PHYSICS FORMULAE & DEFINITIONS

MAGNETISM
1. Force between magnetic poles 2l  magnetic length
0 m1m 2 m  pole strength of the magnet
F
4 d 2 7. Couple acting on bar magnet placed in uni-
(In air or free space in between mag- form magnetic field C  MBsin 
netic poles ) M  magnetic moment of the bar magnet
0  permeability of free space. B  Magnetic field strength
m1 , m 2  are the pole strengths of two   angle between the axis of magnet and
magnetic poles. direction of magnetic field induction
8. Magnetic Induction due to a bar magnet
d  distance between the poles
on axial line
2. Magnetic field due to a straight
conductor Carrying current: 0 2Md
Magnetic field strength at a distance d from
Baxial 
4  d 2  l 2 2
a straight conductor carrying current I is
given by for short magnet
0 2M 1
Baxial   B
4 d3 d3
B  magnetic induction
M  magnetic moment of the magnet
d  distance between the centre of the mag-
net to the point
2 l  magnetic length
0 I 9. Magnetic Induction on equatorial line
B (sin 1  sin 2 )
4d 0 M
Direction of magnetic field is suggested by Beq 
4  d 2  l 2 3/ 2
right hand grip/thumb rule.
 m1m 2 M  magnetic moment of the magnet
3. F ( in the medium )
4 d 2 d  distance between the centre to point.
2l  magnetic length
where   0 r
for short bar magnet
  permeability of the medium
0 M 1
Beq  3
 B 3
 r  relative permeability of the medium 4 d d
4. Magnetic Induction at a point in a magnetic 10. A charge Particle in a uniform Magnetic
field:
0 m  
field B  When v  B , the charged particle following
4 d 2
a circular path of radius
5. Force experienced by a pole in a magnetic
field F  mB mv 2mE
r 
m  pole strength of the magnetic pole qB qB
6. Magnetic moment of the magnet   
(a) F  q(v  B)
M = 2l m
(b) If charge is accelerated by p.d. V, then

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PHYSICS FORMULAE & DEFINITIONS

tan  A
2mqv 2mV 2
r  tan B
qB qB2
 A,  B are average deflections in tanA and
mv sin  mv  tanB positions.
(c) Its radius r  or
qB qB 17. Vibration Magnetometer
(d) The period of revolution of charge q in a
uniform magnetic field B is given by I
Time period of the magnet T  2
2m MBH
T
qB M  magnetic moment of the magnet
11. Relation between B and H ; B   0 H
BH  horizontal component of magnetic
H  intensity of magnetic field field of earth
12. Tangent Law , B  BH tan 
m  l 2  b2 
B  magnetic induction field strength of the I  moment of inertia I 
magnet 12
BH  horizontal component of earth’ss m, l, b  mass, length and breadth of the
magnetic field strength. magnet respectively

  angle deflected by magnetic needle 1 2 I0d

18. BH 
from the direction of BH T  d  l  tan 
2 2

13. Deflection Magnetometer

Equal distance method ( Tan A or Tan B   the average deflection of the compass
M1 tan 1 needle in the deflection magneto metre
position) 
M 2 tan 2 2  d 2  l 2  4I tan 
M1, M2 are magnetic moments of first and 19. M
T  0 2d
second magnets respectively
 1,  2 are average deflections produced by 20. Comparision of Magnetic moments of
first and second magnets respectively two bar magnets
14. Null method ( Tan A or Tan B position )
M 1 T22
M1 d13 i)   equal sizes 
 M 2 T12
M 2 d 32
M1, M2 are magnetic moment of first and M 1 T22  T12
ii)   unequal sizes 
second magnets respectively ; d1, d2 are M 2 T22  T12
distances of the first and second magnets
from the centre of the compass box respec- H
tively 19. Magnetic susceptibility (  m ) =
I
15. Equal distance method in Tan A position
CONCEPTUAL POINTS
0 2M 1. The magnetism is concentrated at two points
 BH tan A (short bar magnet)
4 d 3 called poles of a magnet.
Equal distance method in Tan B position 2. The line passing through the two poles of the
0 M magnet is called “axial line”
 BH tan B (short bar magnet)
4 d 3 3. The line passing through the equator of the
16. Verification of Inverse square law is magnet is called “equatorial line”
4. The shortest distance between the “two
PHYSICS FORMULAE & DEFINITIONS
poles” is taken as magnetic length(2l) . DEFLECTION MAGNETOMETER
5. Classification of magnetic materials 1. Principle : It works on ‘Tangent law”
Diamagnetic substances
The diamagnetic substances are those in
Tan A Position
which the individual atoms/molecules/ions do
not possess any net magnetic moment on their 2. The arms are placed along East West direc-
own. When such substances are placed in tion or parallel to the Al - pointer.
an external magnetizing field, they get feebly Tan B Position
magnetized in a direction opposite to the 1. The arm are placed along North South di-
magnetizing field. rection or parallel to magnetic needle.
Example: Animony, Bismuth, Copper, Lead, 2. It is used to compare magnetic moments of two
Gold, Silver, Diamond, Zinc, Quartz; Water, magnets and to verify the Inverse square law
Alcohol, Mercuty; Air, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
and all inert gases like Helium, Neon, Argon
etc.
6. Curie Law in Magnetism
Intensity of magnetization (I) of a magnetic
material is (i) directly proportional to magnetic
induction (B), and (ii) inversely proportional
to the temperature (T) of the material.
C
m 
T
This phenomenon of lagging of I or B behind
H when a specimen of a magnetic material
is subjected to a cycle of magnetization is
called hystersis.

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