-ul-adha and Eid-ul-filtr. The East
Indians prepared dishes such as gulab jamun, parasad, sweet
rice, dhal puri, chicken curry, and seven curry, a dish of seven
78
curries eaten at one meal, generally served at weddings, poojas,

and religious functions. East Indians wear clothing such as sarees,
salwar kameez, lehengas, and kurta and pyjamas. They wear
jewellery made from gold and silver with precious stones and
beads. They wear bangles, anklets, necklace, earrings, and
bracelets.
The last set of Indentured labourers that was brought to Guyana

were the Chinese. They came from the continent of Asia from the
country of China.
The Chinese came from many regions, and they spoke different
dialects. They also had varying skills and religious beliefs. They
79
maintained their language and forms of their culture, and

organised night schools on the sugar plantations to teach the
boys writing and singing.
After they stop working on the plantation they turn to trade. The
Chinese became import and wholesale traders. They were
druggists, butchers, hucksters, cart and boat cab owners, barbers,
and laundrymen.
The Chinese dishes enjoyed by people are dumplings, tofu,
chowmein, fried rice, and wanton soup. They wear tunics, sarongs
and cheongsams.
80
Today different ethnic groups live different part of Guyana. The

population of the different ethnic groups have changed.
Percentage of Ethnic Groups Distribution in each Administrative

Region
81
List the Ethnic Groups in your Administrative Regions.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Name the country and continent the ethnic groups came from.
Ethnic Group The country they The continent they
came from came from
Shade the continent in which the ethnic group came from.
82
List the reason(s) why the ethnic group migrates from their home
country.
Write the sequence in which the ethnic groups living in their region
travelled from their home country to Guyana.
83
Trace the route the ethnic group travelled to Guyana on a map of

the world.
Create a portfolio by writing paragraphs explaining the way of life

of the ethnic groups as it relates to their food, clothing, shelter,
craft, customs, and beliefs in your region. Paste pictures, maps
and graphic organisers to make the portfolio interesting.
84
The Indigenous People

The Indigenous people are the first set of people that came to
Guyana. They are also known as the Amerindians.
Indigenous Tribes
Today in Guyana there are four main tribes, namely the Warraus,
Arawak, Wapisianas and the Caribs, which include several
subtribes, Arrecunas, Akawaios, Patamonas, and the Macusis. The
Wai-wais are also included in the Carib-speaking group.
The nine tribes:
Warraus Arawaks Wapisianas Caribs Arrecunas
Akawaios Patamonas Macusis Wai-Wai
Waraus
The Waraus,
believed to be
the oldest
inhabitants of
Guyana, are
known from
shell mounds.
They lived in
the low-lying
coastlands
between the
Barima and Pomeroon Rivers and their tributaries, built their houses
on stilts over or close to the water. They were skilled fishermen,
boat builders, and inventors of the dugout canoe, the earliest
85
seaworthy vessel. They considered the palm tree as the tree of life,
providing them with flour, juice, fruit, and branches for thatching
and hammock-making.
Wapishanas
The Wapishanas,
migrated to
Guyana from
Brazil. They are in
Rupununi. They
are known for their
agricultural skills
and were once
major traders and
canoe makers.
They are also skilled in cotton hammock making. Their shaman,
called 'marinau', has power over evil spirits and their religious
beliefs are centered on the spirits they call 'Durimas'.
Arawaks (Lokono)
The Arawaks,
developed
planters, settled at
Hosororo creek on
the Aruka River
and the
Corentyne River,
leaving their
unique rock
engraving,
Timehri. They used
earth from coastal
swamps for agriculture and built habitation mounds. They also
planted cassava on hilltops, which they baked into bread. They
hunted various animals, including deer, labba, tapir, peccary,
agouti, birds, turtles, and parrots, using wooden shovels to move
earth and build habitation mounds.
86
Caribs (Karinya)
The Carib tribe, known
for their mastery of
painted ceramics,
settled in villages near
streams, rivers, or
creeks. They gave the
Caribbean area its
name. Their language is
classified as part of the
Cariban, Carib groups
are found in Guyana in
the Essequibo Lake
District, Pomeroon and North-West Districts, along the Cuyuni,
Barama, Barima Rivers, and on the Demerara and Mahaicony
Rivers.
Sub-Tribes
Patamona
The Patamonas are a
group of people in
Guyana, primarily
found in the North
Pakaraima. Their
archaeological
presence is evident in
pottery collections in
the Yawong valley
and upper Siparuni
River. The Patamona
nation is associated
with the mystical figure 'Old Kaie', the Amerindian Chief in the
legend.
87
The Makusi
This nation was
described as one
of the most
beautiful ones in
Guyana; they
were uniquely
skilled in the
preparation of the
deadly ‘curare’
poison. They live in
the Northern
Rupununi Savannahs and were especially noted for their love of
order.
Arekunas
The Arekunas once
occupied the Kamarang
River, is now based in
Paruima. They made
significant contributions to
Guyanese culture with the
blowpipe, a mysterious and
awe-inspiring weapon. They
were powerful cotton
growers and suppliers,
particularly to the Makusi tribe.
Wai wais
The Wai Wais, skilled
weavers and bead
workers, moved into
Guyana from Brazil and
occupied the Upper
Essequibo River. They still
using their traditional dress
of loincloths and aprons, or
88
'Keweyeu'. Their architecture, showed in the Umana Yana, is

