PHYSICS FORMULAS

SOUND

Sound is a mechanical wave that results from Compression :The region of maximum density of
the back and forth vibration of the particles of medium in a longitudinal wave.
the medium through which the sound wave is Rarefaction: The region of minimum density of
moving. medium in a longitudinal wave.

Amplitude: The maximum displacement of vibrating particles from

its mean position
Wavelength: The wavelength is the horizontal length of one cycle of
the wave.
Time period: Time taken by a vibrating particle to make one
complete vibration
Frequency ´ Time period = 1
Frequency:The number of vibrations completed by a particle in one
second speed of sound in
Pitch: The sensation (brain interpretation) of the frequency of an different medium
emitted sound. speed in gases< speed
Intensity: Sound energy transferred per unit time per unit area in liquids< speed in solids
placed perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of sound.

Echo: The sound heard after reflection

from a rigid obstacle. It is of three types : Audible waves: Frequency 20Hz to 20kHz.
(a) Instantaneous echo Infrasonic waves: below 20 Hz.
Ultrasonic waves: Above 20KHz.

(b) Syllabic echo

(c) Successive echo

Noise: Sound waves which produces some trouble sensation and are unacceptable.