considered the example of Amerindian architecture.
Akawaios
The Akawaios, descendants of
the Karinya, were warlike and
aggressive, primarily residing in
the Upper Mazaruni area and
surrounding rivers. They
established the occupation of
hinterland forests. Known for
pride, hospitality, courage,
and handiness, they valued
freedom over material wealth.
Which Amerindian tribe(s) living in your administrative

region?
Write a paragraph about the tribe(s) living in your administrative

region.
89
Amerindian Settlements
The map shows the geographic concentration of the nine

indigenous tribes in Guyana. The Arawaks dominate the coastal
belt. The Warau occupy the north-western tip of the country. The
Caribs and the Akawaios mostly reside in the western central belt,
while the Patamona, Macushi, and Wapishana range from the
Pakaraima mountains to the southern savannahs. The Wai-Wai is
90
the most isolated, located in the far south close to the Brazilian
border. The Arekuna are barely represented in Guyana, with most
of the tribe residing in Venezuela. The larger tribes in rank order of
population size are Arawak, Macusi Waipishana, Warau, Akawaio,
Patamona, Carib, Arekuna, and Waiwai.
List the Amerindian Tribe or tribes living in your administrative

region.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Draw a map of your region and shade the areas they would have
settled.
91
Ways the Indigenous People make use of and care for the land.
Indigenous communities, known for their environmental
protection, respect for wildlife, and traditional knowledge,
continue to protect some of the world's most biodiverse areas
today. The Indigenous people have been caretakers of the
environment, protecting their lands, respecting wildlife and utilizing
traditional knowledge passed down through generations. They
lived a stable lifestyle, guided by elders who knew the customs.
The people worked together, sharing their food and knowledge,
and living in harmony with their environment.
Fire
They use fire to plan and predict plant growth and with it attract
animals for hunting. They converted the land to grasslands for the
“maintenance” of animals, plants and fresh drinking water,
By doing regular patch burning, they reduced the risk of wildfires,
and assisted in the hunting process by forcing wildlife out of
vegetation. Fire has been used for cleaning up the vegetation,
making it easier to walk through the land and safer as snakes
92
could be avoided. Fire was used to promote the growth of plants.

This regrowth of grasses attracts grazing animals back to the area
for easier hunting.
Environment
The natural environment was very important to the Indigenous

people as it provided them with all their needs and connected
them to their ancestors. Indigenous art, food, shelter, spiritual
beliefs, tools, weapons and connections to the past are all found
in the environment.
The environment also told Indigenous people about the changing
seasons, which signified what foods were available. For example,
the first blossoms told some Indigenous people honey was
available or that the yams were ready to dig up. The environment
was also used for health reasons, and medicines made from
plants and seeds would often be used.
Indigenous tribes felt it was vital to protect the land. Tribes
believed that, if sacred places were not cared for, the spirits
would become angry and punish the population with droughts or
floods. For this reason, Indigenous people looked after the
environment to ensure the happiness of the ancestors.
Having to look after the environment ensured tribes lived in a
sustainable way. Indigenous people never took more than they
needed and never destroyed environments. By living in this way,
93
the environment would always be able to supply food, water,

shelter, tools, art supplies and a home.
Seasons
The seasons were seen to be a natural calendar as they govern

human life, determine people's needs and control the supply of
natural foods.
Because the seasons were seen as a natural calendar, the
calendars varied according to location. Nature itself provided the
calendar - blossoms appearing, temperature and seasonal
conditions and the appearance and disappearance of insects
and animals.
Totemism
Totems are symbols that acknowledge specific birds, animals,

rocks or flora species and are considered sacred by their owners.
Traditionally, each Indigenous person receives a totem from their
94
mother or Father. Each totem would have previously been owned

by his/her parents' ancestors. Traditionally, totems were often
carved into stones and were carried by an individual so that s/he
could be constantly connected to his/her ancestors, the land and
his/her tribe.
Totems never change and are continually passed on to each
generation. The totem animal, bird, rock or flower is never hunted,
killed or desecrated out of respect for ancestors. Totems are also
extremely important in all individual and group celebrations and
ceremonies. Totem images appear in paintings and carvings and
on tools and implements.
Sustainability
By eating a large variety of foods in a systematic and sustainable

manner, food gathering techniques can ensure that no one food
source can be over-exploited. Plant foods eaten include wild fruit,
nuts, berries, edible leaves and plant roots.
Enough seeds are left so that there will always be new growth. The
young of any animal species, or any female if it is still caring for its
offspring are rarely killed. When collecting eggs from a bird's nest
some are always left to hatch thus ensuring the survival of the
species.
95
List the ways the Amerindians use the land.
List the ways the Amerindians take care of the land.
96
The Location of the titled Amerindian Lands
97
Land Claim Issues

A land claim is the pursuit of recognized territorial ownership by a
group or individual.
List example of land claim issues.
Article: “Indigenous peoples’ rights violated and traditional lands

in Guyana threatened by mining”
“Guyanese project to bolster Indigenous land rights draws funding

— and flak”
• Lands being taken and used by other people and not those
from the indigenous people.
• Mining being done on the land and the land in being
damaged by the miners.
State the impact(s) of the land claim issues on the

Indigenous people regarding land ownership, conservation efforts,
land use practices, and displacement.
How the land claim issue has affected the Indigenous peoples in
the specific region.
98
What are the consequences related to their ownership rights,

cultural practices, displacement, or access to resources?
99

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MY SOCIAL STUDIES NOTEBOOK GRADE FOUR BIBI YASMIN HATIM

Bibi Yasmin Hatim

MY SOCIAL STUDIES NOTEBOOK

First Edition: October 2022

Cover Design by: Bibi Yasmin Hatim

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a

UNIT 2: DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP 30

Leaders in the community

Every community has leaders. Some community leaders are:

Trusted community leaders include local church leaders,

List examples of leaders in your community.

Some leaders become great. People remember them through their

The author usually points to the subject’s childhood, coming-of-age

What Is a Biographic Profile?

Create a biography of you.

Before Guyana gained its independence, plenty people from all

Find out who contributed significantly to the development of

Some of the Heroes and Architects of Independence

Overthrowing Magdaleneburg, The Cuffy

Damon and The Fall of La Belle Alliance

The Enmore Martyrs

The workers protested unfair

Campbell was a teacher, bauxite miner,

During his parliamentary days, Campbell fought for educational opportunities

‘Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow

Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow (18 December 1884 – 14 May 1958)[1] is notable as

Critchlow was born in Georgetown, Guyana. Little is known of his early

In 1945 he attended the World Trade Union Conference as President of

On 2 December 1964 then premier of

Jung Bahadur Singh of Guyana (1886-1956)

As a legislator, JB Singh was a sitting member of almost every parliamentary

Dr JB Singh ought to be celebrated as a “politician, ship doctor, labour leader,

Identify a leader in your region prior to Guyana’s independence.

Complete the biographic profile of the leader chosen.

Any other details

After Independence, more people became leaders. They

Think about your administrative regions.

Leaders that Develop Region………………………………………

Area of Contribution Name of Leaders

Contributions of individuals from my region

Name of Gender Date of Ethnic Area of

Investigate the people in your region and name at least

Name of Ethnicity Contribution Significance Evidence

Traditional Locations of Ethnic Groups in

List the ethnic groups living in your administrative regions.

Insert the settlements for the different ethnic groups living in

List the ethnic groups living in the region before and

Ethnic Groups Locations Languages

The first arrival of the European was Alonso de Ojeda in 1499

The Dutch established the first European settlement in what is now

Guyana gained Independence in 1966 and in 1970 became Co-

Read the article

Reasons Why the Different Ethnic Groups come to Guyana

The East Indians

Use either poetry, drama, puppetry, writing or other forms to

Ways the Ethnic Groups worked together in

Ways the Ethnic Groups worked together Presently

• They build things in the community through self-help groups.

Compare and contrast the different ways the ethnic groups

Historical Buildings and Places Associated with

Some Heritage Sites of Guyana

1763 Monument D’Urban Park, Georgetown